2014年中考英语语法专题复习之非谓语动词

第一篇：2014年中考英语语法专题复习之非谓语动词

2014年中考英语语法专题复习之非谓语动词

一、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括 不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）

二、动词不定式

(一).不定式的基本形式:to+V原，不定式的否定形式:not to+V原

(二)不定式的句法功能(不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语)

1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末： a.It+be+名词+to do sth。

b.It takes sb.some time to do sth c.It+be+形容词+of /for sb +to do sth

当形容词表示人的品质时, 用of不用for.(careless，clever,good,foolish,honest, kind,lazy,nice,right, silly, stupid,wise,clever)2.不定式作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：would like,want, hope, wish,like,decide,plan, learn, pretend, refuse,.在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的用法:why not do sth?=why don’t you do sth? had better(not)do sth,would rather do sth,could/would you please(not)do sth? 3.不定式作表语 Her job is to clean the hall.4.不定式作宾语补足语 want, wish, ask, tell, help, advise,teach, allow, wait for, invite,would like,encourage后跟动词不定式作宾补；

使役动词和感官动词常用省略to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to.(一感二听三让四看五帮助)feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice,help

5.不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后；不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。He found a good house to live in.6.不定式常与疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go.7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事,want ∕ would like to do sth.想做某事,plan to do sth.计划做某,fail to do未能做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事,afford to do能做某事,be used to do被用来做

can’t wait to do迫不及待地要做某事,make up one’s mind to do下决心做某事,used to do过去常常做某事 ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事,tell sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事,want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事,expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事,promise sb.to do答应某人做某事,allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事,help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事

三、动名词

(一)、动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing

(二)、动名词的句法功能(动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语)Eating too much is bad for your health.I like playing basketball very much.Stamps are used for sending letters.His hobby is collecting stamps.She is in the reading room.(三)、常见接动名词作宾语的动词:喜欢、考虑不可免，停止、放弃大冒险，介意想象莫推延，要求完成是渴望，建议继续勤练，不禁原谅要坚持，继续注意使成功。(enjoy,consider,avoid,stop,give up,risk,mind,imagine,put off,require,finish,look forward to,suggest,go on,practice,can’t help,excuse,insist on,keep on,pay attention to,succeed in)

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,spend...doing sth.花费…做某事,be busy doing sth.忙于做…

imagine sb.doing sth.想象…做某事,can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事,practice doing sth.练习做某事,miss doing sth.错过做某事

suggest doing sth.建议做某事,keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事,consider doing sth.考虑做某事,be good at doing sth擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣,be used for doing sth.被用来做某事

thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事,put off doin推迟做某事,keep/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,give up doing sth.放弃做某事,without doing sth.没有做某事, think about doing sth.考虑做某事,What/How about doing 做某事怎么样?

look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意/关注做某事

be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,prefer doing sth to doing sth.相比做…，更喜欢做…

四、分词

(一)分词的构成:现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成，过去分词由动词+-ed构成。(二)分词的句法构成:分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语

Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in your written exercises.The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.The boy is too frghtened to move.Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.He’ll have his hair cut after school.现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去分词作宾补，过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。

五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

1.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(事未做)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事已做)2.remember to do sth记住去做某事(事未做)remember doing sth记得做了某事(事已做 3.mean to do sth 打算，想做某事mean doing sth 意味着做了某事 4.stop to do sth 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing sth 停止做某事 5.try to do sth 尽力去做某事try doing sth试着做某事

6.go on to do sth 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做的是同一件事)7.used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to doing sth习惯做某事 1.I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.A.not to play B.to play notC.not playingD.not play

2.—I didn’t hear you come in just now.— That’s good.We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping.A.not makeB.not to makeC.to makeD.making

3.—Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games?—For your health, my boy.A.playB.to playC.to playingD.playing

4.—Driving less, walking more is good for our health.—a car.A.take, drive B.take, to drive C.take, driving D.taking, driving

5.— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you?—I haven’t decided where ________.A.goB.wentC.going D.to go

6.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates _____dancing with her.A.practiceB.practicesC.practicingD.to practice

7.—How is your grandma?—She’s fine.She used to _____ TV at home after supper.But now she is used to _____ out for a walk.A.watch;goB.watching;go C.watching;going D.watch;going 8.Our teacher often tells us _____ in the river.It’s dangerous.A.don’t swimB.not swimC.not to swimD.not swimming 9.The Greens used to live in London and now they ________ in Beijing.A.used to liveB.are used to liveC.are used to livingD.are used for living

10.— What are you going to do when you grow up?— A singer, but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.A.amB.to beC.will beD.be

11.Don’t throw away thso that it can be reused.A.to destroyB.destroyingC.to collect D.collecting 12.Paul made a nice cage______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep

13.It was time for class.Mr.King asked all the children ___________ down quietly.A.sitB.satC.to sitD.sittingfor my health.A.not eatingB.not to eatC.eatingD.to eat 16.She’s not strong enough _________ walking up mountains.A.to goB.goingC.goD.went

17.He lost his key．It made him _____in the cold to wait for his wife’s return． A．to stayB stayedC．staysD．stay

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18.——Let's go for a walk.A.to takeB.take C.taking 19.Many children are left alone in the countryside.Let’s try our bestthem.A.helpB.helpingC.to helpD.helps

20.Our English teacher often says to us, “English well is very important” A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.To learning 21.He hurried back home ____ his schoolbag.A.fetchedB.to fetchC.fetchingD.fetches

A.go byB.to go byC.went by

23.— I’m looking forward to _____my parents soon.What about you?— Me too． A.seeingB.seeC.saw

24.Seeing their teacher _______ into the classroom, they stopped _______ at once.A.walk;telling B.entering;to speakC.enter;to tellD.walking;talking 25.Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________smoking.A.give upB.gave upC.to give upD.giving up 26.The retired couple enjoy _______ photos.They always go out with their cameras A.takeB.tookC.to takeD.taking 27.I'm sleepy.I prefer ________ at home to going out for a walk.A.sleepingB.to sleepC.sleptD.sleep

28.At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.to talk

30.He used to _____in a small village, but now he has been used to ____in a big city.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;living

31.You look too tired.Why not______a rest?A.stop to have B.to stop having C.stop having 32.—Would you mind_________ the window? It's very hot.—No, not at all.A.openB.to openC.opening

33.—story books.—Me, too.A.readingB.readC.to read

computer games.A.not playingB.not to playC.not play35.How kind you are!You always do what you can __________ others.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.to help

36.—What a heavy rain!—So it is.I prefer ______ rather than ____ on such a rainy day.A.to go out.stay at homeB.to stay at home.go outC.going out.stay at home D.staying at home.go out 37.He promised ______his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.to see

38.Mary called and asked her husband ________home at once , because she locked their daughter in the home.A.to leaveB.leaveC.goD.to go

39.—Excuse me.Could you tell me ______ get to the nearest post office?—Sorry, I am new here.A.how can IB.how I couldC.how toD.what I can 40.When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji.A.doB.didC.doingD.are doing

41.Vocabulary is important to language learning.Therefore, you’d better try different ways you can think of ______ words and expressions.A.rememberB.to rememberC.remembering

A.moveB.to moveC.from moving them.A.to protectB.protectingC.protect

A.practice singingB.to practice singingC.practiced singing their school yard this Friday afternoon.A.cleanB.to cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned 46.I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom.A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies

47.—Why are you so excited today?—a picnic this weekend.A.haveB.to haveC.havingD.had 48.Many old men prefer _______ in a peaceful countryside.A.to liveB.liveingC.liveD lived

49.---George was heard _______ just now.What happened?---People was telling a joke.A.to cryB.cryC.to laughD.laugh 50.The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.A.sleepingB.asleepC.to asleepD.to be asleep51._______ honest is the first thing people should learn.A.BeingB.LookC.BeD Become

52.Many young people took part in _______ trees on Tree Planting Day.A.plantingB.plantsC.to plantD plant 53.I haven’t decided when ________ a holiday yet.A.tookB.takingC.to takeD take

54.— I feel stressed from time to time.Could you give me some advice? — ________ sharing your worries with your parents? A.Why don't youB.How aboutC.Why notD.Would you like 55.—Would you mind ______ in the dining hall?—Of course not.A.not to smokeB.not smokingC.smokeD.not smokeproblems.A.solveB.solvingC.can solveD.to solve

57.一 these books before 10 o'clock?一Yes, I can.A.to readB.readC.readsD.reading

58.— Excuse me.Could you please tell me ______ my car?—Sure.Park it right here.I’ll help you.A.how to stopB.where to parkC.where to stopD.when to park 59.— Nick, would you mind _________ out of the bathroom?— Sorry.I won't be long.A.comeB.to comeC.coming 60.—to the park now?—Good idea!Let’s go.A.goB.to goC.goesD.going

61.—camping with me?—I’d like to.But I’m busymy homework.A.to go;to doB.to go;doingC.going;to doD.going;doing

62.—Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?—_______ abroad for further study.A.GoB.GoneC.To goD.Goes

63.—I’m new here.—Don’t worry.I’ll do what I can ________ you.A.helpB.to helpC.inviteD.to invite

64.Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after class.A.turning B.turned C.to turnA.to liveB.living inC.to live in

66.“Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _____ under the tree?”“My friend.”A.standB.to standC.stoodD.standing 67.He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils 68.Tom，would you please______ the box? It’s for your sister.A.not openB.don’t openC.not to openD.to not open 69.essica's parents always encourage her ____________out her opinions.A.speakB.speakingC.to speakD.will speak

70.—What did your teacher say this morning?—She told us ______ make faces in class.to notB.not toC.do notD.didn't

71.---Let's play football on the playground.---It’s too hot outside.I would rather_____at home than_____out.A.to stay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;to goD.stay;go

72.He wants to have his TV ________.A.repairingB.repairedC.to repair 73.Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.A.to turnB.turningC.turn

74.---What do you usually do in the morning?---I often practice ________ English.A.speakB.to speakC.speaking

A.playB.playingC.to play

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第二篇：非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词 之 动词不定式

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)

(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)

(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)

一、动词不定式

(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何

(二)作宾语及宾语补语。

1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看 等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。

I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。

I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。

4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。

在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答

(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。

(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括

whether)

(1)做主语。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：

The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to应该

plan to 计划 want to要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pass the examination

13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight anymore

17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to be finished in class

26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be your friend

第三篇：非谓语动词

初中英语分类练习

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作状语）

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to writeto be written

进行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成进行to have been writing

现 在 分 词主动被动

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

过去分词主动被动

一般written

动名词主动被动

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1.动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。

2.动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。

4.动词不定式作表语 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5.动词不定式作定语：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

6.不定式作状语：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

动词不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。

带疑问词的不定式：

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？

带逻辑主语的不定式：

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1)动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的被动形式 ：

（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：

1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4)动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

●分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1.分词作定语

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）

2.分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

第四篇：非谓语动词

非谓语动词专项练习

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异

体)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第五篇：2014全国高考之非谓语动词

2013-2014 全国高考汇编之非谓语动词

2013

1____ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.A.To foundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Having founded

2.Volunteering gives you a chance ____ lives, including your own.A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change

3.____ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A.FindB.FindingC.To findD.Found

4.When we saw the road____ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A.blockB.to blockC.blockingD.blocked

5.___ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A.KnownB.Having knownC.KnowingD.Being known

6.32.Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A.to be testedB.being testedC.testedD.to test

7.The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.A.bathedB.bathingC.to have bathedD.have bathed

8.You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.A.offeringB.to offerC.having offeredD.offered

9._____ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A.StayingB.StayedC.To stayD.Stay

10.Lionel Messithe _____record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the mosttalented football player in Europe.A.setB.settingC.to setD.having set

11.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____to ruins, the city took on a new look.A.reducingB.reducedC.being reducedD.having reduced

12.If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A.askedB.to askC.askingD.having asked

13.I got to the office earlier that day, ______the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caughtB.to have caughtC.to catchD.having caught

14.The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.A.standing B.to standC.standsD.stood

15.I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.A.takeB.takingC.to takeD.taken

16.________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.A.Having eatenB.To eatC.EatD.Eating

17.The witnesses____by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.A.questionedB.being questionedC.to be questionedD.having questioned

18._______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not knownD.Known not

19.The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A.being completedB.to be completed C.completedD.having been completed

20.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____in daily conversations.A.usingB.to useC.having usedD.used

21.They might just have a place ___on the writing course一why don't you give it a try?

A.leave B.leftC.leavingD.to leave

22.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked_____ by the police.A.not to

doB.not toC.not doD.do not

23.The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows___ on the ground.A.throwingB.being thrownC.to throwD.to be thrown

24_______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A.HearingB.HearC.Having heardD.To be hearing

25.A good listener takes part in the conversation, _______ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk f

lowing.A realizingB copyingC offeringD misunderstanding

26.There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A not treatedB not being treatedC not to be treatedD not have been treated

27.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,____me stories till Ifell asleep.A.having toldB.tellingC.toldD.to tell

28.The engine just won't start.Something seems____ wrong with it.A.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having gone

2014

一（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get, Henry did his best to perform his duty.A.promoteB.promotedC.promotingD.to promote

二（2014北京卷）25.Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB.to watchC.watchedD.watching

三（2014北京卷）28.There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved

四（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..A.recognizingB.being recognized C.having recognizedD.having been recognized

五（2014大纲卷）23.Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.A.carryB.carryingC.carriedD.to be carrying

六（2014福建卷）27.mature than those of her age.A.SpendingB.SpentC.Having spentD.To spend

七（2014福建卷）30.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.A.connectedB.connectingC.to connectD.to be connected

八（2014湖南卷）23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A.UnderstandingB.To be understoodC.Being understoodD.Having understood

九（2014湖南卷）27.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the

grassland, _____at the night sky.A.to stare B.staringC.staredD, having stared

十（2014湖南卷）35.ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought

and inner quietness.A.Having freedB.FreedC.To free D.Freeing

十一（2014江苏卷）29.His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being givenB.having given C.to be given D.having been given

十二（2014江苏卷）35.—!Somebody has left the lab door open.A.Dear meB.Hi,there

—Don't look at me.C.Thank goodnessD.Come on

十三（2014江西卷）31.___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.A.Having spentB.To spentC.SpentD.To have spent

十四（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A.to actB.to have actedC.actingD.having acted

十五（2014山东卷）6.There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again.A.sayingB.saysC.saidD.having said

十六（2014山东卷）9.It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.A.employedB.being employedC.to employD.employs

十七（2014陕西卷）12.It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like _________ for a swim?

A.to goB.goingC goD.having gone

十八（2014陕西卷）20.________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell

several times.A.Working outB.Worked outC.To work outD.Work out

十九（2014四川卷）5.The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.A.having developedB.to developC.developedD.develop

二十（2014四川卷）7.— I hope to take the computer course.A.To find outB.Finding out — Good idea.____ more about it, visit this website.C.To be finding outD.Having found out

二十一（2014天津卷）5.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit.A.to findB.foundC.findingD.having found

二十二（2014天津卷）7.Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.A.writingB.to writeC.writtenD.being written

二十三（2014浙江卷）14.Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a

nurse _______ to guard her.A.to appointB.appointingC.appointed

D.having appointed

二十四（2014重庆卷）5.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.A.turningB.returnedC.to turnD.to be returned

二十五（2014重庆卷）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.A.helping B.having helpedC.helped D.to help