第一篇:郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测语文试题
年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测
语文 参考答案
一、现代文阅读(35分)
(一)(9分)
1.B(A项混淆概念。“也是一种简约而深邃的义理之学”错,从原文最后一句看出,“义理之学”跟“忘言得意”不是一个概念。C项范围扩大。原文只说到“忘言得意”论“给文学艺术欣赏者带来了极大的自由”,未提及给“创作者”也带来了“极大的自由”。D项曲解文意。根据原文可知,“中国传统哲学思维的重要的特点”是指“由外而内、由内而外、得之于外、证之于内、内外合一、主客通明”,而不是该项所说的“‘得意’的深浅,取决于认识主体素质的高低”。)2.B(“可直接证明……”理解错误。“可直接证明”的应是“只能就眼前呈现的形象来评论文学艺术的人……根本不够一个真正欣赏者的资格”)
3.C(无中生有。从原文中推不出“……就会更有新意和价值”这一结论。)
(二)(14分)
4.(3分)B(“通过与人的对比……”理解不当,原文是将美而自知和美而不自知两类人加以对比)
5.(5分)①虽然高贵、庄严、仁厚、受人尊重与热爱,但天鹅并不因此而傲慢;②天鹅并不占尽所有的美,并不奢望无瑕与拥有所有优点;③天鹅的飞行高度让它眼界高远,从而更不会对比别人后洋洋自得。(答出一点给1分,答出两点给3分,答出三点给5分。意思对即可)
6.(6分)①本文几乎通篇使用第一人称,娓娓道来,更显真实亲切,易于作者剖析对天鹅认识的心路历程,便于抒发对天鹅的热爱之情;②文末画线处由第一人称转为第二人称,意在将读者拉入作者设置的哲思氛围中深入思考,拉近读者与作者思维之间的距离;③由对天鹅“它”的剖析转为对人类“你”的启示,从而揭示天鹅与人类之间可以共有的美德:拥有高远的眼界,进而拥有开阔的心胸,获得谦和的美德。由物及人,深化了文章的主旨。(每点2分,意思对即可)
(三)(12分)
7.(3分)B(“泛娱乐直播陷入瓶颈期”的原因并非国内直播领域的分化。)
8.(3分)C(“直播答题这种娱乐方式才是未来直播行业发展的方向”不合文意,根据材料三,直播答题只是在“短期来看”有益于直播行业发展。)
9.(6分)存在问题:①某些直播平台传播不良内容;②内容存在同质化倾向;③变现模式固化,成本不断提高;④对用户体验关注不够;⑤用户黏性不强;⑥缺乏稳固的社交和流量基础。
解决措施:①有关部门加强监管,直播平台自觉规范直播行为,杜绝不良内容传播;②着力提升内容质量,避免同质化倾向;③创新运营模式,改善用户体验,吸引更多用户;④学习国外直播平台经验,建立稳固的社交和流量基础。
(“存在问题”3分,答出两点给1分,答出四点给2分,答出六点给3分;“解决措施”3分,答出一点给1分,答出任意三点、大意对即可。如有其他答案,言之成理也可酌情给分。)
二、古代诗文阅读(35分)
(一)(19分)
10.(3分)C(原文:“授常州推官。武宗南巡,江彬纵其党横行州县。将抵常州,民争欲亡匿。时知府暨武进知县咸入觐,曰韬兼绾府县印。”)
11.(3分)B(“缉捕盗贼”不属于御史的职责)
12.(3分)B(“行”意“巡视,巡察”,“行部”意为“巡行所属部域,考核政绩”,而非“率领部队”。)
13.(10分)
(1)常州连年灾害,物资耗尽,没有什么可以给你们吃的(招待你们)。[译出大意给3分;“比岁”(“每年”“连年”“常年”等)、“若曹”(“你们”)两处,每译对一处给1分](2)已经用重金谋取了职位,却想要他不向下面索取补偿,这一定是没有的事情(或“一定没有这样的事情”)。[译出大意给3分;“营”(“谋取”“谋求”等)、“责”(“索取”“求取”“索要”等)两处,每译对一处给1分]
注意:①“关键词”与“大意”不重复扣分;②“关键词”译成近义词也可;③“关键词”翻译从严,“大意”翻译从宽。
(二)(11分)
14.(5分)D、E(D项“让人怅惘不已”不当,诗人的心情应该是轻松愉悦的;E项“青春年少”和“与……形成对比”错误,诗中“青春”指春天,它与“白首”只是形式上的对仗,不是意义上的对比。杜甫有诗句“青春作伴好还乡”。)
15.(6分)①诗人登楼观览的轻松愉快。前两联写诗人登上城门饱览山河风光,直到小市张灯才萌生归意,意兴盎然,轻松愉悦。(如答“对徐州城雄伟壮丽之景的赞叹”给1分)②政局变化、旧友回乡的欣慰喜悦。颈联写元佑党人喜逢新政被召回,被流放贬谪的朋友终于能重回故乡,诗人为此感到喜悦。(如答“‘孤臣白首’的伤感”给1分)③想要归隐江湖又不甘心退出仕途的矛盾心情。尾联写明知自己与富贵无缘,却又不能忘怀功名,自由自在归隐江湖。(每答出一点给2分,其中“情感”1分,“具体分析”1分。如有其他答案,只要言之成理,可酌情给分。)
(三)(5分)16.(5分)
(1)万钟则不辩礼义而受之 万钟于我何加焉(2)夫列子御风而行 泠然善也 旬有五日而后反(每答出一空给1分,有错别字则该空不给分)
三、语言文字运用(20分)
17.(3分)C[①一以贯之:泛指用一种思想理论贯穿于始终。使用正确。②旷日持久:多费时日,拖得很久。此处不合语境。③石破天惊:多用来形容事情或文章议论新奇惊人。使用对象错误。④耳提面命:形容恳切地教导。这里误用为贬义词。⑤改头换面:比喻只改形式,不变内容(含贬义)。使用正确。] 18.(3分)B(A.语序不当,“相关部门”应调至“只有”之后。C.成分残缺,应在“改写”后面加上“造成的”。D.主语“穿山灶”和宾语“烹饪方式”搭配不当。)
19.(3分)C(斧正:敬词,用于请人改自己的文章。此处使用范围错误。A.感念:因感激或感动而思念。使用正确。B.惠赐:为人所赠的敬词或指对方给予了好处。使用正确。D.区区此心:常用作谦词,用来形容微不足道的一点心意或想法。使用正确。)
20.(6分)示例:
①(有些)树木唯有脱尽全身的树叶
②这是由叶子内部的特殊结构造成的(这跟叶面叶背的密度不同有关系)......③损耗的水分养分特别少
(每写出一处给2分。意思对即可。如有其他答案,只要言之成理,可酌情给分)21.(5分)示例:
②一个学校能出高考状元,其师资不一定都是优秀的。③有了优秀的师资,其他进入该校的学生不一定能学得好,考出好成绩。(写出一处给2分,写出两处给5分。意思对即可)
四、写作(60分)
22.立意参考:
(1)从立身行事的角度,整合材料中的①②③,联系现实,谈为人做事,要多接良善、心怀敬畏、注重细节。
(2)从如何对待传统文化的角度,整合①⑤⑥,联系社会现实从正反两方面阐述尊重历史、保护传统文化的重要意义。
(3)从青少年学习创业的角度,整合①③④⑤,结合现实,谈青年人应胸怀远大、珍惜时间、虚心向学、奋发有为。
附文言文参考译文:
张曰韬,字席珍,是莆田人。正德十二年考中进士。被授职常州推官。明武宗南巡,江彬放纵他的党徒横行州县,他们将要抵达常州,百姓争相打算逃亡藏匿。这时知府和武进县知县都去朝见天子了,张曰韬同时掌管知府和县令官印。他召集乡里父老约定说:“江彬的党徒到了,你们要全力与他们对抗。”又释放囚徒,让他们与乞丐各自准备瓦石等待。不久,江彬的党徒果真有很多人马来了。父老们径直在州境上拦住他们,说:“常州连年灾害,物资耗尽,没有什么可以给你们吃的(招待你们)。府中只有一个张推官,一文钱也没有,即便是想准备牲畜饲料,也没办法置办。”说完,江彬的党徒疑心有他变,于是慢慢退去,速派使者禀告江彬。张曰韬立即上书巡按御史说明情况。御史东郊巡视所属地域经过常州,告诉他说:“事情很紧迫啊,江彬将以其他事情为借口逮捕你。”让张曰韬登上自己的船先出发,自己以小船尾随其后。江彬的党徒果真大批到来,搜索张曰韬,误截了御史的船。东郊(表面上)严令抓捕截船的人,暗中却命令慢慢进行。江彬党徒担心御史向皇上报告,都散去了,张曰韬于是幸免。江彬也告诫他的党徒不要扰乱,从此常州以南各府得以安宁。世宗即位,召他为御史。杨廷和等人争论织造利弊的时候,张曰韬也向上进言:“皇上既然称赞阁臣所奏是爱国君同情百姓,这表明知道了织造的危害了。既然已经知道了,却还不停止,实在是由于信任大臣不够专一,而众小人干政啊。自古未有众小人在朝内蒙蔽皇上,而大臣能在朝外尽忠的。崔文等几个小人曾经扰乱先朝,现在又蒙蔽惑乱圣主之心,私下里作威作福。陛下为什么放任他们肆意营私,不早点赶走他们呢?我听说织造这一官职,行贿数万两银子才能得到。已经用重金谋取了职位,却想要他不向下面索取补偿,这一定是没有的事情。”帝不能采用。席书因皇帝的旨意而被任命为尚书,张曰韬与同僚胡琼各自直言上书竭力争辩。受杖刑后,仍然口述奏疏弹劾奸人陈洸的罪行。不久,竟然死去。隆庆初年,被追赠为光禄少卿。
第二篇:郑州市2013年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测语文答案
2013年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测
语文参考答案
一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)
1.D(曲解文意,“杂剧有„„出场人物„„的限制”错误,原文中说出场人物“不一”)
2.C(或然当必然,原文中只是推测《琵琶记》“应该会在都城南京演出”,而非既成事实“曾在南京演出过”)
3.A(无中生有,从文中来看,“李德裕《论故循州司马杜元颖追赠》”并未记载当时的“杂剧盛况”)
二、古代诗文阅读(36分)
(一)文言文阅读(19分)
4.D(革:读jí,急,重。)
5.C(②表明刘珙的诏檄感奋人心;⑤表明刘珙成功破敌;⑥表明刘珙善纳人言)
6.D(应为:继母去世时,刘珙五十多岁。)
7.(1)况且让我们中原(地区)的疲困百姓,被远方蛮夷的野兽困扰,难道是仁义圣明的(君主)做的事吗!
5分;译出大意给2分;“中国”(“中原”)、“于”(表被动)、“岂”(“难道”“怎么”)三处,每译对一处给1分。
(2)治理过的几处地方,老百姓爱戴他如同父母,听到他去世的消息,有的人停止集市贸易在街道上痛哭并共同祭祀他。
5分;译出大意给2分;“临”(“治理”“管理”“为官”等)、“相与”(“共同”“一同”“一起”等)、“祠”(“祭祀”“祭奠”等)三处,每译对一处给1分。
注意:1.关键词与“大意”不重复扣分;2.关键词译成近义词也可。
(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)
8.从语义上看,“肌”意为肌肉,与诗意不合,它不能描摹鸟的特点,放在诗句中也与“不如”不搭配;(2分,意思对即可)“肥”字不仅符合诗意,而且能使“凫鹜”之肥与稚儿的瘦弱形成对比(而且表明稚儿连凫鹜胖都没有),更好地表现了诗歌的主题。(3分,能答出“符合诗意”1分,解析其表达效果和作用2分)
9.从诗中看,稚儿饥寒交迫的悲惨境遇并不是上天造成的,而是官府造成的。官府“桑柘连四海”,占有大量土地和财富,却根本不管百姓死活。(2分;其中观点1分,分析1分)写“百鸟”是为了反衬稚儿的悲惨境遇(与稚儿的悲惨境遇形成鲜明对比)。鸟有羽毛,人无衣装;鸟在千山飞雪的时候能够自由飞翔,稚儿在寒冬却只能赤立而泣。人对鸟的羡慕,深刻揭示了人不如鸟的悲惨现实,增强了诗歌的批判性。(3分。答出“反衬”“对比”等,给1分;分析1分;答出“羡慕鸟、人不如鸟”等1分)
(三)名篇名句默写(6分)
10.(1)居庙堂之高则忧其民处江湖之远则忧其君
(2)万里悲秋常作客艰难苦恨繁霜鬓
(3)秦人不暇自哀亦使后人而复哀后人也
(6分;每句1分,有错别字该句不得分)
三、文学类文本阅读(25分)
11.(1)答E给3分,答C给2分,答B给1分,答A、D不给分。(A项因果关系不当,对舅舅“没有太深印象”缺乏依据;B项“不能相见的绝望”理解不准确,文中的“绝望” 1
应主要指小宝因露露要走,挽留不住而感到绝望;D项“充分暴露了世故的‘大人’和率性的‘孩子’之间不可调和的矛盾”理解错误。)
(2)①以自我为中心(不懂事)。对房子、亲人都很少说“再见”,凡事只顾及自身感受,不考虑他人;离开舅舅家时还将一些装衣服的纸袋子遗弃在壁橱里;爱乱花钱,每次到舅舅家后,都大量购物。②消极逃避,不负责任。走不出父母失败的婚姻给自己带来的阴影,害怕遭逢母亲般的命运,不敢担当婚礼,不顾一切地逃跑,关闭手机,对母亲、新郎、亲朋都是极不负责任的。③能自我反省。为逃婚行为而心怀愧疚;能从“小宝”不愿与客人告别到主动与客人告别的偶然变化中自我反省,琢磨着要打开手机。④爱面子。逃婚来到舅舅家后,感到难为情,哪儿也不去。⑤容易冲动,不冷静。婚礼上,没有给任何人打招呼,就不顾一切地逃跑了。(6分;答出一点给2分,其中概括1分,分析1分;答出任意三点、意思对即可)
(3)①含蓄地写出朱丽的醒悟,完成人物形象的转变,使人物形象更加丰满。②与上文“关了手机”遥相呼应,并照应“朱丽退后一步,让窗帘挡住自己,犹如挡住了某种冲动”,使情节完整、合理。③结尾表明,朱丽在两个孩子的启发下,对于怎样对待他人、怎样与人交流有了新的认识,暗示了小说主题。④小说戛然而止,把朱丽将要做什么事,留给读者去想象和思考,言有尽而意无穷。(6分;答出一点给2分,答出任意三点、意思对即可。)
(4)观点一:同意。理由:①文中的“小宝”用“再见”告别时,生活才真正走进他的生命。“小宝”从对客人毫不在意、一心沉浸于自己的世界,到向客人打招呼、说“再见”,意味着一个孩子迈出了走向外部世界的步伐,真诚地向外部世界打开一扇心灵之窗。②朱丽通过对一个孩子成长变化的偶然发现,反省自己对“再见”一词的漠然,醒悟后有了打开手机的想法,要与外界联系,回到她真正的“生活”。一个从婚礼上逃出来的、不顾及亲人朋友的感受、只沉浸在自我世界中的女孩,看到了自己以外的世界,并决定积极面对。③能发自肺腑地对亲人、朋友,甚至房子说“再见”,其实是一个人在生活中对自身被忽略的情感世界的发现,也是尊重他人、关注外部世界的一种表现。
观点二:不同意。理由:①生活是从真诚的交流开始的。“小宝”的“再见”建立在与露露有共同语言、彼此间交流玩耍的基础上,所以露露离开时,小宝才会依依不舍,想要与对方再次相见,他们的生活开始于两人的真诚交流。②生活是从勇敢面对开始的。朱丽逃婚是惧怕自己的婚姻生活像母亲那样不幸,对婚姻的逃避其实是对未来生活的逃避,后来,小宝对待客人态度的转变影响了她,使她想要面对生活。③生活是从自我反省、自我觉醒开始的。朱丽的转变虽然受到了小宝行为的启发,但更重要的是她藏身客房时对自我行为的反省,对自己与他人关系的思考。
(8分;其中“观点”明确2分,“理由”答出一点给3分,答出任意两点、意思对即可)
四、实用类文本阅读(25分)
12.(1)答E给3分,答C给2分,答B给1分,答A、D不给分。(A项“绘制了《屈原》等多部影响深远的连环画精品”应在刘旦宅进入上海中国画院之前;B项“由于”变原文中的猜测为确定;D项“待人接物常有傲气”理解不准确,文中的“傲气”只是刘旦宅的行为给人的一种感觉)
(2)①有天赋。刘旦宅少年就有神童之名,10岁已在家乡举办过画展。②学识(国学底蕴)丰厚。有学无止境的精神,涉猎广泛,饱览诗书,思考深入。③热爱绘画,对技艺入迷探究。没有绘画工具时,刘旦宅甚至能在空中作画,利用“内心视觉”捕捉造型、布景及构图的感觉。④人格高尚。刘旦宅淡泊名利,专心求艺;为人坦荡,能做到“同行相亲”。(6分;答出一点给2分,答出任意三点、意思对即可,其中第④点的解说答出任一方面即可。)
(3)①风骨:珍爱自己作品,极少参与应酬,更不肯随便赠画;面对画价上涨,知音稀少的现实,毅然放弃作画。②大度:对“文革”期间伤害过自己的老友包容体谅,尊敬如故。③正直:敢于直言,抨击文化界的不良现状;毫不讳言地感慨自己的老师“倒霉”。(6分;三方面各2分,应分别回答,否则总体上扣1分;其中“风骨”“正直”的两个要点各1分)
(4)观点一:今后中国会再出现文化顶峰。理由:①文化积淀深厚。中华文化有着辉煌的历史,从老庄哲理、屈子离骚、晋代书法,一直到唐诗、宋画,一次次达到世界顶峰。如此优秀的传统文化,是我们再创辉煌的坚实根基。②杰出艺术家辈出。虽说当今中国文化界良莠不齐,但也不乏刘旦宅这样人格高尚、技艺高超的文化大师,而且具有创新精神和国际化视野的新一代艺术家不断涌现,如获得诺贝尔文学奖的莫言、追求纯粹艺术的杨丽萍等。有他们的引领和激励,相信会有越来越多的人在文学艺术上创造奇迹,迎来新的高峰。③文中说近年来“画价飞涨”,这在某种意义上也意味着艺术品市场的繁荣,艺术品通过买卖收藏而得以流传,有助于更多的艺术精品涌现,也吸引更多的人关注、研究、鉴赏艺术作品。
观点二:今后中国不会再出现文化顶峰。理由:①文化传承不够。中国的思想文化成熟早,老庄哲理、屈子离骚、晋代书法,一直到唐诗、宋画,一出现都达到世界的顶峰。从刘旦宅的希望来看,这些经典文化在当今并没有得到足够的重视和深入的研究。②世风浮躁,人们急功近利。文化艺术更多被商业所利用,正如刘旦宅所说,“画的画没人欣赏,只是被买来卖去,没有意思”“现在的文风、世道,什么都作为一个工程来对待。”文化与经济的发展不能协调统一,没有适合文化繁荣发展的社会环境。许多文艺创作都沾染了名利或政治色彩。③缺乏大师引领。出现文化顶峰需要带动文化艺术创新的大师级人物,更需要大批艺术家前赴后继。而像刘旦宅这样人格高尚,对艺术执着追求的大家日渐凋零,越来越少。
(如有其它观点,如“今后中国有可能出现文化顶峰”“今后中国可能不会出现文化顶峰”“中国今后能不能出现文化顶峰我同样感到困惑”等。只要能就文化传承、社会环境、大师引领等三个以上的角度辩证地谈,言之成理即可。)
[8分;其中“观点”明确2分,“理由”(应结合文本,同时联系现实)答出一点给3分,答出任意两点、意思对即可;从其他角度阐释,言之成理也可得满分。]
五、语言文字运用(20分)
13.B(A项“感同身受”不能带宾语;C项“探囊取物”望文生义;D项“人言啧啧”不合语境。)
14.C(A项成分残缺,应在句末加上“的倡议”;B项主语残缺,应删去“针对”;D项不合逻辑,一面与两面不照应,折射的应该是评选机制的“不公平”)
15.C(注意语句内容的衔接和标点符号的提示作用)
16.介绍:这是一幅标题为“解决问题”的漫画。(1分)画面左下角是一个内有“问题”二字的大大的没有盖子的黑色窨井;(1分)右边有一个人手拿小小的窨井盖,边跑边扭过头说:“正在着手解决!”(1分)
寓意:讽刺(批判)了那些口头承诺解决问题而实际上并没有真正解决问题(或“不负..........
责任”“敷衍塞责”等)的人或行为。(2分,少一处加点词扣1分)
或:讽刺了一些人对于出现的问题,不是切实想办法解决,而是应付上级,妄图遮掩隐.......瞒的行为。(2分,少一处加点词扣1分).
17.[示例]
野草,在乱石的压制下,茁壮成蓬勃的绿洲;
胡杨,在干旱的威胁中,挺立成不死的神话。
(6分;每句3分,其中句意连贯1分,拟人手法1分,句式与示例相同1分)
六、写作(60分)
18.参照2012年高考作文评分标准。
附:文言文参考译文
刘珙字共父。生来就有特殊的禀赋,因祖上庇荫补任承务郎,后考中进士乙科,升任礼部郎官。秦桧想要追赐自己的父亲谥号,召集礼官会合询问,刘珙不到会,秦桧发怒,暗示言官驱逐他。秦桧死后,刘珙才被召还朝担任吏部员外郎,兼任代理中书舍人。金人侵犯边界,宋军战败,诏令檄文多出自刘珙之手,语气激昂壮烈,听到的人都流泪。随从皇上到建康,车驾将要回宫,军队事务还没有可以托付的人,当时张浚留守建康,众人都寄期望于他。等到诏令发出,是派杨存中任江、淮宣抚使,刘珙不书写录黄(录黄,宋时中书省承旨起草的一种文件),并议论说不能这样。皇上发怒,命令再次发下,宰相召见刘珙说:“再进言就会连累张公。”刘珙说:“我是为国家着想,哪里有闲空为张公策划。”坚持上奏和最初一样,杨存中的任命于是停止。
安南进贡大象,经过的地方发动民夫开道,毁坏房舍,几十个州动荡不安。刘珙上奏说:“大象用于郊礼祭祀,不见于经书。况且让我们中原(地区)的疲困百姓,被远方蛮夷的野兽困扰,难道是仁义圣明的(君主)做的事吗!”湖北有茶盗几千人入境,守卫的官吏把这事报告朝廷,刘珙说:“这些人不是拼命的贼寇,对他们宽松他们就会分散各自求生存,对他们逼得紧他们就会聚集反抗至死。”贴出榜文晓谕他们悔过自新,宣称军队就要来了,命令所属州县准备几千人吃的食物,盗贼果然散去,那些留下来的没有多少人。刘珙于是发兵,告诫部下说:“盗贼来了不要急于作战,盗贼退走时不要穷追不舍,那些不肯退走的才予以打击罢了。”盗贼的士气更加松弛,于是仅一次战斗就击败了他们,全部生擒而归,杀掉为首作恶的几十人,其余的都列入军籍。
淳熙二年,刘珙调任建康知府。适逢水灾后又是旱灾,他首先上奏免除夏粮税钱六十万缗、秋苗米税十六万六千斛。禁止富豪大户囤积税米不出售,购得商人米三百万斛。从各衙门借钱共三万,派官员到长江上游买米,得米十四万九千斛。又运米到乡村,设置场地按平价以救济性质卖米,对借米的人也不收取抵押品。开始于当年九月,结束于第二年四月,全境没有饿死逃亡的人。
进为观文殿学士,生了病,请求退休。病重时,起草遗奏说:“陈俊卿忠良实在,可以担负大事,张栻学问纯厚正派,可以补纠缺失,希望赶快召见任用他们。”然后又写信与张栻和朱熹诀别,所说的话都是以未能为国家报仇雪耻而遗憾。去世时五十七岁,谥号忠肃。
刘珙在家事亲孝顺,继母卓氏去世的时候,他年龄已经超过五十岁,哀伤至极以至于损害了身体。远近亲属去世,他都会穿上白色的丧服直到礼制规定的时间。他喜欢接受直率的意见,做事稍有过错,下属官吏指出来就立即改正。治理过的几处地方,老百姓爱戴他如同父母,听到他去世的消息,有的人停止集市贸易在街道上痛哭并共同祭祀他。
第三篇:2018年郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测 英语
2018年郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语
二、阅读理解 第一节
A Chinese movie theaters are never running short on youth films.Youth(芳华),directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen.But this one is different: It is dedicated to the youth of our parents’ generation.Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe(部队文工团),in which the soldiers’ duties are to sing, dance and promote culture.He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer.With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, yet her family background makes her the laughing stock(笑柄)among the other girls.The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.In most youth films, the characters’ life paths are only influenced by their own choices.However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind(旋风)of historical changes”, as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times.In a period of more than 30 years, they have to experience the Cultural Revolution and the Sino-Vietnamese Conflict, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness.The disbandment(解散)of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the present”, wrote reporter Giovanna Fulvi on the website Tiff.net.But there’s still something that never changes about youth.No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty.Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools—these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr.Feng’s new films.According to ifeng News, Youth is actually a nostalgic(怀旧的)and personal work that Mr.Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe.“When I look back in time, everything in my life seems to be black and white,” he said, “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”
21.What influenced He Xiaoping’s and Liu Feng’s lives most? A.Historical changes B.Their own personalities C.Their family backgrounds D.Their longing for love and beauty 22.Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth? A.To show the cruelty of the war.B.To urge people to value their youth.C.To recall the days when he worked in the troupe.D.To describe the life during the Cultural Revolution.23.What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text? A.They all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.B.In our parents’ generation, they don’t love beauty due to political reasons.C.They long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.D.Though they live in different times, they still have something in common.B Eight years before his death in 1986, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告)in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludwig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of the obituary: The Merchant of Death Is Dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer.(武器制造商)。This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”? It was this thought that led him to leave his money---a huge amount of it---for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求)for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗议)at the award of the peace prize when not everyone thinks that the award-winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part of the awards don’t cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners---among them.Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King---have made contribution that deserve to be honored and remembered.24.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A.Sad and worried B.Shocked and upset.C.Surprised and confused D.Amused and puzzled.25.What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A.Seek excellence in the sciences.B.Donate all his money to the charity.C.Stop producing any killing weapons.D.Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.26.Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A.To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.B.To give examples of influential Nobel prizes.C.To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.D.To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.27.What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A.There should be more female winners.B.There are too many controversial winners.C.They have honored many worthy winners.D.The committee should be more selective.C Though not as much as in the past, grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo(纳瓦霍人)youth.They make young people aware of life at an early age.The parents allow them the privilege of teaching the children, and the grandparents take great pride in raising them.Young children often stay with their grandparents for years at a time, developing a close and trusting relationship.The grandparents teach them Navajo legends and the principle of life, emphasizing both new culture trends and the preservation of traditions.The grandparents are also the leading figure in teaching the youth the arts of weaving, caring for the livestock, using herbal medicine, and other arts and crafts.The children are taught to respect their elders, care for them, help them and learn from them.Young people are urged to listen with care to the words of their elders and keep as much wisdom as possible.Grandparents often go to social gatherings and traditional events, and young people have opportunities to learn more about their culture and traditions.I lived with my grandmother for thirteen years, and she raised me in the old ways of our people.Although I was going to school, she taught me as much as she could about our traditions.If I had a chance, I would listen again to her wise teachings, expressed with kindness in a soft voice that touched my heart.We used to plant corn and pumpkin every summer.They never grew big enough to feed us, but we planted them anyway.I asked my grandmother why.She said, “Grandson, our plants will be far more beautiful than the flowers outside the fence.” I didn’t understand until one day I saw their beauty as I was coming over the hill with her.She said, “Anything that is a part of you is always far more beautiful than the things which you pass by.” We had some beautiful years together.I’m glad she is a part of me and I’m a part of her.Children used to be well disciplined, possessing more respect for culture, traditions and beliefs than they do now.The world of the Navajo has been influenced by the western world, and the grandparents have less control and influence than they used to.But the young people who have been touched by their teachings have glimpsed a way of life beyond what most people know today.28.What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A.Grandparents are the source of traditional culture.B.Parents hate to take the trouble to raise their children.C.Early schooling isn’t very popular with the young Navajo.D.Children learn about the meaning of life from their grandparents.29.The underlined word “figure” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ” A.persons B.pioneers C.examples D.representatives 30.Why did the author’s grandmother plant corn and pumpkin? A.She had to feed her family members.B.She tried to make full use of her garden.C.She wanted her grandson to learn a life lesson.D.She expected her grandson to learn about farming.31.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A.To honor his beloved grandmother.B.To stress the greatness of the Navajo.C.To share with readers a Navajo culture.D.To show the influence of Navajo traditions.D Many years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around.Later, the compass was introduced.And now, we have satnav(卫星导航)systems to guide us.A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user’s location.They send information to a receiver, such as a smart phone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System, which belongs to the US.Then there is Russia’s Global Navigation(导航)Satellite System, the European Union’s Galileo and China’s own satellite navigation system, BeiDou.On October 14, 2017, an ARJ21-700 plane, which was the first domestically-produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight.The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced aboard, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use BeiDou-enabled tractors to plow(犁)the soil and use unmanned aircraft with BeiDou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources.BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路).“To date, the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as counties along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” said Yang Changfeng, Chief designer of the BeiDou system.Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As BeiDou expands its overseas reach, it well be increasingly popular in the logistics(物流)industry,” said Miao Qianjun, secretary-general of the navigation services association.“Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”
32.What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A.To compare some modern satnav systems.B.To describe the benefits of satnav systems.C.To tell us how satnav systems were created.D.To introduce some satnav systems and their functions.33.What can we know about the Bei Dou navigation system according to the article? A.It was used successfully in a new jet plane.B.It is more powerful than other satnav systems.C.It was introduced to China on October 14, 2017.D.It wasn’t used in our everyday life until recently.34.According to the article, the BeiDou navigation system is already widely used for.A.plowing the soil and sowing seeds B.improving the efficiency of networks.C.producing more smart locks for shared bikes.D.navigating ships across oceans to European countries.35.What is Miao Qianjun’s attitude toward the future of the BeiDou system? A.worried B.casual C.positive D.doubtful
第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether they're for a teenager or not, all great stories have certain elements: they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about;they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand.36The main character faces a problem, usually quite a serious one.The thing that most draws us into reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem--whether they get the better of it, or it gets the better of them.Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves.37 On the one hand, they’re not children anymore.They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings.On the other hand, they're not yet adults.They can’t do certain things, they're not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can't.To make things even more complicated, almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing-up process is happening too quickly.38 This year, TEENS has selected seven of the ten books nominated(提名)for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young people's literature.Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults, meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in-between” nature of teenage life.They're about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers, their siblings(兄弟姐妹), or wider society.Often, these problems are presented very seriously by writers.39 At the same time, fiction isn't supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life, but also about how people overcome those problems.40 They discover something about themselves that they never knew before, and which enables them to succeed.And the solution that they find opens the future up to them, setting them on the path to adulthood.A.And they are in a challenging period of life.B.But most importantly, great stories have a central drama.C.To some degree, a challenge brings out the best in a character.D.But that's what teenagers want in fiction: to be taken seriously.E.They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.F.These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.G.When closing a good book, we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves.第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空
One autumn morning, I spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond.The beautiful sight caught me by 41 because I’d never seen geese there before.Thinking they would soon leave, I 42 the chance to get close to them.I wondered where they came from and why they had chosen our pond.The next morning, the geese were still my 43.I walked round to the mailbox, showing them I meant to no harm.44 , I couldn't resist getting a 45 look.I hid behind some trees and 46 the handsome pair quietly through the branches.I was surprised to see they were staring at me, too!As days passed, I started 47 to them on my trips to the mailbox.They craned(伸长)their necks and raised their heads 48 , but seemed to realize I was their friend.By then, my curiosity about 49 they were staying so long at the pond changed to 50.As they were feeding in the grass the other day, I discovered the reason for their 51 : the male had a broken left wing.He couldn’t 52 , and his faithful mate wouldn’t leave him behind.I asked a biologist what to do.He explained that sometimes a 53 wing will heal by itself and suggested letting nature take its course.On the first day of November, I was working in the neighborhood of the geese with my tractor.As I bent to fasten a chain from the tractor, I 54 some movement from the corner of my eye.Both geese were running towards the pond.Their wings were 55 like crazy, struggling for takeoff.Gradually, they flew over the pond.They 56 enough altitude to fly past a neighbor’s house, and then circled back towards me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye.Then they were out of my 57.The season’s first snowflakes fell the very next day.The birds must have 58 that winter was coming, and it was time to go.I became fond of them during their 59 visit to our pond, and now I miss them.I’ll never forget their 60 to each other.41.A.accident B.surprise C.nature D.fortune 42.A.increased B.created C.deserved D.valued 43.A.guests B.puzzles C.fellows D.friends 44.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Anyhow 45.A.closer B.quicker C.quieter D.broader 46.A.approached B.calmed C.observed D.protected 47.A.turning B.attending C.driving D.talking 48.A.firmly B.cautiously C.warmly D.proudly 49.A.why B.when C.how D.whether 50.A.sympathy B.rescue C.pleasure D.concern 51.A.companion B.visit C.settlement D.care 52.A.recover B.survive C.fly D.return 53.A.weak B.folded C.broken D.flightless 54.A.held B.caught C.directed D.made 55.A.spreading B.sweeping C.trembling D.beating 56.A.gained B.set C.discovered D.lost 57.A.reach B.sight C.control D.help 58.A.concluded B.indicated C.sensed D.confirmed 59.A.unexpected B.casual C.regular D.short 60.A.contribution B.promise C.treat D.devotion
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡响应的位置上。
Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and pollution from exhaust fumes(废气).So since 2007, the City__ 61___(begin)a plan to improve the situation.Under the Velib scheme(公共自行车计划), people can take a bicycle ,use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour is free,___ 62___if you don’t return it after 30minutes, you have to pay.It’s ¢1 a day or 29 a year.The bicycles are as heavy as 25kilograms, and they are all grey ,and have___63___(basket).There are a large number of them in the city ,and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations。
Paris isn't the first city_64__(operate)a scheme like this.Not everybody thinks it' s a great idea.One Parisian(巴黎人)said,“These bicycles are only suitable ___65___ short journeys.If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle-they'll still use the cars.A city spokesman said, “The bicycle scheme won't solve all our trafficproblems, but it might work in__66___(reduce)air pollution.Traffic, together with factory fumes, ___67___(be)a big problem.Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes---we know this is partly because rainforests are ___68___(gradual)disappearing.And it's also because there's so much pollution.There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead a healthier life.___(69)__we do something now, there'll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even___(70)___(bad).第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其正下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(╲)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词正下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词,请严格按照要求格式修改。
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.When we arrived at there, It had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm.At breakfast the next day,everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华,你的加拿大笔友Cindy来信说她想了解你的家乡的情况,请 你用英语给她回复,简要介绍你的家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要 物产以及近年来的变化等,并邀请她来做客。注意: 1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.A 38.E 39.D 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.B 52.C 53.C 54.B 55.D 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.D 61.has begun 62.but / yet 63.baskets 64.to operate 65.for 66.reducing 67.is 68.gradually 69.Unless 70.worse
三、短文改错:
Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the 71.a 72.had same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.73.wonderful When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible 74 storm.At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad 75.storms weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing 76.decided 77.it again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were
78.while/as/when waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily,79.frightened I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, ∧ at last they sent a helicopter
80.and to save us.书面表达
Possible Version I Hi Cindy, I’m happy to receive your letter.Now I’m gladto tell you something about my hometown,Zhengzhou.Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henanprovince, is located in the middle of China.We feel comfortable all year around with a pleasant climate.There are many places of interest here, such asZhengzhouErqiMemorialTower and ShaolinTemple.Also, there issome famous local produce, including garlic, watermelons and Chinese dates.Many highways, flyovers and subway lines have been built in recent years, making it more convenient for us to travel.Everyone’s efforts have paid off, so we havea more enjoyable environment now.Hope one day you can come to my city and I’llshow you around it then.Best wishes,Li Hua Possible Version II Hi Cindy, I’m glad you’re interested in my hometown, and I’m proud to share with you its brief introduction.Zhengzhou, located in Central China, is the capital of Henanprovince.It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as dates, garlic and watermelons.As an ancient capital city, Zhengzhou has a long history, making it full of historical scenic spots, ShaolinTemple, for example.It is well-known around the world for its Kung Fu and Buddhism.In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed, becoming a modern busy metropolis, and a trade and transportation center.Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce.I believe you’ll love it.Best wishes,Li Hua
第四篇:郑州市2014年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测题语文答案
2014年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测
语文参考答案
一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)
1.C(“早在春秋战国时期,人们就在重阳佳节登高祭祀”错误,春秋战国时期的登高祭祀活动不一定是在九月初九重阳节那天。)
2.C(山峰“能够通往神仙的居所,只要虔诚地登上它,就能超越芸芸众生”只是原始先民虔诚的信仰,并非事实。)
3.B(对“重阳登高由原生态山岳山神崇拜过渡为朝觐山神与菩萨的朝山活动”的原因理解错误,原文是“自各地开山建刹以来„„”)
二、古代诗文阅读(36分)
(一)文言文阅读(19分)
4.B(司:掌管)
5.C(②③均是表明叶衡关心百姓疾苦。)
6.D(“叶衡上奏劝说皇上赐他制科出身”无中生有,叶衡上奏只是希望皇上能“赦其狂而取其忠”,是出于对李垕的爱护。)
7.(1)征收科税定下期限在县衙门口张榜(公布),让里正告诉百姓,不派一个官吏而赋税自然收足。
译出大意给2分;“榜”(张榜,张贴)、“俾”(使,让)、“谕”(告诉,使„„知道,晓谕)三处,每译对一处给1分。
(2)有人说常平仓不可以轻易打开,叶衡说:“储蓄粮食正是预备紧急的事情,怎可看着百姓挨饿而不救助呢?”
译出大意给2分;“或”(有人,有的人)、“发”(打开,开启)、“缓急”(偏义复词,偏“急”,急需的、紧急的事情,急用)三处,每译对一处给1分。
注意:①关键词与“大意”不重复扣分;②关键词译成近义词也可;③“关键词”翻译从严,“大意”翻译从宽。
(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)
8.这句诗的意思是:直到天亮,都只有月色“空明”,无人欣赏。(2分)(“竟晓”一词遥承“梦断”,)暗示诗人(梦醒之后,)辗转无眠,直到天明。(1分)这一句寓情于景,皓........月当空本是极美的景致,但诗人无心欣赏,含蓄地表现了内心的孤独和对故人的思念。(2....分)
9.“情”包括:①客居异乡的孤独飘零之感。“异乡”言其飘零,“梦断”言其孤独难眠,乡梦难成。②对贫病交加的境遇的喟叹。爱书成癖却因病不能读,心生愧意,有嗜酒之名却家贫无钱沽酒,这种境况令人感慨无奈。③对时光易逝的感慨。暮春时节花自飘零,“过”字写春天已逝,暗寓时光易逝的感慨。④对远方故人的思念。想着故人远行天际,自己思念故人却不得相见,只能把思念化作一声长啸。[6分;答出一点给2分(概括和分析各1分),答出任意三点、意思对即可]
(三)名篇名句默写(6分)
10.(1)燕然未勒归无计羌管悠悠霜满地
(2)乘彼垝垣泣涕涟涟
(3)不如须臾之所学也吾尝跂而望矣
(6分;每句1分,有错别字该句不得分)
11.(1)答E 给3分,答C给 2分,答B给 1分,答A、D不给分(A项“表现了作者对当下人们身体素质较弱这一现实的忧虑”无中生有,偏离了小说的主题;B项“象征着‘我’与老太太之间从心存隔膜到彼此理解的转变”拔高了环境描写的作用;D项“因„„导致„„”强加因果,不合文意)
(2)不同心理:①第一处表现了老太太初与人搭讪谈及儿子时,不经意间流露出的自豪;②第二处则表现了老太太因思念儿子,内心极为痛苦,但又不愿以之示人,想要用夸耀儿子的语言来掩饰的微妙心理。(4分;答出一点给2分,意思对即可)
作用:①重复出现,突出了老太太对儿子的怀念和自豪之情,使人物形象真实可感;②前后呼应,突出了“儿子”玩魔方水平之高,照应了小说标题。(2分;答出任意一点、意思对即可)
(3)①心直口快。看到四十岁上下的中年人途径唐古拉山口时抓住输氧管吸氧,直言他们这些年轻人身体都不行了。②命运悲苦,内心痛苦。丈夫与儿子相继离世,孤单无依,生活很痛苦,双眼像干涸的枯井;因村里人说自己命硬克死丈夫、儿子而自责、内疚。③外表冷漠,言行古怪。旅途中面无表情,很少笑,称四十岁上下的人为“少年”,且不满邻座男人对她的质问,并以自己的“逻辑”回应,不管他人是否尴尬。④坚强。平静地向“我”讲述丈夫和儿子离世时的惨状;尽管内心十分痛苦,在人前仍努力想挤出一点笑容。⑤深爱儿子。与“我”谈到她儿子拼魔方时充满自豪;七十岁高龄,还要去看“儿子”,去看珠穆朗玛峰。(6分;答出一点给2分,答出任意三点、意思对即可)
(4)示例一:小说以“魔方”为线索,贯穿全文。(2分)①“魔方”引出了“我”与“老太太”的对话,进而引出了老太太对儿子的回忆,故事情节随之自然展开,最后,“我”为了安慰老太太而花了一个晚上拼好魔方,给她惊喜。(2分)②在老太太的叙述中,魔方多次出现,与情节发展和人物情感变化相始终。(2分)可以说,“魔方”是链接“我”“老太太”和“儿子”三者的纽带,整个故事围绕魔方展开,情节发展更为自然也更为紧凑集中。(2分)
示例二:小说运用了双线结构,一明一暗,构思巧妙。(2分)①明线围绕“我”与“老太太”来展开,“我”在火车上偶遇老太太,从起初觉得她很古怪,不关心她,到听完她的讲述后想方设法为她拼好魔方的六面,表现了“我”对老太太由不理解到敬重、同情、关怀的情感变化过程。(2分)②暗线围绕“儿子”展开,老太太断断续续的讲述,为“我”和读者呈现出另一个故事:“儿子”从小爱玩魔方;三十多岁时疯狂地迷上了登山,并为此与媳妇离了婚;登过很多山,每到一处都给母亲寄明信片;后来不顾母亲的反对去登珠穆朗玛峰;成功登顶,在峰顶拼好魔方;下山途中遭遇雪崩去世。塑造了一个坚定执着、不断挑战生命极限的登山爱好者形象。(2分)两条线索时有交叉融合,使行文更富于变化,避免了平铺直叙。(2分)
示例三:小说运用了欲扬先抑(先抑后扬)的写法。(2分)①老太太一出场就面无表情,言行古怪,让周围的人觉得阴沉;随着交流的深入,“我”渐渐发现她屡遭不幸但性格坚强,外表冷漠却内心充满着爱。(2分)②“我”起初觉得老太太古怪,不想理睬,勉强敷衍她;后来却对她肃然起敬,满怀同情。(2分)这种欲扬先抑的写法,不仅避免了情节的平铺直叙,增强了故事的吸引力和可读性;也使得人物形象更加真实,主题更为突出。(2分)
(如有其他答案,言之成理可酌情给分。如:在平实的对话中展开故事情节。本文不像别的小说那样有完整曲折的情节,而是在人物的对话中逐渐展开情节,通过语言、动作等细节描写来刻画人物,表现主题,使小说具备了一种散文化的风格,行文自然。)
12.(1)答E给3分;答C给2分;答B给1分;答A、D不给分。(A项对吴大观转系的原因概括不全面,促使他转系的原因主要是“中学时代就对‘航空’有着极大兴趣”,加之“目睹了日本飞机狂轰滥炸的侵略行径”而受到刺激,孙中山先生“航空救国”口号的影响只是一个方面。B项“新中国成立后,由于综合国力较弱,我国尚没能掌握这项核心技术”表述不够准确。文中提到“1956年11月,他(吴大观)„„亲自领导设计了我国第一台喷气教练机的喷发1A发动机。1959年9月他负责设计、试制的红旗2号发动机上台试车”,说明我国已部分掌握了发动机的核心技术。D项“只有包括吴大观在内的十名专家坚持自行研制”表述错误,原文是“不少人极力主张引进国外成熟的发动机,只有少数人坚持自行研制”,没有明确人数,而“吴大观在内的十名专家”只是“联名上书邓小平同志,引起了党中央的高度重视,最后经邓小平批示,‘太行’发动机项目才得以立项”。)
(2)客观原因:①国家建设和航空工业发展的需要。航空发动机是航空工业的核心技术,掌握不了这一核心技术,就容易受制于人,阻碍航空工业发展。因此自主研发“中国心”是我国航空工业发展的迫切需要。②国家支持,党中央高度重视,使“太行”发动机项目得以立项。③技术引进为自主创新提供了基础。主观原因:①以吴大观为代表的一批专家坚持走自主研发的道路。②吴大观等专家历时十八年的奋斗和无私奉献。(6分;答出一点给2分,答出任意三点、意思对即可)
(3)①照应标题中的“中国心”和“中国情”。②以梁焱“我的外公是一个中国人”这样朴素而含义深刻的话高度概括吴大观的一生:他的一生把一切都奉献给了中国,他研发的是“中国心”,他满怀的是“中国情”。③从一个晚辈亲人的角度评价吴大观的一生,朴实、真实、亲切,表现了后人对他无私奉献的一生的理解和崇敬。④用别人的评价侧面描写吴大观的形象,丰富了传记的内容和写作角度。(6分;答出一点给2分,意思对即可)
(4)观点:吴大观用一生的执着追求和无私奉献完美地诠释了他的“中国情”。理由:........
①求学时期,为了“航空救国”,毅然从西南联大机械系转学航空系。②婉拒留美邀请,学成归国,加入中国共产党,投入新中国航空发动机事业中,屡创佳绩。③在引进和仿制航空发动机的过程中,摸索出中国航空发动机自主研发之路,为中国第三代战机装上了“中国心”。④时刻忧心祖国的发展,以国家建设发展为己任,几十年如一日捐献巨额党费。(8分;“观点”明确2分;“理由”答出一点给2分,答出任意三点、意思对即可)
五、语言文字运用(20分)
13.B[A项“求全责备”意为“苛责别人,要求完美无缺”(《现代汉语词典》)或“对人对事要求十全十美(这里的“责备”是“要求完备”的意思,不是批评指责)”(《现代汉语规范词典》)。后面不能跟宾语。C项“巧言令色”指“用花言巧语和假装和善来讨好别人(令:美好)”。此处不合语境。D项“信手拈来”多形容写文章时词汇或材料丰富,不费思索,就能写出来。此处用错对象。]
14.A[B项介词残缺,应改为“担负着为体育和公益事业筹集资金任务”。C项句式杂糅.
(或“成分赘余”),应改为“造成的直接后果是微信支付系统暂时瘫痪”或“导致微信支付系统暂时瘫痪”。D项语序不当,应改为“柏林电影节历史上第一个”。]
15.B(注意语句内容的衔接和标点符号的提示作用)
16.①每个器官都有严格的分工②遇到合适的条件仍可再生③这个细胞就能变成一...............个植株(6分;答出一句给2分,意思对即可)..
17.①造型似一本翻开的书,又似两本相互倚靠、朝不同方向立起的书;寓意年会以“书”为纽带,沟通心灵。②造型像一扇打开的门;寓意书籍可以打开人们心灵世界的大门。③会徽粗实的边沿轮廓,勾勒出汉字“中”字,巧妙将“书”的形象和“中”的字形融于一
体;寓意书香中国,人文中国。[5分;答出一点给2分(“形”和“意”各1分),答出两点给4分,答出三点给5分,意思对即可]
六、写作(60分)
18.参照2013年高考作文评分标准。
参考角度:①自我认知;②扬长避短;③成功无捷径。
附:文言文参考译文
叶衡字梦锡,婺州金华人。绍兴十八年进士及第,调任福州宁德县主簿,代理县尉。因捕获盐寇改官,任临安府于潜县县令。户口簿上累积弊端,富户大多隐瞒漏报,贫弱户困于重复缴纳(赋税),叶衡把民户定为九等,从五等以下除去他们的名籍,而把他们应缴纳的份额均摊给上四等的民户,贫穷的人顿时得救。征收科税定下期限在县衙门口张榜(公布),让里正告诉百姓,不派一个官吏而赋税自然收足。治绩成为各县中最好的,郡长官把他的政绩向皇上报告。
提升为常州知州。当时发大水造成灾荒,叶衡开仓煮粥给饥民吃。有人说常平仓不可以轻易打开,叶衡说:“储蓄粮食正是预备紧急的事情,怎可看着百姓挨饿而不救助呢?”瘟疫大起,叶衡单人独骑命令医生跟随自己,到处访问疾苦,救活的人很多。官府发文让晋陵县丞李孟坚代理无锡县县令,治理有声誉,叶衡向皇上推荐,就授为秀州知州。
叶衡授任太府少卿。合肥临湖边有圩田四十里,叶衡上奏说:“招募百姓耕种,每年可收谷数十万,免除租税,二三年后田地定下规模,仿照营田方式,公家私人各收一半。”皇上听从了他。
叶衡授任户部侍郎。当时盐税亏欠很多,叶衡上奏说:“近年来赋税收入没有增加,是私商贩盐妨害了它,应从煮盐的地方就加以管制,管理盐锅的生火灭火,核查盐灶的多少,盐户的本钱按时发给他们,盐出得多了按时收购,选廉洁能干的官吏访察他们,私贩自然会绝迹。”于是任命了措置官三人。
叶衡遭逢母丧。复职后授任枢密都承旨。上奏马政的弊端,应当命令每一个统制分头管领马匹若干,到年底计算马匹数目排定优劣。李垕应贤良方正科对策时,近于亢直敢言,列入第四等,叶衡上奏说:“陛下赦免他的狂妄而选取他的忠诚,足以显示陛下包容谏言的隆盛。”于是赐李垕制科出身。有人进言江、淮兵士名籍作伪泛滥,下诏让叶衡考察检视,赐给他袍带、鞍马、弓箭,并且命叶衡处理安置民兵,人们都称赞他抓住了治军的要点。叶衡办完事入朝觐见皇上,皇上当时驾临偏殿检阅武士,召叶衡参与观礼,赐他酒,皇帝亲自写字赐给他。
叶衡拜任右丞相兼枢密使。皇上专心一意恢复国土,凡是将帅、武器、山川、防守都经过思考,奏对结束,从容不迫地赐他座位,研讨谈论机密大事,或者随时召他进见。
皇上选派使节出使(金国)要求归还黄河以南的土地,叶衡上奏说:“司谏汤邦彦有口才,适宜出使金国。”汤邦彦请求面见皇上,问起派遣出使的原因,知道是由于叶衡的推荐,恼恨叶衡排挤自己,听说叶衡对客人说过诽谤皇上的话,报告了皇上,皇上大怒。当天罢免了叶衡的相位。六十二岁时叶衡去世。
第五篇:郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第三次质量预测语文试题
2018年高中毕业年级第三次质量预测
语文 参考答案
一、现代文阅读(35分)
(一)(9分)
1.(3分)B(观点混淆,“做人要做君子正是他思考的结果”并非冯友兰的观点,而是作者的看法。)2.(3分)B(无中生有,文章并未指出“中华传统文化与西方文化”“各自的优缺点”。)3.(3分)C(强加因果,中国传统文化“不会层层追问‘是什么、为什么’”,并不是因为“中国传统文化重行动、轻言辞,重实践、轻思辨”。)
(二)(14分)
4.(3分)D(从小说内容看,影响人心的不仅有自然界的雾霾,还有生活和情感的阴霾,因此小说的主题并不仅仅是“环境保护”。)
5.(5分)①雪猴子的故事以艺术的方式揭示了雾霾的成因。(1分)雪猴子象征贪婪的人类,正是人类无休止地追求物质享受,无节制地向大自然索取,才破坏了自然的平衡。(1分)②喜洲画《雪猴子》,表达出他通过自己的努力消除雾霾的朴素愿望。(或答“画中出现喜洲爸爸,说明喜洲渴望得到父爱。”)(1分)③雪猴子的故事为喜洲画《雪猴子》做了铺垫。(1分)④丰富了小说情节,增加了小说的趣味性和可读性。(1分)
6.(6分)①梦中雪落,象征对降雪的渴望。雪能驱走雾霾,引来扑鸽,让人们恢复正常的生活节奏,所以母子俩衷心期盼雪的降临。②梦中雪落,表明内心获得安宁。单亲生活的阴霾中,母子俩沟通心灵,作画自修,战胜了焦躁不安,获得了内心平静。③梦中雪落与小说开头“小雪这天无雪”首尾呼应,结构圆合。④梦中雪落(雪景),营造出宁静祥和的氛围,与前文雾霾笼罩下的暗沉、压抑形成对比,给生活增加了一抹亮色。(6分;每点2分,答出任意三点即可;如有其他答案,如“似真似幻,亦实亦虚”等,言之成理也可酌情给分)
(三)(12分)
7.(3分)D(以偏概全,“限制中国人工智能产业的发展”只是特朗普挑起中美贸易战的目的之一。)
8.(3分)C(“相关的政策法规、标准体系还是一片空白”的表述绝对化,只能说“亟待完善”。)9.(6分)①政府加大相关资金投入;②政府加大扶持力度,推动重大原创成果攻关与突破;③科研机构和企业协同打造有国际影响力的生态圈和产业链(形成良好的AI发展生态),进行系统的超前研发布局;④大量培养人工智能尖端人才;⑤建立和完善适应人工智能发展的基础设施、政策法规和标准体系等;⑥推动行业应用,加快信息化技术和行业的深度融合。(6分;每点1分,意思对即可)
二、古代诗文阅读(35分)
(一)(19分)
10.D(“仲淹以刺讥大臣重加谴谪,倘其言未合圣虑,在陛下听与不听耳,安可以为罪乎?陛下自亲政以来,屡逐言事者,恐钳天下口,不可。”)
11.D(“田地”属户部掌管。)
12.D(“大败贼军”错,原文只说余靖与李德政相约“会兵击贼于邕州”并“备万人粮以待之”,并未“大败贼军”)
13.(10分)
(1)年少时不受约束,因为文学才华而被乡里人称赞。考中进士而进入官场,升迁为秘书丞。[译出大意给2分;“羁检”(“约束”“管束”“拘束”“羁绊”等)、“称”(“被……称赞”)、“起家”(“进入官场”“进入仕途”等)三处,每译对一处给1分](2)没有满足(贪婪不休)的索求,从此就开始了。倘若调派西部兵力来防备北部边境,造成的祸患就更大了。
[译出大意给3分;“厌”(“满足”)、“傥”(“倘若”“如果”“假如”等)两处,每译对一处给1分]
注意:①“关键词”与“大意”不重复扣分;②“关键词”译成近义词也可;③“关键词”翻译从严,“大意”翻译从宽。
(二)(11分)
14.(5分)B、E(B项诗歌第二句意为从昆仑山上流下来的黄河水被分引凿渠,修成一条运河,而非“劈开昆仑山凿出一条运河”,并且该句也没有运用夸张手法。E项“抒发了对大唐强大国力的赞颂之情”一说无中生有,该句意为隋炀帝因奢侈荒淫导致亡国,与陈后主的结局相似;且许浑为晚唐诗人,当时唐国力已衰。)
15.(6分)①想象(或者虚写)。描绘出当年隋炀帝游乐时极其热闹的情景:鼓声直上云霄,遏住行云,摇动星辰;旌旗招展水面,日月之影浮动。想象奇丽,描绘生动。②夸张。鼓声可以遏住行云、摇动星辰,极言鼓声之响,表达形象鲜明。③妙用动词。“动”和“浮”两个动词把震天的鼓声使星辰摇动、日月的倒影在水面浮动的情景生动地描绘出来,富于动态美,且渲染了东游的盛大气势,用词精妙。④视听结合,描写了盛大的东游场面,含蓄地讽刺了隋炀帝的骄奢淫逸。(6分;答出一点给2分,意思对即可;如有其他回答,言之成理也可酌情给分。)
(三)(5分)16.(5分)
(1)蒙络摇缀 参差披拂
(2)剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬 一夫当关 万夫莫开(每答出一空给1分,有错别字则该空不给分)
三、语言文字运用(20分)
17.B [A项“求田问舍”多方购买田地,到处问询屋介。指只知道置产业,谋求个人私利。比喻没有远大的志向(含贬义)。此处不合语境。B项“历久弥新”指经历长久的时间而更加鲜活,更加有活力,更显价值。此处符合语境。C项“流金砾石”形容天气炎热能使金石熔化,也说铄石流金。此处望文生义。D项“有口皆碑”比喻对突出的好人好事一致颂扬。此处误用对象。] 18.D(A项句式杂糅,可改为“受到观众好评”或“观众好评如潮”;B项成分残缺,应在“中国正当权益”后面加上“的行为”;C项搭配不当,不能说“完成……经历”,可去掉“完成”。)
19.B(华庭,敬词,指别人的房子。)
20.①最容易造成植株外伤(或“最容易伤及植株叶片”)
②吸收的氨气就最多 ③直接危害到植株的根部
(每写对一处给2分,共6分,意思对即可。)21.答案示例:
①如果大家都保持沉默,这个世界将会是怎样的死寂和无趣?面对坏人坏事选择沉默是金子一样的珍贵美好吗?
②如果逆境出人才,那么非洲作为世界上最贫穷落后的地区,出的人才一定是最多的。(或“如果逆境出人才,那么人才最聚集的一定是非洲而不是美国。”)
③如果士兵都想着去当元帅了,那么士兵谁来当?(或“雷锋甘心做一颗普通的螺丝钉,那他就不是好士兵吗?”)
(写对一处给2分,写出两处给5分,意思对即可)
四、写作(60分)
22.(1)参考立意: 赞同的观点:
①社会上一些人事业上的成功可以刺激另一些慵懒、懈怠的同龄人,让他们看清差距、脱离安逸,激励他们奋发图强;
②社会总会有优胜劣汰,社会竞争仍很激烈,唯有不断奋斗、追逐成功,才可能不被同龄人远远抛下。
反对的观点:
③每个人的成功标准不同,成功的定义也绝不仅仅是套现十几亿,不应将同龄人的“成功”与普通人的平凡进行对比,普通人在平凡的岗位上也有属于自己的成功;
④每个人的生活观不同,金钱不是衡量幸福感的唯一标准,金钱也不一定能带来幸福,普通人也有属于自己的幸福生活。
综合的观点:
⑤每个人的成功都需要具备各种因素,而且成功的早晚也不同,不应以此制造焦虑和恐慌; ⑥成功无法复制,时代需要创造,只有保持自己的人生航向并不断努力,才能不被时代抛弃。(2)参考立意: “我看阅读”:
①纸质阅读有其自身的优势,因为纸质书籍更具质感和体验感,更能让人在阅读的过程中享受到阅读的愉悦;
②拇指阅读因其快捷与便利而广为盛行,正是因为此种阅读方式契合当今时代信息传播的特点,给人们的阅读带来诸多便利;
③纸质阅读和拇指阅读两种阅读方式各有千秋,二者在营造书香社会的过程中相得益彰,不应偏废。
“我的阅读”(略)
附文言文参考译文:
余靖,字安道,韶州曲江人。年少时不受约束,因为文学才华而被乡里人称赞。考中进士而进入官场,升迁为秘书丞。多次上奏章谈论事情,进言说班固的《汉书》有谬误,皇上令他与王洙一起校勘司马迁的《史记》和范晔的《后汉书》两部史书。史书校勘完毕呈给皇上,被提升为集贤校理。范仲淹被贬饶州,谏官御史们都不敢说话(替范仲淹说情)。余靖说:“范仲淹因指出大臣的过错而遭到了重责,倘若他的话不合乎陛下的旨意,陛下则可听可不听,怎么可以因此治他的罪呢?陛下自从亲理朝政以来,屡次放逐上书言事的人,(长此以往,恐怕会堵住天下人的嘴,这是不可以的。”奏章刚呈上,他就被降职监管筠州酒税。尹洙、欧阳修也因为范仲淹的缘故,先后被贬谪放逐,余靖从此更加闻名。庆历年间,宋仁宗决意根除天下的弊端,增加谏官的人数,让他们陈论国家政事的得失,任命余靖为右正言。余靖在职时多次上书谈论政事,曾上书指斥夏竦奸诈邪恶,不可以做枢密使;王举正无能,不适合在朝任职;狄青只是一个武将,让他独自镇守渭州,恐怕会败坏边防。他的意见大多被皇上采纳了。适逢西部边境(西夏)厌倦战事,西夏皇帝李元昊请求议和,与宋商议增加每年的赏赐财物。余靖说:“景德年间,契丹兴全国之兵,直逼澶渊。先帝御驾北征渡过黄河(定下澶渊之盟),也只赐给他们金帛三十万。景德年间的祸患,近在疆界之内,但每年赐给他们的财物也只有那么多;现在的危机,远在西部边境之外,每年却要赐给他们这么多。如果李元昊的使者返回,增加了所期望的岁赐,那么契丹知道这件事后,难道不会生出异心?没有满足(贪婪不休)的索求,从此就开始了。倘若调派西部兵力来防备北部边境,造成的祸患就更大了。只是考虑到(与西夏)和议与否,都有后患,就不必违背意愿顺从它,而使国家蒙受羞辱。”升迁余靖知制诰。侬智高在邕州起兵叛乱,乘胜攻取了九个郡,用兵包围了广州。朝廷正考虑南方的事情,诏令把广南西路交给余靖节制。侬智高向西逃往邕州,余靖预计他必定与交趾结盟,并胁迫当地各族峒人来保全自己,于是与交阯郡王李德政相约集合兵力在邕州围剿叛贼,并储备了上万人所需的军粮在邕州等待李德政的军队;又招募侬、黄各姓的酋长,(都给他们封官,)以官职笼络他们,使他们不与侬智高联合。不久朝廷派狄青、孙沔率兵一起讨贼,贼寇被平定。擢升他为尚书工部侍郎。任广州知州,做官做到工部尚书去世。朝廷特追赠他为刑部尚书,谥号襄。