第一篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第7讲定语从句大全
第7讲 定语从句
1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏,28)A.which
C.whose
答案 C 解析 句意为:联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署,该组织的目的之一就是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系,且空处在句中作定语,因此选C项。
2.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017·北京,31)A.that
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意为:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是the little problems,且从句中缺少宾语,故用that。as引导定语从句时,多用于the same...as...,such...as...等结构中;where,when引导定语从句时,在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。
3.My eldest son,________ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.(2017·天津,9)A.that
C.his
答案 B 解析 句意为:我的长子现在在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后的名词有所属关系,故应用whose。
4.Many young people,most ________ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏,23)
B.whose D.who B.as D.when B.its D.whom A.of which
C.of whom
答案 C
B.of them D.of those 解析 句意为:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想,他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。
5.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京,22)A.whose
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。
6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.(2016·天津,9)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意为:我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行词为next week,在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。
7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.(2016·浙江,11)A.whom
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意为:科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知,逗号后是“代词+of+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词many theories,指物,故应用 which。
8.The number of smokers,________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015·江苏,21)A.it
B.which B.which D.that B.where D.when B.why D.which C.what
答案 D
D.as 解析 句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如„„”,符合句意,故选D项。
9.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京,24)A.which
C.when
答案 D 解析 句意为:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。先行词是St.Paul’s Church;从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,用where。故选D。
10.Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江,19)A.as
C.in which
答案 C 解析 句意为:创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,________ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句,从句中缺少状语,故用where或“介词+which”引导,根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in,故选C项。11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津,15)A.where
C.when
答案 A 解析 句意为:该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为an easy atmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,故要用where。
12.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建,34)A.who B.whom C.that D.which 答案 D
B.which D.who B.whose D.at which B.that D.where 解析 句意为:《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句,在从句中作主语,用which来引导。
13.It is a truly delightful place,________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南,29)A.as
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意为:它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方,它看起来一定跟100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place,且后面的定语从句中缺少主语,可用which或that引导;又因为前后两部分用逗号连接,所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.(2015·安徽,28)A.it
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意为:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句;that不用于介词之后;whose作定语时,其后需有名词;depend on/upon依靠,依赖,介词upon被提到了定语从句引导词之前,只能用which来引导,故选D。
15.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西,15)A.which
C.whom
答案 D 解析 句意为:作为家里最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为the time,在从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。选D。16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏,22)A.which
C.as
B.when D.where B.where D.when B.that D.which B.where D.which 答案 D 解析 句意为:这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助,尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work,可以理解为抽象的地点;而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语,因此可以排除关系代词,而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。
17.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽,22)A.when
C.why
答案 D 解析 先行词是the exact year,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以选D。18.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西,13)A.that
C.as
答案 A 解析 先行词是information,指物,关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语,且先行词有不定代词all修饰,故关系词只能用that。
19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________ my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京,26)A.who
C.when
答案 B 解析 此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词,指物,关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语;又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。
20.A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东,10)A.which
C.who
答案 B 解析 句意为:国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company之间为所属关系,故选择whose。
B.whose D.why B.which D.where B.which D.what B.where D.which
一、高频考点
1.“介词+which/whom”中介词的确定(1)与定语从句中的动词或形容词构成搭配。The man with whom I talked is a professor.和我谈话的那个人是一名教授。
(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)“of which/whom”表示所属关系。
There are forty students in our class,most of whom are from the south.我们班有四十名学生,其中大部分来自南方。(4)“介词短语+which/whom”引导定语从句。He arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy.他来到一所农舍,在农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。(5)通过句意来判断。
He was educated at Beijing University,after which he went abroad to receive further education.他在北京大学接受教育,然后去了国外接受进一步教育。(6)关系副词可以与“介词+which”互换。The house where/in which he lives needs repairing.他住的那所房子需要修理。
2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能放在主句后;as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末均可。
As we all know,the earth goes around the sun.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。
(2)which可作实义动词的主语,as不可。
He didn’t come as expected,which made Mary angry.他没如期前来,这让玛丽很生气。(3)主、从句语意一致,用as,which皆可;语意不一致,只能用which。He married again,which/as was expected.他又结婚了,这是预料到的。
He married again,which was unexpected.他又结婚了,这是没有预料到的。3.定语从句与其他语法项目的区别
(1)与地点状语从句的区别:定语从句前有表示地点的先行词,地点状语从句则没有;定语从句中的where可用“介词+which”代替,地点状语从句中的where则不能。He put the book where you could find it.(地点状语从句)He put the book in the place where you could find it.(定语从句)(2)与结果状语从句的区别:分析such后的名词在从句中是否作成分,如作成分则是定语从句,用as引导;反之则为结果状语从句,用that引导。He is such a good boy as we all like.(定语从句)He is such a good boy that we all like him.(结果状语从句)
二、易错点梳理
1.关系代词的误用及漏用:注意定语从句的先行词被all,some,any,no,few,every,much等不定代词修饰时,关系代词用that。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?
2.定语从句主谓不一致:在one of...结构中,先行词为of后的复数名词或代词,从句谓语用复数形式;先行词是“the only/very one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语用单数形式。He is one of the students who were awarded.他是受到嘉奖的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是唯一一个受到嘉奖的学生。
3.关系词充当替代词:定语从句中不能出现先行词的替代词。He is the person that I am looking for.他就是我要找的那个人。(for后不能跟him)4.“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point,case,situation,condition,stage,position,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事物的某个方面时,where相当于from which,under which等,表示“从„„中,在„„情况下”等。
We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们只是想尽力达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。
1.President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation,________ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(2017·盐城中学阶段检测,26)A.one where
C.which
答案 A 解析 句意为:习主席到英国的访问创造了一个中国和英国在经济和社交发展上双赢的局面。空后是一个完整的句子,不缺宾语或者主语,由此可以先排除C项。其他三个答案都有one,one后是定语从句,而one在从句中作的是地点状语,不能省略引导词,由此可以排除B项。one在这里是situation的同位语,意思是“一个„„的局面”并不是特指,所以不需要冠词,由此可以排除D项。故选A项。
2.The bullet train has quickened the rate ________ we travel from one place to another.(2017·丹阳高级中学期中,22)A.at which
C.to which
答案 A 解析 句意为:高速列车加速了我们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行速度。把at which中的关系代词换上先行词放到从句中,则从句变为:We travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整,然后用关系代词代替先行词,再把介词和关系代词放到从句句首引导定语从句就成了原题,故正确答案是A。
3.The increased responsibilities ________ her best qualities ________ were beyond most people.(2017·扬州中学期中,30)A.brought about;which B.brought out;that C.brought in;which
B.with which D.for which B.one
D.the one in which D.brought up;that 答案 B 解析 句意为:责任感的增加体现出她的优秀品质,这是大多数人不具有的。bring out使显现,符合句意。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,用that引导定语从句,故答案为B。4.It is said that a most popular emoji(expression of emotion on the Internet)is the “face with the rolling eyes”,________ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(2017·扬州中学期中,22)A.that
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意为:据说,“翻白眼”成了网络上非常流行的表情符号,14%的短信用到它。空处是一个非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。that不引导非限制性定语从句,what不引导定语从句,whose在从句中往往作定语,均不符合该题。故答案为D。
5.________ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day,they are not all the things ________ they could be.(2017·华罗庚中学调研,24)A.As;that
C.Though;which
答案 D 解析 句意为:尽管我们的感官很了不起,并能大体上满足我们过完一天的需求,但是这些可能并不是它们的全部。根据句意可知,前后内容存在转折关系,故第一空用although,though或while引导让步状语从句;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是things,且前面有all修饰,关系词在定语从句中作表语,应用that引导,故选D项。
6.Titled Pain,the book contains 51 poems,________ written in the past three years,Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(2017·溧水高级中学二模,26)A.most of which
C.most of what
答案 B 解析 句意为:赵在北京向《中国日报》表示,《痛苦》这本书包含了51首诗,它们中大部分是在过去三年中写成的。________ written in the past three years中没有谓语动词,故不是从句,不需要连词。实际上此处是一个独立主格结构,most of them为逻辑主语,written in the past three years为逻辑谓语,故选B。
B.most of them D.most of it B.Although;what D.While;that B.what D.which 7.As a student of Senior Three,he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.(2017·南京九中学情调研,23)A.when
C.at which
答案 D 解析 句意为:作为一名高三学生,他几乎没有空闲时间可以发展自己的兴趣。此处先行词time被little修饰,所以用关系代词that作及物动词spend的宾语。
8.Yang Jiang’s Reaching the Brink of Life,the title of ________ refers to her late husband’s collection of essays,was published at the age of 97.(2017·南京学情调研,32)A.that
C.whose
答案 B 解析 句意为:杨绛的《走到人生边上》在她97岁时出版,该书的标题指的是她已故丈夫的散文集。分析句子成分可知,本题为定语从句。先行词为Reaching the Brink of Life,在从句中作of的宾语,先行词指物,因此用which,结合句意可知which符合题意。
9.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book,________ both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,29)A.where
C.who
答案 D 解析 句意为:这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达其内心的想法。分析句子成分可知,本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts,从句中express的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知which符合题意。
10.The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,34)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意为:国际形势正在经历着巨大的变化,其中联合国教科文组织在促进国际合作中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。这句话使用了定语从句,先行词是the international situation,定
B.what D.where B.when D.which B.which D.what B.in which D.that 语从句中不缺少主、宾、表,缺少的是地点状语,所以用where引导定语从句。故选D。11.In my opinion,one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,26)A.of which
C.on which
答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配,意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句,指代extent,并作介词to的宾语,故答案为D。
12.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless,a world ________ each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、盐城二模,29)A.that
C.of which
答案 C 解析 句意为:我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界,一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world,代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise,故选C项。
13.According to the report,the government will hold a meeting ________ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.(2017·如皋调研,21)A.which
C.when
答案 B 解析 句意为:据报道,政府将举行一个会议,在会议上,人们可以表达他们对当今全球经济的看法。空处引导定语从句,先行词是a meeting,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。
14.Teachers in primary schools ________ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017·苏北六市联考,27)A.whose
C.where
答案 A
B.who D.which B.where D.whose B.which D.from where B.with which D.to which 解析 句意为:小学老师们应该成为榜样,孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知,teachers是定语从句的先行词,孩子是受到老师的影响,即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence,应用whose引导定语从句,作influence的定语,故选A项。
15.Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill ________ they base their researches.(2017·苏北四市调研,28)A.on it
C.on which
答案 C 解析 句意为:科学家认为计算是必要的技能,他们的研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知,定语从句的先行词为skill,on it不能引导定语从句,介词后不能用that,排除A、B两项;把先行词代入定语从句后为they base their researches on the skill,由此可知选C项。
16.Last fall,I went to the US as an exchange student.I’ll never forget my homestay there ________ I became a real DIY enthusiast.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,21)A.where
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意为:去年秋天我去美国做交换生,我不会忘记我在当地居民家居住的时期,当时我成了一个真正的DIY爱好者。这是一个定语从句,先行词为homestay(在当地居民家居住的时期),表示时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故选B。
17.Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(2016·镇江一模,25)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意为:很多大学毕业生希望能被提供一份工作,在这份工作中他们能找到机会去体验工作中令人兴奋的事情。a job为先行词,从句中缺少抽象地点状语in the job,故用关系副词where。
18.There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A.as B.that C.when D.where
B.why D.what
B.when D.which B.on that D.on whose 答案 A 解析 本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句,代指前面整个句子,在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。
19.It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years ________ I wasn’t a part of.(2016·南京、盐城二模,31)A.whom
C.that
答案 C 解析 句意为:让我们的朋友讲述大学一年级时候的事情,而在那时候我又没有在其中,这样做是很难的。定语从句中缺少宾语,而先行词是years,故用关系代词that。
20.As a dark horse,China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.A.as
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意为:中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛,在四分之一决赛中,输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句的先行词,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导。故选D项。
B.what D.where B.when D.what
第二篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第6讲名词性从句
第6讲 名词性从句
1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏,26)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我们选择这家旅馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语,由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语,因此选C。
2.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京,23)A.whatever
C.whomever
答案 B 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语,不合题意;whatever任何„„的事物;whichever无论哪个,无论哪些。
3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京,26)A.why
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,并不知道要去哪里。why为什么;how怎样;when什么时候。
4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津,4)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认还没还。when
B.where D.what B.where D.when B.whoever D.whichever B.which D.how 什么时候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合语境。
5.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏,21)A.why
B.what C.as D.that 答案 D 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的名词性从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故要用that引导。
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京,29)A.what
C.whether
答案 B 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故选B。
7.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津,11)A.whether
C.which
答案 B 解析 考查同位语从句。句意为:经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知,空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,故选B项。
8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京,24)A.However
C.Whatever
答案 C 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever。
9.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏,25)A.That
C.Where
答案 C
B.Why D.How B.Whoever D.Wherever B.that D.what B.that D.why 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:李白,一个伟大的中国诗人,其出生地是众所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”是主语从句,表示“李白出生的地方”。10.I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京,33)A.that
C.what
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词,故选A。
11.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京,35)A.Where
C.Why
答案 B 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语,结合句意可知选B。
12.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江,6)A.what
C.that
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话,务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知,此处investigate后接了宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故用what引导。
13.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ ships are built for.(2015·安徽,25)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:船停在港口里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,故选A。why和when是连接副词,不能作宾语;whom指人。
14.—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.(2015·福建,29)A.where
C.why
答案 B
B.how D.if B.whom D.when B.who D.whoever B.How D.When B.where D.why 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。根据回答by doing可知问的是方式。
15.You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015·湖南,26)A.what
C.where
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法,就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子结构可知,know后的______ you’re going是宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
16.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西,19)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记,我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知,介词for后接的是宾语从句,从句中缺少achieve的宾语,故用what引导。
17.The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川,8)A.where
C.what
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语,故选项C、D错误;where表示地点,不符合题意,故选B,why表示“„„的原因”。18.We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆,8)A.when
C.where
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知,要给Karl订房间,那么就要清楚他来这里的时间,故选when。19.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江苏,26)A.how
C.that
B.what
D.who B.how D.why B.why D.which B.that D.how B.that D.who 答案 B 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:——这么乱!你总是这么懒!——妈妈,要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。分析句子结构可知,I am后是表语从句,引导词what在从句中作me的补足语,相当于the one/person that,即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
20.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建,34)A.that
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导一个宾语从句,且引导词在从句中作do的宾语,故用what。
B.what D.whether
1.介词后面一般不接that引导的宾语从句,此时需要用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
You may depend on it that they will support you.你放心,他们会支持你的。
2.某些动词如enjoy,hate,have,hide,like,love,appreciate,take等后面不能直接跟宾语从句,需要用it作形式宾语,再把从句放到后面。I would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮我,我会很感激。
3.reason作主语,表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why或because引导。The reason why he didn’t attend school was that he was ill.他没来上学的原因是他病了。
4.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后的宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用whether或if均可,而不用that。名词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,一般用that引导同位语从句;用在肯定句中时,一般用whether引导同位语从句。I doubt whether/if he is at home.我怀疑他是否在家。
There is no doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.毫无疑问他们会提前完成任务。
5.whether可引导所有名词性从句。whether引导的从句能用作介词的宾语;whether能用在discuss,decide后引导宾语从句,还可以和or not直接连用,但以上三种情况均不能用if。Are you talking about whether he will come? 你们是在谈论他是否会来吗? I don’t care whether I can get it or not.我不在乎我是否可以得到它。
6.“wh-+ever”既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句;“no matter wh-”只能引导让步状语从句,可以和“wh-+ever”互换。
He would believe whatever I said.我说什么他都相信。
Whatever/No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。7.what和that引导的名词性从句的区别:
what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语;that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,无任何意义。What the lecturer said is very valuable.演讲者讲的话非常有用。
That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.看起来她不太可能会拒绝这项提议。
1.What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(2017·灌南高级中学检测,25)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 句意为:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否从严重的疾病中快点恢复。空处引导的是表语从句,表示“是否”,故用whether。
2.________ surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know where the difference between the two lies.(2017·灌南高级中学检测,28)A.That C.Who
答案 B 解析 句意为:最让我惊讶的事情是她甚至都不知道两者之间的差异在哪里。what在主语从句What surprises me most中作主语。that引导的表语从句中包含一个where引导的宾语从句。3.The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers ________ they can’t afford themselves a house.(2017·镇江期中,29)A.whether
B.where B.What D.Which B.how D.why C.what
答案 D
D.that 解析 句意为:大多数城市房价的上涨引起了年轻农民工的担忧,他们无力负担自己的房子。本题考查同位语从句,解释说明concerns,从句的句子成分完整,故填that。4.—China never lacks access to quality animation productions.—You can say that again,but the difficulty lies in ________ Chinese people translate them successfully and adapt them into the market.(2017·盐城亭湖高级中学段考,27)A.what
C.where
答案 D 解析 句意为:——中国从来不缺高质量的动画作品。——你说的没错,但是困难在于中国人如何成功翻译它们并使它们适应市场。介词in后为宾语从句。根据句子结构可知,从句不缺主语或宾语,排除A项;根据句意可知,从句缺少方式状语,应用how引导宾语从句,故选D项。
5.I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being,one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you,the doer of the good deed.(2017·溧水高级中学二模,32)A.which;that
C.what;that
答案 C 解析 句意为:我想伊索所建议的是,当对他人做好事时,人们希望善行会回来,并给行善的人带来好处。think后的宾语从句中缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句同时在从句中作动词suggesting的宾语,is后是表语从句,在该表语从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句,整个句子句意成分完整,故用that引导表语从句,故答案为C。
6.There seems to be some doubt about ________ Ann will attend the meeting.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,35)A.when
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意为:安是否参加会议似乎还有疑问。介词about后是宾语从句,that从句不作介词的宾语,排除D项;从句成分完整,排除A、C项,故正确答案为B。7.________ counts is ________ all those trapped in the building have been rescued.(2017·南京九中模拟,27)A.It;that
B.What;because B.whether D.that B.that;that D.that;what B.when D.how C.Which;because
答案 D
D.What;that 解析 句意为:重要的是那些被困在大楼里的人们已经得救了。what引导主语从句且充当主语;is之后为表语从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故用that引导,故选D。
8.We may look at the world around us,but somehow we manage not to see it until ________ we’ve become used to suddenly disappears.(2017·南京学情调研,27)A.when
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意为:我们可以看看我们身边的这个世界,但是我们却设法以某种方式无视它的存在直到我们习以为常的东西突然消失。分析句子成分可知,连词until的后面为状语从句,状语从句的谓语动词disappears的前面为主语从句。在主语从句中,介词to的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知what符合题意。
9.—The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? —Yes.That’s ________ I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,32)A.what
C.how
答案 B 解析 句意为:——我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%?——是的。那就是我跟房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导一个表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where作地点状语,故选B项。
10.The problem ________ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模,23)A.how
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意为:他将在国内或国外读大学,这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知,本句是同位语从句,用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知,B项符合语境。
11.The infrastructure of a country is ________ makes everything run well,including things like transport,irrigation,electricity and schools.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,22)A.which
C.where
答案 D
B.that D.what B.whether D.when B.where D.when B.where D.why 解析 句意为:一个国家的基础设施是使得一切能正常运行的东西,包括交通、灌溉、电和学校之类的东西。is后是一个表语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,且没有范围限制,用what,故选D项。
12.I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is ________ they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、盐城一模,30)A.how
C.whether
答案 D 解析 句意为:我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知,系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语,结合句意可知when符合题意。13.—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? —________ he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模,34)A.Because
C.Whether
答案 D 解析 句意为:——你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功?——他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知,该句句子结构、意义完整,用that引导主语从句,从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。
14.Hard work,along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success,which is ________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,32)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意为:艰苦奋斗以及甘于奉献的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障,这是我们应该从参加长征的先辈身上学习的东西。分析句子成分可知,系动词is的后面为表语从句,从句中谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知what符合题意。
15.The argument doesn’t hold much ground ________ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.(2017·南通一模,21)A.where
C.which
答案 B 解析 句意为:如今家庭背景为毕业生们提供了职业竞争上的优势,这样的观点站不住脚。结合句意并分析句子成分可知,空后的句子指的是争论点的内容,是argument的同位语从句,B.that D.when B.where D.how B.How D.That B.that D.when 在这个同位语从句中,句子不缺少成分,所以用连词that。故选B。
16.As I opened my eyes,in ________ direction I looked,I could see smiling,peaceful,calm and content faces.(2016·南通调研,34)A.whatever
C.whichever
答案 C 解析 句意为:当我睁开眼的时候,无论往哪个方向看,我都能看到微笑、安宁、平静和满足的脸庞。in 为介词,后面是宾语从句,根据句意用whichever表示“无论哪一个方向”,故C正确。
17.—Where are you living now? —I’ve moved to ________ you know my grandpa once lived.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,28)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意为:——你现在住在哪里?——我已经搬到,你知道的,我爷爷曾经住过的地方了。move to后为宾语从句,从句中的you know为插入语,my grandpa once lived缺少地点状语,故用where引导宾语从句。
18.There is no doubt,from my point of view,________ matters is not what happens to you,but what you remember and how you remember it.(2016·泰州一模,22)A.what that
C.what if
答案 D 解析 句意为:在我看来,重要的不是发生了什么,而是你所记得的以及你记住它的方式,这是毫无疑问的。from my point of view为插入语,There is no doubt结构中,that引导同位语从句,从句中还含有主语从句________ matters,该主语从句缺少主语,故用what。19.Didn’t it occur to you ________ we could have solved the problem in an easier way?
(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,25)A.that
C.how
答案 A 解析 句意为:难道你没有想到我们本可以用更简单的办法解决这个问题吗?这是一个主语从句,it 代替后面的句子作形式主语,根据句意,从句叙述的是事实,而且不缺少任何成分,所以关系词选用that,故A正确。
20.It is known to us all that ________ we learn at present is closely linked with our future.B.whether D.why B.that that D.that what B.that D.what B.however D.wherever A.how
C.whatever
答案 C
B.whether D.whichever 解析 句意为:众所周知,我们目前所学的任何东西都与我们的将来有密切的关系。本题中that引导的是主语从句,而主语从句中还包含主语从句,______ we learn at present作从句的主语。通过对句子结构的分析,不难发现learn缺少宾语,应用whatever作learn的宾语。whichever表示一定的范围,可排除。
第三篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第8讲并列句与状语从句(含答案)
第8讲 并列句与状语从句
1.Located________ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏,23)A.why
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意为:由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,表示“在‘一带一路’的交汇处”,因此用where引导状语从句。
2.—Peter,please send us postcards ________ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.(2017·北京,22)A.but
C.for
答案 D 解析 句意为:——彼得,请寄给我们明信片,这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。——没问题。后面表示结果,故用so。but表转折;or表选择;for是表因果关系的连词,后接原因。3.________ birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京,25)A.Once
C.Although
答案 C 解析 句意为:虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系,故用although引导状语从句。once一旦,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。
4.If you don’t understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.(2017·北京,28)A.because
B.though B.If D.Because B.or D.so B.when D.where C.until
答案 C
D.since 解析 句意为:如果不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨,直到(until)弄清楚。until直到„„为止,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。because因为,引导原因状语从句;though尽管,引导让步状语从句;since自„„以来,由于,引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。5.________ some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016·江苏,26)A.Because
C.Unless
答案 D 解析 句意为:尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励,而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。根据句意可知,这两句话之间为转折对比关系,故用while。
6.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,________ he’s in his nineties.(2016·北京,27)A.as long as
C.even though
答案 C 解析 句意为:尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了,但他仍不时打网球。由句意可知,本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系,故选C。
7.I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016·北京,33)A.because
C.unless
答案 A 解析 句意为:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它有助于我放松身心,让我忘记一天中的其他烦恼。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选A项。
8.I am not afraid of tomorrow,________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016·北京,35)A.so
C.for
答案 C 解析 句意为:我并不害怕明天,因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知,句子前
B.and D.but B.before D.until B.as if
D.in case B.If D.While 后为因果关系,故选C项。
9.________ the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.(2016·天津,7)A.Unless
C.As
答案 C 解析 句意为:随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导状语从句,表示“随着”。
10.It is so cold that you can’t go outside ______ fully covered in thick clothes.(2015·江苏,26)A.if B.unless C.once D.when 答案 B 解析 句意为:天太冷,你不能去外面,除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless相当于if...not(如果„„不,除非),符合句意。
11.________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.(2015·浙江,9)A.Just as
C.Until
答案 A 解析 句意为:正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样,一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。just as正如,正像,符合语境。even though尽管;until直到;unless除非,如果不。12.He is a shy man,________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015·北京,25)A.so
C.or
答案 B 解析 句意为:他是一个很害羞的人,但是他不害怕任何事和任何人。由句意可知前后两句之间为转折关系,故用but,选B。
13.You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________ you keep practicing it.(2015·北京,28)A.even though
C.as if
答案 B
B.as long as D.ever since B.but D.as
B.Even though D.Unless B.Until D.While 解析 句意为:只要你坚持练习,就不会觉得剪纸难了。even though 即使;as long as只要;as if 仿佛,好像;ever since 自„„以来。结合句意可知选B。
14.________ the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015·北京,32)A.Until
C.Once
答案 C 解析 句意为:耕地一旦被破坏,就要花费好多年才能恢复。until直到;unless除非;once一旦;although尽管。由句意可知选C。
15.If you miss this chance,it may be years ________ you get another one.(2015·重庆,4)A.as
C.since
答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你错过这次机会,可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“It will/may be+一段时间+before...”句式,表示“过多久才„„”。
16.________ scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still don’t know.(2015·安徽,23)A.Once
C.Though
答案 C 解析 句意为:尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多,但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦;since自从„„以来;though尽管;unless除非。该题主要考查让步状语从句,故选C;A项常引导时间状语从句;D项常引导条件状语从句;B项常引导时间或原因状语从句。17.________ he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.(2015·安徽,34)A.Where
C.In case
答案 A 解析 句意为:在他曾经想放弃的地方,他现在有决心前行并继续走下去。where在这里是连词,意思是“(在)„„的地方”。as当,因为;in case以防;now that既然。
B.As D.Now that B.Since D.Unless B.before D.after B.Unless D.Although 18.________ the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015·福建,31)A.While
C.Since
答案 A 解析 句意为:尽管那些学生来自不同的国家,但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。此处用while引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。
19.________ the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.(2015·湖南,33)A.If only
C.Although
答案 C 解析 句意为:虽然这份工作要花大量的时间,但大多数学生都一致认为这次经历是值得的。句中的a significant amount of time与worth it之间构成对比,故用although引导让步状语从句。20.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,________ plants can spread to new places.(2014·北京,21)A.so
C.for
答案 A 解析 句意为:一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方,所以植物就能传播到新的地方。so表示因果关系,意为“因此”,符合句意,故选A。
B.or D.but B.After D.In case B.Unless D.Until
一、并列句易错点梳理
1.从属连词because不能与并列连词so连用;although和though不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。
Though he is young,he knows a lot.虽然他很小,但懂得很多。
2.not only 位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装,但but also后的分句仍用正常语序。有时 also可以省略。Not only did the dog bark at him,but it bit him.这只狗不但对他吠叫,而且咬了他。
3.for分句只能位于句尾,且其前面需用逗号隔开。它所连接的分句只是对前面的分句加以解释,补充说明理由或推断原因。The day breaks,for the birds are singing.天亮了,因为鸟在叫。
4.在“祈使句+and/then+陈述句”结构中,祈使句的意义相当于if引导的条件状语从句的肯定式;而在“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构中,祈使句的意义相当于if引导的条件状语从句的否定式。
Hurry up,or we’ll not catch the early bus.快点,否则我们就赶不上早班车了。
5.注意when(此时;这时)和while(而;却)这两个并列连词。I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡这时电话响了。
I like drinking black coffee while he prefers it with cream.我爱喝清咖啡而他却喜欢喝加奶油的。
二、状语从句难点梳理
1.引导时间状语从句的特殊连词
引导时间状语从句的连词除了when,while,as,before,after等之外,名词短语every time,each time,any time,next time,the first time,all the time,the morning,the afternoon,the evening,the day,the month,the year,the moment,the instant,the second,the minute以及副词immediately,instantly,directly等都可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。Please let him phone me immediately he comes back.请让他一回来就给我打电话。
2.as引导让步状语从句时,从句必须要部分倒装 Old as he is,he is still energetic.尽管他上了年纪却还是精力充沛。
Much as you suspected him,you couldn’t provide powerful evidence.虽然你非常怀疑他,但是你却无法提供有力的证据。3.so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别
so that引导目的状语从句,表示某种可能性,是主观意念,从句中往往含有may,can,might或could等情态动词;so that引导的结果状语从句,表示客观事实,从句里没有表目的的情态动词,一般要用逗号与主句隔开,从句只能放在主句后。
He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back could hear him.他说话的声音很高,以便让后面的同学能听见。(目的)He spoke at the top of his voice,so that the students at the back heard him.他说话的声音很高,结果后面的同学都听见了。(结果)4.providing/provided/supposing/given(that)等引导的条件状语从句 Supposing(that)I don’t have a day off,what shall we do? 假如我没有一天假期,那我们该怎么办?
1.________ you recognise ________ an idiom is being used,you can easily misunderstand the meaning of a sentence.(2017·盐城景山中学调研,34)A.If;that
C.Unless;when
答案 C 解析 句意为:除非你意识到什么时候使用习语,否则你很容易误解一个句子的意思。unless“除非”,表示条件,相当于if...not;第二个空所填词引导宾语从句,根据句意,从句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导。故选C项。
2.Jack appreciated his teachers’ help ________ he couldn’t find ways to express his gratitude.(2017·盐城亭湖中学段考,25)A.as if
C.so that
答案 B 解析 句意为:杰克感激他老师的帮助,尽管他找不到方法来表达他的感激之情。even though即使,尽管,虽然,符合句意。as if好像,仿佛;so that以便,所以;now that既然,由于。3.—Someone wants you on the phone.B.even though D.now that B.When;where D.Until;why —________ nobody knows I am here.(2017·丹阳高级中学期中,25)A.Although
C.So
答案 D 解析 句意为:——有人给你打电话。——但是没有人知道我在这儿。根据句子意思可知,前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选D项。
4.For successful people in the world,they always find brightness in the bad situation.________ others see a closed door,they see an open window.(2017·溧水高级中学二模,34)A.What
C.Where
答案 C 解析 句意为:对于世界上的成功人士来说,他们总能在困境中找到光明。在别人看见关着门的地方,他们会看到一扇开着的窗。where引导地点状语从句,符合句意。
5.Many homeless people,________ not mentally ill,simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.(2017·南京学情调研,23)A.when
C.as
答案 D 解析 句意为:许多无家可归的人虽然精神正常,但缺乏让自己的日常生活彻底改变的生存技能。分析句子成分可知,本题为让步状语从句。结合句意可知while符合。
6.You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow ________ you keep it tidy and clean.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,28)A.for fear that
C.on condition that
答案 C 解析 句意为:你明天可以用这个房间举行俱乐部活动,条件是你得保持房间的整洁干净。for fear that担心,害怕,引导目的状语从句;so that为的是,因此,引导目的或结果状语从句;even if尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句。on condition that如果,在„„的条件下,引导条件状语从句,符合语境。故选C项。
7.While working in Kunming,he checked the weather each morning for months ________ he
B.so that D.even if B.if D.while B.How D.When B.And D.But realized it would be the same every day.(2017·南京三模,33)A.when
C.before
答案 C 解析 句意为:在昆明工作的时候,他连续几个月每天早上查看天气预报后才意识到每天的天气都差不多。before做„„事后才„„。
8.________ the arguments,it’s necessary to consider the contributions Hong Kong Disneyland has made in lifting the number of tourists.(2017·扬州期末,23)A.Whatever
C.However
答案 A 解析 句意为:无论争论是什么,考虑到香港迪士尼乐园在提升游客人数方面已经做出的贡献是必要的。让步状语从句Whatever the arguments相当于Whatever the arguments are。所以答案为A。
9.One has reason to believe that China’s anticorruption over the past few years,________,has achieved inspiring progress.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,30)A.tough as it is
C.so tough it is
答案 A 解析 句意为:人们有理由相信中国的反腐败在过去的几年里尽管进行得很艰难,但已经取得了鼓舞人心的进展。as引导让步状语从句时,用部分倒装结构,即名词(单数时零冠词)/形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语(动词)。故选A项。
10.How come every kid today is meant to be a champion for something ________ we know every kid can’t be a star?(2017·苏北六市联考,23)A.in case
C.when
答案 C 解析 句意为:既然我们知道不是每一个孩子都能成为明星,那为什么现在的每个孩子都必须是某个方面的优胜者呢?in case如果,引导条件状语从句;as if好像,引导表语从句或方式状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句。when在此处表示“既然”,符合句意。故选
B.as if D.unless B.as tough as it is D.as it is tough B.Whichever D.Whenever B.after D.since C项。
11.________ you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times,loving your parents is a normal and satisfying part of life.(2017·南通一模,26)A.Even if
C.As though
答案 A 解析 句意为:尽管有的时候你认为父母很刻薄,但是敬爱父母是生活中很正常而且令人有满足感的事情。even if尽管;now that既然;as though仿佛,好像;in case以防,万一。故选A项。
12.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year,new figures show,________ families saw a rise in female breadwinners.(2017·南京、盐城二模,24)A.if
C.because
答案 B 解析 句意为:新的数据表明,随着家庭中挣钱养家的女性数量的上升,全职父亲的数量也在去年创出了新高。if引导条件状语从句;because引导原因状语从句;though引导让步状语从句。as随着„„,引导时间状语从句,故选B项。
13.We should protect our environment from being polluted ________ our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,28)A.as if
C.even if
答案 B 解析 句意为:我们应该保护我们的环境免受污染,这样我们的下一代就可以享受蔚蓝的天空,过健康的生活。as if好像;so that以便,为的是;even if即使;in case以防万一。故选B。14.His injuries were severe.Five minutes late,______ he would have died.(2016·扬州一模,31)A.but
C.so
答案 D 解析 祈使句+连词+陈述句=If引导的条件句+主句。如果原句中的连词是and,那么可以转换成一个肯定的条件句;如果原句中的连词是or,可以转换成一个否定的祈使句。句意
B.or D.and B.so that D.in case B.as D.though B.Now that D.In case 为:他的伤很严重,如果再晚五分钟,他就会死掉。本句可以转换成:If it had been five minutes late,he would have died.。
15.Modern science has found that ________ one is using chopsticks,over 30 joints and over 50 muscles are used,which is a favorable stimulation to the brain.(2016·苏北四市质量抽测,26)A.since
C.unless
答案 D 解析 since因为;although虽然;unless除非;while当„„时候。句意为:现代科学发现,当人在用筷子时,有30个关节和50块肌肉共同作用,这对于大脑来说是个有利的刺激。16.She felt totally hopeless about the future ________ one day she learned about a charity which provided microloan to women to start business.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,32)A.until
C.unless
答案 A 解析 句意为:她对将来感到彻底绝望了,直到有一天她得知有个慈善机构能给开始创业的妇女提供微贷。until直到„„为止,引导时间状语从句;once一旦,引导时间状语从句;unless除非,如果不,引导条件状语从句;when引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知,选A。17.________ we never get entirely knocked out of the game,hope always remains.(2016·扬州一模,28)A.Although
C.Even though
答案 B 解析 句意为:只要我们没有完全被淘汰出游戏,就总会有希望。although尽管;so long as只要;even though尽管;unless如果不,除非。根据句意可知上下文之间是条件关系,所以使用so long as引导这个从句。
18.I see no reason why they shouldn’t go on playing basketball for another four or five years ________ they are fit enough.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州二模,26)A.unless
C.though
答案 D
B.so that D.providing that B.So long as D.Unless B.once D.when B.although D.while 解析 句意为:假如他们足够健康,我找不出他们不应该再打四五年篮球的理由。unless除非;so that以便,结果;though尽管;providing that假如,以„„为条件。故D正确。19.Peter bought a map as soon as he got to Los Angeles ________ he lost his way there.A.as though
C.even if
答案 D 解析 句意为:彼得一到洛杉矶就买了一张地图,以免在那里迷路。as though好像;now that既然;even if即使;in case以防,以免,符合语境。故选D项。20.True friends are those who are always there ________ you are rich or poor.A.however
C.when
答案 D 解析 句意为:真正的朋友是那些无论你贫穷还是富有都在你身边的人。whether...or无论„„还是,符合句意,故选D。
B.no matter D.whether B.now that D.in case
第四篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第2讲非谓语动词
第2讲 非谓语动词
1.Many Chinese brands,________ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏,21)A.having developed
C.developed
答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“________their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系,且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries,这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作,因此选A。
2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京,27)A.save
C.to save
答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。
3.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京,30)A.ranging
C.to range
答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为:国家公园有一大批野生生物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从„„到„„(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。
4.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京,32)
B.range D.ranged B.saving D.saved
B.being developed D.developing A.to spend
C.spending
答案 D
B.spend D.spent
解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词形式。
5.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ________.(2017·天津,10)A.catching
C.to catch
答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为:整个会议期间,我一直在看时间,因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,且catch与a train是动宾关系,故用动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。
6.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津,14)A.being allowed
C.having allowed
答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。
7.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江苏,28)A.to hide
C.hiding
答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为:在艺术评论中,你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系,故要用过去分词作后置定语。
8.________ it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京,26)A.Made
C.Making
答案 D
B.Make D.To make B.hidden D.being hidden B.allowing D.allowed B.caught D.to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知,make的逻辑主语为you,you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,结合句意可知,非谓语动词在这里作目的状语,故选D。
9.________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京,28)A.Ordering
C.Having ordered
答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为:那些书一周前已经预定了,现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故选D。
10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津,4)A.making
C.made
答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词,所以make只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。11.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江,10)A.having conducted
C.conducting
答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中没有连词,所以空处用非谓语动词,且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。12.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江,19)A.working
C.to work
答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。
B.work D.worked B.to be conducted D.conducted B.to make D.being made B.To order D.Ordered 题干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,是固定搭配,故选A。13.Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏,24)A.being spent
C.spent
答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为:长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
14.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津,8)A.To work
C.To be working
答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。work与其逻辑主语Steve之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词形式;同时work的动作发生在谓语动作managed to finish之前,故要用完成时。
15.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30)A.wondering
C.to wonder
答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:那名店员看到一张友善的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系,且wonder与主句动作stood是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。16.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南,34)A.to talk over
C.talk over
答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。
B.talked over D.having talked over B.wonder D.wondered B.Worked D.Having worked B.having spent D.spending 17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆,11)A.used
C.using
答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,且use表示的动作与主句谓语动作find同时发生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。
18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江,18)A.perform
C.to perform
答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。
19.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陕西,18)A.taking
C.take
答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是do,doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do;若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。
20.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽,27)A.Ignore
B.Ignoring B.taken D.be taken B.performing D.being performed B.having used D.use C.Ignored
答案 B
D.Having ignored 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.-ing短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。
一、常考考点
1.在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语
The teacher devoted his life to his career,making most of his students successful in study.这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业,使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。2.在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children,I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后,我知道什么是最需要的。
3.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back,the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.这位妇女在打扫富人的房子,她的孩子正睡在她的背上。
4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词
His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具,把妹妹弄哭了。
二、易错点梳理
1.表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize,surprised and happy.他中了大奖,又惊喜又快乐。
句中surprised形式上是过去分词,但已转化为形容词,在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。2.在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题
Dressed in a white skirt,the girl looks like an angel.穿着白色裙子,这个女孩看上去像天使。
dressed是过去分词,但它没有被动的意思,而表示“穿着”这一主动意义。3.在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题
Looking tired and weak,the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱,她应该请一天假去看医生。look在本题中为感官动词,感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动。4.从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题
用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致,有时不一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,从而构成“分词的独立主格结构”。Seen from this angle,the mountain looks like a face of a man.从这个角度看,这座山看起来像一个人的脸。
Time permitting,I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.时间允许的话,明天下午我就和你一起去那里。
5.在“and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个选项表面上像非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。
1.Many natural disasters took place across the country,________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模,28)A.to have brought
C.only to bring
答案 B 解析 句意为:很多自然灾害发生在全国各地,结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知,设空处应为结果状语。only to do作结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,不符合本题语境;自然灾害的发生造成生命财产的损失是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,故选B项。
2.“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks,” the spokesman continued,“ ________ to several hot issues,witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·华庚中学测试,31)A.refer
C.having referred
B.referring D.referred B.only bringing D.having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为:发言人继续说道,“习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。” 根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应是非谓语动词作定语修饰talks,talks与refer to...之间存在主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故选B项。
3.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com,________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,29)A.proving
C.to be proved
答案 A 解析 句意为:《三体》迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品,这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。proving that...是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选A。
4.To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,23)A.breaking into
C.broken into
答案 C 解析 句意为:令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知,主语the house与break into之间为被动关系,即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into,故选C项。5.—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh,Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never ________ again.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,24)A.to find
C.finding
答案 B 解析 句意为:——Tim怎么了?——噢,他的手机不小心忘在出租车上,再也找不回来了。Tim’s cell phone和find之间是被动关系,且find的动作在谓语动词动作之后,故用动词不定式的一般被动式,故答案为B。
B.to be found D.being found B.having broken into D.being broken into B.to prove D.will prove 6.In a diverse society,one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·启东中学月考,32)A.it being
C.there being
答案 D 解析 句意为:在一个多样化的社会,一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect一词的非谓语动词用法,即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其与there be句式的混合考法,即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。
7.The water was now two feet deep,making it difficult,if not impossible,________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模拟,22)A.getting
C.to get
答案 C 解析 句意为:水现在有两英尺深,即使有可能,也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语,it是形式宾语,difficult是补足语,故答案为C。
8.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences,thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京学情调研,28)A.to inspire
C.inspired
答案 B 解析 句意为:根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众,从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗号前面为主句,其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及thus可知空格处表示自然而然的结果,故选B项。
9.The white building,________ threats to pull it down,is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋联考,11)A.to survive
C.surviving
答案 D 解析 句意为:在险些被拆除后,那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。the white building与survive之间应为主动关系且
B.survived D.having survived B.inspiring D.having inspired B.got D.get B.it to be D.there to be survive先于句子谓语动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,相当于after引导的时间状语从句,故选D项。
10.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government,the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,31)A.to be collected
C.being collected
答案 A 解析 句意为:大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集,余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知,逗号后不能构成句子,应用独立主格结构。the rest与collect之间存在被动关系;根据the coming charity concerts可知,余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐,应用动词不定式的被动结构,故选A项。
11.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·镇江期末,28)A.heard
C.hearing
答案 A 解析 句意为:女性值得被有尊严地对待,她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知,空格处为宾补,make后常用不带to的不定式作宾补,排除D项;宾语voices与hear之间为被动关系,应用过去分词heard,故选A项。
12.A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,26)A.exposed
C.being exposed
答案 C 解析 句意为:明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词of后跟动名词作宾语,her children是动名词的逻辑主语,且her children和expose之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,所以正确答案为C。
13.Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模,25)
B.exposing D.to be exposed B.having heard D.to be heard
B.having been collected D.to have been collected A.increasing
C.having increased
答案 A
B.to increase D.being increased 解析 句意为:笑会使心脏功能和血液循环产生短期的变化,增加心率和氧气的消耗。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是非谓语动词作结果状语,increase带有宾语,为主动形式,此处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,故选A项。
14.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?
—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·苏州调研,28)A.to be trapped
C.trapped
答案 C 解析 句意为:——你能告诉我《加州旅馆》这首歌中的“你随时可以退房,但你永远无法离去”这句歌词是什么意思吗?——它暗示了吸毒者发现他们自己被困在了一个他们无法逃脱的监狱里。分析句子成分可知,themselves与trap之间为被动关系,故选C项。15.—Sharon,why is the man so upset now? —His wallet,mobile phone and ID card ________,the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,27)A.was stolen
C.being stolen
答案 B 解析 句意为:——Sharon,为什么那个人现在那么沮丧?——他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷了,警察正在调查而且要把他送到社会救助站。根据句子结构可知,设空处所在部分为独立主格结构,his wallet,mobile phone and ID card与steal之间存在被动关系。being stolen表示正在被偷,与题意不符,应该是已经被偷了,故选B项。
16.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes,the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、盐城二模,33)A.Winning
C.Having won
B.Won D.To win B.stolen D.having stolen B.having trapped D.trapping 答案 C 解析 句意为:在获得了破纪录的七个金球奖之后,音乐剧《爱乐之城》却出人意料地没有吸引中国的观众。根据句子结构可知,此处表示的动作先于句子谓语动作发生,即赢得奖项在先,不吸引中国观众在后。having won为现在分词的完成式,此处作时间状语,表示动作先于谓语动作发生,故选C项。
17.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·苏北六市联考,29)A.Spending
C.To spend
答案 A 解析 句意为:——Nicky作为公共关系总监要做什么事呢?——花很多时间和别人在一起。第二个说话人针对问题中的what进行回答,空格处应用动名词短语,故选A项。
18.________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle,Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·苏州一模,26)A.Touched
C.Touch
答案 B 解析 句意为:在西雅图的欢迎宴会的讲话中习近平谈及网络空间的问题时,他号召所有国家合作制定与国情相符的网络政策。句子主语Xi Jinping与touch on(谈及,涉及)之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
19.There are always some obstacles in the way,something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,26)A.to be got through B.got through C.getting through D.having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意为:总有一些障碍在挡路,一些我们实现真正的教育目标前需要克服的东西。根据句子结构可知,这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰something,get through意为“克服”,B.Touching D.To touch B.Having spent D.To have spent something与get through间为被动关系;根据句意可知,“实现真正的教育目标”是将来的事,因此“需要克服的东西”也在将来,故选A。
20.—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes,and it brings us great convenience.A.to be building
C.to have built
答案 D 解析 句意为:——据报道一座新桥已经被建造在你家乡的那条河上。——是的,它给我们带来很大的便利。根据答句的时态可知,桥已经被建造好,故设空处应用完成式,又因为bridge与build之间是动宾关系,故应用动词不定式的完成被动式。故选D项。
B.to be built D.to have been built
第五篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语
第4讲 动词与动词短语
1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25)A.held out
C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30)A.shape
C.stretch
答案 A 解析 句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。
3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down
C.get up
答案 A 解析 句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。
4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach
C.compromise
答案 C 解析 句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。
5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30)
B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off
C.turned off
答案 B
B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意为:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功,起飞,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off关掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合题意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏,33)A.gain admission to
C.take advantage of
答案 C 解析 句意为:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与……保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,均不符合题意。
7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide
C.control
答案 A 解析 句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。divide分开;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。根据句意可知选A。
8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away
C.cut off
答案 C 解析 句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。根据句意可知选C。
9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited
C.reflected
答案 C 解析 句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.abandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 体现,符合语境。limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。
10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to
C.turned a deaf ear to
答案 A 解析 句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”,符合语境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。
11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on
C.turn down
答案 A 解析 句意为:我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙,没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行,继续”,符合语境。break into打断,闯入;turn down调低,拒绝;cut off停止,中断。
12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate
C.perform
答案 D 解析 句意为:学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。
13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏,27)A.apply to
C.appeal to
答案 B 解析 句意为:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于,申请;cater for 迎合,满足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上诉;hunt for 搜寻。
14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏,29)A.wait on
C.count on
B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为:整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,关注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜访,号召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce
C.process
答案 C 解析 句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。
16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float
C.shrink
答案 A 解析 句意为:如果钢铁比水重的话,那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合语境。drown淹没,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收缩,(使)缩小;split(使)裂开,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop
C.substitute
答案 D 解析 句意为:如果你来访问中国,你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发;create创造;substitute替代;experience经历,体验。
18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face
C.raise
答案 D 解析 句意为:这个团队正在努力分析这个问题,以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提高。
19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper
C.declare
B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.analyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了不让别人听到自己的声音,她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是竖起手指示意,并没有出声。signal意为“示意”,所以答案选B项。whisper低语;declare宣布;complain抱怨。
20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince
C.avoid
答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话,你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教,咨询,找(医生)诊治,符合语境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影响。
B.consult D.affect
1.有些动词,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系动词,又可用作实义动词,怎么判断呢?系动词常跟形容词作表语;实义动词则常用副词作状语;系动词一般不用进行时,但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时,可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2.run out/run out of的区别:run out是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词;run out of是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。
3.具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”:
ache渴望;address在……上写地址;appreciate理解,意识到;count有价值;cover足以支付;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;walk遛等。
4.常见的基础词汇如get,take,put,break,look,call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝,隔离”。
1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考,32)A.pull out
C.try out
答案 A 解析 句意为:Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月,但不幸的是,由于膝伤,他不得不退出。work out计算出,锻炼;try out试验,选拔;give out散发,分发,用完。pull out退出,(使)离开,符合语境,故选A项。
2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on
答案 A 解析 句意为:如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远,最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,辍学;catch on流行起来;spring up突然出现。故选A项。
3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末,30)A.give up
C.hold up
答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你设法在危机中幸存下来,思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受,拿起,举起,占据(空间或时间),开始从事,符合句意。give up放弃;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;put up举起,升起,设立,建造,提供住宿,张贴,悬挂。故选B项。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,27)A.distinguish
C.adjust
答案 B 解析 句意为:你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起,他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起,使有关系,符合题意。distinguish区别,区分;adjust调整,校准;divorce离婚,使分离。
B.associate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,30)A.caters to
C.appeals to
答案 C 解析 句意为:和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感,但独居对我更有吸引力,因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,为……服务;refer to参考,指的是;respond to响应,回应。
6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining
C.guaranteeing
答案 B 解析 句意为:随着经济的成熟,在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义,使明确;guarantee保证,担保;assure保证,确保。均不符合语境。assume承担,呈现,假定,认为,assume a greater role承担更大的作用,符合题意,故选B项。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports
C.transforms
答案 A 解析 句意为:最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节,适应;transform使改观,使变形;relate联系,均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”,符合语境,故选A项。
8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.reveal
C.preview
答案 C 解析 句意为:在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中,学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知,此处指预先进行实验,preview预展,预演,符合语境。故选C项。
9.The Palace of Versailles,France’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,23)
B.reserve D.provide B.adjusts D.relates B.assuming D.assuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through
C.led to
答案 A
B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意为:凡尔赛宫,法国的国宝,在它一个世纪的历史中,经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现,接纳;lead to导致;show off炫耀。go through经历,经受,此处注意动宾搭配,go through changes经历变化,符合语境,故选A项。
10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,31)A.taking up
C.breaking up
答案 A 解析 句意为:得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出,有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据;divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根据句意可知,答案为A。
11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研,23)A.involve
C.associate
答案 A 解析 句意为:友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动;它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),符合句意。request要求,请求;associate联系,联想;deliver递送,运送,发表(讲话),接生。
12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研,27)A.get over
C.hand over
答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为这个实验支持我的理论,但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查,温习,复习,符合句意。get over克服,战胜,恢复;take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交给,递给,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、盐城一模,29)A.smile on
C.see through
B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为:——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦,真可惜!smile on对……加以称赞,对……青睐,符合句意。concentrate on专心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,识破;live through经历过,经受住,经历……而幸存。
14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate
C.negotiate
答案 A 解析 句意为:20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视,区别,辨别;conclude断定,结束;negotiate协商,谈判;compensate弥补,补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字,符合题意,故选A项。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,25)A.make his way
C.give his way
答案 B 解析 句意为:——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的,但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进,行进;get one’s way随心所欲,为所欲为;没有give one’s way这种形式,只有give way to “给……让路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。
16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,27)A.identify
C.combine
答案 D 解析 句意为:最近一项研究显示,吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力,从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定;correspond对应;combine结合;interfere干扰。故选D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意为:人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4:1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出;work out算出;set off动身,引起;put out
B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄灭。故选C。
18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,25)A.releasing
C.refreshing
答案 A 解析 句意为:在气愤时心疼一下自己,找个僻静处散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放;recover恢复,再生;refresh恢复精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.accustomed
C.entitled
答案 C 解析 句意为:如果你从来没有工作过的话,就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯;resign辞职;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合资格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利,符合语境,故选C项。
20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release
C.reveal
答案 C 解析 句意为:通过把这个理论应用于这个问题,我们能够去除细节,使简单的模式显现出来。release释放,发布;reject拒绝,排斥;replace代替。reveal显示,揭示,符合题意,故选C项。
B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling