动词时态三种变化总结

第一篇：动词时态三种变化总结

动词时态三种变化总结

一般现在时

动词第三人称单数形式的构成规则: a)直接在动词词尾加s。如:help→helps, play→plays。

b)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o等结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:guess→guesses, watch→watches, go→goes。

c)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为 i再加-es。如:carry→carries, fly→flies。

动词的现在分词

1.一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成： work→working 工

作

sleep→sleeping

睡

wait→waiting

等待 study→studying 学习read→reading 读 talk→talking 谈话 2.不发音的-e结尾的动词去掉e后再加-ing：

smile→smiling 微笑 move→moving write→writing 写 但是，若是发音的e结尾，则不能去e： see→seeing 看见 agree→agreeing 同意

3.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing：

sit→sitting 坐 plan→planning 计划 prefer→preferring 宁愿

4.以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing： die→dying 死 lie→lying 躺

动词的过去式： 【过去式的变化规则】

① 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played。② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived。

③ 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopped, shipped。④ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词去y加ed。如：studied，worried。2 am,is-was are--were 击败;敲打beat--beat 成为/变成become--became 开始begin--began 吹;刮blow—blew 折断;打破break—broke 带来bring--brought 建设;建造build--built 买buy—bought 能,能够can—could 抓/捉住;乘车catch-cought 选择;选choose--chose 来come--came 值cost—cost 切;割;砍cut-cut-做do—did 绘画;画draw--drew 喝drink--drank 驾驶drive--drove 吃eat--eat 掉下;降落fall--fell 感到;感觉feel--felt 发现;找到find--found 飞fly--flew 忘记forget-forgot 取;获得get--got 给give--gave 去;走go--went 种植;成长grow—grew 有/吃have/has--had 听见

hear--heard 保持

keep—kept 知道;认识know--knew 学习;学会learn-learnt/learned 离开;落下leave--left 借出/给lend— lent 让let--let 位于lie--lay 丢失lose--lost 可以may--might 意味;意思mean---meant 遇见/到meet--met 放put--put 读read--read注意读法不同/e/ 骑ride--rode 铃响ring--rang 跑run--ran 说say—said 看见;看望see--saw 卖 sell--selt 送send--sent 将;应该shall--should 照耀shine--shone 唱sing--sang 坐sit--sat 睡觉sleep--slept 闻;嗅smell--smelt 说;讲speak--spoke 花费;度过spend--spent 站stand—stood 扫;拖地sweep--swept 游泳

swim--swam 拿走;带走

take--took 教teach--taught 告诉;讲tell--told 想;认为think--thought 扔;掷throw--threw 理解/明白understand--understood 醒wake--woke 穿;戴wear--wore 将;愿will--would 赢得;战胜win--won 写write—wrote

一、下列结构含有ing: 1.keep doing 2.keep /carry on doing 3.keep sb.Doing 4.enjoy doing 5.finish doing 6.be afraid of doing 7.be worth doing 8.be busy doing 9.how about doing//what about doing 10.spend some time(in)doing 11.spend some money(in)buying 12.feel like doing 13.stop/keep/prevent … from doing 14.thank you for doing 15.thanks for doing 16.do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing 17.go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 18.mind/practise doing 19.prefer doing … to doing… 20.can’t help doing 21.there is/are +n.+ doing …

二、下列结构用不带to的动词不定式：

1.had better(not)do sth.2.would you please(not)do sth.3.why n ot do sth.4.why don’t you do sth.5.Shall we do sth.? 6.let do sth.7.make sb.do sth.三、下列结构用带to的动词不定式：

1.It’s time to do sth.2.It takes sb.some time to do sth.3.tell/ask/want/encourage sb.to do sth.4.Would you like to do sth.? 5.It’s good/bad to do sth.6.It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth.7.be+adj.+enough to do sth.8.sb.is ready to do sth.9.It’s+adj.+ for sb.to do sth.10.It’s+adj.+ of sb.to do sth.11.would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth.12.would like/love sb.to do sth.13.Prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.14.what/how/ when/where/whether to do sth 15.can’t wait to do 16.too … to do … 17.be afraid /ready/able/sure to do

五、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和

ing形式含义不同： 1.stop to do/ doing 2.forget to do/ doing 3.remember to do/doing 4.go on to do/doing 5.like to do/doing 6.love to do/doing 7.prefer to do/doing 8.hate to do/doing

六、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和

ing形式含义相同： 1.begin to do/doing 2.start to do/doing 3.learn to do/doing

七、下列结构用不带to的动词不定式和现在分词的含义不同： 用不带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程；用现在分词强调动作的进行状 态。1．hear sb do sth./doing 2.listen sb do sth./doing 3.look at sb do sth./doing 4.see sb do sth./doing 5.watch sb do sth./doing 6.notice sb do sth./doing 三单练习

I.写出下列动词的相应形式： 1.第三

人

称

单数： wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ 2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop______ see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______ 3.写出下列动词的现在分词

形式： stay_______ begin______ forget_______ forget______ lie________ die _______ run_______ prefer______ give________ ring_______ dance______ hope_______ II.用所给动词的适当形式填空：

1．I ________(write)to you as soon as I _______(get)to London.2.He doean’t feel well and ____________(not eat)any food this morning.3.He ______ not _______(see)me come in, for he ___________(read)something with great interest.4.I _________(l;et)you have the book as soon as I _________(finish)it.5.While we ________(wait)for our teacher, a little boy ________(run)up to us.6.Don’t make a niose.Grandpa __________(sleep).7.It’s seven now, Tom’s family__________(watch)TV.8.It ________(take)me two hours to finish my homework last night.9.What ______ your mother _______(do)at eight yesterday evening? She _______(wash)clothes.10._______ it ______(rain)when school was over yesterday? 11.What _______(do)_______ tomorrow? We ________(play)football.12.There ________(be)a football match on TV this evening.13.They said they ________(visit)the Great Wall the next summer holiday.14.Who _______(dance)the best in your class? 15.Will you come if he _____________(not come)? 16.The teacher told us the earth __________(move)round the sun.17.They _______(have)a party in the garden if it ________(not rain)to morrow.18 She ________(buy)a sweater yesterday.19.I don’t know if Mr.Wang ______(go)to Shanghai tomorrow.If he _____(go), I ______(ask)him _______(take)some books to my daughter, because she _______(study)there.III单项选择：

1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.A.don’t rain B.doesn’t rain C.won’t rain

2.There _____ an English film next week.A.will have B.is going to have C.is going to be D.was going to be 3.The picture _______ nice.A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4.She ______ down and soon fell asleep.A.live B.lain C.laid D.lay 5.They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.A.reached to B.arrived C.went D.get to 6.We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.A.wil come B.came C.would come D.come 7.Don’t smoke until the plane ______ off.A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8.I saw her ____ the room this morning.A.to enter()B.entered C.enter D.enters 9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time.A.to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10.John is always ______ others.A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help 11.He told us ______ at eight.A.working B.to work C.work D.worked 12.You’d better ______ at home and ______ your homework.A.to stay, do B.stay, do C.to stay, to do D.stay, to do 13.He sat down ______ a rest.A.having B.have C.to have D.had 14.Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine.A.how to make B.to make C.how making D.what to make 15.Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England.A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.leave

第二篇：初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)

初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。

例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点

离开家。

2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用

一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行 的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客 观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。句型：It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该……了”，例如: It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。句型：would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？

11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。

例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名 词或动名词。

例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't 答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

11.4 一般将来时

1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.计划，安排要发生的事。

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的

时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服 11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或 计划。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）11.7 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时 可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时 可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还 存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现 在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语 连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time … that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在 完成时。

例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 答案B.This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。注意： 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发

生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。(延续)I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间)注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四种用法

1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。

例如： I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since +一段时间+ ago。

例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。

3）since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。

4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1）用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时 间状语连用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 “到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。

再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。11.15 过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时 以前 那时 现在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b.状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一 般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。典型例题 ：

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.我听到这个消息后，很兴奋。3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老师告诉我们，哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。11.17 将来完成时

第三篇：动词时态典型例题

动词时态典型例题

一．知识点巩固

1.It is a fine day.The sun __________(shine)brightly.2.They ___________(visit)the Science Museum next Sunday.3.Mr Brown __________(live)in Beijing since he came to China.4.Mr Wang ___________(teach)us English two years ago.5.The Smiths _______________(watch)TV at this time last night.6.Bill isn’t here.He ___________(chat)with his friends in the classroom.7.The teacher said that the moon __________(go)round the earth.8.The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ____________(not rain)this Sunday.9.Listen!They ____________(talk)about the new film.10 The host ____________(interview)the little boy just now.11.The Greens __________(watch)TV now.12.My sister is a student and she _____________(study)at a middle school nearby 13.My brother_____________(join)the League in 1997.14.The farmers __________(pick)apples when I saw them.15.The red skirt __________(cost)the girl forty yuan.二．常见考题与易错题

1.Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ____.A.will arrive

B.gets there

C.has gone

D.reach here 2.----Do you know when Dr White ____ for dinner this evening?----No, but I think he ____ when he is free.A.will come;comes

B.will come;will come

C.comes;comes

D.comes;will come 3.----Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.----Of course.But if it ____, we'll visit the museum instead.A.you have;will rain

B.you will have;will rain

C.you will have;rains

D.will you have;rains 4.Mr.White ____ the newspaper while his daughter ____TV.A.has read;was watching

B.was reading;watched

C.was reading;was watching

D.reading;watched 5.____ you ever____ Tom before?

No, I ___ him just two minutes ago.A.Did, know;met

B.Have, know;have met C.Have, know;met

D.Did, know;had met 6.Mr Smith ____ short stories, but he ____ a TV Play these days.A.is writing;is writing

B.is writing;writes

C.writes;is writing

D.writes;writes 7.How did the accident happen?

You know, it ____ difficult to see the road clearly because it ___.A.was;was raining

B.was;had rained

C.is;is raining

D.was;rained 8.How long ___ you ___ England, Sue?

Since two years ago.A.have;been to

B.have;gone to C.have;been in

D.have;moved to 9.It___ ten years since they ____ to France A.was;moved

B.was;have moved

C.has;have moved

D.has been;moved 10.He ____ wait until the rain ____.A.won't;will stop

B.won't;stop

C.will;stops

D.will;will stop 11.My sister ___ to see me.She’ll be here soon.A.comes

B.is coming

C.has come

D.come 12.____ you____ the text?

Yes, we____ it two hours ago.A.Did, copy;did

B.Have, copied;have copied C.Have, copied;did

D.Did, copy;had 13.I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.Oh, I am sorry.I ____ dinner at my friend's home.A.have

B.had

C.was having

D.have had 14.-Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please.Could you stop smoking?

----Sorry, I ____ that.A.didn’t see

B.don’t see

C.won’t see

D.can’t see 15.So you went to see the film with Tom.----Yes, but Bob ____ with us.A.won't go

B.isn't going

C.doesn't go

D.didn't go

第四篇：英语语法—动词时态（推荐）

动词时态

英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、进行、过去、将来”四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；

现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一般现在时

1.概念：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month„），once a week(day, year, month„），on Sundays（on Mondays „）.3.基本结构：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。

4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month„），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day(morning , year„），the following month(week„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do;主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本结构：主语+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进行时

1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。

2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。过去将来进行时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

②否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ③一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 将来完成时

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时

1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。

2.基本结构：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。过去完成进行时

1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

2.基本结构：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）

④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次）⑥情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么 将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。

2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。2.基本结构：should/would + have + been +现在分词

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。

第五篇：英语时态(初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表)

初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

初中英语时态专项练习

1、一般现在时。通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句：

1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are)+名词（形容词，介词短语）

2).其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。We study English.我们学习英语。

Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：

1)主语+ be（is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它 I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are）+主语+其它?如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.Do you often play football?-Yes, I do./ No, I don't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练:

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup?

二、按照要求改写句子

1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2.Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3.He likes play games after class.__________________ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English.__________________ 5.She don’t do her homework on Sundays._________________

2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的结构：.肯定句 ： 主语+be（is,am,are）+动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.否定句：主语+be（is,am,are）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 4.现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.三、句型转换：

1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2．The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3．I’m playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)

① ②

3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last„”等。1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化

5.特殊疑问句：

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 过去时练习: 写出下列动词的过去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习:A

一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1.I _______ at school just now.2.He ________ at the camp last week.3.We ________ students two years ago.4.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.二、句型转换 1.It was exciting.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.All the students were very excited.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习:B

一、用行为动词的适当形式填空

1.He _________(live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat ________(eat)a bird last night.3.We _______(have)a party last Halloween.4.Nancy ________(pick)up oranges on the farm last week.5.I ________(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.二、句型转换

1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.We sang some English songs.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

三、中译英

1．格林先生去年住在中国。2.昨天我们参观了农场。3.他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习A

一、用动词的适当形式填空

1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now.(play)4.Jim’s mother _________(plant)trees just now.5._______ they ________(sweep)the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.二、中译英 1.我们上周五看了一部电影。

2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。

3.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。

4、一般将来时

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本结构：①主语+be(is,am,are)going to +动词原形.②主语+will+ 动词原形.2.否定句：①主语+be(is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.②主语+will +not(won’t)+ 动词原形.例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑问句：①Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+? ②Will+主语+动词原形+? 例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are.No, we aren’t.Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will.No,he won’t.4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1).问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2).问干什么。What „ do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3).问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed? 5同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.= I will go swimming tomorrow.一、练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

二、改句子。

5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.（改否定）I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。

11.Today is a sunny day.We ___________________(have)a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ______________(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________(watch)TV and ____________(catch)insects? 15.It’s Friday today.What _____she _________(do)this weekend? She ______________(watch)TV and _____________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.5.过去进行时：

肯定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它 否定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它 一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它? 用法:

1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening.昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？ When the teacher came in, they were talking.老师进来时，他们在讲话。

2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。

例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning.她整个上午在看电视。

3、表示过去将要发生的动作。例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday.他说他周二动身。Tom said he was going tomorrow.汤姆说他明天去。

4、用过去进行时描写故事背景。

例：It was getting dark.The wind was rising.天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。

The procession was going.He was standing among the crowd looking on.队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。

5.过去进行时练习题：

一、单项选择

()1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding()2.Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.A.slipped, was looking B.had slipped, looked C.slipped, had looked D.was slipping, looked()3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.A.had seen, was picking B.saw, picked C.had seen, picked D.saw, was picking()4.I don ' t think Jim saw me;he ___ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared()5.I first met Lisa three years ago.She ___ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked()6.---Hey, look where you are going!---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.A.I ' m not noticing B.I wasn ' t noticing C.I haven ' t noticed D.I don ' t notice()7.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel()8.I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.had been having C.have been having D.was having()9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A.was speaking B.spoke C.had been speaking D.had spoken()10.“ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad.”

“ Oh, nothing much.As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home.”

A.just thought B.have just been thinking C.was just thinking D.have just thought

二、动词填空。

１．John_______（work）all day yesterday.２．He _______（walk）home when the（rian）_______begin.３． —What______you _______（do）at ten o'clock yesterday﹖ —I_______（studay）in class．

４．When Harry _______（have）breakfast Lily _______（telephone）him．

５．When I ________（go）to school this morning I ______（see）a car running into a bus． 6.This time yesterday Jack ______(mend)his bike.7.I ______(write)a letter at ten last night.8.It was six.The Greens ______(have)supper.9.When you ______(knock)at the door yesterday,I ______(do)some washing.10.While my mother ______(watch)TV, I ______(make)a kite.三、英汉互译。1.昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？ 2.上中学时，我住老师家里。

3.他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。

4.They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.5.Soon the whole town was talking about it.6.现在完成时

构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed 否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？用法：

1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。

Mr.Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。

2．现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move---be in/at open---be open die---be dead close---be closed become---be borrow---keep put on---wear buy---have leave-----be away(from)begin / start-----be on fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army, be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来„„”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years;during the last three months;for the last few centuries, through centuries;throughout history 等 5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best(worst, most interesting)+名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。

例：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6.have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。

have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。

如：He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。7.现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择。()

1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they ________what's happened to him.Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know()

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.Still()

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago()

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written()

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.Ａ.has changed well Ｂ.changed good Ｃ.has changed better Ｄ.changed better()

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.Ａ.was studying Ｂ.will study Ｃ.has studied Ｄ.are studying()

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ.knew()

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_______ it twice.Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see()

9、—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone()

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.Ａ.Did do finished Ｂ.Have done finished Ｃ.Have done have finished Ｄ.will do finish()

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978.Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ.was in Ｄ.has been in()

12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made

()

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived()

14、Hurry up!The play __________ for ten minutes.Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began()

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army.Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was()

16、Miss Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been()

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been()

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A.so they B.don’t they C.have they D.haven’t they()

19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A.How soon, comes B.How often, got C.How long, came D.How far, arrived()20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）

2、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year.He for a year.(die)（动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？ 7.现在完成进行时

表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。常与表示一段时间的状语，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等连用。构成： 肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+been+动词现在分词-ing 否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have(has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 例：It has been raining for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？

She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.他已经在那坐了两个小时了。We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们常见面。

He has been telephoning me several times in two days.这两天他打好几次电话给我。

注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。8.过去完成时 构成：

肯定句：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它

否定句：主语+助动词had +not(hadn’t)+动词过去分词-ed+其它 一般疑问句;Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？

特殊疑问句：疑问词+had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？ 例：There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，即“过去的过去“。这一动作可以是一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。这个过去的时间常用by，before after,）等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。例：The train had left before she got to the station.在她到车站以前，火车已开走了。

We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine.到上个月为止，我们已经学了约500个英文单词。

Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。

2、用于以连词when, as soon as, as„as, before, after, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作，可表示原因、动作先后等关系。如： 例：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.（表时间先后）

We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone.由于最后一班公车已开走，所以，我们就乘出租车回家。（表原因）

He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票。

3、用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。

He told me that he had been seen the film the day before.他跟我说他前一天看过那个电影了。注意：过去完成时的句子中，终止性动词不能与一段时间连用，而状态动词的过去完成时必须和一段时间连用。如： He had already died.他已经死了。

He had been dead for an hour.他已经死了一个小时了。9.过去将来时 构成： 肯定句： 主语+助动词would+动词原形。主语+助动词was(were)going to+动词原形。否定句： 主语+助动词would+not(wouldn’t)+动词原形。.主语+助动词was(were)+not+ going to+动词原形 一般疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形+？ Was(Were)+主语+ going to+动词原形+? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+？ was(were)+主语+ going to+动词原形+? 例：I hoped she would succeed.用法

过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。主要有以下几种形式：

1、would + 动词原形

这一形式表示过去将来时间，通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中。I wanted to know when you would finish the article.我想知道你什么时候写完论文。