非谓语动词典型试题讲解

第一篇：非谓语动词典型试题讲解

非谓语动词典型试题讲解

1.His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself _______.A.understood B.understand C.be understood D.to understand 答案是 A 答：常考题，make himself understood 是make others understand him的另一种说法。让自己被理解=让别人理解他，也就是听懂他的话的意思。还有一个是make oneself heard.（让别人听得见自己的说话声），一般都是make sth.done句式。2.They found the lecture hard _______ A.to be understood B.to understand C.being understood D.understood 答案是B 答：首先你要掌握这个句型：The lecture is hard to understand.这个讲座很难懂。sth.is +adj.+及物动词。不定式动词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，可改为To understand the lecture is hard.或It is hard to understand the lecture.然后再记They found(that)the lecture was hard to understand.最后记：They found the lecture hard to understand.found后跟的是复合宾语。lecture是它的宾语，hard to understand是形容词短语作宾语补足语。两句话的意思是一样的。

3.She is going to town__________.A.repairing her watch B.for repairing her watch C.to have repaired her watch D.to have her watch repaired 答案是D 答：这又是一个have sth.done句式。表示“让某事被做”。这里就是拿表去市区让人给修一下。4.I have no objection ________ the evening with them.A.to spend B.spending C.of spending D.to spending 答案是D 答: to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形；to有时候是介词，后跟名词，还跟动名词！你要记住这少数几个常考的，容易误以为是不定式的介词to的短语，这是其中一个。有一个简单的方法，当to作介词时，其意思不外“对。。来说”，“到。。上”如look forward to , be used to , stick to , 这里就是：对于和他们一起过夜这件事，我没有反对意见。

5.Over 80,000 people are reported ______ in the big earthquake which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.A.being killed B.having been C.to have been killed D.killed 答案是C 答：这是据说/据报道的固定句型：sb / sth is said to do/to be doing/have done =it is said / reported that-从句。不定式的时态取决于句子的语境。

此题which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.说明事情已经发生了，所以用不定式的完成时的被动语态，have been done.6.My good friend Rose went to the party with her husband, _____ a happy evening of wine, food and song A.expecting B.to expect C.expected D.having expected 答案是A 答：现在分词做伴随状语，表示主动。不定式做状语表示目的，意思是为了。C选项是过去分词做状语表被动。Rose被期望...，显然不对。

7.Five people won the “China’s Green Figure ” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environment protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 答案是C 答：过去分词做定语。表示被动和完成。是“被给予”的意思。

A选项是现在分词的被动式，表示进行和被动。是“正被给予”的意思。显然不对。8._____ from the plane, the clouds below are just like cotton fields.A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.Being seen 答案是C 答：过去分词做状语表被动，clouds云彩被看。

D选项 being seen是现在分词的被动，表示进行和被动。也就是clouds正在被看。

第二篇：非谓语动词

初中英语分类练习

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作状语）

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to writeto be written

进行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成进行to have been writing

现 在 分 词主动被动

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

过去分词主动被动

一般written

动名词主动被动

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1.动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。

2.动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。

4.动词不定式作表语 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5.动词不定式作定语：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

6.不定式作状语：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

动词不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。

带疑问词的不定式：

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？

带逻辑主语的不定式：

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1)动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的被动形式 ：

（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：

1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4)动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

●分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1.分词作定语

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）

2.分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

第三篇：非谓语动词

非谓语动词专项练习

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异

体)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：非谓语动词专项讲解(一)

一、非谓语动词概说

顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的一种动词形式。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。

二、动词不定式

1.不定式的构成与特征

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，一般由“to ＋ 动词原形”构成。它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，可以带宾语或状语。例如：

At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已。（不定式起形容词作用，同时带有宾语和状语）

2.不定式的功能与用法

1）作主语

It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很难想像出一个比这更不适合居住的地方。

（it作形式主语，to imagine a more inhospitable place为真正的主语）

2）作表语

The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.这个公约的目的是防止商业和军事上使用这个洲。

3）作宾语

He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.他很高兴遇到两个外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。

注意：两个不定式并列时，第二个不定式to省略。例如： People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon.人们喜欢在夜晚聚在一起赏月。（watch the moon 与to meet in the evening为两个并列的不定式，故watch前省略了to。这两个不定式均作like的宾语。）

能够接不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, try, wait, want, wish等。

【透视高考题】

真题：

I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded(2005 天津)简析：考查不定式作宾语。want后接不定式，而且sound是连系动词，不用被动语态。所以A是正确答案。sound like听起来像是。

4）作宾语补足语

We saw her enter a restaurant.我们看见她走进一家餐馆。

I want you to come to my birthday party.我要你来参加我的生日聚会。

注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。”

能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等。

5）作定语

Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know?你想结交更多的朋友却感到与陌生人交流信心不足吗？

注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词不可省略。例如：Give me a pen to write with.给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词 ＋ which ＋ 不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new appartment.这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱来买房子。

【透视高考题】

真题：

This company was the first ___ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A.producingB.to produceC.having producedD.produced

(2005 上海春)

简析：考查不定式作定语。在first, last等词后，要用不定式作定语。故B正确。

6）作状语

I am very happy to meet you.我很高兴见到您。

注意：

①有的语法学家将形容词后的不定式归到宾语。这类形容词有： afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。

②在强调目的状语时，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我们所说的“in order to/so as to”词组。有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to不用于句首。

③在so...as to, enough to, only to, too...to等结构中，不定式表示结果。例如：

Will you be so kind as to open the window?

劳驾您打开窗户好吗？

He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.他到达机场（结果）却发现飞机已经起飞了。

【透视高考题】

真题：

__ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.Having improved D.Improved

(2006 上海春)

简析：考查不定式作目的状语。分词一般不能作目的状语，故选B。

3.不定式的否定结构

不定式的否定结构由“not ＋ 不定式”构成，简言之，to前加not。例如：

She finally decided not to marry him.她最终决定不嫁给他。

4.“疑问词＋不定式”结构

疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可构成一种特殊的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句。同样一句话，英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达，意思没有区别。试比较：

我不知道该怎么办。

I don’t know what I should do.(宾语从句，较正式)

I have no idea(of)what I should do.(同位语从句，较正式)

I don’t know what to do.(疑问词＋不定式结构作宾语，简洁，较口语化)

I have no idea(of)what to do.(疑问词＋不定式结构作同位语，简洁，较口语化)

注意：在 Why(not)do sth.? 这个句式里，不定式不带to，例如：Why not try again? 为

什么不再试试？

5.不定式的复合结构

有时候不定式前有自己的逻辑主语，用for来引出，结构为： for ＋ 名词（代词宾格）＋ 不定式。例如：

It is necessary for us to master at least one foreign language.我们至少掌握一门外语是很有必要的。

注意：有些形容词后接这种结构时，不用介词for，而用of。例如： It’s very kind of you to do so.你这样做真是太客气了。这类形容词还有：silly, bad, nice, honest, stupid, clever, wise, wrong等。

6.不定式的时态与语态形式

所谓不定式的时态和语态形式是指不定式有完成式、进行式和被动式。例如：

I am very happy to have met your mother.见到了你的母亲我非常高兴。

Her English seems to be improving.她的英语似乎在长进。

【透视高考题】

真题：

The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causingB.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused

(2004 上海)

简析：考查不定式的被动式。这是个被动语态句型：sb./ sth.is believed to do / be done / doing / have done / have been done，根据句意，应该用被动式，故选C。

三、动名词

1.动名词的构成与特征

动名词是由“动词原形 ＋ ing”构成，与现在分词的构成完全相同。顾名思义，动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：

Would you mind my closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗？

2.动名词的功能与用法

1）作主语

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.泼出去的水收不回。

注意：在It is no use...;It is no good...;It is great fun...等这些句子结构中，其后习惯接动名词。

2）作表语

His job is fixing computers.他的工作是修电脑。

3）作动词宾语

Have you finished writing the article? 你写完那篇文章了吗？

She suggested going there by air, as plane tickets are very cheap.由于机票很便宜，她建议乘飞机去那里。

有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，这类动词常见的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest等；短语动词有give up, insist on等。为了帮助大家记忆，现将最常用的10个动词的首字母缩略在一起：MEPSKARFI（梅不是咖啡）（M-mind, E-enjoy, P-practise, S-stop, suggest, K-keep, A-avoid, R-risk, F-finish, I-insist on）。

【透视高考题】

真题1：

The parents suggested ________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleepB.to sleepC.sleeping D.having slept(2006 上海春)简析：考查动名词作宾语。suggest后有三种情况：

1）意为“建议”，后接动名词作宾语，如此句，所以C为正确答案；

2）后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用“（should）+动词原形”；

3）表示“暗示”含义，后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用陈述语气。

真题2：

When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _______.A.to arrive;leavingB.to arrive;to leave

C.arriving;leavingD.arriving;to leave(2005 北京)简析：考查动名词作宾语。remember后接动名词作宾语表示“记得已经做过的事”。remember to do sth.表示“记住去做某事”，即表示没有做的事。根据句意，前后都应填动名词，指已经发生过的事情，故C正确。

4）作介词宾语

I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.我给他和他的妻子写了一封感谢信，因为他们帮助了我。

【透视高考题】

真题：

Accustomed to ________ the steep moun?鄄tains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A.climbingB.climbC.having climbedD.have climbed(2005 上海春)简析：考查动名词作介词宾语。be accustomed to是个词组，表示“习惯于（某事）”，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故A正确。

5）作定语

The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.铁幕是政治家温斯顿·丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧与西欧的分界线。

3.动名词的否定结构

动名词的否定结构是由“not ＋ 动名词”构成。例如：

I am sorry for not handing in my homework on time.我很抱歉没有按时交作业。

4.动名词的时态与语态形式

所谓动名词的时态形式是指动名词有一般式和完成式两种，语态形式是说动名词有被动式。

5.动名词的复合结构

动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就形成了动名词的复合结构。其构成形式为：“名词所有格（或物主代词）＋动名词”。例如：

Mary’s coming late made the teacher very angry.玛丽的迟到让老师很生气。

【透视高考题】

真题：

I really can’t understand ________ her like that.A.you treatB.you to treatC.why treat D.you treating(2005 安徽)简析：考查动名词复合结构。understand后接动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名

词的复合结构作宾语时，其动名词的逻辑主语可以用物主代词，也可以用人称代词宾格。此句中可用your treating 或you treating，故选D。

6.动名词与不定式的比较

动名词与不定式有许多相同或相似的用法，容易混淆，现将二者的异同点作一比较。

1）相同之处。下列句子的表达既可用动名词，也可用不定式，意义上无区别。眼见为实。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.他爱玩电脑游戏。He likes playing computer games.He likes to play computer games.我的工作是教你英语。My job is teaching you English.My job is to teach you English.2）不同之处。下列情况用动名词与用不定式会有不同的效果和意义。

A)动名词的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语则是句子本身的主语。试比较：I hate smoking.我讨厌吸烟。（相当于说：I hate people smoking.）

I hate to smoke.我不爱吸烟。（相当于说：I don’t smoke as I dislike it.）

B)动名词表示一般的或抽象的多次性动作，而不定式则表示具体的一次性动作。试比较：I like seeing English films.我喜欢看英文电影。

Would you like to see the English film tonight? 今晚你想看英文电影吗？

C)有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，而有些动词就只能接不定式。这些动词我们在前面已有归纳，这里不再赘述。

D)有不少动词后面既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有：attempt, begin, continue, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。有些动词后接动名词与不定式，意思会有所不同。试比较：

I regret telling you the truth.我后悔对你讲了真相。（动名词表示过去已发生的事情）I regret to tell you that I cannot come.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来。（不定式表示现在）E)有些动词后面接动名词主动式表示被动意义，而接不定式则要用被动式。试比较： The car needs repairing.汽车需要修理。（repairing为主动式表示被动含义）

The car needs to be repaired.汽车需要修理。（to be repaired为被动式表示被动含义）

第五篇：通过幽默句子学非谓语动词(推荐)讲解

通过幽默句子学非谓语动词

2007-10-09 16:18【大 中 小】 【我要纠错】

蓝色字体为语法现象概述，红色字体是例句要点。

动词不定式（基本形式、句法作用（5种）、否定形式、和疑问词连用）

动名词（作主语、作宾语、只能用动名词的动词或句型（12种））

分词（作定语、作宾补、作状语、作表语）

易混知识一：动词后接不定式和动名词的区别

易混知识二：动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补的区别

易混知识三：need, require, want后跟不定式和动名词的区别

易混知识四：不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省略介词

动词不定式

1．不定式的基本形式to + 动词原形

Roger: Dad, when I grow up I want to drive a big army tank.Dad: Well, son, if that’s what you want, I won’t stand in your way.Roger: 爸爸，长大后我想开大坦克。

爸爸：好的，儿子，如果那是你的选择，我不会挡你的路。

考点：

1、动词不定式作宾语，有将来之意，将来开坦克；

2、when：在…的时候，引导时间状语从句；grow up：长大；

3、if：如果，引导条件状语从句；what疑问词引导表语从句；

4、won’t = will not：不会，表意愿；stand in your way挡你的路。

Teacher: Why are you writing so fast?

Janie: I want to finish this essay before my pen run out of ink.老师：为什么你写得这么快？

Janie：我想在我的钢笔墨水用完前写完这篇文章。

考点：

1、动词不定式作宾语，有将来之意，将来完成文章；

2、why疑问副词构成特殊问句；

3、are writing谓语动词是现在进行时，表示现在正在写；

4、程度副词so修饰方式副词fast，so fast修饰动词write；

5、before引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前；

6、run out of用完，注意主语是pen。

2．不定式的句法作用：

1）作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。

It may surprise you to learn that he is part Italian(意大利人).His wig(假发)comes from Venice(威尼斯).得知他有意大利血统可能你感到奇怪，他的假发来自威尼斯。

注：有些人整容的零件来是世界各地，他们是多国混血儿。

考点：

1、to learn that he is part Italian是真正主语；

2、may情态动词表推测，意为“可能；也许”，用于肯定句中；

3、引导词that引导宾语从句，本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。

It’s useful to learn English well.考点：

1、to learn English well.是真正的主语；

2、well副词好，注意不能用形容词good；

It’s important for us to protect environment.注：当在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.（你是一个又好（kind, good, nice）又聪明(clever)的家伙）。

It’s very kind of you to lend me money.考点：lend me money的主语是you，所以用lend，不用borrow；

2）作宾语

注：（1）一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。（想、希望、打算的时候，事情还没做，所以用不定式表示将来之意。）

场景再现：一个乞丐坐在街角，两只手各拿一顶帽子。有人问“另一个帽子是干什么用的”？乞丐回答：

“Business has been so great lately that I decided to open a branch office.” “最近生意兴隆，我决定开一家分店”。

考点：

1、to open a branch office.作decide的宾语；

2、so…..that引导结果状语从句；

3、has been…..现在完成时，生意一直好到现在，所以用现在完成式；

4、程度副词so修饰great，lately时间副词修饰整个句子；

5、注意decided用过去式因为是过去作的决定；

6、第一次提及branch office（分公司），前面加不定冠词a。

Clerk: Would you like to buy one of our new mountain bikes, sir?

Customer: I would, but the price is too steep.Clerk：你想买我们一辆新山地车吗，先生？

顾客：我想买，但价格太不合理了（太陡峭了）。

注：steep：陡峭的；不合理的。

考点：

1、to buy one of our new mountain bikes作宾语；

2、Would you like to……常用的征求意见的句型；

3、mountain名词作定语；

4、one泛指同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。

Marty: Are you making any New Year’s resolutions（决心）this year?

Mel: Yes.I plan not to be so insulting（侮辱）to people.Marty: Ha!Knowing your temperament(脾气), how long do you plan to keep that resolution?

Mel: The whole year, you stupid idiot!

Marty：今年你又下了什么新年决心没有？

Mel：我计划不再那么侮辱人。

Marty：哈！知道你的脾气，这个决心你计划保持多长时间？

Mel：全年，你这个愚蠢的笨蛋！

注：New Year’s resolution新年计划，很多人新年时下决心计划做很多事情。

考点：

1、not to be so….不定式作宾语，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not；

2．To keep….不定式作宾语；

3、注意make New Year’s resolution：制定新年计划（决心新的一年里做什么事）； New Year前不加冠词；

4、how long “多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问；

5、that resolution中that形容词：那个，用单数，(复数为those)；

6、You stupid idiot!感叹句，意思是：你这个愚蠢的笨蛋！

Club manager（俱乐部经理）: Your last joke was so bad it put the audience to sleep.What do you plan to do about it?

Comedian（喜剧演员）: Copyright（申请版权）it and sell it as a cure for insomnia（失眠）.俱乐部经理：你上一个笑话很糟糕，观众都睡着了，你打算怎么办？

喜剧演员：申请版权当治疗失眠的药卖。

考点：

1、to do(what)about it做plan的宾语，注意it指讲笑话把观众讲睡着那件事；

2、it put audience to sleep：观众都睡着了；to sleep作put的宾补；it指糟糕的笑话；

3、so…(that)(省略that)引导结果状语从句；

4、and连接两个祈使句。

（2）在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

I find it difficult to read English every day.Those that think it permissible（可允许的）to tell white lies soon grow colorblind.那些认为可以说善意谎言的人不久就变成了色盲。（高中水平）

注：white lie: 善意的谎言。这句话的意思是最后也分不清谎言是不是善意的了。

3）宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

The father asked his son to pide candy with his younger brother.“How did you pide them, then?”

“It is difficult to pide three pieces between two people, so I ate one first.”

父亲让男孩和他弟弟分糖吃。

“你怎么分的”？

“两个人分三块糖太难了，所以我先吃了一块”。

考点：

1、to pide candy with his younger brother.为宾补，his son是逻辑主语；

2、to pide three pieces between two people为真正的主语，it为形式主语；

3、介词with….和…..（分）；

4、younger brother弟弟，younger较年轻的；

5、How引导特殊疑问句，是过去分的，所以用过去式；

6、candy为不可数名词，三块糖用three pieces；

7、介词between指“在……(两者)之间”，不用“among”，people为复数；

8、连词so连接两个句子，so不能与because同时出现在一个句子里；

8、one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一；

9、副词first（首先）修饰ate。

注：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时，常省去不定式符号to，had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to，help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。

How do you make a hot dog stand?

Take away its chair.怎样使热狗站着？

拿走它的椅子。

考点：

1、stand为宾补，是不带to的不定式；

2、动词词组take away：拿走；

3、its单数形容词性物主代词。

Why did the boy throw the clock out of the window?

Because he wanted to see time fly.为什么这个小男孩把钟表扔出窗外？

因为他想看着时光飞逝。

考点：

1、fly为不带to的不定式作see的宾补；

2、to see time fly.作为want的宾语；

3、out of侧重由里向外，意为“从窗子里面飞出来”，而from侧重起点，意为“从…”；

4、the boy, the clock, the window用定冠词the都是双方都知道的人和事；

5、because（因为）回答提问（why）。

Is your refrigerator running?

It is? Well, you’d better go and catch it!

你的冰箱运转吗？（你的冰箱在跑吗？）

它跑吗？好了，你最好去抓住他。

注：Run:运转；跑

考点：

1、had better后面跟不带to的不定式；

2、running表示正在进行，意思是“现在正在运转（跑）”；

场景再现：病人手术后醒过来，外科医生对他说，“恐怕还要给你做次手术，我把橡胶手套落在你肚里了。你猜病人怎么说，病人说：

Well, if it’s just because of them, I’d rather pay for them if you would just leave me alone.”

“如果就这点儿事儿，你让我安静会儿吧，我愿意付你手套钱”。

考点：

1、would rather后面跟不带to的不定式；

2、两个if都是引导条件状语从句；

3、because of后面跟代词，表原因；

4、leave me alone不用管我，让我安静会儿。

场景再现：船如果下沉，船长一般不能苟且偷生，船长说：

The ship is sinking.We must try and save it.Help me get it into the lifeboat.(救生艇)

船正在下沉，我们一定要努力救它，帮帮我把它放到救生艇上去。

考点：

1、get it into the lifeboat作help的宾补，不带to；

2、sinking用现在进行时表示船正在下沉；

3、must 表主观看法，“必须”“应该”；

4、into介词，意思是“到…..里面”。

Holly: The doctor’s helping me lose weight with these three pills.This red one’s for before dinner.That green one’s for after dinner.Ivy: And what’s the pink one for?

Holly: The pink one is dinner.Holly：医生正用这3颗药丸帮助我减肥，红的饭前吃，绿的饭后吃。

Ivy：那粉红的干什么用？

Tillie：粉红的是饭。

考点：

1、lose weight作help的宾补，不带to；

2、介词with：用，表手段；

3、one指上文中提到的药丸中的一个；

4、for介词：为….（准备的）；

5、before：在…..之前；after介词：在….之后。

但make, see, hear 等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to。

The ship was helped to get into the lifeboat.（救生艇）

4）作定语

动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

Junior: I’m going to ask my dad to help me with my math homework.Teacher: Now, you know that wouldn’t be right.Junior: Probably not, but at least I’d have something to hand in.小孩：我想要我爸爸帮我做数学作业。

教师：现在，你知道那是不对的。

小孩：可能不对，但至少我有东西可交。

注：小孩理解成老师担心他爸爸作错作业。

考点：

1、something to hand in.（可交上的东西）；

2、am going to +动词原形(ask)，计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定很可能发生的事；

3、ask后面跟带to的宾补（to help me with my math homework.）；

4、with my math homework注意用介词with；

5、老师心中的that指代前面提到的让爸爸做作业这件事；小孩心中的that指答案；

6、Probably not为省略句，全句为：The answer probably is not right.7、but连接具有转折含义的句子；

8、at least副词词组，至少。

Antal: I wish I had enough money to buy a dinosaur.(恐龙)

Donald: What would you do with a dinosaur?

Antal: Who wants the dinosaur, I just want the money.甲：我希望我有买恐龙的钱。

乙：你要恐龙干什么？

甲：谁要恐龙，我只是想要那么多钱。

考点：

1、to buy a dinosaur动词不定式可以理解成作定语，买恐龙的钱，也可理解成作状语，目的是为了买恐龙；

2、what引导特殊疑问句；

3、with介词：用；

4、who引导不需回答的疑问句。

5）作状语

Boss: You’ve got to find a way to make fewer mistakes on the job.Worker: Okay.How about if I come in later in the morning?

老板：你必须要找到一种方法减少工作上的错误。

工人：好，我早上晚点儿来怎么样？

考点：

1、to make fewer mistakes on the job不定式作目的状语；

2、have(got)to与must表必须意思相近。Have to表客观需要“不得不”，must更多的强调主观上的原因；

3、fewer形容词比较级修饰可数名词；而less修饰不可数名词；

4、on介词：在……方面；

5、how about征求意见：怎么样；

6、come in in指进办公室的意思；

7、in the morning固定用法，用定冠词。

The doctor wants to find a suitable stone to transplant（移植）the heart for the lawyer.这个医生想找一块合适的石头给一个律师移植心脏。

注：律师铁石心肠，就知道挣钱，这回犯在医生的手里了。

考点：

1、to transplant（移植）the heart for the lawyer.不定式作目的状语；

2、to find……不定式作宾语从句；

3、for介词：为。

Rich: Why do you work so hard?

Mitch: I’m too nervous to steal.Rich：你为什么工作这么努力？

Mitch：我太紧张了，不敢偷东西

考点：

1、不定式作结果状语；

2、程度副词so修饰方式副词hard，hard修饰work（注意：hardly：几乎不）；

3、too….to….句型：太….而不能…。

Father, showing Sam the family picture album[相片册]:

“And that’s Mom and me on our wedding day.”

Sam: “Is that the day Mom came to work for us?

父亲给Sam看家庭相片册：这是你妈妈和我在我们的婚礼上。

Sam：是从那天妈妈来我们家开始给我们干活的吗？

考点：

1、动词不定式作状语；

2、that’s Mom and me谓语动词用单数，它要与临近的名词一致；

3、on our wedding day介词用on，表示具体某一天。

3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not.I plan not to be so insulting（侮辱）to people.4．不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

Study is for people who don’t know how to play.学习是为不会玩儿的人准备的。

注：不爱学习的人的歪言论。

动名词

动名词由“动词原形 + ing”构成，它具有名词和动词的特征，它起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，它也可以有自己的宾语和状语。

1．作主语

Don’t believe “Seeing is believing” especially when you watch the magic performance.（魔术表演）

不要相信“眼见为实“，特别是当你看魔术表演时。

考点：动名词作主语和表语；

2．作宾语，动名词可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾语

“Do you love music?

Yes, but never mind, you may continue playing.“你喜欢音乐吗”？

“喜欢，但没关系，你可以继续演奏”。

注：第二个人回答的潜台词是你演奏的很差。

考点：

1、playing作动词宾语；

2、助动词do开头的一般疑问句，Yes为肯定回答；

3、but表意思转折；祈使句never mind：没关系，不用担心；

4、may表允许，意为“可以”。

场景再现：获奖感言：

I’m not interested in the Noble Art ……only in winning the Noble Prize.我对诺贝尔艺术奖没有兴趣——只对获得诺贝尔奖金感兴趣。

考点：

1、winning the Noble Prize是动名词作介宾；

2、interested作表语，主语是“I”。

Thank you for respecting me(介词宾语)谢谢你尊敬我。

注：有些动词和句型只能用动名词

（1）enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事

I enjoy singing loudly in class.我喜欢上课时大声唱歌。

（2）mind doing sth.和mind sb’s doing sth.介意做某事，反对做某事

Would you mind using simpler language in your speech?

I wouldn’t mind, but I don’t know how.您演讲时是不是可以用简单一点儿的语言？

当然可以，但我不知道怎么讲。

注：演讲时习惯堆积辞藻，故作高深。

考点：

1、would you mind doing…为常用句型，客气地询问对方的意见：您介意……吗？如果回答是肯定的，用of course not：当然不介意；

2、simpler形容词比较级修饰language；

3、I wouldn’t mind.我不介意；

3、how省略了how to use simpler language，为宾语从句。

Doctor: Nobody lives forever.Patient: I wouldn’t mind trying.医生：谁也不能长生不死。

病人：我不介意试试。

注：医生劝病人想开点儿，病人倒真想得开，想试试能不能长生不老。

考点：

1、I wouldn’t mind doing sth.我不介意做某事；

2、复合不定代词Nobody后面跟单数动词；

3、副词forever修饰动词live；

（3）stop sb.from doing sth.和prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事

How do you stop an elephant from going through the eye of a needle?

Tie a knot[结] in his tail.怎样不让大象通过针眼？

在大象尾巴上打一个结。

注：脑筋急转弯。

考点：

1、stop an elephant from going through阻止大象通过…..2、注意an elephant，用不定冠词an；

3、a needle用a表示一类东西——针，eye前用the表示某个针的针眼；

4、In his tail用形容词性物主代词his，大象拟人化。

（4）practice doing sth.We should practice speaking English as often as possible.（5）finish doing sth.Before 2008 we will finish building the Olympic Park.（6）feel like doing sth.想要做某事

场景再现：美国人这么教育下一代：

The next time you feel like complaining, remember: Your garbage disposal [处理器] probably eats better than thirty percent of the people in this world.下次你再想抱怨时，记住你的垃圾箱可能吃得比世界上30%的人都好。

考点：

1、feel like complaining想抱怨；

2、The next time时间副词引导时间状语从句；

3、better than两个事物的比较；

4、thirty percent：30%，percent为单数；

5、in the world 用定冠词，因为world是独一无二的事物。

Feel like后面可以跟名词

Whenever I feel like exercise, I lie down until the feeling passes.每当我想锻炼时，我就躺下直到这种感觉消失。

注：这个人是真不想锻炼。

（7）be used to doing sth.习惯做某事

I’m most used to talking on the topic: Me.我最习惯谈论的话题是：我。

注：人们都愿意谈论自己。

考点：副词most：最，修饰形容词used（习惯的）。

（8）spend…..(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事

A bore(讨厌鬼)is a man who spends so much time talking about himself that you can’t talk about yourself.讨厌鬼就是他大部分时间都在谈论他自己，以至于你没有时间谈论你自己。

注：人人都有表现自己的欲望，如果有人只顾自己表现，不给你机会表现，那他们就是讨厌鬼。

考点：

1、spends so much time talking about himself花大部分时间谈论自己；

2、who引导man的定语从句；关系代词who在从句中作主语，不可省略；

3、so…..that引导结果状语从句；

4、so much修饰不可数名词time；

5、can’t情态动词：不能。

6、himself, yourself反身代词。

1st Teenager: I spend ages in front of the mirror admiring my beauty.Do you think it’s vanity（虚荣）?

2nd Teenager: No.imagination.十几岁的（女孩）1：我在镜子前花了很多时间欣赏自己的美丽，你认为这是虚荣吗？

十几岁的（女孩）2：不是，是想象。

考点：

1、spend ages admiring my beauty花了很多时间欣赏自己的美丽；

2、in front of the mirror 因为人站在镜子前，没站在镜子里，所以front前面不用the；比较in the front of the room.在房间前面，指在房间里面的前面；

3、beauty为beautiful的名词；

注意：下面的spend后面可跟动词不定式，表示将要做的事情。

我想要一个克服了所有麻烦的房子，I don’t want to spend the rest of my life to bring up a young and inexperienced house.我不想花费余生带大一个年轻没有经验的房子。

注：年轻没有经验的房子指贷款买的房子，刚交了首付，需要还月供。

（9）be worth doing sth.值得做某事

场景再现：有人问你有个地方值不值得去看，你说：

Worth seeing: Yes, but not worth going to see.值得看，但不值得去看。

注：考虑到花在路上的时间就不值得了。

考点：

1、(It’s)worth seeing值得看。

2、to see为不定式作目的状语。

（10）have fun doing sth和have a good time doing sth.尽情做某事，做某事很快乐

They had fun climbing the mountain last Sunday.（11）have trouble/ problem/ a hard time doing sth.做某事很困难

I had a hard time speaking English in front of the class.（12）thank sb.for doing sth.因某事感谢某人

场景再现：北京要对拥堵的交通做些什么了，它竖起标牌写着：

Thank you for not driving.感谢您不开车!常考知识清单三 分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、宾补、状语和表语。现在分词-ing，有主动、进行之意，过去分词-ed，有被动、完成之意。注意它们都有不规则形式。

1．作定语 分词与中心词之间有动宾关系

China is a developing country.Japan is a developed country.（玩笑：I’m living in a developed family in a developing country.）

If he has a daughter named Sue and a son named Bill, you know he is a lawyer.如果他有一个女儿叫起诉[Sue]，有一个儿子叫费用[Bill]，你就知道他是一名律师。

注：律师总是鼓励人们起诉（sue），他好代理打官司收费(bill)。

2．作宾语补足语

Daisy: Who was that gorgeous man I saw you kissing last night?

Maisie: What time was it?

Daisy：昨天晚上你吻的那个光彩夺目的男人是谁？

Maisie: 什么时间？

注：吻得太多了，必须先确定时间段。

考点：

1、现在分词kissing作saw的宾补，动作的执行者是“you”，当时看着一直在吻；

2、who引导特殊疑问句，问一个人的姓名、身份；

3、I saw you kissing last night作man的定语从句；

4、What time was it？询问时间（几点、几刻）。

You should have your hair cut.(have sth done叫别人为你做某事)

3．作状语

What animal eats with its tail?

All animals do.No one takes off its tail while eating.什么动物用尾巴吃东西？（故意理解成：什么动物带着尾巴吃东西？）

所有动物，没有动物吃东西时把尾巴拿下来。

注：With:用（表手段）；带着。

考点：

1、while eating现在分词作状语，相当于while they are eating；

2、what引导特殊疑问句，泛指各种动物用what animal，如果有几个（种）动物需要选择，用which animal；

3、with介词：用，表手段；（故意理解成：带着）；

4、形容词all：所有的，修饰animals；

5、do代替eat with their tails；

6、动词词组take off：拿掉；

7、形容词性物主代词its，主语是No one，所以用单数。

4．作表语

We are excited about the exciting news.考点：

1、Excited：兴奋的，作表语，主语是“we”；

2、exciting：令人兴奋的，作定语，修饰“news”。

场景再现：获奖感言：

I’m not interested in the Noble Art ……only in winning the Noble Prize.我对诺贝尔艺术奖没有兴趣——只对获得诺贝尔奖金感兴趣。

考点：

1、interested：感兴趣的，作表语，主语是“I”；

2、动名词winning the Noble Prize.作介词in的宾语。

When I was born, I was so surprised I couldn’t talk for a year and a half.我出生时当我知道自己一年半不能说话时很吃惊。注：一年半不能说话是够郁闷的。

考点：

1、surprised感到惊讶的，主语是“I”，对比surprising令人惊讶的，主语一般是物。

2、when引导时间状语从句，是一般过去时；

3、couldn’t为can’t的过去式，表过去没有能力；

4、介词for，表一段时间；

5、a year and a half一年半。

易混知识清单一 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别

有些动词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但意义不同，要注意区分（有些动词如like, hate, love，start, begin等后接不定式和动名词意义差别不大）

Stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

Stop doing sth.停止做某事

When can a mother stop worrying about her delicate vase（花瓶）? When it’s broken.什么时候妈妈能不再担心她精美的花瓶？ 当花瓶碎了的时候。

考点：

1、stop worrying about不再担心；

2、break, broke, broken分别为动词原形、过去式、过去分词。

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一想。

考点：to think about it作目的状语。

Remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）

Remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已经发生）

The science teacher lecturing his class in biology said, Now I’ll show you this frog in my pocket.He then reached

into his pocket and pulled out a chicken sandwich.He looked puzzled for a second, thought deeply, and said, That’s

funny.I distinctly[显然] remember eating my lunch.自然课老师在生物课上说，“现在你们看看我口袋里这只青蛙”，却伸手摸出一个鸡肉三名治，他很困惑，认真回想着，“真有趣，我明明记得吃了午饭了”。

考点：

1、remember eating my lunch.记得吃了午饭了，他确实吃了；

2、in biology在生物课上，注意biology前用零冠词；

3、in my pocket介词用in，表示在口袋里面；

4、show后面跟双宾语：you和this frog；

5、into到(口袋)里面；

6、pull out拿出；

7、Chicken sandwich中chicken是名词作定语；

8、look puzzled显得困惑；

9、for a second一会儿；

10、thought为think的过去式（过去分词也为thought）;

11、That’s funny中that指摸出青蛙这件事；funny有趣的，作表语。

场景再现：妈妈嘱咐儿子：

Please rememer to eat your lunch.请记着吃午饭（还没有吃）。

Forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）

Forget doing sth忘记做过某事（动作已经发生）

I’m sorry.I bought a book that’s supposed to improve my memory--but I keep forgetting to read it.对不起，我买过一本书想增强我的记忆力——但我老是忘记读。

考点：

1、forgetting to read it.忘记读（还没读）；

2、bought用过去式是因为以前买过那本书；

3、that’s supposed to improve my memory为定语从句，修饰book；

4、improve my memory增强我的记忆力；

5、but连接表转折意思的两个句子；

6、forgetting to read it.作keep的宾语。

Jack, why do you drink so much water?

I have just had an apple but I forgot to wash it.Jack, 为什么你喝这么多水？

我刚吃了个苹果，但我忘了洗了。

考点：

1、forgot to wash it.忘了洗了（没有洗）；

2、副词so much修饰不可数名词water，注意用much；

3、I have just had an apple用现在完成时，因为已经吃完苹果，对现在造成了影响；

4、代词it指吃到肚里的苹果。

I forgot washing the apple.我忘了那个苹果洗过了。（已经洗过那个苹果了）

Try to do sth.努力去做某事

Try doing sth.试着去做某事

What are you doing in front of the mirror and with your eyes shut? I’m trying to see what I look like when I’m asleep.你闭着眼睛站在镜子前在干什么？——我努力想看看我睡着时是什么样。

考点：

1、trying to see努力看看；

2、what引导特殊疑问句，；

3、…doing….用现在进行式是表示动作正在进行；

4、in front of the mirror 在镜子前面；in the front of the room在屋子里面前面；

5、with your eyes shut眼睛闭着，shut为过去分词，（过去式也是shut）；

6、what I look like：我长什么样，作see的宾语；

7、when I’m asleep：我睡着时，作时间状语，修饰what I look like；

8、形容词asleep：睡着的。

I tried speaking animal language to him.我试着用动物语言和他谈话。

Go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着改做另外一件事

Go on doing继续不停地做某事

Go on to eat the fried chicken leg after you finish this turkey.吃完这个火鸡后，接着吃那个炸鸡腿。

Go on eating this turkey after a short rest.休息一会儿之后，继续吃火鸡。

Allow doing sth.允许做某事

Allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

We don’t allow swimming in the bathtub.我们不允许在浴缸里游泳。

We don’t allow students to laugh at teachers.我们不允许学生嘲笑老师。

易混知识清单二 动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补的区别

See, watch, hear, find, feel等感官动词，后接不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全过程已经结束或存在的事实，动名词作宾补表示动作的一部分正在进行。

Daisy: Who was that gorgeous man I saw you kissing last night?（现在分词）

Maisie: What time was it?

Daisy：昨天晚上你吻的那个光彩夺目的男人是谁？

Maisie: 什么时间？

注：吻得太多了，必须先确定时间段。

考点：

1、现在分词kissing作saw的宾补，动作的执行者是“you”，当时看时一直在吻；

2、who引导特殊疑问句；

3、I saw you kissing last night作定语从句，修饰man；

4、What time was it？询问时间。

I saw him cross the road.我看见他过了马路。

Teacher: Cassandra, if I saw a man beating a donkey and I stopped him, what virtue（美德）would I be showing?

Cassandra: Brotherly love?

老师：Cassandra，如果我看见有人在殴打一头驴，我制止了他，我显示出了什么美德？

Cassabdra：兄弟般的关爱？

考点：

1、saw a man beating a donkey 看见一个人正在殴打一头驴；

2、if引导条件状语从句。

I saw a man beat a donkey.我看见一个人殴打一头驴。（已经打完了）

易混知识清单三 need, require, want后跟不定式和动名词的区别

当need, require, want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。

The window needs cleaning.= The window needs to be cleaned.Your brain needs cleaning.= Your brain needs to be cleaned.易混知识清单四 不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词

I don’t have enough money to buy a BMW, so I have something to worry about.我没有足够的钱去买辆宝马，所以我有些担心。

Heaven is a good place to live in.天堂是一个居住的好地方。