应用文常用句式

第一篇：应用文常用句式

一、邀请信

1、I’d like...to come to dinner

非常希望...共进晚餐

2、request the pleasure of

恭请...3、The favor of a reply is requested

敬赐复函

4、May I have the honor of your company at dinner?

敬备菲酌，恭请光临

5、Thank you for inviting us to dinner

谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐

6、I hope you’re not too busy to come.我期望您会在百忙中光临

7、The reception will be held in...,on...招待会定于...在...举行

8、We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend….我们期待您的光临

9、We are looking forward to...我们期待着....10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion

为此我们决定举办一次晚会

11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience

是否参加，请早日告之

二、感谢信

1、Thank you very much for....十分感谢...2、Many thanks for your...非常感谢您...3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for...请接受我对...真挚的感谢

4、I am truly grateful to you for...为了...，我真心感激您

5、It was good(thoughtful)of you...承蒙好意(关心)...6、You were so kind to send...承蒙好意送来...7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您

8、I find an ordinary “thank-you” entirely inadequate to tell you how much...我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地...9、I sincerely appreciate...我衷心地感谢...10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for...我对..深表谢意

11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation

谢谢贵方的真诚合作

① I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。

②Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。

③Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附;医生证明 I shall be very happy to call at your house at 6:30 this evening.Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。Enclosure

④Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。

⑤Mr.Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。

⑥I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。

⑦Your note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。

⑧I‘m very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I’m sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。

⑨Please accept this little gift as a small token of my esteem for you.奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。Token=symbol

⑩结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。

⑾Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。

⑿Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。

⒀Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。

第二篇：高考应用文备考句式

高考应用文必背套句

一、感谢信

1.我写信想向你表达我对你的感激之情，因为在你的帮助下，我英语取得了很大进步。I'm writing to extend/express/convey my gratitude to you because with your help I have made much progress in English.2.多亏了你的慷慨帮助，否则我将一事无成。

Thanks to your generous help, or I could have gone nowhere.3.没有你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。

If it hadn't been for your assistance, I wouldn't have made much progress.4.是你慷慨的帮助让我得到这个好机会。

It is your generous help that enables me to obtain this splendid opportunity.5.是你的好客和帮助让我的旅行变得很有意义和收获。

It was your hospitality and great help that made my journey fruitful and worthwhile.6.希望你方便的时候能到中国来玩。

I really hope you can come to China for a visit when it is convenient for you.7.对于你的关心与付出，我再次表达真挚的感谢，并永生难忘。

Thanks again.Please accept my sincere thanks for your caring and efforts, which I will never forget.二、道歉信

1.之前答应你下周末一起去北京玩，很抱歉，现在我去不了了。

I'm sorry that I failed to go on a trip to Beijing with you and I'm writing to apologize to you for breaking my promise.2.我希望你能接受我的道歉。请允许我另定时间带你参观北京，我将不胜感激。

I really hope that you can accept my apologies and understand me.I would appreciate it if you allow me to fix another time to show you around some places of interest in Beijing.3.为了避免误会，我想请你吃饭并当面向你解释。

In order to prevent/avoid/ remove misunderstanding, I would like to have you for dinner and explain to you face to face.4.再次，为我造成的不便向你道歉，希望你能接受我真诚的歉意。

Once again，I'm sorry for any inconvenience I've caused.Hope you can accept my sincerest and deepest apologies and forgive me for my fault.三、投诉信

1.我写信向你投诉有关上个月我在你家店买的手机的问题。

I’m writing to express my dissatisfaction about the mobile phone I bought last month in your store.2.我是你的一个顾客。我想投诉你店里一个服务员的不礼貌而且粗鲁的行为。

I am one of your customers.I’m writing to complain about one of your waiters’ improper and rude behaviors.3.我对……不满意有一些主要原因。首先，……更糟糕的是，……最后，……

There are some main reasons why I am not content with…First, … What’s worse, … Eventually, … 4.我真诚地希望你能认真调查这件事情，以及采取恰当的措施防止类似事件再次发生。

I sincerely hope that you will look into/investigate the matter/incident seriously and proper measures should be taken to prevent such an incident happening again.5.你若能尽快采取措施处理这个问题，我将感激不尽。

I would appreciate it very much if you could take measures to deal with/solve the problem as soon as possible.四、祝贺信

1.我写信祝贺你在英语口语比赛中获得第一名。

I am writing to congratulate you on your winning the first prize in the English Speaking Competition./I am writing to express my sincerest congratulations(to you)on...2.得知你多年的努力有了回报，我是多么高兴啊!

How happy I am to hear that many years of your efforts have paid off!3.你取得成功，我一点也不奇怪。

It came as no surprise to me that you finally succeeded.4.我确信正是你的努力使你成功。

I know for sure that it is your hard work that leads to your success.5.你的成功给了我极大的鼓舞。

Your success has greatly encouraged me to study harder.6.你能告诉我怎样提高口语吗？你的经历将对我的学习有很大的帮助。

Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.7.祝你在学习和工作上有更大的成功。

I wish you greater success in your studies and work.五、求助信

1.我很难用合适的英语单词表达我的想法，所以我写信向你求助。

I have some trouble in using proper English words to express my thoughts, so I'm writing to you to seek some help.2.不知道你是否能给我一些建议。I wonder if you could give me some advice.3.但不幸的是，我发现很难适应新环境。

Unfortunately, I find it quite difficult to adapt to a new environment.4.面对这些问题，我感到十分恐惧与焦虑，希望你能帮我。

Facing these problems, I'm seized with fear and anxiety and I hope that you will be kind enough to help me.5.我相信你的任何建议都会帮到我。

I'm sure that any advice will be a big help to me.6.如你能及时回复，我将感激不尽。

Your kind early reply would be greatly appreciated.六、建议信

1.得知你英语学习有困难，我写信给你一些这方面的建议。

knowing that you are having some difficulty in learning English, I'm writing to share with you some advice concerning the problem.2.以下是给你的一些建议来改变这个处境。

Here are some suggestions for you to change the situation.3.首先，我建议你每天读英语书。

To begin with, I suggest that you should read English books every day.4.其次，每天用英语写日记难道不是一个很好的选择吗？

In addition to that, wouldn't it be a good idea to keep a diary in English? 5.我希望我的建议对你有用。

I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you.I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/ helpful/useful.七、安慰信

1.听说你出了事故，伤了左腿，我很难过。

It was a great shock to hear that an accident happened to you and you had your left leg injured./ I can't tell you how sorry I felt when I heard that...2.事实上每个人都会经历一些糟糕的事。

The truth is that everyone may have one of those terrible experiences.3.最重要的是改变态度，对未来乐观。

The most important thing is to change your attitude and remain optimistic about your future.4.如果需要帮助，请告诉我。

If I can be of any help, please don't hesitate to let me know./ If you want me to do anything, don't hesitate to let me know./I shall be delighted if I can do anything for you.5.希望时间能带走你的伤痛。

I hope that time will take away your sorrow.6.希望你尽快振作起来。记住，我的心和我的思想一直与你同在。

I hope you'll cheer up soon.Remember that my heart and my thoughts are with you.八、通知

1.Good afternoon, everyone.May I have your attention, please!(口头通知)2.我校定于下周五晚上6:00至8:00举行新年晚会。

Our school is scheduled to hold a New Year party from 6:00 p.m to 8:00 p.m next Friday./

A New Year Party is to be held in our school from 6:00 p.m to 8:00 p.m next Friday.3.活动旨在让我们更好地了解中国文化。

The activity is intended to enable us to have a better understanding of Chinese culture./

The activity aims(力求)to enable us..../ With the aim of enabling us to have....,(our school is to hold the activity...)

4.会议通知：时间（2018年4月5日 晚上7点）地点（3号楼103房间）

A meeting is going to be held in Room 103 of Building 3 at 7:00 on the evening of April 5, 2018./ 5.参加演讲比赛的同学请在5月25号前到学生会办公室报名。

Those who want to take part in the English-speaking contest are required to sign up for it at the Students’ Union office before May 25th.(书面通知)

Please sign your name at the Students’ Union office before May 25th if you want to take part in the English-speaking contest.(口头通知)6.要求所有的学生出席这次报告。

All the students are required to attend the lecture./ All the students are expected to....7.欢迎所有的人参加这次活动

Every one of us is welcome(to take part in the activity).8.请准时参加。

Please attend it on time./ Please be present on time.九、邀请信

1.我写信诚邀你参加我校组织的一次活动。

I'm writing to warmly invite you to participate in an activity organized by our school.2.知道你对中国文化感兴趣，我想邀请你和我一起看展览。

Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture, I'd like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.3.我肯定你会感兴趣的，因为你一直对运动有热情。因此，我想邀请你加入球队。

I'm sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports.Therefore, I'd like to invite you to join the team.4.活动细节如下：

Here are some details about this activity./ Some details about this activity are as follows.5.活动将于6月21下午2:00到500:在校大厅举行。

The activity will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21.6.我真的希望你有空参加这次郊游，因为东湖是一个好玩的地方，我们肯定会玩得很开心。I do hope that you are available for this trip, for East Lake is such a fun place for people to enjoy themselves and surely we will have a great time there.7.我相信旅行时少不了会感到兴奋与愉快。

I'm fully convinced that there will be no shortage of excitement as well as enjoyment during the trip.8.我们真诚希望你能够参加。

We sincerely hope you can attend it.9.如能尽早答复，我们将不胜感激。

Your reply at the earliest convenience will be highly appreciated.10.你的参加肯定会给我们的晚会增色，我们大家盼望着你的加入。

Your participation can surely add color to the party and we are all looking forward to your involvement.十、倡议书

1.作为高中生，告诉身边的每一个人节约用水是我们的责任。

As high school students, it's our duty to tell everyone around us to save water.2.我叫李华，是校学生会主席，我想大家注意环境保护的重要性。

I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.I'd like to call your attention to the importance of protecting our environment.3.为了帮助地震灾区的孩子，学校号召我们捐钱或衣物。

In order to.../ With the aim of.../ For the purpose of helping the children in the earthquake-stricken area , our school calls on us to donate clothes or money.4.我希望我们有限的力量能够帮助那些需要的人。

I hope our limited effort will make a difference to those in need.5.我非常支持这个活动，因为它非常有用而且有意义。

I'm strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful.6.让我们从现在开始每天努力一点点，抓紧每一天、每一小时、每一分钟。

Let's start right now and spare no effort to do a little every day, every hour and every minute.6.让我们携手，立即行动。

Let's join our hands and take action immediately.十一、申请信

1.我在报纸上看到你公司在招聘一名秘书。我非常感兴趣，我想申请这个工作。

I have read in the newspaper that a secretary is wanted in your company.I'm so interested in this position that I'm writing to apply for it.2.我认为我适合这个岗位

I think I'm qualified/fit for the position.3.而且，我非常熟悉西方文化。

What's more, I am well familiar with the western culture.4.我很想得到这个宝贵的机会，因为通过提供服务，我不但能增强在公众场合说英语的自 信心，而且能提高组织能力与沟通能力。

I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, not only will I increase my confidence in speaking in public, but also improve my organization ability and communication skills.5.我肯定我不会辜负你的期望。如果你能考虑我，我将非常感谢。

I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.I will be grateful if you could give me

akind consideration.6.我希望我能够成为你们的一员。

I hope I can be accepted as a member of your company.7.在你方便的时候给我一个回复，我会非常感激的。

I will greatly appreciate a respond from you at your earliest convenience.十二、请假条.很抱歉我今天不能上您的英语课。

I'm terribly/ extremely/ really sorry to tell you that I can't attend your English classes today.2.我想知道我能否请个事假，时间是周二到周五。

I would like to know if I could apply for a personal leave of absence from Tuesday to Friday.（ask for a leave of absence from...）

3.由于严重头痛，我将不能够参加晚会/会议。

Owing to/ On account of/ Because of a severe headache, I will be unable to attend the party/meeting.4.对于我休假所带来的不便，深表歉意.I apologize for the inconvenience that my absence from work may cause.5.我答应尽快地补上我该做的工作。

I promise to make up the duty as soon as I get back from leave.6.如果你能准假，我将不胜感激。

I would appreciate it if you could approve my request./ I would be very grateful if you grant me my leave./ Your kind permission will be greatly appreciated.

第三篇：高中英语应用文写作的实用句式1.——道歉信

道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话

I am writing this letter to express my regret… I am writing to apologize for…

I would like to give you my apology for… I am very sorry to say that…

I must apologize about(not)doing sth… Please accept my sincere apology for… I am writing to say sorry for… I am terribly sorry, but… 道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话

Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please allow me to say sorry again.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.I am sorry that I can’t… and trust that you will be able to understand.道歉信模板

Dear ______, ①I am truly sorry that ______（道歉的原因）.②The reason is that ______（介绍原因）.③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.④Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件： 1.表示歉意； 2.解释原因； 3.另约时间。

注意：1.词数80字左右； 2.可适当增加细节。Dear Tom, I’m very sorry that I can’t go on a trip to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised you.I’m writing to tell you the reason for it.Just now, my cousin, Li Ming, who went abroad for further education last year, informed me that he would return the next Saturday morning.He asked me to pick him up at the airport with his parents.As you know, we haven’t seen each other for about a year, so I’ll have to help him in the first place.I really hope that you can accept my apologies and understand me.I would appreciate it if you allow me to fix another time to show you around some places of interest in Beijing.Wish you have a good time this weekend!

Yours, Li Ming

第四篇：句式222

转换句式

1、这是真理。（改为反问句）

2、多得些知识决不是一件坏事。（改为否定句）

3、这件事我一定要做。（调换顺序，意思不变）

4、疲劳和干渴把它们折磨得有气无力。（改为“被”字句）

5、澎湃的波涛把海里的泥沙卷到岸边。（改为“被”字句）

6、又短又软的淤泥怎么承受得住这样重的老象呢？（改为陈述句）

7、是不是应该用我的能力把我所能做到的事情做得更精致、更仔细、更加一丝不苟呢？（改为陈述句）

8、多读多练，作文会进步。（用关联词语把句子连起来）

9、他的学习成绩很好，很自私，算不上好学生。（用关联词语把句子连起来）如果胜利不属于这样的队伍，还会属于谁呢？（改为不用关联词表示肯定的陈述句）

11、这是英雄的中国人民坚强不屈的声音！（改为反问句）

12、他热情地和我握了握手，说：“我的国语讲得不好，是初学的。”（改为不用引号的转述）

13、这难道不是伟大的奇观么？（改为陈述句）

14、我在星星的怀抱中微笑着。（改变句序，句子意思不变）

15、不劳动，连棵花也养不活，这难道不是真理吗？（改为陈述句）

16、多得些知识不是坏事。（改为反问句）

17、小李完成了老师交给她的画版报任务。（改为“被”字句）

18、在这树上有许多鸟巢。（改变词序，句子意思不变）

19、海上日出真是伟大的奇观。（改为反问句）

20、外祖父送给了莺儿一幅墨梅。（改为“把”字句和“被”字句）

21、地球之外是否有生命存在，是人类一起探索的宇宙生命之谜。（改为反问句）

22、这些设想即使能实现，也是遥远的事情。（改为反问句）

23、我完成了这幅作品。（改为感叹句）

24、我做成了这个试验。（改为反问句）

25、你不是不知道这件事有多重要。（改为肯定句）

26、这比山还高，比海还深的情谊，我们怎能忘怀呢？（改为肯定句）

27、狂风刮飞了地上的落叶。（改为“把”字句和“被”字句）

28、没有太阳，就没有我们这个美丽的世界。（改为反问句）

29、有几个省市的建设与兴安岭完全没有关系呢？（改为陈述句）

30、蔺相如说：“秦王我都不怕，会怕谦将军吗？”（改为转述语句）

31、听到这个消息，我高兴地跳起来。（改为反问句）

32、这本书难道不是你的吗？（改为陈述句）

33、王老师对同学们说：“星期天，我们一起去滑雪”。(改为间接引用）

34、小红军对陈庚说：“我还要等我的同伴呢？”（改为间接引用）

35、爸爸对妈妈说：“明天我出发，你别去上班了。”（改为间接引用）

36、人与山的关系日益密切，怎能不使我们感到亲切、舒服呢？（改为陈述句）

37、在阳光下，一片青松的边沿，闪动着白桦的银裙，不像海边上的浪花吗？（改为陈述句）

38、大至矿井、铁路，小至椽柱、桌椅，有几个省市的建设与兴安岭完全没有关系呢？（改为陈述句）

39、雨下得很大。（改为比喻句）

40、田里的青蛙叫。（改为拟人句）

41、这么美的水真吸引人。（改为反问句）

42、写得不怎么样，但还是有希望的。（改为双重否定句）

43、他这样做虽然过分了点，但还是有道理的。（改为双重否定句）

44、问题还没有弄清，但已经有了一点儿头绪。（改为双重否定句）

45、凡卡从老板的立柜里拿出一小瓶墨水。（改为反问句）

46、这个足球场太小了。（改为夸张句）

47、他的鞋真大。（改为夸张句）

48、桂花开了，很远就能闻到香味。（改为夸张句）

49、这里一只鸟飞起来，那边鸟又落下去，眼睛都看不过来了。（改为夸张句）

50、哥哥把牛郎叫到跟前。（改为“被”字句）

51、小窗户里望见的能有多大呢？（改为陈述句）

52、凶狠的老板打凡卡。（变换语序，意思不变）

53、溪水哗哗地流向远方。（改为拟人句）

54、“鸟的天堂”真是鸟的天堂。（改为反问句）

55、天空中飘着大雪。（改为比喻句）

56、你承认电子计算机是“天之骄子”。（改为双重否定句）

57、地球资源枯竭了，人类否能活吗？（改为陈述句）

58、曹操气得脸都红了。（变换语序，意思不变）

59、地球是人类的母亲，生命的摇篮。（改为反问句）

60、邱少云趴在火堆里一动也不动。（改为比喻句）

61、有一天，妈妈忽然对我说：“莺儿，我们回唐山去。”（改为间接引用）

62、越过岷山，不能不使红军战士喜笑颜开。（改为反问句）

63、绵延不断的王岭山脉，在红军眼里却很细小。（改为比喻句）

64、漓江的水绿得仿佛一块无暇的翡翠。（改为反问句）

65、大家老师热爱自己的祖国。（改为反问句）

66、父亲说：“这是我对你们的希望。”（改为间接引用）

67、我是一名少先队员，必须遵守纪律。（改为反问句）

第五篇：主要句式

2011年中考英语考点9主要句式

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(一)知识概要

初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：

① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it.Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy.The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。

要注意的有如下几点：

① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party.a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。

②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good(news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。两个警察为 two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen

⑤ 所有不定代词 each，either，neither，one，the other，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone，something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and not only … but also，neither … nor，either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet，如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam.又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or，either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for，so 如： They studied very hard，so they all passed the exam

在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。

① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that,(that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure(that)she has passed the exam

②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if(whether)he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not

③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I don't understand what you said(what 作 said 的宾语)。又如： I asked him what made him sick(what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④ who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?

⑤ whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，① how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如： How much does it cost?

② when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from?

④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。

① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如： I know he didn't come.我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。

② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如： 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun状语从句主要有时间 状语从句，其连接词有：after，before，when，as，as soon as，until(till)，while，since，by

其中较难掌握的有以下几点：

① until(till)直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back 

② 由since，for，by，before 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since １９９０ 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago

③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow

在原因状语从句中主要是

① because，应译为“因为”。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard

② since 应译为“既然”，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk

③ as 应译为“由于”，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as … as，如： This book is as good as that one

要注意的有两点：

① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。

② 用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as(so)… as，如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如： He is younger than I am

要注意的是表示“越来越”这一概念时有两个句型：

① 比较级＋and＋比较级，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful

② 定冠词 the ＋ 比较级＋ the ＋ 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方 式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与 like(介词)的区别。as 作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me

结果和目的状语从句主要有 so … that，so that，in order that等几种用法。

① so … that用在单数可数名词前，so ＋ 形容词 ＋ a ＋ 名词 ＋ that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such ＋ a ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her

② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such，如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.③ 在much，many，few，little 之前只能用so，如： I have so little money that I can't buy it

④ so … that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such，如： It is so good that I want to buy ⑤ so that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus

（二）正误辨析 

［误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago  ［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago.

［析］ 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。 ［误］ To read many books are good for you  ［正］ To read many books is good for you  ［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 ［误］ What he said are right  ［正］ What he said is right 

［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。 ［正］ The rich is not always happy  ［误］ The rich are not always happy 

［析］ 形容词＋定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports ［误］ The school master and writer are coming  ［正］ The school master and writer is coming 

［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。

［误］ You or she go to get some water for us  ［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us 

［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor，not only … but also 也有人称作“就近原则”。 ［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom  ［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom 

［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher，而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。 ［误］ My glasses is broken  ［正］ My glasses are broken  ［误］ This pair of glasses are good  ［正］ This pair of glasses is good  ［误］ These kinds of butter is good. ［正］ These kinds of butter are good

［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜，shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。 ［误］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match  ［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match  ［析］ One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。 ［误］ Half of the work are done  ［正］ Half of the work is done  ［误］ Half of the books is read  ［正］ Half of the books are read 

［析］ 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如： ２ ３，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。

［误］ Each sides are full of trees  ［正］ Each side is full of trees  ［误］ Both side is full of trees  ［正］ Both sides are full of trees 

［析］ each，either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。如： each，either，another，little，a little，much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。 ［误］ The boys each has an apple  ［正］ The boys each have an apple 

［析］ each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。 ［误］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert  ［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert 

［析］ everyone，someone，everybody … 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。［误］ Girls like dancing very much，but few likes playing football  ［正］ Girls like dancing very much，but few like playing football  ［析］ few 虽然含意上是“几乎没有”，但作主语时仍要当作复数。 ［误］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred  ［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred 

［析］ the number of 意为：某某的数字是…… 如： the number of students 学生人数，the number of players 运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass ［误］ The rest of the students is here  ［正］ The rest of the students are here  ［误］ The rest of the work are done  ［正］ The rest of the work is done 

［析］ the rest of 的用法与２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的结构一致，of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of，a lot of，plenty of。

［误］ The news in today's newspaper are not bad  ［正］ The news in today's newspaper is not bad 

［析］ 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news，physics，mathematics，thanks，…

［误］ The Chinese is kind and friendly  ［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly 

［析］ Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： one Chinese，two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。［误］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me ［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me ［析］ 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。 ［误］ Who are going to take part in our football match?  ［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match? 

［析］ 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one? ［误］ What a hot weather it is! ［误］ How hot the weather it is! ［正］ What hot weather it is! ［正］ How hot the weather is!

［析］ 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is!应转换为： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起点是单词 it。再来看感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather，则只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the weather is!转为陈述句时为： The weather is hot这时句子的开始单词为 the weather，再来看感叹句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。 ［误］ We have to sing this，have we?  ［误］ We have to sing this，haven't we?  ［正］ We have to sing this, don't we?

［析］ 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外： Let's go home，shall we? Let us go home，will you? She had to leave，didn't she? Do your homework at once，will you?

There is not much good news in today's newspaper，is there? Neither of them are right，are they? I think he will come to the party won't he?

think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party，is he? ［误］ I want to know where does he live  ［正］ I want to know where he lives 

［析］ 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。 ［误］Nor I have 

［正］Nor(Neither)have I 

［析］ nor，neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so，如： I do my homework very quickly，So does Mary ［误］ Look!Here the bus comes! ［正］ Look!Here comes the bus! ［误］ Look!Here comes he! ［正］ Look!Here he comes  ［析］ 在 there，here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。

［误］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No，I don't hope so 

［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No，I hope not 

［析］ 我不这样想，可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not 这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如： I think so.I hope so ［误］ That is difficult for us to learn English well  ［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well 

［析］ It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that，如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。

（三）例题解析 

1

There ＿＿＿ a pencilbox on the desk．

A.is B.are

C.has

D.have ［答案］ A.

［析］ There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk 2

Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?

A Mrs King where lives B where does Mrs King live  C where Mrs King lives D Mrs King lives where ［答案］ C.

［析］ 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。 3

Your brother came to see you，＿＿＿ ?

A does he B doesn't he C did he D didn't he  ［答案］ D.

［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didn't he 4

It's getting cloudy，＿＿＿ ?

A does' it B doesn't it C is it D isn't it ［答案］ D.

［析］ 要区分's 是 has 还是 is，这里由 getting 得出's 是is。 5

＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long． A Not B Won't C Don't D Not to ［答案］ C.

［析］ Don't ＋ 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。 6

Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?

A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he ［答案］ A.

［析］ 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。 7

You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ?

A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you  ［答案］ D.

［析］ 这里的 have 是实意动词“吃”，而不是助动词。 8

＿＿＿ sunny day!Let's go out for a walk． A How a B How C What a D What ［答案］ C.

［析］ 这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!9

-Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ?

-Sure She's a nurse A where is your sister B where your sister is  C what is your sister D what your sister is ［答案］ D.

［析］ who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my fatheris he? He is a teacher

What 问的是职业，如： What 10

 10

John likes listening to the radio，＿＿＿ ?

A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe ［答案］ B.

［析］ 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。 11

Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team． A are B were C am D is ［答案］ C.

［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。 12

＿＿＿ delicious food!I'd like some more． A what a B How a C What D How ［答案］ C.

［析］ 因 food 为不可数名词。 13

＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair? A Are B Is C Has D Have ［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。 14

Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?

A when the train will arrive B when the train arrived  C when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives ［答案］ A.

［析］ could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。15

-＿＿＿ bad weather!

-Yes，But it's going to be fine soon，I think A How B What a C What an D What ［答案］ D.

［析］ weather 为不可数名词。

16

-Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?-Yes，They ＿＿＿ to the library A where are the twins，have been B where were the twins，have been  C where the twins are，have gone D where the twins were，have gone ［答案］ C.

［析］ have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。 17

Go and ＿＿＿ the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right away． A turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on  ［答案］ D.

［析］ 这是个祈使句，它由 and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。18

Let's go for some tea，＿＿＿ ?

A shall we B will we C do we D don't we ［答案］ A.

［析］ Let's go …，shall we? Let us go …，will you?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。

19

Joan's short，＿＿＿ ?

A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she ［答案］ C.

［析］ 在此句中应视's为is，而不是 has 或 was。 20

I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word． A which B what C whose D how ［答案］ D.

［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word，所以应用疑问副词 how。

21

He didn't go to school，＿＿＿ he was ill． A for B but C and D so ［答案］ A.

［析］ 这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如： He was only twelve，so he couldn't join the army 22

The young woman can hardly ride a bike，＿＿＿ she? A doesn't B does C can't D can ［答案］ D.

［析］ hardly 为否定词，所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。 23

Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays，＿＿＿ ? A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he ［答案］ A.

［析］ never 也是否定词，所以应将句子看作否定句。 24

Mother said to him，“Don't ＿＿＿ on football．” A spend too much time B to spend too much time  C spend too many time D to spend too many time ［答案］ A.

［析］ time 作为“时间”讲为不可数名词，应用 much 来修饰。当作“次数”讲是可数名词，如 three times 三次，而 Don't … 这一句是祈使句的否定句。

25

Mr White，together with some Japanese friends，＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon． A are going to B is going to C have D has ［答案］ B.

［析］ 句子的主语是Mr White，而together with … 是伴随状况，不影响句子的主语。 26

There is little water in the glass，＿＿＿ ? A is it B is there C isn't it D isn't there ［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是 there be 句型的反意疑问句。

27

Ampere was thinking about a maths problem，＿＿＿ ? A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he ［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是进行时态的反意疑问句。

28

She had a good time yesterday，＿＿＿ she ? A wasn't B didn't C hasn't D isn't ［答案］ B.

［析］ had 这里是实意动词而不是助动词。

29

We'll make ＿＿＿ for you in the front of the car． A a room B room C rooms D some rooms ［答案］ B.

［析］ room 此处为不可数名词，意为“地方，空间”。 30

Neither she nor I ＿＿＿ to the Great wall before． A has gone B have gone C have been D has been ［答案］ C.

［析］ 由neither … nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。 31

Help me collect these books，＿＿＿ ? A are you B will you C do you D shall you ［答案］ B.

［析］ 祈使句的反意疑问句应用 will you，而Let's go 例外，其反意疑问句为 shall we? 32

The number of deer，mountain lions and wild roses ＿＿＿ change much if people leave things as they are． A don't B doesn't C isn't D didn't ［答案］ B.

［析］ the number of 为“……的数量、数目”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而 a number of 要加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。 33

She's had breakfast，＿＿＿ ?

A is she B isn't she C hasn't she D has she  ［答案］ C.

［析］ 这里的's应视为 has 34

I wonder ＿＿＿ ．

A whose bicycle is it B it is whose bicycle C is it whose bicycle D whose bicycle it is ［答案］ D.

［析］ wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。 35

It is good for us ＿＿＿ morning exercises． A do B to do C did D done ［答案］ B.

［析］ 这里的 it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式 to do … 36

Peter has sports very often，＿＿＿ ?

A does，Peter B doesn't he C doesn't Peter D does he  ［答案］ B.

［析］ has 这里是实意动词，而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。37

Mr Black said，“Jenny，don't be late tomorrow” Mr Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ ．

A don't be late tomorrow

B didn't be late tomorrow  C not be late next morning

D not to be late the next day ［答案］ D.

［析］ tell 一般要加双宾语，其间接宾语是 Jenny，直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。

38

Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny，＿＿＿ ? A does she B didn't she C did she D wasn't she ［答案］ B.

［析］ read这里是过去时态，因其主语是第三人称单数，而 read 并未加 s 所以是过去时态。(read 的过去时与过去分词都是 read，只不过读音不同)