第一篇：高中英语语法总结大全之动词
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。
一、实义动词
动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
1、根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
2、根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）
3、动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：
有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟ill，此处ill是形容词，不符合通常情况下的动词+副词的规则。）
He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。思考：此处fell是及物动词还是不及物动词？
1、状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2、持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。（动词后跟形容词）This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。（动词后跟名词）
3、表像系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems very sad.他看起来很伤心。
4、感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.2
5、变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：
He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。
6、终止系动词（不作为高中重点）
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如： The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）总结：系动词后通常跟形容词或者名词短语，因此不同于一般动词，称为主+系+表结构，所谓表语就是系动词后面跟的形容词或者名词短语。
三、助动词
1、协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2、助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a.表示时态，例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？
你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如： I don't like him.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。
3、最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 补充：助动词should, would的用法
1）should通常表示应该
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周应该干什么。You should tell me that thing.你应该告诉我那件事
2）would通常用于过去式，表示将要。
He said he would come.他说他要来。
四、情态动词
本身有词意，直接加动词原形构成谓语，不随人称变化。Can、could； may、might； must、have to； need、dare； should、ought to；
思考：这几组词的意思以及用法的不同
第二篇：高中英语语法总结之倒装
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高中英语语法总结大全之倒装
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes.Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
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At no time___ in the meeting-room
A.is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted
C.smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit
答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did knowB.man knowC.didn't man knowD.did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.A.the game beganB.has the game begun
C.did the game beginD.had the game begun
答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but(also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.A.nor don't I careB.nor do I careC.I don't care neitherD.I don't care also
答案：B.nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.---It's raining hard.---So it is.only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：
1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A.man did knowB.man knewC.didn't man knowD.did man know
答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realizeB.did I realizeC.I didn't realizeD.I realize
答案为B。
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.A.nor don't I careB.nor do I care
C.I don't care neitherD.I don't care also
解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中
第三篇：高中英语语法总结之代词
高中英语语法总结大全之代词
人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语）
a.--Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？
b.--Me.--我。（me作主语补语= It’s me.）
说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
----I like English.--我喜欢英语。
----Me too.--我也喜欢。
----Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?
----Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格 高中英语语法总结大全
名词
名词概论
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(mon Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
名
词 专有名词
普通名词 个体名词 可数名词
集体名词
物质名词 不可数名词
抽象名词
名词复数的规则变化
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/;
2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ map-maps
bag-bags
car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词 加-es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches
ce, se, ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加-s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
其它名词复数的规则变化
1)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如：two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey---storeys story---stories
2)以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a.加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b.加es，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes
c.均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes
3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a.加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b.去f, fe 加-ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c.均可,如：handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle 高中英语语法总结大全之句子的种类
句子的种类
（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。
（说明看法）
2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
a.一般疑问句（General Questions）：
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗？
b.特殊疑问句（W Questions;H Questions）：
Where do you live?你住那儿？
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？
c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
He doesn’t know her, does he?
他不认识她，对不对？
3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
Sit down, please.请坐。
Don’t be nervous!别紧张！
4）感叹句（Exatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
What good news it is!多好的消息啊！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。
(主)(谓)
2）并列句（pound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主)(谓)(主)(谓)
食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。高中英语语法总结大全之特殊词精讲
stop doing/to do
stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
forget doing/to do
forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)
The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
Don’t forget to e tomorrow.别忘了明天e动作未做)
典型例题
----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
remember doing/to do
高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词
情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
比较can 和be able to
1）cancould 表示能力；可能(过去时用could)，只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war brot.= He managed to flee Europe before the war brot.注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
---Could I have the television on?
---Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。比较may和might 1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.
第四篇：高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词
高中英语语法之动词过去分词
简介
规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词
1.及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken.茶杯破了.2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.He is retired.他已退休.3.有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.一、当过去分词作为表语
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.二、当过去分词作为定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.三、当过去分词作为状语
1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.(1)Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是
很好.【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写.值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost / absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦).(2)Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.(1)Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表“被看”,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是“我们”,因为“我们”应主动看城市.)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.(1)The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.(2)Her head held high, she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1)Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了.(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.(grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4.过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently, moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.(1)I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)2.表示“致使”意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.(1)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发.(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.(3)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完.3.表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。如：(1)I consider the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。(2)I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.我认为自己在这场交易中被愚弄了。
4.表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want，wish，like，hate等后。如：(1)I wanted two tickets reserved.我要预定两张机票。
(2)He didn’t wish it mentioned.他不愿这事被提起。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.He had his leg broken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)
五、“with +宾语+过去分词”的结构
此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.(1)The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)(2)With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)(3)With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.(5)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.练习
1.Mr.Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring 2.On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.A.looked for B.cared for C.take care of D.cared after 3.The two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.A.being separated B.having been separated C.having separated D.had been separated 4.Let’s have a rest.The _______ work made me very ________.A.tired;tired B.tiring;tiring C.tired;tiring D.tiring;tired 5.Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A.adding B.to have added C.to add D.added 6.As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts
can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.A.informing B.to inform C.informed D.being informed 7.Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.A.surprised;surprise B.surprised;surprised C.surprised;surprising D.surprising;surprising 8.When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.A.looking B.watch at C.fixing on D.staring at 9.The film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago.A.base B.to be based C.based D.basing 10.After _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A.finished B.being finished C.having finished D.be finishing 11.Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.A.you will take B.taking C.to take D.taken 12.The students, ________ their teachers, came home.A.followed B.follow C.following D.will follow 13.The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result.A.reached B.to reach C.would reach D.reaching 14.They spent the night _________ in the room.A.having locked B.locking C.to be locked D.locked 15.He wrote a letter to the king ___________.A.hoping to be set free B.to set him free C.so that be set free D.asked to be set free 16.Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.A.make;devoted B.making;devoting C.making;devoted D.make;devoting 17.________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A.Walking B.He was walking C.Walked D.When he was walking 18.Time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.A.of learning B.to learn C.to learning D.of to learn 19.The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.A.is based on B.is on the base of C.which is the base of D.based upon 20.She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_______.A.stole B.missing C.missed D.losing 21._________ it rains, we will stay at home.A.Supposed B.Supposing C.To suppose D.If suppose 22._________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.A.Comparing;in B.Comparing;of C.Compared;in D.Compared;of 23.It’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.A.burning B.burnt C.burn D.burns 24.We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A.dated B.dating C.coming D.kept 25.The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.A.set;looked B.set;looking
C.setting;looked D.setting;looking 26.________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A.Having lost B.Losing C.Lost D.He was lost 27.The Golden Gate Bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.A.which is built B.which built C.having built D.built 28.I suggested the cheat _________ into prison.A.referred to being put B.referred be put C.referred should be put D.referred to be put 29.___________, I went out for a walk.A.There was nothing to do B.There being nothing to do C.There had nothing to do D.Had nothing to do 30.He returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.A.became engaged to him B.was engaged to him C.engaged to him before D.got engaged to him 31.__________ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.A.Disappointed B.To be disappointed C.Disappointing D.Having disappointed 32._________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.A.Hidden;armed B.Hide;armed C.hidden;arm D.Hiding;armed 33.To have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.A.made of;running B.made of;run C.made into;working D.made into;work 34.The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _______ our Chinese 15-year wait.A.to end B.ended C.ending D.ends 35.If _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.A.being buried;remain B.buried;remain C.buried;be remained D.burying;remain 36._________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.A.Having explained B.having been explained C.Explaining D.It had been explained 37.Everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.A.considering B.taken into consideration C.to consider D.taking into consideration 38.________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”.A.Seen;covered B.seeing;covering C.Seen;covering D.To see;to cover 39.A great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A.weighed B.weighing C.weighs D.weighty 40.---The plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.---I see.He is sure to finish it on time.A.made B.making C.to be made D.to make 41.From the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been marked 42.Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.A.taking off B.to be taken off C.having taken off D.taken off 43.The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.A.widely open B.wide opened C.widely opened D.wide open 44.The scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.A.being supported B.supporting C.supported D.support 45.The noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.A.fixed B.being fixed C.to be fixed D.having been fixed 46.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.A.being settled B.to be settled C.had settled D.as settled 47.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes.A.having seated B.seating C.seated D.seat 48.__________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look at B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at 49._________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A.To be judged the best B.Having judged the best C.Judged the best D.Judging the best 50.The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.A.inform B.informing C.be informed D.informed 51.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing 52.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A.wearing B.to wear C.worn D.having worn 53.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed 54.When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 55.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned 56.________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited
C.Having waited D.To have waited 57.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 58.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded 59.Having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists 60.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted 61.The old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked 62.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known 63._________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Not completed 64.Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________.A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry 65.He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 66.Sarah, hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change 67.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, __________.A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted 68.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 69.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;
disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 70.________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 71.Generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 72.Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept 73.Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 74.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 75.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun 76.________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s health.A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 77.The bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 78.Mr Reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up 79.__________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 80.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 81._________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being found B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 82.The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 83.The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;to play 84.________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 85.European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 86._________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 87.The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars 88._________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprising 89.A good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied 90.Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 91.The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 92.The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 93.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.A.open B.to be opened C.to open D.opening 94.The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 95._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.having given 96.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay 97.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 98.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating 99.________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.suffered 100.Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.A.mixed B.mixing C.mix D.is mixed
答案：1-10ABBDD CCDCC 11-20BCADB CDDDB 21-30BDABB CDDBC 31-40AACCB DBCBC 41-50BDDBB DCCCD 51-60CACBC CBABB 61-70BBAAD ADBDD
71-80BAABD CABBC 81-90CBAAA CDBAC 90-100DDADA CCCAA
第五篇：高中英语语法 动词的语气
第四章 动词的语气
一.概念
语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲
1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表
if条件句中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词
与现在的事实相反
1.行为动词用did 形式
2.be动词用were should
would
could + 动词原形
might
与过去的事实相反
had + done should
would
could + have + done
might
与将来的事实相反 1.行为动词用did
2.should + 动词原形
3.were to + 动词原形 should
would
could + 动词原形
might
3.混合时间的虚拟语气
如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做” needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
5.虚拟语气中的倒装句
如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不该…； 但愿…。” 主句谓语 从句谓语
wish 时态 谓语动词的形式
现在时
表示与wish同时发生 动词用过去时
be动词用were
过去时
表示在wish之前发生的动作 动词用had done
be用had been
将来时
表示在wish之后发生的动作 动词用would do;should do
be 用 would be;should be
1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代;主句所使用的动词时态不限。
8.suggest 为“建议去做…;命令…”从句用should + do
为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1)The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2)The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。
10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型，或should 省略。
三.巩固练习
1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.A.will be B.would have been
C.could have been D.would be
2.If I _____ you, I’d join the army.A.am B.was C.were D.would be
3.If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A.comes B.will come C.should come D.come
4.If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.A.rains B.will rains C.would rain D.should rain
5.If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.A.were to do B.do C.had done D.was to do
6.Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?
A.is B.will be C.were D.be
7.If he had worked harder, he _________.A.would succeed B.had succeeded
C.should succeed D.would have succeeded
8.If he ________, he _________ that food.A.was warned;would not take
B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.would be warned;had not taken
D.would have been warned;had not taken
9.If my lawyer _________ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A.had been;would have prevented
B.had been;would prevent
C.were;would prevent
D.were;would have prevented
10.If he ______ it, he _______ it.A.had seen;could have believed B.saw;couldn’t believe
C.saw;couldn’t have believed D.has seen;had believed
11.—Do you think the thief entered through the window?
—No, if he had, I don’t believe, _______ broken the living-room’s window.A.he would have B.he must have
C.he had D.should he have
12.—Did you go swimming last Sunday?
—No.We would have gone ______ nicer.A.if the weather was
B.would the weather have been
C.had the weather been
D.should the weather be
13.______ it ______ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not been
C.Did;not been D.Not;been您正在阅读的文章来自2xxyy.com
14._______ today, he would get there by Friday.A.Would have left B.Was he leaving
C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves
15.It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.A.should be built B.would built
C.will be built D.built
四.答案
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A
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