美联英语：地震常识及避震逃生教案(双语)

第一篇：美联英语：地震常识及避震逃生教案(双语)

美联英语提供：美联英语：地震常识及避震逃生教案（双语）

An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which originates at or below the surface.地震是地壳一次突然的震动或运动，起源于地球表面或以下。

There are two main causes of earthquakes.They can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions or can be triggered by tectonic activity, with the latter being the cause of most earthquakes.地震由两种主要原因引起。他们都跟火山爆发有关或由建筑活动引起的。后者是大多数地震的原因。

Earthquakes in the UK are all tectonic quakes, triggered when the Earth’s crust is subjected to strain and eventually moves.英国的地震都是由建筑物震动，是由地壳绷紧时最终移动引起的。

At the start of a quake there is a sudden movement within the Earth's crust and shock waves move out from that point.震动开始时地壳内部有一些突然的移动，随后地震波开始在那一点传开来。The focus of the earthquake or tremor is often deep below the surface and difficult to map, so what is normally called the epicentre is taken as the point on the Earth directly above it.震中心通常在表面以下深处，很难用地图表示，所以通常我们所称的正中心为地球最上方。

There are two scales for defining the strength of an earthquake, the Mercalli Scale and the Richter Scale.地震强度用两个级别来定义，Mercalli级别和Richter级别。

Earthquakes emit three types of waves which have their own characteristics.地震发出两种波，它们有各自的特征。

Primary waves are identical in character to sound waves.The ground is forced to move forwards and backwards as it is compressed and decompressed.主要波跟声波的特征相同，当地面被加压或减压时强迫向前和向后移动。

Secondary waves travel more slowly and arrive after the P-waves.They move in all directions, at speeds which depend upon the density of the rocks through which they are moving.They cannot move through liquids.They can move walls and fences, leaving them 'S' shaped.次要波传播的更慢，发生在P波之后。它们根据所穿过岩石的密度以不同的速度向各个方向移动。他们不能穿过液体。但可以穿过墙和篱笆，留下S形状的痕迹。

Surface waves are formed close to the epicentre and can only travel through the outer part of the Earth’s crust.They are responsible for the majority of the buildings damaged by earthquakes.The ground is made to move in a circular motion, causing it to rise and fall as visible waves move across the ground.表面波在正中心形成，它只能穿过地壳外部，是大多数建筑物在地震中损坏的原因。地面环形运动，引起上升或下降，成为可视波横穿地面。

地震发生时我们要做些什么

1.If you are indoors, duck or drop down to the floor.Take cover under a sturdy desk, table or other furniture.Hold on to it and be prepared to move with it.Hold the position until the ground stops shaking and it is safe to move.Stay clear of

windows, fireplaces, woodstoves, and heavy furniture or appliances that may fall over.Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts.If you are in a crowded area, take cover where you are.Stay calm and encourage others to do likewise.1.如果你在室内，低下身子，或是匍匐在地板上。躲在坚实的书桌、餐桌或其它家具之下，以此为遮盖物。抓紧这些家具，随时准备行进。维持这一姿势直到地面停止 震动，确认情况安全后才能移动身体。远离那些可能会倒塌的窗户，壁炉，火炉，大型家具和家用电器。在室内还要避免被落下的玻璃或倒塌的建筑物砸伤。如果你 处于一个比较拥挤的区域内，待在原地则是明智之举。务必保持冷静，并让他人也按照此法而做。

2.If you are outside, get into the open, away from buildings and power lines.2.如果你在室外，往开阔的地方跑，远离高楼和电线。

3.If you are driving, stop if it is safe, but stay inside your car.Stay away from bridges, overpasses and tunnels.Move your car as far out of the normal traffic pattern as possible.If possible, avoid stopping under trees, light posts, power lines, or signs.3.如果你在开车，请停在安全的地方，但不要下车。不要停车于桥梁，天桥和隧道。尽量远离常规的交通路线。如果可能的话，避免将车停在树下，灯柱下，电线下或 广告牌下。

4.If you are in a mountainous area, or near unstable slopes or cliffs, be alert for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.4.如果你在山区，或是在不稳定的斜坡或山崖旁，注意那些因地震而从山上滚落下来的岩石和其它山体残骸。

5.If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.5.如果你在海滩上，马上往高地跑，或是跑向开阔的内陆地区。

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第二篇：《地震常识及避震逃生》教案

《地震常识及避震逃生》教案

教学目标

根据教学内容的特点，结合初中一年级学生的心理特点和认知水平以及新课标要求，我制定了以下三维目标： [知识目标]了解地震的成因和前兆，掌握地震来临时如何逃生和自救。

[能力目标]培养学生搜集处理信息的能力，学会地震发生时的避难方式，懂得如何自救和互救。

[情感目标]提高地震的安全保护意识，感受地震灾害中人与人互相救助的可贵精神，珍爱生命。教学重点：

认识和感受地震给人们带来的巨大损失和灾难。让学生学会在地震发生时的避难逃生方式，掌握地震中自救互助的本领。教学难点：

知道在地震中如何自救及互救。教法和学法：

教法：在本节课的教学中, 我采用了情境教学法，合作探究法，体验感悟法，把学生作为学习的主体。

学法：学生的学法主要是自主探究法、体验感悟法、模拟演练法。教学准备：

教师和学生一起收集相关的资料，教师借助图片、多媒体辅助教学。

五、教学过程

（一）创设情境，导入新课

1、展现地震发生前，美丽的风景、和谐的生活。问：今天我给大家带来了一些漂亮的风景，大家想不想看啊？

[出示几幅图片校园图，图1、2、3、]在这美丽的校园中，我们幸福地生活着，快乐地学习，然而在2008年5月12日14时28分时，当我们正沉浸在幸福之中时，随着一声轰隆，（出示图4）楼房倒塌，地面下陷，山石崩塌。我们永远忘不了那一天，数万人掩埋在废墟中。（结束放映）地震爆发后，我们悲痛万分，同时我们也对地震产生恐惧。了解地震知识，如何面对地震，出示课题。（出示图5）再请同学们说一说在汶川地震中你自己看到的，听到的。把收集到的一些图片介绍给大家，让学生感受到地震给我们带来了什么样的危害。

2、展现地震发生后破碎的家园、凄惨的环境。播放照片（图6-14）：从房屋的倒塌，到人员的伤亡，以及人们悲痛的表现。

接着引导学生进行感悟。当你们看到这些图片时你想说什么？学生自由谈感想。接着我借助多媒体课件对地震资料进行补充。（出示地震形成的图片15、16）然后引入课题：大自然有不可抗拒的一面，但为了尽量减少地震带来的伤害，我们有必要去全面、深入地了解关于地震的信息。

3在这个环节的学习中我应用了探究学习法，首先出示问题：地震来了怎么办？设定不同的地点：学校、家中、野外、公共场所。然后通过这样几个步骤来完成：学生自由说一说，结合资料讲一讲，讨论交流议一议，汇报交流记一记。（图片20、21、22、23、24、25）[教学预设]:我想在学生结合资料讲一讲这一环节中可能会遇到这样的问题:有的同学说藏在桌子下有的同学说藏在桌子旁，那么哪个答案才正确呢？（出示图片26）如果有这样的情况发生,我可以先让同学讨论解决,如果还没有解决,我可以出现事先准备一段视频，让学生在看视频的同时找到答案。假如被压在废墟下，如何采取必要的现场自救措施？（图27）先让学生讨论你所知道的方法。（图28、29）让学生讲一讲自己知道的这次汶川地震自救，互救感人的故事。同时播放在地震中自救感人的视频，（图30、31、32）然后让学生谈一谈,你听了看到这些故事你有什么样的感受？体会人们在危难中团结互助精神的可贵。最后教师总结:小震不用跑，大震跑不了，惊慌出意外，就地躲藏好。头脑要冷静，灵活对策找。（图33）[设计意图：此环节学生通过课前搜集资料，课堂讨论，汇报交流来达到相互学习的目的，培养了学生的学习能力。通过搜集来的故事深深打动了学生的心，使学生对地震中自救，互救的知识有进一步的了解。实现教师情感，学生情感和文本所要表达情感的共振。在教学过程中我注重了培养学生的自主学习，主动探究，合作协商。]

（五）亲身体验，模拟演练

此环节我设计地震情境，假如我们正在学校三楼上课，这时发生地震，我们将如何自救？找八人前来演示。接着让同学们来自评，互评，谁做得好，谁的位置更具有安全性？被埋压在废墟下的自救演练，假设几种情境，学生自演互评，总结在废墟中逃生方法？①设法与外界联系。②与外界联系不上时可试着寻找通道。试着排开障碍，开辟通道。③要冷静，要保存体力，等待救援。[设计意图：通过学生的模拟体验，让学生更加明确了在地震中如何应用学到的知识，体验人与人之间互相救助的可贵精神，珍爱生命。]

（六）活动延伸，灾难无情人有情

为了让学生们感受到灾难来临，大爱无限的人间真情，我设计了这个环节。让孩子们通过互相讨论，我们中学生如何尽自己的绵薄之力，帮助灾区人民重建家园，帮助灾区孩子重返校园。孩子们可以以小组为单位，将自己节省下来的零用钱，用过的学习用品，旧的衣物……捐献给灾区；也可以走上街头，通过宣传防震知识和逃生办法来进行募捐，用自己的力量为社会出力。

[设计意图]现在的有些学生有很高的智商，但缺少关心、关爱他人的情商，这一环节的设计让学生懂得人间自有真情在的道理。唤醒学生内心深处想去关心、帮助他人的美好情感。

第三篇：2010高考英语：地震作文用语及避震知识

刚刚发生的青海地震让大家心里都对地震又恨又怕。虽然天灾我们无法控制，但我们可以做好应对措施，这样就可以尽可能的减少伤亡。

An earthquake is a tremor of the earth's surface usually triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines.This release causes movement in masses of rock and resulting shock waves.In spite of extensive research and sophisticated equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake, although experts can estimate the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in a particular region.In 1935, American seismologist(地震学家)Charles Richter developed a scale that measures the magnitude of seismic waves.Called the Richter scale, it rates earth tremors on a scale from 1 to 9, with 9 being the most powerful and each number representing an increase of ten times the energy over the previous number.According to this scale, any quake that is higher than 4.5 can cause damage to stone buildings;quakes rated a magnitude of 7 and above are considered very severe.A less-known scale, the Mercalli scale(麦氏震级), was devised by Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli to measure the severity of an earthquake in terms of its impact on a particular area and its inhabitants and buildings.Some earthquakes are too small to be felt but can cause movement of the earth, opening up holes and displacing rocks.Shock waves from a very powerful earthquake can trigger smaller quakes hundreds of miles away from the epicenter.Approximately 1,000 earthquakes measuring 5.0 and above occur yearly.Earthquakes of the greatest intensity happen about once a year and major earthquakes(7.0-7.9)occur about 18 times a year.Strong earthquakes(6.0-6.9)occur about 10 times a month and moderate

earthquakes(5.0-5.9)happen more than twice daily.Most earthquakes are not even noticed by the general public, since they happen either under the ocean or in unpopulated areas.Sometimes an earthquake under the ocean can be so severe, it will cause a tsunami, responsible for far greater damage.The greatest danger of an earthquake comes from falling buildings and structures and flying glass, stones and other objects.If you live in an earthquake-prone area, here are some steps that can be taken to minimize risks:

如何应对地震：

Affix bookcases, cabinets, refrigerators and furniture to the walls.将书架、橱柜、冰箱和家具固定在墙上。California and Japan sell silicone

putty kits that can be used to stick dishes and other breakables to the walls.Fit cabinets with “childproof locks,” so doors will remain closed and items won't fly out.锁好橱柜。

Have a backpack prepared and attached to the bed, containing shoes, a flashlight and batteries, keys, money, first-aid supplies and medicines, a knife, food, water, ID and insurance information.Attaching the pack to the bed helps to insure that it will not be thrown around during an earthquake.准备好应急包。

Keep shoes next to your bed, so you can put them on as soon as a quake begins.将鞋放在床边。

Have a family evacuation plan including phone numbers and a safe place to which to evacuate.做应对地震的演习。

Establish escape routes from each room in the house.确定逃跑路线。If you are in an earthquake:

If you are indoors, find a secure location to wait out the quake, such as under a heavy table or desk, or in an interior hallway where you can brace yourself between two walls.Doorways are among the safest places to stand, thanks to the strong beams overhead.However, watch out for swinging doors.Stay away from windows.如在室内，躲在安全的地方。If you are outdoors, try to get into an open area, away from falling buildings, power lines, trees, etc.如在室外，紧急疏散到空旷地带。If you are in a crowded public area, crouch down, with your hands protecting your head and neck.如在人口密集的地方，蹲在地上，保护住头颈。

If you are in your car, pull over to the side, away from power lines and overpasses, and stay inside the car until the shaking has subsided.如在车内，躲着一角，避开电线和车顶，直到震动停止。

Be sure to put on shoes immediately, to avoid injury from stepping on broken glass and objects.穿好鞋，以防被玻璃和其他物件所伤。Check yourself and others for injuries.检查伤口。

Check for gas and water leaks and damage to electrical wires.关闭煤气、水管和电线。

Survey the exterior of your home for structural damage to the chimney, roof, foundation and walls.检查房屋状况。

Do NOT use your automobile unless there is an emergency.除非紧急，不要用汽车。

If you must leave the area, try to leave word where you can be contacted.如果必须离开，留下你的联系信息。

REMEMBER that there may be aftershocks, which can also cause great damage to your surroundings.Be prepared!小心余震!

第四篇：YC200931014云南省地震局《防震避震常识》、《地震知识100问.

YC200931014云南省地震局《防震避震常识》、《地震知识100

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招标文件附件（电子文档）使用权限声明及使用承诺书

招标人声明：根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》和《中华人民共和国著作权法实施条例》，招标人提供的《防震避震常识》相关电子文档仅限于给投标人用于印刷本次招标投标书文件中的样品附件，投标人不得扩大使用范围，或向其他第三方传播，开标三日内，投标人必须从电脑及相关介质中删除全部与上述样品印刷有关的电子文档，如投标人违反本声明，招标人将在法律许可的范围内，最大限度追究投标人的责任。

本投标人承诺：无论本投标人是否中标，该电子文档的全部或部分都不会被复制、传播或留做其他用途，如本投标人未在本次招标中标，相关电子文档将在招标结束三日内彻底删除。如本投标人有幸在本次招标中中标，相关电子文档将在合同执行结束三日内彻底删除。如因本投标人的有意或无意造成对招标人著作权的损害，本投标人愿意以最高人民币壹千万元对招标人进行赔偿。

承诺人（投标人）：（盖单位章）

法定代表人（或授权委托代理人）：（签名）

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第五篇：【美联英语】双语阅读：青春

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Let's take steps to banish some of the most common negative thoughts many of us repeat to ourselves.Being in a negative space is harmful to our overall well-being, because what you dwell on can easily become self fulfilling if you don't change your mindset.让我们一起行动起来，消灭那些我们经常告诉自己的消极想法吧!如果你不改变想法，而是一味地沉浸在消极的念头中，那么，我们的整个身心就会受到影响，因为“噩梦”也会成真。

1.I'm not good enough.我不够好。

This type of negative thought that can apply to many categories.Maybe you don't think you're a good enough mother or good at a sport.Even if you find yourself lacking in something, there's no need to keep repeating it to yourself.The human brain is an incredible thing.Be inspired by Dr.Jill Bolte Taylor, Harvard-trained neuroscientist who suffered a stroke that left her unable to walk, read, write, talk, or remember her previous life.Dr.Taylor took eight years to recover and has since then written a best-selling book about her experience and appeared on Oprah.Keep on working toward something, and watch the leaps and

bounds you'll make.这种消极想法有很多类型。比如你认为自己不是个称职的妈妈或不擅长运动。即使你真的发现了自己的弱点，也没必要对自己不断复述。人脑是神奇的。吉尔泰勒就是个激励的好典型，她是哈佛大学的神经系统学专家，中风后她就失去了行走、阅读、书写、交谈的能力了，甚至还失忆了。她花了八年的时间复原，用自己的经历写了畅销书，还上了奥普拉的节目。坚持做一件事，亲眼见证自己的变化。

2.No one cares about me.没人关心我。

To accurately say that your family and friends don't care about you would be a very rare situation.Maybe you're being too negative and overlooking the gestures of love they show you.They don't even have to be big gestures, but it's the little things they do for you that count.And people may be reacting to the energy you're putting out;perhaps you think they don't care about you so you don't make any effort in your relationships.Start showing people you care, so they can show you back in kind.And if you don't have good relationships with the people you know, what's stopping you from making new friends?

家人朋友都不关心你，这种情况其实不太常见。可能你过于消极的想法使你忽略了他们对你表达的爱。他们甚至并不需要为你做什么惊天动地的大事，正是一些小事才真正打动人心。或者你觉得没人关心你，所以无需再经营人际关系，但其实也许人们只有在感知到你的付出后，才会对你进行回报;关心别人，别人才会关心你。如果你和周围人的关系处理不好，为何不结交些新朋友?

3.I really dislike this person.我真的不喜欢这个人。

If you dislike a person in your work or personal life, focusing on her bad qualities is not going to make things better.You need to let go of your assumptions about her and know that she is human too, which means she makes mistakes.Either you move on and stop thinking and talking about her, or learn to approach her or think about her in a positive manner.Focus on her good qualities, and repeat them to yourself instead of honing in on the unpleasant things.如果工作或生活中有你讨厌的人，只关注她的缺点有害无益。你需要放下对她的所有成见，告诉自己她也是个人，也有犯错的时候。要么就不再谈论她和想着她，要么学着去接近她，或想想她好的一面。多想想她的优点，不要再专注于让你不开心的事情。

4.Why is she better off?

为什么她比我好?

Comparing yourself to someone else is never productive or positive.There's always going to be someone who is younger, prettier, smarter, or richer than you.If you keep coveting what someone else has, then this may cause you to be resentful of them, which will open a whole other negative can of worms.Remember, what they don't have is your whole package.Be appreciative of what you have, because if you want to play the comparison game, remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are.和别人比较永远不是有效率和积极的表现。总有比你年轻，漂亮，聪明，富有的人。如果你始终关注别人拥有什么，会带来你对他们的恨意，随即带来更多消极的想法。记住，你所拥有的也是他们所没有的。珍惜你所拥有的东西，如果真的想和别人比较，也别忘了总有

比你差的人。

5.I'll never reach my goal.我永远无法达到目标。

If you think you're not going to be able “get there,” think again.There are many people who are worse off and have overcome bigger obstacles than what you are facing.Take, for example, Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius, an amputee who overcame his handicap to compete in the Olympics against his able-bodied peers.Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a a positive attitude.如果你认为自己达不到，再想想。比你差的人比比皆是，他们遇到的困难也比你的更大。比如，奥运会短跑选手刀锋战士奥斯卡·皮斯托利斯，一个被截肢的运动员，战胜了自己的阻碍，在其他健壮的对手中脱颖而出赢得了奥运会的冠军。只要你努力付出，有着积极的信念，任何事都能够做到。