非谓语动词下篇用法归纳

第一篇：非谓语动词下篇用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明

作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有：

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。

3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏

appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划

bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习vow起

contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求

authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告

compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨

finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险

involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想

例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6)mean to do打算，有意要… mean doing意味着

7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）

9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。

4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1）不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如： ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动 ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会 chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望 courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因 decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光

determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿

5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。

6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。

7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点：

1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。

3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：

departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？

5．不定式和分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：

a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义 b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。

6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构（1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：

When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：

While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不带to的不定式

1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.让他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come．

The boy was made to go to bed early.②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：

Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。

但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。

间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。

It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

7．非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型

1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

第二篇：非谓语动词

初中英语分类练习

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作状语）

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to writeto be written

进行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成进行to have been writing

现 在 分 词主动被动

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

过去分词主动被动

一般written

动名词主动被动

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1.动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。

2.动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。

4.动词不定式作表语 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5.动词不定式作定语：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

6.不定式作状语：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

动词不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。

带疑问词的不定式：

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？

带逻辑主语的不定式：

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1)动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的被动形式 ：

（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：

1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4)动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

●分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1.分词作定语

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）

2.分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

第三篇：非谓语动词

非谓语动词专项练习

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异

体)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：非谓语动词教案

（非谓语动词）

Period 1 Infinitive(不定式)

Objectives

1.To revise Infinitive to get a better knowledge.2.To practice Infinitive to grasp more.(非谓语动词——不定式、分词和动名词——在高中学习中是一个很重要的部分。在每年的高考中，无论是全国卷还是省市卷都是必考部分，因此，对此部分的学习与掌握都是必要的。考虑到其重要性以及内容较多，决定分部分进行全面复习，从基本概念入手，再从形式、功能、重难点等方面进行讲解，最后进行操练巩固，以达到复习的最佳效果。)Resources used Grammar Summary;The multimedia I.Revision and lead-in（复习与导入）

Show Ss how important this part is.以2011年全国各省市高考卷中出现的非谓语导入。

II.Presentation（呈现）(on screen)归纳总结1 非谓语动词在句中所作的成分： 归纳总结2 不定式的时态：

不定式的语态（被动）：

归纳总结3 注意点： III.Practice（操练）高考链接

1．（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

2.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost 3.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 4.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

5．（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried

6．（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed

8.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep IV.Language in Use.（操练巩固—运用—提升）1．主语： 1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。

2.放弃吸烟是对的。

2.宾语： 1.因为Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。

2.他答应不告述任何人这事。

3.表语： 1.我的工作是教英语。

2.眼见为实。

4.定语： 1.你有什么要说的吗?

2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人 5.状语：1.He spoke loudly(so as / in order)to be heard.（——————状语）

2.They jumped with joy to hear the news.（———————状语）3.I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.（———————状语）

6.宾补： 1.她叫我呆在这儿。

2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。

7.——————————: To be honest, I know nothing about it.to be honest, to tell(you)the truth说实话, to be frank坦白地说, to be exact确切地说, to begin with首先, to make a long story short长话短说, to be sure当然、肯定, to sum up总之 etc.V.Another practice（如果时间允许）(If time permits)VII.Homework（作业）

导与练P92-94

2011年高考真题英语单项选择—非谓语分类汇编（全部）

注：全国卷I、全国卷II、北京、上海、山东、湖北、江西、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、四川、辽宁、天津、陕西、重庆、湖南（17省市卷，广东卷没有单项选择）

1.(2011全国卷I)27.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen

2.（2011全国卷II）15.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined

3.（2011全国卷II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C.to say D.saying

4.（2011北京卷）25.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated

5.（2011北京卷）33.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept

6.(2011上海卷)27.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained 7.(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved

8.(2011上海卷)33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C.realizing D.being realized

9.(2011上海卷)40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost

10.（2011山东卷）27.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead

11.（2011江西卷）32.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C.saying D.to say

12.（2011江苏卷）31.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared

13.（2011安徽卷）30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 14.（2011浙江卷）14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost

15.（2011浙江卷）19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C.to be cheered D.were cheered 16.（2011福建卷）23.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded

17.（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold

18.（2011四川卷）2.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study

19.（2011四川卷）11.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

20.（2011四川卷）16._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer

21.（2011辽宁卷）30.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering

22.（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 23.（2011天津卷）12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 24.（2011陕西卷）14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

25.（2011陕西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making B.made C.to make D.having made

26.（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised

27.（2011重庆卷）33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.renmind

28.(2011湖南卷)21.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 29.(2011湖南卷)23.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected

30.(2011湖南卷)29.Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt

第五篇：非谓语动词(教案)

非谓语动词（教案）

在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：

1．相同之处：

1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：

1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的语态

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：

1．作主语

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语

（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）

6．动名词的体式和语态

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词

分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表语：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：

1)作时间或原因状语：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.