第一篇:XX届高考英语第一轮名词性从句语法专题教案
XX届高考英语第一轮名词性从句语法专
题教案
XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:名词性从句(新人教版)
【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,相当于名词,故称为名词性从句。
【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语,即句子充当主语,该句子称为主语从句。
【完成例句】
根据句意选词填空
Thathewillsucceediscertain.whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.whathesaidisnottrue.whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【结论】①that-从句,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,没有具体意义,不充当句子成分,只起标志性作用,但that不能省略。
②whether-从句,从句于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换。
③特殊疑问词-从句,从句于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。
【疑难1】whoheisisnoneofmybusiness.【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。
【疑难2】ThathelikesEnglishisknowntousall.whathesaidatthemeetingmademesad.【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。
【
疑
难
3】ThatXXAsianGamesaresuccessfulisknowntoall.【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语,视为单数。
【疑难3】Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.Itisjohnthatbrokethewindow.【疑难剖析3】1.主语从句通常由it充当形式主语,而本身放在句子末尾。
2.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
3.用it作形式主语的常用结构[]
①Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……
Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
②Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然……
Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……
③Itis+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…似乎……
Ithappenedthat…碰巧……
Itappearsthat…似乎……[]
④It+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道……
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实……
Itissaidthat…据说……
【
疑
难
5】ItissaidthatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.[]
ThatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.【疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
.if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。
2.Itissaid
/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
3.Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。[]
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4.Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.5.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?
【疑难6】what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑难剖析6】what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,而that则不充当任何成分。
二、宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句,通常放在主句谓语动词或介词之后。
【完成例句】[]
根据句意选词填空
Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.【结论9】①由that引导的宾语从句,that在从句中不充当任何成分。
②由what引导的宾语从句,what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
③whether引导的宾语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。
【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别
Iaskedherif/whethershehadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.we'reworriedaboutwhetherheissafe.Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.Idon'tknowwhethertogo.【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以,但有只用whether的特殊情况:动词discuss后;介词后;whether与ornot连用时;whethertodo。
【疑难2】IamafraidI'vemadeamistake.【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时,可以省略that。
【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语:
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
【疑难3】wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑难剖析3】it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾。
【疑难4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.【疑难剖析4】后边不能直接跟that从句的动词有:
allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
【疑难5】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.【疑难剖析5】有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that-从句”结构中,这类动词常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。
【疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析6】否定的转移:若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
三、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
【完成例句】
根据句意填空
Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.【结论1】
①完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导,且不可省略;
②表“是否”含义时用whether;
③语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词,如what,when,where,why等;
④两种特殊句型:thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。
四、同位语从句
在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。
【完成例句】
根据句意选词填空
Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,可以接同位语从句的名词主要
有
:fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。
【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置
Hegotthenewsfrommarythanthesportsmeetingwasputoff.【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别
ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
【疑难剖析2】定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时可以在从句中作某个成分,而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述名词的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。
第二篇:2017高考英语——名词性从句
2017年高考题
【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要做主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B。考点:考查连词。【名师点睛】
主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„
【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 试题分析:A.why 为什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。考点:考查连词。
【2017·江苏】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】
B.which
C.what
D.how
【名师点睛】
这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构,需要注意的是,half of后面的价格是以前的价格。如果是定语从句,那么half of后面的价格则是$20的一半,即$10,再结合“down to”可知,原来的价格
高于$20,因此不是定语从句。
介词of后跟宾语,因此这里是宾语从句,通过分析句子成分可知,宾语从句缺少宾语,因此用what引导。
宾语从句
1.动词后的宾语从句 1)that引导的宾语从句
后常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等
2)wh-,if引导的宾语从句
后常接wh-,if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句”
常使用此类结构的动词有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。
4)“动词+it十形容词/名词+that从句”
常见的后接it作形式宾语的动词有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式宾语的特殊句型
常见的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb.that...;take it for granted that.2.形容词后宾语从句
后常接宾语从句的形容词有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。
3.介词后宾语从句
后常接宾语从句的介词有on,about,in,but,except等。4.宾语从句需要注意的问题
1)当主句是一般现在时或者一般将来时时,宾语从句可根据句子意思选择用所需要的时态。2)当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。
3)但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时,宾语从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。4)当主句谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,宾语从句的意义是否定时,not要转移到主句中;但当从句有否定意义的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等词时,否定词不转移。5)主句中谓语是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同时,wh-连词引导的表示疑问的宾语从句,应将连词wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑问语序,从句语序不变。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(错句)
6)当主句动词是wish时,从句的时态要用虚拟语气;当主句的动词是suggest,demand,require等词时,从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。
7)if常可代替whether,但是当从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。
8)引导宾语从句的that常可省略,但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时,第二个从句的that不能省略。考点:宾语从句
【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C 考点:考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定,首先确定连词的词义,然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为是否。
2016年高考题
1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语,“________ you can do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。考点:考查主语从句 【名师点睛】
主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„
2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that
C.whether
D.why
考点:考查表语从句 【名师点睛】
表语从句 Predictive Clauses(在be动词 后)
1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task. This/That/It is because „
I think it is because you are doing too much. The reason why„is that„
The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情况
* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中 * 在介词后的宾语从句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时
He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what
C.as
D.that
【名师点睛】
that 引导主语从句:由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。1.It + be + 形容词+that从句
适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。
1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显,他们急需援助。
2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。
表语为 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时,谓语动词的形式一般为“should + 动词原形”
3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握电脑。
4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自杀了 2.It +be +名词词组+ that从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2)―Tom has a bad cold.汤姆患了重感冒。
―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。
3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷钢笔,真是太丢脸了。shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。3.It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句
常有的过去分词有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。
过去分词表示:建议,命令,愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等词时,从句需用虚拟语气。动 词形式为:should + 原型。
1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。
2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。考点:考查主语从句
4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选 B。
考点:考查同位语从句。
【名师点睛】解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分,来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的同位语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判断是否是同位语从句,还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句,如果可以讲的通,一般就是同位语从句,例如这题中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考题
1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that
C.where
D.who
【考点定位】考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表达。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where
C.what
D.why
【考点定位】考查名词性从句。
【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种,宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下,宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语,也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。
3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,what与for连用,表示目的。故选A。【考点定位】考查名词性从句
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种,名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型。isn’t后跟一个从句作表语,what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语;why和when作状语。介词for后缺少宾语,因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what
B.who
C.that D.whoever B.whom
C.why
D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,请确定查看水面下有什么?通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头,B选项和D选项用于指人,that 只有语法意义。句式上,该句用了(If 从句,祈使句)的句式,非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头,可以得出答案是what.【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词
【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句,因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表达。
5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:我们必须弄明白什么时候来,因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。
C.where D.why 根据句意选when。【考点定位】考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】 宾语从句连接词的考查,宾语从句一共分为三类,一由that引导的宾语从句;二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句,这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分。三由if或whether引导宾语从句。首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类,再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个,是否符合当时的语境。
6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】
【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。通常情况下,宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导;如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if;而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词。通过四个选项,排除1、2两种情况。而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握。此句中,主语、宾语、定语并不缺少,故选项C、D是错误的,再根据句意,只有B最为恰当。
7.【2015·陕西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】
【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句,再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。
8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查宾语从句。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式题提问的,故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点,引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分,不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同。通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词,及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语,但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析。
9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:句意:李白是中国一位伟大的诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语,is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意,where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。【考点定位】名词性从句
【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子结构变得稍显复杂,因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰,看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择,然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则,同时结合句意,迅速锁定正确答案。
10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how
C.why
D.If
【考点定位】主语从句。
【名师点睛】主语从句分多种,解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别,尤其是连词在从句中的功能,由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别,较为容易抉择,但有的连词的形式一样,但具有不同意思,这就需要考生仔细甄别,充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。
2014年高考英语分项解析精编版
专题10名词性从句
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查主语从句的连接词。句意:准确的说,土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。考点:考查主语从句的连接词。
【名师点睛】从句分多种,主语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意主语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当主语时,这个句子就称之为主语从句。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。从而来选出合适的连接词。
2.【2014·重庆卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】
项。故本题选择B项。why表示“原因”。考点:考查同位语从句的用法。【名师点睛】 一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本题中的idea可以跟同位语从句的名词,做好此类题先分析从句的成分,然后再选择适当的连接词。
3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:本题考查宾语从句,考查方式为连接词。句意:有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息,“过去发生或现在正发生的事情,将来仍然会重复”,宾语从句中缺少主语,并且指的是事件,所以选用A。考点:考查宾语从句的用法
【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种,宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下,宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语,也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。
4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】
B.when B.whenever.D.however
D.why
考点:考查表语从句的连接词
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法,表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分,指出主语谓语,看缺少何种成分。
5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语,指代物;that 只起连接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一个;who做主语,指代人;本从句中缺少主语,根据语境可知,物做主语。所以选A。考点:考查主语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对主语从句的掌握情况。主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语。所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分,在选择连接词。
6.【2014·山东卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:imagine后需要一个宾语,“life was like„”做imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分的引导词,同时这个句子中like缺少宾语,所以空格处缺少一个兼词what。句意为:很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案选B。考点:考查宾语从句的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况,宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What, whatever,引导名词性从句,且在名词性从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判断出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
考点:考查定语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中which的用法,which所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等也就是说做题时要注意句子中是否缺少主语。宾语等成分,然后判断关系代词,学生要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用,才能面对更多的题型。
8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when
B.how
C.why
D.where 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析: A何时;B谁;C为什么;D哪儿。系动词is后是表语从句,四个选项均为连接副词,故判断缺少状语,根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点,故答案选D。句意:奶奶指着医院说,“那就是我出生的地方。” 考点:考查表语从句的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法,表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分,指出主语谓语,看缺少何种成分。
9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
【知识拓展】
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what,how,where,when...)。
考点:考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况,宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What引导名词性从句,且在名词性从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。学生必须仔细斟酌句子成分,然后再作判断。
10.【2014·江苏卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句用法。本题考查的是表语从句,注意动词make后接双宾语,即make sb.sth.故用关系词what来引导。句意:——怎么这么乱啊!你总是这么懒!——我不应该受到责备,妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。故B正确。考点:考名词性从句用法
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况,做名词性从句的题时,先划分句子结构,找出从句是什么,然后看主句完整不完整,如果主句不完整,就是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句三者之一;如果主句完整,就是同位语从句。这里就是一个表语从句,从句子成分中分析出正确答案。
11.【2014·陕西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:被延误的航班何时起飞依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends,为此前面是主语从句。Why在主语从句中做原因状语;when在主语从句中作时间状语;that在主语从句中不做任何成分;what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语,故选B.When
C.That
D.What B.what
C.that
D.who B。
考点:考查主语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对主语从句,主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。本题 when在主语从句中作时间状语,所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分,再选择连接词。
12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what
D.where
考点:考查名词性从句用法
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况,定语从句作用相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子,同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语,那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。所以做题时仔细分析题干,才能更好地做好题。
13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】
【知识拓展】这四个词在引导表语从句的区别:what引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语;how引导的表语从句,它在从句中作状语;that引导的表语从句,它在从句不做成分,没有词义;whether引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语不做成分,但是有“是否”的含义。考点:考查表语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对表语从句的掌握情况,表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
表语从句由关联词+简单句构成。表语从句就是一个句子在整个句子中处于表语的位置,通常情况下放在系动词之后。英语中的系动词不多,放在系动词后面的句子、单词、词组通常作的是表语。最常见的系动词是be动词。所以做题时仔细分析题干,才能更好地做好题。
2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之单项填空
专题10—名词性从句
1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句,指代belief的具体内容,同时从句中不缺少成分,所以用that引导,这里选B项。
【名师点睛】同位语从句和定语从句不一样,同位语从句是对同位词内容的说明不是修饰,同位语从句的that不能省略。定语从句引导词that在从句中做成分,做宾语的时候可以省略。注意二者的区别。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。此处you said 需要宾语。describes a bright future for the company需要主语,只有what能满足要求。句意:你会上所说的话是对公司发展前景的一个很好的描述。
【名师点睛】考查名词性从句的连接词要学会分析句子成分。如果主语从句缺少主宾表,用what连接主语从句,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语,所填词引导的从句作真正的主语,引导词在从句中不作成分,但其意思是:是否,用whether引导,故选D。句意:新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实施还有待观察。
【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。根据句意可知需要whether,而且It remains to be seen whether可以当成固定句型记忆。
4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A.That B.It C.What D.Which 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。________ struck me most 是主语从句,在这个从句中缺主语,因此用what引导。
【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看从句的成分。如果从句缺少主宾表,用what连接,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用,学生要会分析句子成分。
5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where
C.how
D.what 的数量,故选D。句意:警察已经找到了好像是失踪的古代雕像的东西。
【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据found可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句缺少主语,用what连接,如果不缺成分,用that连接,只起到连接的作用,不做成分。
6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that
C.which
D.where 【答案】A 【解析】
【名师点睛】解答名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据tell可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中形容词close前面缺少修饰语。用how对它进行修饰。
7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。句中的it是形式主语,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主语,用引导词that。句意:非常高兴知道,我们不在的时候这些狗会被照顾得很好。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。
8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句中主语从句连接词的用法。分析句子结构知,此句的谓语是is,其前是主语从句,从句中谓语动词want后缺宾语,故用what引导名词性从句。句意:我想告诉你的是我对我父母的深深的爱和尊敬。
【名师点睛】如果主语从句缺少主宾表,用what连接主语从句,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用,学生要会分析句子成分。表语从句也是这样。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A.why B.how C.because D.whether 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查表语从句。语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看,地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系,故用because引导表语从句。
【名师点睛】连接表语从句的连接词有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。is之前为主语从句,该从句缺主语,指的是事物,所以选B。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。连接主语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的主语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”,引导一般疑问句。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。believe后的宾语从句陈述的是一个事实,并且从句中不缺成分,所以只需填入关系词that即可。
【名师点睛】宾语从句属于名词性从句一种,宾语从句中的连接词that, whether, if在句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用;连接代词who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever)在句中做主语,宾语,表语和定语;连接副词when, why, where, how,在句中做状语。应从上下句的句法关系着手分析,同时注意宾语从句的语序问题。
第三篇:名词性从句教案
名词性从句包括:
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
• The question is who can complete the difficult task.• He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.• That she was able to come made us very happy.• He objected that it was impossible.一、主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语
That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主语从句中不作任何成分,但放在句首时不能省略。
2、问:怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢?
答:有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.试试看:新产品销售得好不好取决于它的质量和价格。
It作形式主语的几种结构:
1、It+ be +形容词+ that从句
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名词+ that从句
It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+动词+宾语+ that从句
It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+动词的被动结构+ that从句
It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式:
1、It turned out that...结果是„
2、It has been proved that...已经证明„
3、It is well-known that...众所周知„
4、It must be pointed out that...必须指出„
二、表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语
The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例:The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied. reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why。
2、表语从句不能用if引导,但可用as if引导。例如: He looked as if he was going to cry.三、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,宾语从
句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。
She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】
① 有时要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①
如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引
导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside? ③
I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句
时,反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? ④ 在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语
从句多用whether。
It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导,如用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句用that引导。
I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位语从句
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名词后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
引导同位语从句的关联词用that时,不能省略,不能用which替代
1.引导词that与what的区别
what从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)what=all that/everything that that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引导词if和whether的区别
whether或if均可表示“是否”的情况如下:
引导宾语从句。例如:
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not. 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况:
在表语从句中。例如:
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 在同位语从句中。例如:
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming. 在主语从句中。例如:
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主语,则whether和if都能引导主语从句。
例如:It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. 用于句型“名词+as to + whether”中。例如:
There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident. 后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如:
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 后面紧接or not时。例如:
We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 用if会引起歧义时。例如:
Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思 “请告诉我你是否喜欢”或 “如果你喜欢,请告 诉我”用了 whether就可以避免歧义。3.引导词who与whoever的区别
whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who或those who,它
既是从句的主语,又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语,它
引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引导词what与whatever的区别
whatever引导名词性从句时,与what差不多,只是语气上更强
些,有“任何一切„„”之意。
This is exactly what I want. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句本身完整,定语从句不完整,因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.从结构看,同位语从句常由连接词that引导,虽在从句中不充 当任何成分,但不可省略。而定语从句中由关系代词引导,代替先行 词,并在从句中充当成分(主语或宾语),充当宾语时常可省略。6.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
将 “it is/was„that„”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是强调句,否则是that引导的主语从句 如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever与no matter who;whatever与no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语
从句;no matter who和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(=No matter what)you may think,I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名词性从句中的语气
(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...+that从句中,从句中的谓语动词用“should+原形动词”表虚拟语气,且should 可省略。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词,后接that从句时,从句
中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+原形动词”,且should 可省略。
Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气:“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
这类名词有:advice,agreement,command,decision,demand, determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同样,如主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,那么that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.
第四篇:名词性从句教案
新课程与创新教学活动设计大赛
类型: 语法
乌鲁木齐外国语学校(第十二中学)
赵丽
名词性从句学案
一、学习目标
1、本阶段大纲要求
近年来,引导名词性从句的连接代词及连接副词为高考必考项目。此语法项目除单选外,完形,短文改错也考。另外学好它,对阅读理解是大有好处的。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
2、本阶段重点、难点
1表命令建议order,(命令),suggestion, advice(建议)
的名词后的表语从句 2.that.whether的区别 3.What, that, which 4:that 的省略
5: whoever引导的名词性从句 6:because引导的表语从句 7: 名词性从句皆用陈述语序
二、基础知识体系、重点内容、题的类型及解题方法等 基础知识体系
名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所起的作用分为:
1)连接代词:who(-ever), what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose 2)连接副词:when, where, why, how 3)连接词:that, whether, if 连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用
名词性从句的难点把握
1由whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引导的名词性从句 这些词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词词组:
whoever=anyone who„“任何„„的人”;whomever是whoever的宾格形式 whatever=anything that„ “任何„„的物”
whichever=any „ that„ “任何„„的(已知范围内的或上文提到过的)人或物” that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.The suggestion(that/which)he raised at the meeting is very good.对比发现上句中的that只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,因此它引导的是同位语从句,其中that不能省略;下句中that不仅起引导作用,同时在从句中还充当了动词raised的宾语,因此它是定语从句,此时that可用which代替,又因其在定语从句中充当宾语,故又可省略。
2.名词性从句中的what和that what和that的选用一直是学生学习的一个难点,正确选择的关键是看该从句结构是否相对完整、是否缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分而定。he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.The problem is what we should do to protect the ear What th.The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth.3.名词性从句中的whether和if 在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中遇“是否”句用whether引导而不用if;在宾语从句中whether和if常可换用。4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词义出现时,不管是在哪一种从句中,常用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词形式为(should)+ 动词原形,其中should可省略。常用词有insist, suggest, order, demand等。三. 教学步骤。1.复习句型结构。
带领学生复习一下英语当中的五种简单句型结构以及主从复合句和并列句,并分清楚他们之间的区别与联系。
简单句 S + V
He fled.S + V + O
He didn’t invite me.S + V + P
I am a teacher.S + V + Oo
He promised me a bike as my birthday gift.S + V + O + C
I want you to assist me.简单句 + 并列连词
+简单句
→ 并列句
简单句 + 并列连词
+ 主从复合句 → 并列句
2.分辨句子。从以下所给的例题中选出名词性从句并标明是哪种名词性从句。
1.The people invited to the ball may dress __ they please.宾从
A.however
B.whatever
C.wherever
D.whenever 2.I can't quite remember __ you started doing the work.宾从
A.that it was when
B.when it was that C.when was it that
D.that was it when 3.Please tell me ________ you would like to have your coffee, black or white? 宾从
A.what
B.whether
C.when
D.how 4.Is this the factory _______ you visited the other day? 定从 A.in which
B.which
C.where
D.the one 5.But the fact remains ________ we are behind other groups.同位语从句 A.that
B.when
C.what
D.it 6.We leave it to your own judgment _______ you should do it.宾从 A.because
B.that
C.whether
D.what 7.This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.定从 A.where
B.which
C.that
D.in that A.regard that
B.consider that
C.look that
D.treat what 8.____ has made China ____ she is today? 主从
A.What, that
B.That, what
C.What, what
D.That, that 9.______ frightened us ____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness.主从 表从
A.It was, that B.What, most was that
C.It, mostly that
D.What, most was what 10.They are good friends.____ is no wonder that they know each other so well.主从
A.This
B.That
C.There
D.It 11.It was ______ he said ______ that disappointed me.强调句 主从
A.what;that
B.that;that
C.what;what
D.that;what 12.He has given us a suggestion ____ we should buy a cottage in the country with the money _________we have saved.同位语从句 定从
A.that , what
B.which, which
C./, which
D.that, /
13.She is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ______you have told him.宾从 定从
A.that, that
B.what, that
C.what, which
D.which, what 14.The reason __ we were late is __ we missed the train.定从 表从
A.why;because
B.why;that
C.why;why
D.that;that 因高三为复习课,所以在复习完基本句型的基础上作此练习,可以帮助学生进一步去熟悉句型结构,为名词性从句的掌握打下基础。三.做题,讨论,自我总结。
在这一板块,先给学生8分钟时间完成上述题目,之后三人小组讨论进行答案分析,然后老师给出正确答案,并对学生自己无法解决的题目进行讲解。然后,再次进入讨论环节,并进行自我总结,总结出在做名词性从句当中须注意的点。1.连词的选用。1.名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所起的作用分为:
1)连接代词:who(-ever), what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose 2)连接副词:when, where, why, how 3)连接词:that, whether, if 连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用
2.名词性从句需使用陈述语气。3.连词if和 whether 的区别。
A 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
B 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。
C 在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
D 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:
例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
E 用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
5.表命令建议order,(命令),suggestion, advice(建议)
的词后跟的从句使用虚拟语气sb should do, should 可以省略 一主张:insist 二命令:order command 三建议:suggest advise recommend 四命令:desire demand require request 6.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.The suggestion(that/which)he raised at the meeting is very good.对比发现上句中的that只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,因此它引导的是同位语从句,其中that不能省略;下句中that不仅起引导作用,同时在从句中还充当了动词raised的宾语,因此它是定语从句,此时that可用which代替,又因其在定语从句中充当宾语,故又可省略。四.巩固练习。五.课后反思。
因为是高三的学生,所以本节课主要以复习旧知识和巩固练习为主,而且在整节课中以学生为主体,让学生去活动以得出最后的知识,效果较好。但是因为有的学生基础知识较差,在活动中参与性不强。
第五篇:名词性从句 (教案)
名词性从句(教案)
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句,通称为名词性从句。根据它们在句子中所起的作用,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
关于what 所引导的名词从句
what 引导名词性从句时,可表示两种意义:一是疑问意义,即“什么”;二是表示“„的东西”、“„事情”,相当于the thing which.Do you know what that is ? This is what he has asked for.主语从句
主语从句可以直接放在主语的位置上;也可以用it 作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。That 引导的主语从句用it 作形式主语的尤为多见。1)That light travels in straight lines is known to all.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.2)When the plane is to take off has not been announced.It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.用it 作形式主语从句结构
it 引导的主语从句已经形成下面的四种固定用法: 1)It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that „ 2)It is +形容词+从句 It is necessary that.„ 3)It is +过去分词+从句 It is said „
4)It +不及物动词+从句 It seems that „
注意:不要将强调句里的强调词it 和形式主语it 混淆起来。强调句是it is(was)+强调部分+ that(who)„。John bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.It was John that(who)bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.(强调主语)
It was a toy plane that John bought for his son yesterday.(强调宾语)
It was for his son that John bought a toy plane yesterday.(强调目的状语)
It was yesterday that John bought a toy plane for his son.(强调时间状语)
宾语从句
1.作动词的宾语:
Everybody knows that matter takes up space.2.作介词宾语:
This depends on how hard you work.3.作形容词宾语:
They are confident that they can do it well.4.要注意的问题:
1)引导词that的省略:
I think(that)you are right.2)形式宾语it:
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.3)否定意义的转移:
think, believe, suppose, expect, I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.4)插入语疑问句:
I think that John will arrive at five o’clock.When do you think John will arrive? They said that they had cleaned the classroom.What did they say they had done?
表语从句
1.和be, seem, remain, look联系动词连用的表语从句:
My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately.It looks that it is going to rain.2.Where, why, how 等引导的表语从句: That is why we called off the meeting.This is how we did it.注:主语是reason的表语从句that 要用引导,不要误用because: The reason(why)he was late was that he missed the bus.(不能用because)
同位语从句
同位语从句用于表示名词的内容,对其加以解释。常见的词有:fact, idea, news, conclusion.The doctor came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer.The discovery that every heavenly body has gravity was made by Newton.注:同位语从句和定语从句的区别:同位语从句是对前面名词的补充说明;定语从句则是对前面名词的修饰和限定。
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句)
The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句)