非谓语动词导学案.

第一篇：非谓语动词导学案.

古邳中学2019届高三英语 非谓语动词导学案（7）

教学目标；非谓语动词

教学方法：讲练结合，幻动片展示 课时安排：7课时 教学过程：

第一课时：非谓语作状语 第二课时：非谓语作宾语补足语 第三课时;非谓语作定语 第四课时：不定式 第五课时：动名词 第六课时：分词 第七课时：非谓语总结 【自主学习】 【交流 展示】 【知识点复习】

动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词．

(一)不定式

不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．

1．不定式的用法：

l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如：

To see is to believe．

It is right to give up smoking．

2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如：

He wanted to go．

I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：

He asked me to do the work with him.注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如

I often hear him sing the song．

He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．如：

She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定语．例如：

I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：

He is looking for a room to live in．

There is nothing to worry about．

Please give me a knife to cut with．

但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：

He had no money and no place to live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：

A)Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you)B)Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：

I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(结果)To look at him, you would like him．(条件)目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示．如：

In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．

We ran all the way so as not to be late．

不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：

I am very glad to hear it．

The question is difficult to answer．

“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：

He is too old to do that．

另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：

The room is big enough to hold us．

6)作表语．例如：

My job is to help the patient．

7)作独立成分．例如：

To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：

He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)My question is when to start.(表语)

注意：在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to.例如: Why not have a rest?

9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以-下几点：

A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式.Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door．)B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式．

I have got a letter to write．(I write letter．)He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)I know what to do．(I do what．)但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式： I know what is to be done.这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象

C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后者去了 for one或 for people．例如：

He is hard to talk to．(to talk to him．)The book is difficult to understand.(to understand the book.)但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动式，例如：

The handwriting is very difficult to be read.The box is too heavy to be lifted．

D)在 there十 be的结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式．

There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work．)There is a lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done.)请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：

There is nothing to do.意为无事可做，感到十分乏味．

There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常．

2．不定式的时态 l)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生．例如：

I saw him go out．

2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式．例如：

I am very glad to be working with you．

3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式．例如: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.3．不定式的语态

当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside． It is possible for our hopes to be realized．

(二)动名词

1．动名词由动词十 ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语．

1)作主语．例如: Seeing is believing.Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.It is no use arguing with him.注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作．例如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless等后必需用动名词。

2)作表语．例如：

Her job is teaching.3)作宾语．例如：

He is fond of playing football．

I like swimming.注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel.like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．

注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

I remember doing the exercise.(我记得做过练习．)I must remember to do it.(我必须记着做这事．)I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里．)I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次．)Stop speaking.(不要讲话。)He stopped to talk.(他停下来讲话．)I mean to come early today.(我打算今早些来．)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour．

(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．)注③在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式．例如：

We don’t allow smoking here.We don' t allow students to smoke.注④动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义．例如：

The window needs(requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)

注⑤在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept)busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem(in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)，there’s no use／good／ need，feel／ look／seem／ like／get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式．例如：

I look forward to hearing from you soon.注⑥在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。

但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。

注⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。

注⑧在 should(would)like／ love等后须用不定式。

4)作定语．例如：

He has a reading room.2．动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．例如: His coming made me very happy．

Mary’s crying annoyed him.She didn’t mind his crying．

Is there any hope fo Xiao Wang’s winning．

3．动名词的时态和语态．

l)动名词的时态

动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式．例如: We are interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us．

如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如: I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的．例如：主语是这个动名词表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态．被动语态由“ being十过去分词”或“ having been十过去分词”构成。后一种一般避免使用．例如：

He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left at home.注：在 to be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的是被动意义．例如：

The book is worth reading．

(三)现在分词

1．分词的时态和语态

l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式．一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作．例如：

Being a student，he was interested in books．

Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．

2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态，当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式．例如：

The question being discussed is important：

Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking．

过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式．

2.分词的用法

l)作定语

分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前．例如: The man standing by the window is our teacher.The excited people rushed into the building．

注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：

The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window．

现在分词作定语的差异：

现在分词在句中作定语时，不仅存在前置与后置的区别，而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异，更好地掌握现在分词的用法，现在分别论述如下。

一、状态差异

现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲，前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学习时要注意体会这一点。

例1：The labouring people are the wisest.例2：The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes．

能前置的现在分词为数不太多，常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词，有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。

例3: I have brought very exciting news to you．

例4：This is the most exciting story that I have ever read．

二、时间差异

时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。

例5：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise? 例6：The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态，而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。

例7：They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.例8：The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.三、形式差异

从形式来看，前置现在分词多为单个分词，而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说，若用现在分词作定语，单个分词要前置，分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此，要视情况而定。要是强调动感，即使是单个分词也应后置。

例9：Look!The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary．

从内容来讲，前置现在分词多为不及物动词，没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语，不过要置于分词前，且中间要有连词符号。当然，带比较级时除外。

例10：Barking dogs seldom bite．

例 11：The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.例 12：England and America are English-speaking countries．

值得说明的是，现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应慎重。

例 13：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here．

2)作状语

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如：

Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time．(时间)The teacher stood there surrounded by the students．(方式)

注：①分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致． 注：②表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词 while或 when引出．

注：③有时“with(without)十名词(或代词宾格)十分词”的结构，表示伴随状况．例如：

He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken．

注：④当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时：分词必须有自己的主语．例如: Time permitting, I will finish another lesson．

3)作表语．例如：

The news is inspiring.The glass is broken．

4)作宾语补足语．例如： We saw the teacher making the experiement.注意：在 see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。例如：

I saw the girl getting on the tractor．

I saw the gril get on the tractor and drive off．

He had his clothes washed.(他叫别人洗了衣服)We had the fire burning all day．

(我们使火燃烧了一整天)。

注意：“ have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“ have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关．

（四）过去 分词

动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用：

过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2)过去分词做定语：

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：

The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼。

We need more qualified teachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：

Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。

3)过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：

Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。

If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

4)过去分词作补足语：

过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：

When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？

When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。

当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：

One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

They should be kept informed of the situation there.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

二、特别提醒

1.过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：

When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2.动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：

have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：

I had the workers do the job for me.我让工人们替我完成了工作。

Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。

have somebody /something doing something-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：

They had the tractor working all the time.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。

have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：

①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：

He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。

Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。

②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：

He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。

He had one eye lost in the war.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。

3.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：

the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥（表示将来的动作）

the bridge being built 正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）

the bridge built 造好的桥（表示完成的动作）

4.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：

过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶

The news is very surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。

英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused;encouraging, encouraged;disappointing, disappointed;exciting, excited;puzzling, puzzled;satisfying, satisfied;worrying, worried;tiring, tired;pleasing, pleased;interesting, interested;astonishing, astonished等。

5.过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：

过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：

boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水

developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家

fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子

changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况

由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。【质疑拓展】

1.____from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A.To see B.Seen C.Seeing D.See 2.All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.be considered B.considering C.having considered D.considered 3.______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A.Saw;frightened B.Seen;frightened C.To see;frightening D.Seeing;frightened 4.Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.When taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 5.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.begun C.beginning D.having begun 6._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A.being founded B.Founded C.It was founded D.Founding 7.If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly___A.supposed B.supposing C.to suppose D.suppose 8._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____in my study.A.locking B.to lock C.locked D.being locked 10._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at aA.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 11.Mrs.Bush stood ____for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A.surprised B.surprising C.being surprised D.to be surprised 12.____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving B.Left C.To be left D.Having left 13._____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.Being determined B.On having determined C.Determined D.To be determined 14.______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A.Being settled B.Having settled C.Settled D.Settling 15.If law-breaker ____, the society will be in disorder.A.made unpunished B.came unpunished C.not punished D.went unpunished 16.He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken B.break C.to be break D.broken 17._____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at

18._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded

scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best B.Judged the best C.Having judged the best D.Judging the best 19.A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A.mixed B.mixing C.to mix D.having mixed 20.Most of the photographers _____ to the conference were from north Europe.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having invited 21.The assistant worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.A.to have prepared B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared 22.“Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 23.The missing singer was last seen _____ the voice close to the bridge.A.exercising B.to be exercising C.exercise D.to exercise 24.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see___the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 25.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he

had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 26.The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 27.A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

【检测反馈】

1.I’m going to have my car ________.A.to be fixed B.to fix C.fixed D.to fix 2.What’s the language ______ in Germany? A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed by C.Being followed D.having been followed by 4.He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.A.to break B.broken C.break D.breaking

5.Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

6.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

7.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied

8.The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened

9.________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose

10.The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first played 11.Don’t get _________ in the rain.A.to be caught B.catching C.to catch D.caught 12.I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.A.to be stuck B.stuck C.sticking D.stick

13.---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ?---Last week.A.to paint B.painted C.painting D.to be painted 14.The children were found _________ in the cave.A.trapping B.trapped C.to be trapped D.be trapped

15.They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.A.dying, lying B.dead, lied C.death, laying D.died, lain

16.On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.A.freezing, freezing B.freezing, frozen C.frozen, frozen D.frozen, freezing 17.No one enjoys ______ fun of in public.A.making B.being made C.to be made D.to make

18.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.A.speaking B.spoken C.to be spoken D.speak

19.____from space, the earth, with water __ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A.Seen, covered B.Seen, covering C.Seeing, covering D.Seeing, covered 20.An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitedly 【教学反思】

第二篇：非谓语动词

初中英语分类练习

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作状语）

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to writeto be written

进行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成进行to have been writing

现 在 分 词主动被动

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

过去分词主动被动

一般written

动名词主动被动

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1.动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。

2.动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。

4.动词不定式作表语 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5.动词不定式作定语：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

6.不定式作状语：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

动词不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。

带疑问词的不定式：

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？

带逻辑主语的不定式：

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1)动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的被动形式 ：

（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：

1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4)动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

●分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1.分词作定语

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）

2.分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

第三篇：非谓语动词

非谓语动词专项练习

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异

体)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：非谓语动词(教案)

非谓语动词（教案）

在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：

1．相同之处：

1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：

1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的语态

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：

1．作主语

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语

（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）

6．动名词的体式和语态

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词

分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表语：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：

1)作时间或原因状语：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.

第五篇：非谓语动词教案

非

谓

语

动

词 之 现在分词

教

案

刘黎清

教学目标

1.掌握分词作定语、表语、补足语、状语（时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随等状语的用法）。2.掌握动名词作主语、宾语的用法。

教学重点

动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

教学难点

1、掌握分词、动名词在句子中的作用

2、分词作定语和状语的异同

3、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式

教学要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词作主语、宾语；

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；

教学步骤

I谓语动词目前学过的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般现在时，经常性动作）

2.V.ed

(一般过去时，过去的动作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(现在进行时，表正在进行）4.was/were + V.ing(过去进行时，过去正在进行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般将来时，将来要做的动作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(过去将来时，过去某个时间点开始的将来）7.have/has + V.过分（现在完成时，到现在为止已经做了什么）8.had + V.过分（过去完成时，到过去某个点为止已经做了什么）

II非谓语动词有几个？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.过分

III 本课重点V.ing形式 1.做主语

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水难收）

2.做宾语（只能做某些及物动词的宾语）她昨天读完了那本小说。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列动词后多用动名词做宾语

admit(承认）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，认为）mind

miss

escape(避开）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(着手）keep on

excuse(原谅）feel like(想要）

object to(反对）

3.做表语

Her job is teaching math.4.做定语

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做宾补

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做宾补，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(观看）, sense（感觉）, get（让，使）, have（让，使)等词之后

6.做状语

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(时间）

V.ing 做状语时，常表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式，伴随，结果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.这样做可以省很多时间和金钱。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主语）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起来。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（状语，表时间）3.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表语）4.他练习写字作为家庭作业。He practiced writing for homework.（宾语）5.你介意做一个关于学校生活的报告吗？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（宾语）6.拒绝邀请并不总是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主语）7.我吃完早饭后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（状语，表前后时间）8.老师给我们上了一堂写作课。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定语）9.正在读小说的男孩听到噪音后放下了书。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（状语和定语）10.如果从山上看，这个公园很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（状语，表条件）

V Homework

VI V.ing 做主语，宾语，定语，状语，宾补，表语各写5个句子。