第一篇：非谓语动词之动词不定式
非谓语动词 之 动词不定式
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)
(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)
(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)
一、动词不定式
(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：
To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适
但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：
careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。
因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何
(二)作宾语及宾语补语。
1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。
2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。
Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看 等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。
A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。
上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。
I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。
=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。
I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。
=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。
在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:
Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。
4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。
在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：
Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?
5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。
Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?
注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。
I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。
I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。
I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。
We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答
(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。
与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。
作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。
There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。
He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。
(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。
To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。
To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。
(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括
whether)
(1)做主语。
例如：
Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。
It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。
How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：
The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。
What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。
The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。
I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。
Do you remember when to switch off the machine?
有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：
I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。
The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:
I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1)表示目的。如:
We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：
To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。
To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。
To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。
(2)表示原因。例如:
To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。
常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：
able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。
He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。
You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。
He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:
He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：
It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。
(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：
We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。
I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：
She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。
如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。
动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：
The game were to have taken place in Room
He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：
一般式：to be+过去分词
完成式：to have been+过去分词
You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。
These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。
(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：
You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。
George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。
后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：
used to常常 be going to 打算
mean to打算 ought to应该
plan to 计划 want to要想
(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:
I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：
I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。
1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：
1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early
2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions
3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green
4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies
5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight
6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone
7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep
8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight
9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold
10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more
11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry
12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pass the examination
13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job
14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat
15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to
16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight anymore
17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist
18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see what was happening
19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to accomplish the task
20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her
21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter
22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book
23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him
24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been defeated
25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to be finished in class
26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be your friend
第二篇：非谓语动词
初中英语分类练习
——非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）
He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副词作用)
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作状语）
2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）
Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）
非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）
To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）
There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不定式主动被动
一般to writeto be written
进行to be writing
完成to have writtento have been written
完成进行to have been writing
现 在 分 词主动被动
一般writingbeing written
完成having writtenhaving been written
过去分词主动被动
一般written
动名词主动被动
一般writing being written
完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1.动词不定式作主语：
To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。
2.动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。
We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
4.动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。
5.动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
6.不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
动词不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。
带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？
Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？
带逻辑主语的不定式：
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。
注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。
动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。
He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。
There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。
●动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
1)动名词作主语：
Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?
4）动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。
动名词的被动形式 ：
（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）
His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：
1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有：
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。
I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。
Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。
4)动名词和分词的区别：
动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
●分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。
1.分词作定语
China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）
a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）
2.分词作状语
Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语
The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）
She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）
They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。
分词的否定形式。not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。
分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。
Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。
第三篇：非谓语动词
非谓语动词专项练习
1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been
2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find
3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling
C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand
C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands
5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and
6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear
7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live
8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing
9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won
10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned
11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?
----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted
12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming
C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim
13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known
14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated
C.to have been translatedD.having been translated
15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct
16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go
C.for risk to goD.risk going
17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching
18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did
19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear
20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered
C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering
21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost
C.to search;lostD.to search;missed
22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard
C.When hearingD.When she heard
23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding
24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type
25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing
26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled
27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching
28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed
C.interviewingD.having interviewed
29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able
C.them not ableD.them being able not
30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going
31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异
体)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed
C.ExposedD.After being exposed
32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize
33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden
C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding
34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able
C.them not ableD.them being able not
35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?
A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent
36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?
----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked
37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed
C.to have been informedD.to inform
38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed
39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed
C.interviewingD.having interviewed
40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear
41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had
42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed
C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed
43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because
44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made
45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying
46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed
C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed
47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary
B.to learn a foreign language is needed
C.it is important to master science
D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly
48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking
49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out
50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled
51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type
52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing
答案：
1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA
41------45ACADA
51-----55BC
36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA
第四篇：新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之不定式
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之不定式
1．定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。
2．形式：（以do为例）
主动语态
被动语态 一般时
to do
to be done 进行时
to be doing 完成时
to have done
to have been done 完成进行时
to have been doing
3．用法：
（1）用作主语：
To speak good English is not easy.or: It is not easy to speak good English.（采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an hour to do the work.（2）用作宾语：
She decided to take the examination.I hope to meet him soon.（3）宾语补足语：
They expected us to help them.Hewants his son to study hard.金牌重点：
不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made her clean the room.The girl is heard to sing an English song.（4）用作表语： To teach is to learn.His job is to sell cars.（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：
We come to school to study English.（目的）
= in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果）
（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of paper.The poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the house.Have you anything to do?
= to do anything
4．不定式的时态意义：
She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）
She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）
Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）
5．不定式语态：
The doctor [wrecommend]recommended[/w] him to air the room.The doctor recommended the room to be aired.She expects the police to find her bicycle.She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.6．不定式否定形式：not to do...He got up early in order not to miss the train.测试精编
1.Did you find out ________ the pie out of oven? A.to take
B.have taken
C.when to take
D.being taken
2.You would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on your desk every day.A.putting up
B.to be put up
C.to pile up
D.pile up
3.We shall set Jim ________ the passage.A.explaining
B.explained
C.to explain
D.explain
4.In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in Los Angeles.A.tostay
B.than stay
C.than staying
D.than have stayed
5.Madame Curies is believed ________ the radium.A.discovering
B.having discovered
C.to have discovered
D.to discover
（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻„„）
KEYS
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.B
5.C
第五篇：非谓语动词(教案)
非谓语动词（教案）
在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：
1．相同之处：
1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：
He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：
1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：
1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语
My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语
He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语
Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语
In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式
He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式
They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态
We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的语态
This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：
1．作主语
Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语
My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语
（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语
Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语
Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth
（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth
（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）
Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing
（需要被做）
Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）
6．动名词的体式和语态
He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词
分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries
1．作表语：
The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：
It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：
(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：
1)作时间或原因状语：
working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：
They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.
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