第一篇：MBA联考英语写作例题及
便条就是一种简单的书信，内容简短，大多是临时性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等等，一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不严格的特点。便条都不用邮寄。例一：请假条。写请假条时，如有医生出具的证明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack 亲爱的派克先生：
非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前来上课。现附上医生证明，医生担心我也许要几天后才能上课。希望我这次身不由己的缺勤不致给您带来很大的麻烦。
忠实于您的杰克
例二：留言条。可用于说明一件事、做一次活动安排以及询问等等，应直截了当。写留言条，日期部分写在右上角，一般只写星期几，或星期几上午、下午或具体钟点。Dear peter: I have done all my things here.i sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.this is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever, Jack 亲爱的彼特：
我在这里的事情已经全部办好。这次麻烦你了，我万分感激。我定于今天下午两点乘火车返家，特来辞行，并请代向你的妻子问好。
挚友
杰克
The bar chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes havetaken place in terms of the situation of part-time jobs in a certain university.Although the participation percentage of part-time jobs from university thefirst year to the third year almost remain stable, we can see that percentageof university the fourth year has been on a sharp rise。
In the freshman year, based upon the data of the chart, the participationpercentage of part-time jobs is nearly 67.77%;the second year, 71.13%;thethird year, 71.93%.Surprisingly, the percentage rises dramatically to 88.24%in the senior year。
For my part, it’s of no difficulty for us tocome up with some possible factors to account for this trend.For example, dullnessand loneliness are common problems of seniors, therefore more seniors take partin part-time jobs.But the sources of this phenomenon go way deeper.It is theturbulent employment environment that shapes this trend.For hunting jobs andthen broadcasting their ambition, seniors try all means to gather workingexperience.I believe that finding reasons can be described as a bridge betweenproblems and solutions.(187words)(文都 徐可风)
网络综合a blessing or a curse?
As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe that it is a blessing, while others hold that it is a curse to society.Let's look at the good points of TV.Firstly, it can bring people new information in time from every corner in the world.People can enjoy their favourite programs at home.For example, Discovery is the program I like most, not only because it is interesting, but also because it provides some knowledge I cannot get from books.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.A case in point is that some programs are full of violence and these programs unwittingly set terrible examples for audience.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.In my opinion, the attitude toward TV all depends on oneself.Mature persons are always capable to keep themselves away from its bad influence.But one thing is important： we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.● How to...题型
模板1
Along with the great economic development/the development of people's living standard in China and the high call for dealing with 主题 , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主题.But how to solve this problem?
As a matter of fact, there are many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is 方法1.Another way to solve the problem of 主题 is 方法2.Finally 方法3.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government/We should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.(119 words)
范文:
How to solve unemployment problem?
Along with the great economic development in China and the high call for dealing with unemployment problem , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by unemployment.But, how to solve this problem?
As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is to change people's traditional idea and encourage them to channel their own career.Another way to solve the problem of unemployment is to develop the tertiary industry.Finally we can find other ways to solve this problem.For example, increasing government investment.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.模板2
主题 is an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels: internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, 方法1.On the national level, government must see to it 方法2.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, 方法3.For instance, 例子.Second, 方法4.In a word, 主题 is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.(81 words)
范文:
How to fight against pollution?
Pollution, with the development of modern industry, is becoming an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels： internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, every country should realize the seriousness of pollution and put all our heads together to fight against it.On the national level, government must see to it that severe measures should be carried out.These measures could help to reduce pollution and protect our environment.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, I think we should make changes to our life styles.For instance, we can try and use public transport or bicycles as much as possible.Second, we can protest against any bad actions.In a word, pollution is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.模板3
主题 is the foundation of our future development.If 主题 become poor/sick/worse, it is impossible for us to attain our goal.On the other hand, if 主题 become strong/good, we can achieve our dreams.How can we have good 主题 ? First, we should 方法1.Second, we should 方法2 , such as 例子.Third, there is a proverb that says, “ 谚语.” If we pay attention to 主题 , we can avoid 缺点1 or at least 缺点2.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than 主题.In good 主题 , we can get more development.In good 主题 , we can lead a happy life.(90 words)
范文:
How to improve our health?
It is known to us all that health is the foundation of our future success.If our health become poor, it is impossible for us to attain our goals.On the other hand, if our health becomes good, we can finally achieve our dreams.How can we have good health ? There are some advices for you as follows.First, we should keep on doing exercise every day.Second, we should form some good habits , such as early rising, taking exercise regularly.Third, there is a proverb that says, “Prevention is better than cure.” If we pay enough attention to our health , we can avoid getting sick or at least cure ourselves of a disease while it is still at an early stage.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health.In good health , we can get more development in our career.Only being in good health , we can lead a happy life.模板4
Today the problem of 主题 has become more and more serious.现象1,2,3.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect 主题.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.(88 words)
范文：
How to protect environment?
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.What we will leave to our offspring might be a desperate future.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Although we have already achieved some success, we still have a long way to go.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.模板5
When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that 主题 is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by 主题.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for 方法1.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for 原因.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective ways to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must 方法2.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?(97 words)
范文：
How to solve the energy problem?
When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that energy crisis is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by energy crisis.Although many people have realized this and some concerned experts have taken many measures, the crisis is still threatening.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of natural resources.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present habitual waste of energy is very serious.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective way to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the limited supplies.No mountain can never be conquered and no problem can never be solved.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?
第二篇：MBA英语写作
深圳华章倾情为您量身订做
深圳模串写作模板
————————顾越
小作文常用模板
信函
1． 邀请函
Dear_____,I am writing this letter to invite you to ______________________.I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in____________.Please accept my invitation and let me know at your convenience as soon as possible.I would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.Yours Sincerely
_________
2． 申请函
模板：
Dear_____,I am writing this letter to try to apply for ______________________.I think it would be a great honor for me if you can grant this opportunity for me.I know that I have given you enough trouble and please ignore my request if it is too difficult.)I will be really appreciated if you can give me this chance.I would be looking forward to your reply with great pleasure.Yours Sincerely
_________
3.投诉信
模板
Dear_____,I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.(I am writing this letter in purpose of making a complaint about______________.)The reason for my dissatisfaction is _________________.I will be really appreciated if you can do something to change this situation.I would be looking forward to your reply and thank you for your consideration.福田地址：福田区深南中路2002号中核大厦528室电话： ***6
南山地址：南山区科技园南区科苑南路武汉大学产学研大楼A204室1电话： ***6
Yours Sincerely
_________
4． 感谢信
模板：
Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my heartfelt gratitude for ______________.It is really kind of you that _________________.Words are beyond me to express my thanks to your kindness.Thank you again.Yours Sincerely
_________
5． 道歉信
模板
Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my apology that ______________.I feel terribly sorry about this.Once again, I am very sorry for any inconvenience caused.I will be really appreciated if you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely
_________
6． 祝贺信
Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my congratulations that ______________.You may not imagine how excited I was when I got the news.I am just as proud as you are and send my hearty congratulations.Please accept my warmest congratulations.I wish you a great success and fulfillment in the year ahead.Yours Sincerely
_________
7． 建议信
Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of providing some conductive suggestions.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions._______________________
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with your to further details.Yours Sincerely
_________
大作文常用模板
议论文
(一)问题解决型：
模板一
Along with the rapid development of Chinese economy and improvement of Chinese people’s living standard, more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem of _____主题_____.So it is of greatThere are several factors which might cause this problem.原因一，二，三.(First of all, besides, at last)
As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that task demands great efforts.Every one should make a special effort to avoid the bad effect.The government ought to spare no efforts to set up some policies and laws to achieve the goal.As long as we combine our efforts together, there is greater possibilities that we can manage to solve the problems.(185words)
模板二
The market economy has brought China both benefits and headaches, one of which is the problem of _____主题__________.There is no denying that serious social problems will arise unless this problem is properly solved.As a result, it is essential for us to explore ways to cope with it.The cause which might lead to this problem could be illustrated as follows.First of all, 原因一.What’s
Serious as the problem seems, we can find some solutions to it.To begin with, 方法一.In addition, 方法
二.It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.Following these methods may not guarantee the success, but the payoff will be worth the effort.(143words)
（二）积极有利型：
As the society becomes more and more advanced and complicatedimportant role in the life of individual members of the society and in the development of the society itself.It is universally acknowledged that(主题)arouse more public attentions.There can be no doubt that the significance of(主题)can be clearly seen in the following aspects: 有利处一，二，三(initially, what’s more, the last but not the least)
From what has been clearly discussed above, I can definitely come to the conclusion that(主题)is something that we cannot develop without, especially in hi-tech and information age, because it can not only improve our life but also change our life.It can be said without exaggeration that bring China historic and realistic significance.It is , therefore, high time that we took action to get full use of(173words)
（三）利弊分析型：
模板一
Nowadays，It is universally acknowledged that()plays a more and more important role in not only the improvement of the living standard of people but also in the development of the society.However，when it comes to(), the opinions concerning it vary from individual to individual.Some people are in favor of(题)，while others are against such choice.Those who are in favor of()believe that it has following advantages: 优点一，二，三，（To begin with, in addition, lastly）
Like everything else, we are all aware that has both favorable and unfavorable aspects.But I believe that the positive aspects carry more weight than the negative ones.There must be some measures taken to hold back the disadvantages.Therefore ,if we make all our efforts to avoid the disadvantages and make full use of the advantage, surely, we will benefit from（主题）(199 words)
模板二
When it comes to _____主题______, different people have different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that _____主题_______ will bring us a lot of opportunities, while others argue that it will imply many challenges to us as well.There is probably some truth in both statements.To some people, the opportunities can be seen from the following aspects.First of all, _____优点一__________.What’s more, _______优点二_______ And most important of all,_优点三______________.However, just as everything has two sides, it undoubtedly brings about some challenges along with opportunities.To begin with, _______缺点一____________In addition, ______缺点二____________.Based on what has been discussed above, I may reasonably conclude that __主题_____ is like a double-edged sword, which presents us challenges as well as opportunities.Therefore, we should try our efforts to make full use of the opportunities of ______主题_____, and at the same time strive to make ourselves well prepared in every aspect to meet the challenges.(153 words)
(四)A or B型
第一段：
Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over 主题一and 主题二.When asked about which is more important , different people often offer different answers，it is inevitable to make choices between them.An overwhelming majority of people would like to give first priority to 主题一，while other people hold different ideas.第二段：
As a matter of fact, 主题一优点，主题一缺点
On the other hand, 主题二优点，缺点。
第三段：
From what illustrated above, It is not difficult to find out that(你认为重要的主题)carry more weight than（另一主题），because 继续说优点.Which one is more beneficial, A or B? The answer will not be exactly the same.It depends on people’s own preference.Everyone should make a suitable choice according to his own idea.图表作文模板：
As can be clearly seen from this graph, great changes have taken place in the number of _____________.__________has been increased/decreased from________in _______to ______in ________.From the changes in the graph, it goes without saying that_____________.When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give different explanations.Here I shall just give a few.图画作文模板：
As can be clearly seen from this cartoon, a thought-provoking phenomenon is depicted in a vivid manner.What we see in this picture is that______________________.In fact, it goes with saying that we should attach more importance to it.
第三篇：MBA联考英语作文
投诉信
日期 Dear sir,(第一段)I am sorry to inform you that I am unhappy about__________________，so I regret to have to complain _____________（提出投诉，表示遗憾）(第二段)There are ________________(问题1)，______________(造成的影响)；___________________(问题2)，_________________(造成的影响)；（该段主要用于陈述不满的原因）。（第三段）
I would appreciate it very much if your company could look into the matter and arrange for a replacement of the faulty goods promptly.So I propose that you___________________________________________, I am looking forward to your earliest reply.（该段主要提出补救的建议）
Sincerely yours XXX
常见词和关键词：late delivery，cause，fulfill order，on checking the goods receive(当验货时)，I found that, since the late delivery has caused dissatisfaction among our customers, I considering, discount, I suggest that, I propose that, recently, refuse, as you known, after-sales service, breakdown, immediate, shipment, delay，道歉信
日期 Dear sir，（第一段）
Thank you for your letter of ______（时间）.I am very sorry to hear about your problems with my faulty.I had no idea that you were in any way dissatisfied.(感谢对方告知实情，并表示道歉)（第二段）
If you had let me know earlier, I could have investigated this immediately.Please allow
me
to
explain
what happened.__________________________________(解释原因)； ————————————（提出解决方案）；if you experience any difficulties, please call me or fax me at once and I will take immediate action.（该段用于解释原因并提出解决方案）（第三段）
Please let me apologize to express how sorry I am.I will make efforts to prevent a recurrence.(我们将尽力防止此事再次发生)
Sincerely yours XXX
常见词和关键词：excellent,apologize
感谢信
日期 Dear Sir,（第一段）
I am writing this letter to express my gratitude for your warm reception while I ______________________。（告之感谢对方什么）（第二段）
Your sincerity was most impressive.Without your help, things would not have gone so smoothly.___________;_____________;______________(l列举对方如何帮助我们)。It is hard to imagine what my life have been like without your care and help.（恭维对方，描述如何帮助我们）（第三段）
I am anticipating further cooperation.In return for your hospitality, I would like to invite you to ____________（邀请来做什么），I am looking forward to seeing you again at that time.（对未来关系展望）
Sincerely yours XXX
常见词和关键词：hospitality，warm reception,heartfelt thanks,colleagues
邀请函
日期 Dear XXX，（第一段）
I am delighted to invite you and your delegation of 10 people to pay a working visit to china for a week in September or October 2011.the propose of visit is_____________________(邀请来做什么事情)；（第二段）
I highly appreciate our undergoing the discussion on_____________(在什么地方的讨论)，and expect a have fruitful meeting with you in China.By the way, your group’s board,lodging and all other expenses will be coverd by us.Should you have some questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Very truly yours XXX
图表作文
（第一段）
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________（图表主题）。The first thing we notice is that_____________（图表最大特点）/the changes in the number of _____over the period from______to_____.This means that as ___________________（进一步描述）。(该段描述图表的性质，简单阐述其特点)
（第二段）
As can see from the above chart, _____________（图表细节一）。After ving_________（细节一的变化），the ____________（紧跟着的变化）。The figures also tells us that___________________图表细节二）。In the secondary，we can see that ______________accounts for _________（进一步描述）。
A number of factors may have contributed to this situation.Above all,________________（原因1）,second,_________________(原因2),A major reason is that_________________________（原因3）。（该段对图表的数据进行说明，并阐述原因）
（第三段）
Judging from this chart，we can draw the conclusion that___________（结论）。It is high time that we ______________（发出倡议）。/there is every reason to believe that the trend will continue in the foreseeable future.总结 关键词汇：
increase,decrease,fell,decline,sharply,dramatically,significantly,rapidly,steadily,slightly,remained unchanged, rise gradually, peaked at, low level, reached the peak, three-fold increase, A increase gradually while B decrease, A and B are closely related, table，对比观点型
（第一段）
In recent years, there has been a heated debate over the relative importance of _________versus_______.Whereas some people hold that __________is more important than _________, others argue that the reverse is true.(对全文进行概述)（第二段）
Those who take the first view assume that ___________(对观点进行介绍),in contrast, the second opinion is based on the assumption that_________________(对观点进行介绍).（第三段）
As for me, I advocate the first view point.The reasons are as follows: Firstly, _____________________________________________________ Secondly, ___________________________________________________ Finally, _________________________(阐述自己选择的观点的理由)In my opinion, it does not make sense to generalize about which is more important, ___________ or ____________.Their relative importance depends on specific contexts.So the debate is essentially a chicken-and egg problem.关键词：nowadays, for example，问题解决型
（第一段）
In recent years, there has been a lot of debate over____________（问题）/ scandal was disclosed, people and government and international communities were shocked.It is reported that________________(写一个报道内容)，this situation calls for close attention from the general public.(该段对问题进行描述)（第二段）
A number of factors have contributed to the emergence of this problem.Firstly, _________________________________________________ Secondly, ________________________________________________ Thirdly, ________________________________________________ Another factors worth mentioning is that_____________________(该段要写问题产生的原因或者影响)（第三段）
To solve the problem, several measures can be taken.Premerily, ____________________________________________ Secondly,_________________________________________ The most significant measure is___________________________(该段要写解决问题的方法)关键词汇：positive effect , negative effect, to reduce the negative effect, A large number of ,the situation is associated with several factors, incident，accident, is likely to harm the reputation of , address, issue, It is necessary to, domestic-brand, distributor, fundamental，对立观点型
（第一段）
Across the world throughout history, it often happens that different people perceive the same objective thing differently.For example, two typical points of view have been expressed concerning_____________________(引出文章讨论的对象)(第二段)Some people think that ________________, they cite the following as major reasons: firstly, ______________,secondly,__________________.（介绍第一种观点，并解释原因）(第三段)Others argue that _________________.they base this argument mainly on The following grounds: first, _______________.second,_____________.（介绍第二种观点，并解释原因）
For my point, I advocate the first viewpoint.My reasons are as follow: First,_______________.second,______________.third,____________.(发表自己的观点并说明原因)或者都不同意，自己提出新观点：
I do not agree with other of the view.In my opinion,_______________, The reason why_______________________________________ 关键词汇：disagreement, whereas, different people have different view, thereby，独立观点型
(第一段)In recent years, more and more people tend to______________________ /there has been a growing trend among___________________________ /with the development of economic globalization, more and more people___________________。This phenomenon is receiving more and more attention from the general public.(该段要求对事实进行描述)（第二段）
I think we should take a positive/negative attitude towards it.The reasons are as follows.First, _________________, second,_________________.Finally,_______________.(该段表明自己的观点，并说明原因)（第三段）
From the above analysis, we can see that _____________________.there is every reasons that this trend will continue and even grow stronger in the future, because_____________________./I firmly believe that_____________________(该段总结展望)关键词汇：
opportunity, personally, oppose, convinction, rethink, strategy, owing to, appeal, on the practical side, as well as, benefit from this sort of, not only…but also, obviously,
第四篇：2012年MBA联考写作考试大纲
中国MBA·MPA·MPAcc考前辅导第一品牌真正名师 真正第一 辉煌十年
华杰门户网：中国MBA论坛：华杰网校：2012年MBA联考写作考试大纲
一、考试性质
工商管理硕士生入学考试是全国统一的选拔性考试，在教育部授权的工商管理硕士生培养院校范围内进行联考。联考科目包括综合能力和英语。本考试大纲的制定力求反映工商管理硕士生专业学位的特点，科学、公平、准确且规范地测评考生的相关知识基础、基本素质和综合能力。综合能力考试的目的是测试考生的数学基础知识及运用能力、逻辑思维能力和汉语理解及书面表达能力。
二、评价目标
要求考生具有较强的文字材料理解能力和书面表达能力。
三、考核内容
写作题
写作题部分综合考查考生的分析、论证能力和文字表达能力。写作题分两种类型。
1.论证有效性分析
论证有效性分析题的题干为一段有缺陷的论证，要求考生对此做出分析与评论。分析与评论的内容由考生根据试题自己决定。
2.论说文
论说文的考试形式有三种：命题作文、基于文字材料的自由命题作文、案例分析。每次考试选择其中一种形式。要求考生在准确、全面地理解题意的基础上，写出思想健康、观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面整洁的文章，鼓励考生结合实际，发挥创造性。
四、考试形式和试卷结构
（一）考试时间
考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试，不允许使用计算器。
试卷分试题、答题卡和答题纸三部分，选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡上，非选择题的答案必须填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
（三）试卷满分及考查内容分数分配
本试卷满分为200分。其中数学（问题求解和条件充分性判断）75分，逻辑推理60分，写作65分。
（四）试卷题型比例
写作题2小题，论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分，共65分。深圳：咨询0755-83661619北京：咨询010-68400166bj.huajiemba.com
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第五篇：MBA联考论证有效性分析写作万能
2014管理类联考论证有效性分析写作指导
示例（大纲要求：要求学生对一段有缺陷的论证做出分析，分析内容由考生根据试题自定
分析下面的论证在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。题目自拟。600字左右。
（提示： 论证有效性分析评论型作文思考的一般要点是： 概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，该论证的论据是否支持结论，论据成立的条件是否充分等。作文要注意内容深度、逻辑结构和语言表达。）
在全球9家航空公司的140份订单，得到确认后世界最大的民用飞机制造商之一空中客车公司2005年10月6日宣布将在全球正式启动其全新的A350远程客机项目。中国、俄罗斯等国作为合作伙伴也被邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程。其中，中国将承担A350飞机5%的设计和制造工作。这意味着未来空中客车公司每销售100架A350飞机，就将有5架由中国制造。这表明中国经过多年艰苦的努力，民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际同行的认可；这也标志着中国已经可以在航空器设计与制造领域参与全球竞争并占有一席之地。由此看出在经济全球化的时代,参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。也是提高我国技术水平和产业国际竞争力的必由之路。参考例文
参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果吗？
中国被空中客车邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程，表明中国民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际认可；由此看出参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。该论证的论据不足以支持其论点，论证缺乏科学性，由此得出的结论是有失偏颇的。
首先，该论证存在混淆概念的缺陷，文中“制造工作”和“中国制造”，这是两个不同的概念，“制造工作”可能只是飞机制造工作中的部分工作，而“中国制造”可能意味着几乎大部分工作全部是在中国完成的。由此而得出的结论是没有科学依据的，是不可信的。
其次，该论证存在论据不充分的缺陷，文中“中国被空中客车邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程。表明中国民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际认可”。中国被邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程，并不能真正表明中国民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，缺乏足够的论据支持，所以得出的结论是令人难以信服的。
另外，该论证存在以偏概全的缺陷，文中“中国被空中客车邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程，由此看出在经济全球化的时代,参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。也是提高我国技术水平和产业国际竞争力的必由之路”。仅以一个邀请，就推断出参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果，也是提高我国技术水平和产业国际竞争力的必由之路的结论是牵强的，是不可信的。
综上所述，以上论证是没有说服力的，得出的结论是站不住脚的，还有待于进一步科学论证。
万能模板 __________(简单总结文中的逻辑推理关系)，上述计划（报告、文章、评论、建议等）的论据不足以支持其论点，论证缺乏科学性，由此而得出的结论（论证、报告、建议）是不可信的，是值得商榷的/需要进一步论证的。
首先，在概念使用方面，犯了“混淆概念”的错误（举例说明），/混淆使用了“概念1”和“概念2”，（举例说明）/前后概念使用不一致（偷换概念），前面使用的是“概念1”，后面使用的缺是“概念2”。这种概念混淆的问题，大大削减了上文推理的严谨性和有效性。
其次，该论证犯了“不当类比”的错误。文中未能将（故事/寓言）和（企业经营之道/启发）进行有效的类比。（故事/寓言）是 因为 原因1，企业/启发 是因为 原因2 二者的规律也许有某种共性，但也必然有本质的区别和界限，上述论证把故事/寓言，一般化为 企业/启发 应对不确定性的普遍性原则。似乎有些轻率地概括，因此，不具有客观的类比性。
另外，该论证犯了“以偏概全”的错误。上文中对 调查/个案例子 的叙述也很含糊。文中并没有提供 调查/个案 存在的可靠依据。就算 调查/个案 是真实的，读者并不知道该项调查/个案 是否具有典型性。那也无从谈起其具有“推而广之”的代表性。
最后，该论证犯了“论据不充分”的错误。文中论据A不是结论B的唯一条件。导致结论B的原因还可能有原因1，原因2等。上文中A 结论是基于 论据1或2，但是 论据1或2 是否是导致A结论 的唯一原因呢？显然可以导致A结论还可能存在影响因素1、影响因素2 等诸多的影响因素。那么，A 结论 是否能得到人们的认可,能否实现预期的效果，还有待考证。
综上所述，如果上述论证/分析/报告/文章/评论/建议能进一步提供相应的 数据/论据 和相关信息，排除原文的概念界定不清、论据不充分、逻辑推理不严密等论证缺陷就很有说服力了，但该文中并没有说明其他信息，所以该论证是不全面的/有缺陷的。(由于该论证存在上述种种问题。所以，该论证是难以令人信服的。)关于文章题目：
1、一份难以实现（不可信）的商业计划（调查报告、改革方案）
2、___________（文中的结论）难以实现（难以奏效、不可信）
3、___________（文中的结论）一定实现吗？/一定吗？
4、艺术题目：一座美丽的空中楼阁 写作步骤：
1、审题。至少阅读三遍，找错误，找出三到四个典型错误，写在草稿纸上。
2、列提纲。在草稿纸上按模板列出文章结构，打完整腹稿，检查语言表达，心里整理不清楚的句子写出来在草稿纸上修改。
3、誊写到答题卷上。不会写的字词用同义词或近义词代替。分析时多用”可能，或许，也许、未必、并不能、不一定、并不意味着、并不能说明“等模糊词。
4、检查。字数，标点符号，保持字迹工整、卷面整洁。
论证有效性分析，其实非常简单，就是找4个左右逻辑错误，套用万能写作模板，写八股文而言，但一定要按这样的模板套用，才能达到采分点！！大家把我们第一次给的材料多分析几个，试着找找逻辑错误，写3—5篇作文试试，用笔写字的能力和习惯也要锻炼，现在很少有人用笔写字了。适应考试！
分析思路（从哪几个方面找错误，挑逻辑错误）
1、文中出现举例的，首先考虑可能会有“以偏概全”的可能，列举的事例可能不具有代表性； 以一个或两个非随机抽取的、不具有代表性的例子推断总结出一个一般性的结论。比如：最近，对《华尔街周刊》的读者进行的调查中，80%的被调查都对资本收益税的增加表示强烈的不满。这项调查显示了全体选民将反对资本收益税的增加。
2、文中出现数字百分比的列举，要分析考虑分子和分母的变化，以及样本基数的变化中的错误推理；数字缪论，数字有变化比率但没有基数，仅从数字角度来说说明问题，忽略了事物的性质和事物的内部特征。
3、出现了一段时间后价格的变动，要考虑是否存在通货膨胀的可能性；几十年以后，依然不考虑价格变化。
4、出现寓言故事，可能存在“不当类比”的错误；文中出现两个地区，或者两个企业等两个现象，要考虑两个现象的成因、规模、所处的产品阶段等是否具有一致性和可对比性，不在同一个坐标进行对比。类比相似的两个人、物或事情，只是根据两个事物表面相似和事物的一些偶然属性，牵强附会地进行类比。其逻辑是：由于他们在某些方面（甚至是多方面）很相似，所以在别的方面也应该相似或相同。犯了机械类比的错误。简单拿机器和人，动物和人，动物和企业类比都不当。
5、要仔细分析文章是否存在前后的概念理解混淆现象，可能有“混淆概念”的错误；同一个概念，前面所指与后面所指不一致，比如前面说“新手”后面用“新作者”、“新小说作者”界定不明，混淆使用。
6、文章结论是否存在“自相矛盾”的推理；前面的要论证的是A，结论得出A的对立面。
7、影响文中的事件的是否还有其他影响因素，一因多果，一果多因。出现“一定、肯定、因此、所以”，考虑是否存在“想当然的绝对推理/论据不充分”的错误。
8、最后，即使文中作者的推理是正确的，最终的解决方法是否是唯一的解决方案，是否会产生负面和消极影响。提示
只需对材料的论证进行分析，找出其中的逻辑错误，不需要提供解决方案，不需要发表自己的观点。
练习
1、下文摘自某杂货店的一份商业报告：
“自从我们在杂货店增加了药品部后，本总销售额增加了两成。显然，顾客图的是一条龙购物的便利。因此在接下来的两三年内增加利润最稳妥的办法是，陆续增添服装部、汽车配件和维修部。以后还要继续增添新部门和服务品种，如食府、园艺部等。作为本地区惟一一家拥有全套服务的商店，我们会比本地其他商店拥有更强的竞争优势。”
2、下文摘录于某投资公司的一份商业计划:
“研究显示,一般人随着年龄的增长,用于运动的时间将逐渐减少,而用于看电视的时间将逐渐增多.在今后20年,城市人口中老年人的比例将有明显增长.因此本公司应当及时售出’达达运动鞋’公司的股份,并增加’全球电视’公司中的投资.”
3、下文摘编于某杂志的一篇文章：有人认为“对进口芯片也实行增值税退税政策”并不足虑，因为经济全球化时代，你中有我，我中有你，中国何必挥掷重金，重复搞设计呢？中国目前芯片制造企业80％以上是从外面接单来生产，龙身不也摆得挺好吗？
他们所举的案例是：在芯片业史上最悲壮的2001年，全球芯片销量锐减30％，中国也有8％的增长；另外，专业代工出身的TW同样造就了一代“双雄”———TW积体电路制造公司（台积电）与联华电子———成为全球芯片代工的霸主。
4、狮子与野驴一起外出打猎，狮子力气大，野驴跑得快。他们抓获了许多野兽。狮子把猎物分开，堆成三份，说道：“这第一份，该我拿，因为我是王。第二份也该是我的，把它算作我和你一起合作的报酬。至于第三份呢？如果你不准备逃走，也许会对你有大害。” 狮子不仅把所有的猎物占为己有，并且差点把野驴也吃掉了。公司经营也是一样。如果想要吞并比自己实力弱的公司而联合比自己实力雄厚的公司，最后的结果就只能是和这只野驴一样，不仅自己一无所获，而且会面临自己被消灭的危险。所以，企业最好的竞争战略不是和比自己强大的企业合作，而是应该和比自己弱的企业合作来一起对抗更强大的企业。
5、下文出于一本为热衷于创作的人撰写的指导。
新作者通常无法使著名的大型出版社相信他们的作品将畅销，因此他们必须首先找一家没有什么名气的小出版社出版他们的作品以便赢得一些销售记录。但《神话作家》杂志的编辑们为热衷创作的人带来了一则好消息：过去两年中，神话小说出版的数量大幅增长。此外，去年出版的神话小说中，几乎一半的作品出自于首次写小说的人之手。由于神话小说的市场正在扩大，所有的出版社都会想要增加它们出版神话小说的数量。因此，新手们应该创作神话小说，以增加他们在著名的大型出版社出版第一部小说的机会。
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