非谓语动词教案二

第一篇：非谓语动词教案二

非谓语动词

知识结构框架

1.2.3.4.5.6.非谓语动词的含义及种类 不定式的含义与作用

不定式的时态语态和否定形式（及主动表被动）不定式的省略问题

不定式与疑问词的连用 不定式的复合结构

7.动名词的含义与作用

8.动名词的时态和语态及否定式 9.动名词复合结构用法

10.分词（现在分词和过去分词）的作用 11.分词的时态和语态

12.分词和不定式作状语的区别

13.分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别 14.非谓语动词作定语的区别

15.分词逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致的原则及独立结构的用法。

课时及其内容安排

分为三课时：

第一课时：框架1-6 第二课时：框架7-11 第三课时：框架12-15

第二课时内容

一、动词-ing形式作主语

1.Singing and dancing is Judy’s favorite.2.Being praised in class made Eric so happy that she did even better in her studies.3.My father thinks it is a waste of time watching soap operas for me.4.His parents’ watching the game gives Wang Hao a lot of encouragement.【规律】

1.动词-ing或动词-ing短语作主语，应放在句首；动词-ing形式通常表示习惯性动作，作主语时谓语用单数。如句1。2.动词-ing形式有时可用被动形式，既可以放在句中，又可以放在句首；其形式为“being done”。如句2。3.动词-ing形式可以用于it作形式主语的结构中，动词-ing放在后面，作真正的主语。如句3。

4.动词-ing形式可构成复合结构，即在动词-ing形式前加上逻辑主语（形容词性物主代词；代词宾格；名词；名词所有格），常在句中作主语和宾语。作主语时，其逻辑主语必须用其形容词性物主代词形式，如句4。

二、动词-ing形式作宾语

1.My sister suggested spending the holiday in Beijing.2.Sue narrowly escaped being hit by the running truck.3.Mr Liu insisted on having heard the boss say so that day.【规律】

1.动词-ing形式在句中作宾语通常要跟在某些动词或短语后面。动词有admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, risk, resist, suggest等；动词短语有think of, dream of, insist on, depend on, look forward to, can’t help等。如句1。

2.动词-ing形式可用被动形式，通常为“being done”形式。如句2。

3.动词-ing形式还可以用完成形式，通常为“having done”形式。如句3。同时完成式可以有被动形式，通常为“having been done”。

三、某些动词在动词-ing形式和动词不定式中的意义 1.I prefer to share the cake with the new classmate.2.Mark regretted telling a lie to his parents and teacher.3.I shall remember seeing Mary for the first time forever.4.I forgot to water the flowers for Miss White when she was out.5.Ted advised us to have a walk after dinner along the beach.6.Ted advised having a walk after dinner along the beach..【规律】

1.下列动词可接动词-ing形式和动词不定式且意思相差不大。begin, start, hate, like, love, continue, prefer etc.如句1。2.下列动词（短语）可接动词-ing形式和动词不定式但表示不同意义。remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on etc.如句2，3，4。

3.allow, advise, forbid, permit等词后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语，但如果后面带有不定式，不定式常带有自己的逻辑主语，也就是说，这种不定式不是句子的动词宾语，而是宾补。如句5，6。

一、动词-ing形式作定语

1.I get into the reading room to find the magazines I like.= I get into the room for reading to find the magazines I like.2.I saw a sleeping boy under the tree.= I saw a boy who was sleeping under the tree.3.Have you ever seen the girl singing on the stage? 4.The girl playing the piano is my sister.5.Among the students to take part in the party, Anna is the most active one.【规律】

1.单个的动词-ing形式可放在名词前作前置定语，表示该名词的用途和功能。可转换成for短语修饰该名词，此时-ing为动名词。如句1。

2.说明名词的动作、性质和特征，与所修饰名词是主谓关系。此时-ing为现在分词。常可转换成定语从句。如句2。3.如果是动词-ing短语，那么应该放在被修饰名词的后面。如句3。

4.动词-ing形式作定语，多表示正在进行或经常性、习惯性的动作。而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作。如句4和句5。

二、动词-ing形式作表语

1.Their plan is driving to Sanya for a holiday.2.The test results have been very discouraging.【规律】

1.动名词作表语，表示主语的具体内容。如句1。2.现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征性质。如句2。

三、动词-ing形式作宾补

1.The teacher heard students reading English aloud when she passed by the classroom.2.It was raining last Sunday, so my parents left me staying at home.3.You’d better not have your four-year-old kid learning English now.【规律】

动词-ing形式作宾补时，与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系。常用在以下动词或短语之后，构成复合结构——某些感官动词：see;watch;observe;look at;hear;listen to;notice;smell;feel;taste, etc.如句1；某些常构成复合结构的动词：leave;keep;find;set;catch, etc.如句2；某些使役动词：have;get, etc.如句3。

动词的-ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生的，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语。动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可作时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、结果、让步状语或表示补充说明等，而且均可转换为相应的状语从句或并列句。1.Receiving the money that could save his daughter, the man couldn’t help crying out.2.Having driven all day, we were rather tired.3.While walking my dog in the park, I came across a friend of mine.4.Playing computer games all day, you will surely fail in the exam.5.Luck looked at the old photos, missing her classmates in college.6.Being a student, Wendy isn’t allowed to buy any expensive dresses.7.Not having received any message from Lily, I had to call her again.8.The hunter fired, shooting one of the wolves.9.Though raining heavily, it is still a little hot.10.The waste may be buried under the ground, depending on the nature of the materials.11.It’s freezing cold today.I don’t want to go anywhere but to stay at home.【规律】

1.动词-ing形式的一般式可作时间状语，所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。如句1，相当于When he received the money that could save his daughter, the man couldn’t help crying out.动词-ing形式的完成式作状语时，所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的。如句2。在作时间状语的动词-ing形式的一般式之前，可以加连词while、when或介词after、before、on等。如句3。

2.动词-ing形式可作条件状语。如句4，相当于If you play computer games all day, you will surely fail in the exam.3.动词-ing形式可作伴随或方式状语，通常置于句尾。如句5。

4.动词-ing形式可作原因状语。如句6，相当于Because she is a student, Wendy isn’t allowed to buy any expensive dresses.动词-ing形式作原因状语时，其否定形式为直接将not置于动词-ing形式之前。如句7，相当于Because I hadn’t received any message from Lily, I had to call her again.5.动词-ing形式可作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果，常置于句尾。如句8，相当于The hunter fired, and shot one of the wolves.6.动词-ing形式可作让步状语，通常与though或although连用。如句9，相当于Though it rains heavily, it is still a little hot.7.动词-ing形式可以表示补充说明。如句10。

8.有少数动词-ing形式常放在某些形容词前，起副词作用，意思是“极、非常”，表示这些形容词的程度或状态。如句11。

第二篇：非谓语动词(教案)

非谓语动词（教案）

在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：

1．相同之处：

1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：

1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的语态

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：

1．作主语

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语

（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）

6．动名词的体式和语态

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词

分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表语：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：

1)作时间或原因状语：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.

第三篇：非谓语动词教案

非

谓

语

动

词 之 现在分词

教

案

刘黎清

教学目标

1.掌握分词作定语、表语、补足语、状语（时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随等状语的用法）。2.掌握动名词作主语、宾语的用法。

教学重点

动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

教学难点

1、掌握分词、动名词在句子中的作用

2、分词作定语和状语的异同

3、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式

教学要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词作主语、宾语；

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；

教学步骤

I谓语动词目前学过的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般现在时，经常性动作）

2.V.ed

(一般过去时，过去的动作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(现在进行时，表正在进行）4.was/were + V.ing(过去进行时，过去正在进行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般将来时，将来要做的动作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(过去将来时，过去某个时间点开始的将来）7.have/has + V.过分（现在完成时，到现在为止已经做了什么）8.had + V.过分（过去完成时，到过去某个点为止已经做了什么）

II非谓语动词有几个？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.过分

III 本课重点V.ing形式 1.做主语

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水难收）

2.做宾语（只能做某些及物动词的宾语）她昨天读完了那本小说。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列动词后多用动名词做宾语

admit(承认）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，认为）mind

miss

escape(避开）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(着手）keep on

excuse(原谅）feel like(想要）

object to(反对）

3.做表语

Her job is teaching math.4.做定语

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做宾补

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做宾补，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(观看）, sense（感觉）, get（让，使）, have（让，使)等词之后

6.做状语

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(时间）

V.ing 做状语时，常表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式，伴随，结果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.这样做可以省很多时间和金钱。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主语）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起来。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（状语，表时间）3.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表语）4.他练习写字作为家庭作业。He practiced writing for homework.（宾语）5.你介意做一个关于学校生活的报告吗？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（宾语）6.拒绝邀请并不总是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主语）7.我吃完早饭后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（状语，表前后时间）8.老师给我们上了一堂写作课。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定语）9.正在读小说的男孩听到噪音后放下了书。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（状语和定语）10.如果从山上看，这个公园很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（状语，表条件）

V Homework

VI V.ing 做主语，宾语，定语，状语，宾补，表语各写5个句子。

第四篇：非谓语动词教案

（非谓语动词）

Period 1 Infinitive(不定式)

Objectives

1.To revise Infinitive to get a better knowledge.2.To practice Infinitive to grasp more.(非谓语动词——不定式、分词和动名词——在高中学习中是一个很重要的部分。在每年的高考中，无论是全国卷还是省市卷都是必考部分，因此，对此部分的学习与掌握都是必要的。考虑到其重要性以及内容较多，决定分部分进行全面复习，从基本概念入手，再从形式、功能、重难点等方面进行讲解，最后进行操练巩固，以达到复习的最佳效果。)Resources used Grammar Summary;The multimedia I.Revision and lead-in（复习与导入）

Show Ss how important this part is.以2011年全国各省市高考卷中出现的非谓语导入。

II.Presentation（呈现）(on screen)归纳总结1 非谓语动词在句中所作的成分： 归纳总结2 不定式的时态：

不定式的语态（被动）：

归纳总结3 注意点： III.Practice（操练）高考链接

1．（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

2.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost 3.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 4.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

5．（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried

6．（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed

8.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep IV.Language in Use.（操练巩固—运用—提升）1．主语： 1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。

2.放弃吸烟是对的。

2.宾语： 1.因为Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。

2.他答应不告述任何人这事。

3.表语： 1.我的工作是教英语。

2.眼见为实。

4.定语： 1.你有什么要说的吗?

2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人 5.状语：1.He spoke loudly(so as / in order)to be heard.（——————状语）

2.They jumped with joy to hear the news.（———————状语）3.I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.（———————状语）

6.宾补： 1.她叫我呆在这儿。

2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。

7.——————————: To be honest, I know nothing about it.to be honest, to tell(you)the truth说实话, to be frank坦白地说, to be exact确切地说, to begin with首先, to make a long story short长话短说, to be sure当然、肯定, to sum up总之 etc.V.Another practice（如果时间允许）(If time permits)VII.Homework（作业）

导与练P92-94

2011年高考真题英语单项选择—非谓语分类汇编（全部）

注：全国卷I、全国卷II、北京、上海、山东、湖北、江西、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、四川、辽宁、天津、陕西、重庆、湖南（17省市卷，广东卷没有单项选择）

1.(2011全国卷I)27.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen

2.（2011全国卷II）15.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined

3.（2011全国卷II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C.to say D.saying

4.（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

5.（2011北京卷）33.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept

6.(2011上海卷)27.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained 7.(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved

8.(2011上海卷)33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C.realizing D.being realized

9.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost

10.（2011山东卷）27.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead

11.（2011江西卷）32.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C.saying D.to say

12.（2011江苏卷）31.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared

13.（2011安徽卷）30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 14.（2011浙江卷）14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost

15.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 16.（2011福建卷）23.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded

17.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

18.（2011四川卷）2.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study

19.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

20.（2011四川卷）16._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer

21.（2011辽宁卷）30.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering

22.（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 23.（2011天津卷）12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 24.（2011陕西卷）14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

25.（2011陕西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making B.made C.to make D.having made

26.（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised

27.（2011重庆卷）33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.renmind

28.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 29.(2011湖南卷)23.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected

30.(2011湖南卷)29.Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt

第五篇：非谓语动词教案

局门路

赵维

高考英语翻译题型的方法与技巧

一、分析句子结构，把握句子主干部分。1.掌握各种从句

1.状语从句有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等，它的位置比较自由，可以在句首或是句末。以下是考题中的一些难点，也往往是学生最容易犯错的地方。

例1保护环境是每个公民的职责。(it„)(2002年上海春季)全句译为：It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.这里it作形式主语，真正的主语是to protect our environment。It作形式主语或形式宾语在翻译中是个难点。再如：正是你的帮助使得我们有可能在旅游的季节住到一个中国人的家里。It was your help that made it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.这里用it作形式宾语即make it possible的句型。而整个句子又是为“It is/was„that„”的强调句式。看到中文表述“正是„„”，往往可能用到强调句。

2.定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的。在中文中一般位于名词或代词前；而在英语中，紧随名词代词之后。我们可以根据中文进行判断：限制性定语从句，中文中有“的”结构；而非限制性定语从句，则有“这指的是、这意味着”等总结上文的词出现。

例2 这张照片让我们想起了在夏令营里度过的日子。(remind)（2000年上海高考）全句译为: The picture reminds me of the days that were spent in the summer camp.该句中“在夏令营里度过的日子”是一句定语从句。days在定语从句中是充当主语的，不是状语，用that 或which，而不能用 when来引导定语从句。

不管翻译何种定语从句时都要注意：1）定语从句紧跟在先行词后；2）先行词不能重复在从句中出现；3）选择正确的关系代词和副词。

局门路

赵维

3.名词性从句一般由that, whether, if以及疑问代词或疑问副词引导的。以疑问代词或副词引导的宾语从句往往是考题中的难点。

例3我觉得便宜的物品未必质量一定不好。(necessarily)全句译为: I don’t think cheap articles are necessarily bad in quality.该句的中文似乎有些拗口，是个双重否定。若完全按照字面上翻译就成了I think cheap articles are not necessarily bad。但是，根据英语的习惯，该句宾语从句应否定在主句。所以，句子必须由I don’t think引导。

2.非谓语

1.动词作主语应该用动名词或不定式 2.伴随状语doing及having done的用法 3.It is saidreportedknown that...此外，在翻译从句时要注意：

1）时态语态主从一致； 2）从句中要用陈述句语序。3)there be句型 4)中文语序与英文倒装

二、掌握课文短语，熟记短语搭配

在对短语的考核中，动词短语的地位是不言而喻的。高考的短语，十有八九考的是动词短语。

例1 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep)（1999年上海高考）全句译为：Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping(on)reading books from morning till night.。

该题考核点为两个动词短语：make full use of（充分利用）和keep(on)doing（不断做某事）。如果考生掌握了这两个短语的话，写出翻译句子便是水到渠成了。

局门路

赵维

例2 过去我很害羞，但今年我下定决心要变得活跃，还要交一些朋友来分享我的快乐和悲伤。(determine)全句译为: I used to be shy, but this year I’m determined to become active and make some friends to share my happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows.该题考核点为四个动词短语：used to do（过去常常做某事）, be determined to do（下定决心做某事）, make friends（交朋友）和happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows（快乐和悲伤）。

三、理解成语意义，直译不如巧译

从成语的实际意义入手，用意译的方法，用英语把中文成语的意思表达出来。如“胸有成竹”不能直译成“heart has bamboos”, 它是“很有自信”的意思，因此可以用“confident”来翻译。“三言两语”也不能翻成“three sentences and two words”, 它表示“用很少的言语”的意思，可以翻译成“in a few words”。下面通过具体实例，进一步体会以下意译的妙处。

例1 请尽早作出决定，不然你会坐失良机。(or)（2003年上海高考）全句译为：Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity.该句中“坐失良机”就是“失去好机会”的意思，千万不能翻译成“sit to lose the chance”, 这样的直译会让不少人感到莫名其妙。

例2 众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(without)（2000年上海高考）全句译为：As we all know, success comes from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done.该句中要注意的是“一事无成”不能按照字面直译成“a thing can’t be done”。

例3这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so„that„）（2003年上海高考）全句译为: The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.该句中的“引人入胜”和“爱不释手”在英文里完全找不到对等的词。首先要理解这两个词组的意义，“引人入胜”的意义实际上是“非常地吸引人”，要

局门路

赵维

用到“attractive”这个词。“爱不释手”的意思为“非常喜欢，以至于不舍得把它放到一边。”

由于英语和汉语是两种不同的语言，在结构上有很大的差异，真正意义上的对等词少而又少，所以做汉译英时，往往要摆脱原句结构的束缚，用符合英语习惯的句式来表达汉语的意思，不能字字对译。

四、增加课外阅读，积累俗语、谚语

1．如果成语、谚语和俗语的组成结构中英文相差不大，可以用直译的方法，但其中的用词要符合英语的习惯。

例1 许多外国游客都想要去长城一游，他们知道不到长城非好汉。(visit)（2002年上海春季）全句译为：Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall.They know that he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.在翻译这个俗语时，如果把“好人”翻译成“a good man”是不正确的。没有去过长城的人并不意味着不是“好人”。也不能翻译成“a real man”,这样就变成了没有去过长城的就不是“人”了。这里的“好汉”指的是顶天立地的男子汉，因此翻译成“a true man”最为妥当。

2．如果成语、谚语和俗语的组成结构中英文相差很大，可以用意译的方法。例2 他们应该从这件事情中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn)（2001上海高考）全句译为：They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.这句句子中的玩火者不能翻译成“fire player”, 把该句在理解的基础上，在口语化一些，就可以通过意译较好的把它的意思表达出来了。

因此要在这一类俗语翻译中取得高分，则一定要靠平时多积累。另外，同学们万一在考试中碰到没有见过的俗语和谚语，不必紧张，可采用意译的方法，即在充分理解有关词语所表达的寓意的基础上，将词语的意思转译成英语。