初中英语语法练习动词时态专项训练..

第一篇：初中英语语法练习动词时态专项训练..

初中英语语法练习动词时态专项训练

一、用所给词的适当形式填空：

1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer.(go)2.It________you are right.(seem)3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground.(play)4.He______to the radio when I came in,(listen)5.It is very cold.I think it______.(rain)6.—I need some paper.—I______ some for you.(bring)7.I can’t find my pen.Who______it ?(take)8.He said that he______back in five minutes.(come)9.I didn’t meet him.He______ when I got there.(leave)10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school.(lose)11.He______down and began to read his newspaper.(sit)12.He is very hungry.He_________ anything for three days.(not eat)13.I______with you if I have time.(go)14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine.(be)15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week.(come)16.“ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998.”(buy)17.We______good friends since we met at school.（be）18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ?(do)19.The bike is nice.How much______it______?(cost)

二、选择最佳答案填空

（）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.A.is B.was C.will be D.is going to be（）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.A.was B.has been C.is D.is going to be（）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come（）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.A.learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned（）5.Listen!Someone______in the next room.A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried（）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing（）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.A.comes B.came C.will come D.would come（）8.We can’t find him anywhere.Perhaps he______home.A.is going B.went C.has come D.would come（）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be

（）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A.was B.is C.will be D.would be（）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.A.go B.were going C.have gone D.have been

（）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.A.looks B.looked C.was looking D.has looked（）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office.A.left B.would leave C.had left D.has left（）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.A.won’t B.don’t C.haven’t D.hadn’t

（）15.—I’m afraid you can’t sit here.—Sorry , I______know.A.don’t B.won’t C.can’t D.didn’t

（）16.As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.A.read , was falling B.fell C.was reading , was falling D.read , fell（）17.—Jim is not coming tonight.—But he______!A.promises（许诺）B.promised C.will promise D.had promised（）18.—What’s her name? —I______.A.forget B.forgot C.had forgotten D.am forgetting

三、动词时态能力综合测试

（）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.A.washing B.washes C.has washed D.wash（）2.I’m Chinese.Where______from?

A.do you come B.you are coming C.you come D.are you coming（）3.May______to school.A.never walks B.is never walking C.walk never D.never is walking（）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______.A.comes B.will come C.come D.is coming（）5.How long ago______playing football? A.have you stopped B.had you stopped C.did you stop D.do you stop（）6.It______ hard when I left my house.A.is raining B.rains C.was raining D.will rain（）7.I think this question______to answer.A.easy B.is easy C.was easy D.will easy（）8.Don’t talk so loudly.Your father______.A.sleeps B.is sleeping C.slept D.had slept（）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease(疾病)？ A.are dying B.is dying C.has died D.dies（）10.I______my homework now.A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished

（）11.He______for three years.A.has joined B.has been in the army C.joined D.has served the army（）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.A.died B.was dead C.has been dead D.has died（）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.A.not have heard B.have not heard C.have heard not D.do not hear（）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.A.has B.have C.are D.is

（）15.—Did your brother go to America last year? —______.A.No , he did never go there B.No , he has never gone here C.No , he never was there D.No , he’s never been there（）16.He______ that factory since 1958.A.has left B.has worked in C.has gone from D.has come to C.have happened D.are taken place（）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.A.went B.had gone C.has gone D.has been（）18.Last week John______his leg.A.felt and broken B.fell and broke C.feels and breaks D.fallen and broken

（）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.A.puts on B.put on C.takes on D.took on（）20.He______the picture on the wall.A.hanged B.hung C.has hanged D.was hanged（）21.Next month______twenty five.A.has my sister B.my sister will be C.my sister shall have D.my sister is going to be

（）22.You______her again in a few weeks.A.will see B.have seen C.had seen D.have been seen（）23.By the end of last term we______English for two years.A.have studied B.have been studied C.would studied D.had studied（）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.A.lived B.had lived C.has lived D.will live（）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.A.already began B.has already begun C.had already begun D.was just begun（）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.A.will finish B.finish C.finishing D.finished（）27.When______, I’ll talk to him.A.does Peter come B.Peter will come C.Peter comes D.can Peter come（）28.My sister______to see me.She’ll be here soon.A.comes B.is coming C.had come D.came（）29.They said they______our answer the next day.A.had heard B.would hear of C.would hear D.will hear（）30.The old man said that light______faster than sound.A.went B.will go C.travels D.will travel 答案：

一、1.goes 2.seems 3.are playing 4.was listening 5.is raining 6.will bring 7.took 8.would come 9.has left 10.lost 11.sat 12.hasn't eaten 13.will go 14.is 15.comes 16.did buy 17.have been 18.were doing 19.does cost

二、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A

三、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.C 中考英语综合填空题专项训练01.附详解

用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文正确、通顺。每词限填一次。

on，friend，ask，and，have，until，but，cheap，invite，in，mother，beautiful，much，because，put

We are going to have a party in our house this evening.It is my（1）______ birthday，and she has（2）______ my uncles and aunts and some of her（3）______.Mother and I are（4）______ to cook most of the food for the party，and father is getting the drinks.The living-room looks very pretty.Balloons of all colours are hanging from the lights（5）______ we have taken the carpets away（6）______ we are going to dance there after dinner.In the dining-room we have（7）______ out the best plates and glasses and tablecloths，and it all looks（8）______.We are going to have soup，fish，chicken，fruit and cheese.We are going to dance（9）______ midnight，and after that，we will have（10）______ food，because we will be hungry after all that dancing.Last year my mother（11）______ her birthday party in a restaurant，（12）______ it is pleasanter and（13）______ at home.When it is my birthday，I am going to invite my friends and have a party in the garden.I will hang pretty lights（14）______ the trees and we will grill our food in the garden and

6.because.前后又都是句子，且为转折关系，所以用连词but.dance（15）______ the grass.「答案与解析」

本文讲述的是即将为母亲的生日party作准备的事情，以及对去年母亲生日party的回顾和对本人生日的设想。

1.mother‘s.从与前后的单词的搭配来看应填“某人的”，在方框中只有friend’s和mother‘s两个；由下文的描述，特别是第三段的第一句，可知应填mother’s.2.invited.因为要举行party，自然就会邀请亲朋好友。由前面的has可知要用现在完成时表示已经邀请了，所以用invite的过去分词invited.3.friends.见上题。

4.asked.由are可知，用ask sb to do sth的被动式，所以用过去分词。

5.and.两句之间一定是选连词，两句之间是并列关系用and.7.put.首先应判断用动词，又从后面的the best plates and glasses等可知应是已经

“摆放”出来，所以用put的过去分词put.8.beautiful.摆放的是最好的东西，房间看起来自然就是美的。

9.until.表示某种动用一直延续到某个时候用until.10.more.由后文跳饿了，自然就会吃得更多。

11.had.与party搭配用have，因为是去年，所以用一般过去时had.12.but.前后是转折关系用but.13.cheaper.与形容词pleasanter并列的也一定是形容词，且为比较级，在方框中选

出cheap和beautiful，根据常识应是cheaper.14.in.表示在树上一般用介词in.注意表示在树上结的果子时又一般在on了。

15.on.跳舞当然是在草地上，所以用on.中考英语综合填空题专项训练02.附详解 根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词，使短文的意思完整，需填单词的第一个字母已经给出。

1.among.表示最高级的比较范围，意为“在……中”，一般用of或among，等介词，此处已有首字母a，所以是among.It is well-known that man is much cleverer than any animal.But which is the cleverest a_______（1）the animals？ Some scientists t_______（2）it should be Alex，an African 2.think.根据前面的提问有首字母t可知是think，表示“有的科学家认为最聪明的动物应当是Alex”。

grey parrot.He is unlike any other animal.He can really t_______（3）with people！

When he says “come here”，he really w_______（4）someone to come up to him.“

“Alex is as clever as a c_______（5）of 2 or 3 years old，” says Dr.Pepperberg.“He does not just repeat the s_______（6）he has been taught.He u_______（7）the words！”

Alex can tell about 50 d_______（8）things，name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6.Is the parrot actually thinking in the w_______（9）how man does？ Nobody can say.But the q_______（10）is very interesting.答案与解析

本文论述了非洲灰色鹦鹉被一些科学家认为是最聪明的动物。

3.talk.根据下文对他会讲会的描述和空格后的with，可知是talk with sb（同……

谈话）。

4.wants.根据前面的come here及后文的句式搭配可知是want sb to do sth（想要某人做某事）。

5.child.根据后面的两叁岁可知是小孩。

6.sounds.由前文的talk和后文的words可知是重复教他讲话的声音。

7.understands.从后文的描述可知，他不但会重复教他的声音而且还明白其意思。

8.different.根据things是复数及首字母的提示可知是指不同的（different）事物。9.way.根据句意“他的思维方式是否与的思维方式一样呢？”。搭配：in the way用这种方式。

10.question.上文“Is the parrot…？”提出的是一个问题。

中考英语综合填空题专项训练04.附详解

根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语，使短文意思完整。

Perhaps more than any other people，Americans have come to depend on their cars.The family car（1）______（一直是）a common thing（2）______（从……以来）the early twentieth century，and it has changed American life.Many people have moved（3）______（外面）of the large cities to the suburbs.Some Americans spend（4）______（每天两小时）or more in their cars（5）______（去上班）and home again.Cars have become the（6）______（工具）of transportation for most Americans going shopping，and even going on vacations.Americans（7）______（过去常常）like big cars，and gasoline used to be very inexpensive.Recently，（8）______（然而），the cost of gasoline has increased； smaller

cars have become（9）______（更常见）。Also foreign cars have become very common.Americans have bought（10）______（大量的）Japanese and German cars.They have bought cars from several other countries as well.「答案与解析」

美国多数人都拥有汽车，因此有“车轮上的民族”之称，本文就是讲美国人使用汽

车的一些情况的。

1.has been.句中无动词，由“是”可知要用be；结合第2题可知要用be的现在完成时态。

2.since.它引出的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。

3.outside.修饰动词moved要用副词outside；另外，短语outside of是“……的外面”。

4.two hours a day.注意表示单位时间的词“每天（a day）”要放后面。又如：每小时十公里ten kilometers an hour.5.going to work.注意与前面spend的句型搭配：spend…（in）doing sth 花多少时间或金钱做某事。6.means.注意means（工具、方法、手段）这本单词本身就是以s结尾的，且单复数同形，若作主语要根据句意来确定是单数还是复数。

7.used to.表示过去常常用“used to +动词原形”。

8.however.注意however是副词，且后面常有逗号；但是but是连词其后无逗号。

9.more common.后面省略了than big cars，所以用比较级；common的比较级是在前面加more.10.large numbers of.表示“大量的”还可用a large number of.中考英语综合填空题专项训练08.附详解

阅读下列短文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的英语单词，使短文在结构和意义上完整。

School education is very important and useful.Yet no one can _______（1）everything at school and a teacher cannot teach his _______（2）everything they want to know.His _______（3）is to show his students _______（4）to learn.He teaches them how to read

_______（5）how to think.So much more is to be learned outside school by the students _______（6）。

It is always more _______（7）to know how to study _______（8）oneself.It is quite _______（9）to learn something，but it is difficult to use it to solve problems.Great

inventors do not get everything _______（10）school，but they still can ______（11）

many things and change the world a lot.How can the inventors do all of this？ _______（12）of the answers is： they_______

（13）how to study.A lot of things are not _______（14）in the classroom.They got a lot _______（14）knowledge by reading outside school.They work hard and never give up all their lives.「答案与解析」

1.learn / study.由后文的at school可知是“学习”。

2.students / pupils.老师教当然是教他的学生。

3.work / job.结合全句的意思可知：老师的工作就是教会学生如何学习。4.how.见上题。

5.and.前后的how to read与how to think显然是并列关系，所以用and.6.themselves.句意：还有更多的知识要靠学生自己在出校门后自学。

7.important / necessary 句意：知道如何自学往往更重要或更必要。词组：teach by oneself自学。

8.by.见上题。

9.easy.因but表示前后是转折关系，后文是difficult，前文应当就是easy.10.at / in / from.句意：发明家们并没有在学校或从学校学到了一切。

11.invent / do / make 由前面的inventors和后文的“改变世界”可知，他们发明了许多东西。

12.One.从后文的答语和谓语动词is可知，是其中的一个答案。one of“……中的一个”。

13.know.第7空后有明显的提示：know how to study.14.taught / learnt / learned.由in the classroom可知是老师“教给”或自己“学到”，注意是被动语态，要用过去分词。

15.of.固定搭配：a lot of许多。

第二篇：英语语法—动词时态（推荐）

动词时态

英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、进行、过去、将来”四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；

现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一般现在时

1.概念：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month„），once a week(day, year, month„），on Sundays（on Mondays „）.3.基本结构：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。

4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month„），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day(morning , year„），the following month(week„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do;主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本结构：主语+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进行时

1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。

2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。过去将来进行时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

②否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ③一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 将来完成时

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时

1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。

2.基本结构：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。过去完成进行时

1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

2.基本结构：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）

④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次）⑥情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么 将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。

2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。2.基本结构：should/would + have + been +现在分词

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。

第三篇：初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)

初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。

例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点

离开家。

2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用

一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行 的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客 观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。句型：It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该……了”，例如: It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。句型：would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？

11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。

例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名 词或动名词。

例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't 答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

11.4 一般将来时

1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.计划，安排要发生的事。

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的

时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服 11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或 计划。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）11.7 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时 可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时 可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还 存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现 在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语 连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time … that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在 完成时。

例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 答案B.This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。注意： 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发

生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。(延续)I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间)注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四种用法

1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。

例如： I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since +一段时间+ ago。

例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。

3）since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。

4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1）用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时 间状语连用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 “到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。

再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。11.15 过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时 以前 那时 现在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b.状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一 般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。典型例题 ：

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.我听到这个消息后，很兴奋。3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老师告诉我们，哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。11.17 将来完成时

第四篇：初中be动词专项练习

Be动词专项练习

1.There ________(be)many monkeys in the mountain.2.There_________(be)a beautiful garden in our school.3.There _________(be)some water in the glass.4.There __________(be)some bread on the table.5._______(be)Tom ___________(read)a book now? 6.Where ________(be)your friends yesterday?

7.When _________(do)your father usually _________(go)to work? 8.How old __________(be0 you last year? 9.Which dog ________(be)yours? 10.Ten and two ________(be)twelve

选择填空：

1.My brother ____ a teacher.He ____ his pupils very much.A.is, like B.is, likes C.are, likes D.are, like 2.A: How many days ____ there in a week? B: There ____ seven.A.is, is B.are, are C.is, are D.are, is 3.The boy ____ ill today.A.are B.is C.be D.am 4.What _____ your father _____?

A.do, like

B.is, like

C.are, likes

D.does, like 5._____ you go to school by bus?

A.Are

B.Is

C.Do

D.Does 6.When _____ your birthday?

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does 7.Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon?

A.are B.is C.be D.× 8.My teacher often _____ shopping on Sundays.A.goes

B.gos

C.go

D.goes 9.Listen!The children_____________.A.sings

B.are singing

C.is singing

D.is sing 10.Her voice ____ like my mother's.A.sounds B.sound C.looks D.look 11.It often rains and the crops ____ fast.A.get B.turn C.grow D.become 12.A: How are you ____ now? B: Much better, thank you.A.getting B.feeling C.making D.turning 1

13.He _____ swimming.A.don’t likes

B.doesn’t likes

C.not like

D.doesn’t like

14.What ______ they _____ on Saturdays?

A.does, does

B.do, do

C.do, does

D.does, do 15.Yang Ling______do exercise with____.A.doesn’t, us

B.don’t, we

C./, us D.don’t, us

一、请在下列的句子中填上恰当的be动词。1.I______ a boy.______ you a boy ? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?

6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?

8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk _____ for me.19.Some tea ______ in the glass.21.My sister's name ______Nancy.22.This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.23.______ David and Helen from England? 24.There ______ a girl in the room.25.There ______ some apples on the tree.28.There _______ some bread on the plate.30.You, he and I ______ from China.二、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。

I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary

I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.

第五篇：初中英语语法时态总结

初中英语语法动词时态总结 一、一般现在时

1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。二、一般过去时

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该……了”，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在

。例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：

He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't

答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。三、一般将来时

1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5）be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6）be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）7）一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。8）现在进行时标将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

四、现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）

He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.4）用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。典型例题

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming

答案B.This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.6（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.5)比较since 和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.6)since的四种用法

1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since +一段时间+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。3）since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。7）延续性动词与瞬间动词 1）用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）

I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

五、过去完成时

1）概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b.状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left

答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。4）一般过去时代替过去完成时

1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.六、将来完成时

1）构成will have done 2）概念

a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。

七、现在进行时

1）现在进行时的基本用法：

a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。

b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。It's getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。

d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。2）不用进行时的动词

1）事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。

3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。

4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：

You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。

八、过去进行时

1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3）常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。典型例题

1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading； fell C.was reading； was falling D.read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

动词时态形式一览表