第一篇:乔治·马歇尔哈佛大学演讲
今天早上我被哈佛校方给予我的强大的声望、荣誉和巨大的赞扬深深感动并深表感谢。我受宠若惊,因为事实上,我真是非常担心,惟恐我的无能无法承担你们给予我的如此真诚的期望。在这些历史性的美好场合,这个美好的日子,并且这个非常精彩的时刻,这是对我这么一个位置的人来说非常印象深刻的事情。但是更认真来讲,我并不需要告诉你们,世界形势非常严重。那对所有明智的人来说都是非常明显的。我认为一个困难就是这个问题是如此复杂以至于传媒呈现在大众面前的情况使得那些大街上的人们很难对现今的形势作出一个清楚的评价。并且,这个国家的人民远离这些问题地区,并且他们也很难理解那些长期遭受苦难人们的窘境和和相应的后果,也很难理解他们政府因为这些后果与我们的努力在促进世界和平上的作用。
考虑到欧洲战后重建的需要,生命逝去的损失和众所可见的城市、工厂、矿山和铁路的破坏最被估算了下,但是这几个月事情很明显,即这些肉眼可见的破坏可能远远小于欧洲经济整个系统的裂痕。过去的10年情况是极端异常的。狂热的备战和更狂热的战争力量的维持使得国家经济所有方面断裂。机器失修或者完全过时。在军事独裁和毁灭性的纳粹统治下,实际上每一个可能的企业都卷进了德国的战争机器。因为资金的缺乏、民族主义的榨取或者单纯的破坏,长期的商业联系、私人机构、银行、保险公司和船务公司消失了。在很多国家,对本国货币的信心已经严重动摇。战争中欧洲商业结构已经完全坍塌。重建被严重滞后,因为这么个事实,即在战争敌意结束后的两年后,和德国与澳大利亚的和平协议没有被遵守。但是即使对这些困难问题给予更多的即使的措施,战后欧洲经济的重建很明显地需要一个更长的时间并且需要比已经预见到的更大的努力。
在这个问题中有一个步骤,既有趣也很重要。农民总是生产粮食来和城市居民交换以获得其他生活必须品。这种劳动分工是现代文明社会的基础。而今,它却是濒临崩溃。城市和城镇工业不能生产足够的产品来和生产粮食的农民交换。原材料和燃料供应不足。机器缺乏或者是已经废弃。农村的农民不能找到他们需要购买的物品。因此他出卖农产品获得的钱币不能使用,这对他来说就成了一个无利的交易。因此,他就会缩小种植粮食的面积而用来放牧。他种植更多的谷物来储存和为他和他的家庭提供一个充足的食物供给,而不管他在衣服和其他日常的城市生活物品上是多么缺少。同时,城市中的人们缺少粮食和燃料。因此,政府不得不用他们的外汇储备和存款从国外购买这些必需品。这个过程耗竭了急需用来重建的资金。于是一个非常严重的情况迅速发生,而这无益于世界。这种产品分工建立基础上的劳动分工的现代系统正在面临崩溃的危险。
事实的真相是这样的,欧洲今后三年到四年的对于国外食品和其他生活必需品的需要——主要是从美国——是如此巨大,以至于以她现今的能力是无法支付的而必须获得巨大的额外的帮助,否则她将面临经济、社会和政治的恶化这么种非常可怕的状况。
解决方法在于打破这个恶性循环并且重建欧洲人民对于他们自己国家的经济前景的信心,并相信欧洲是个整体。广袤土地上的生产者和农民必须能并愿意交换他们的产品来获取货币。
剔除世界范围来看的士气不振和因为所涉及人群的消极而可能的骚动不谈,美国经济的后果对大家来说应该很明显。很合逻辑地,美国应该做任何她能做的来帮助世界经济的恢复。若不如此,将不会有政治稳定和有保障的和平。我们的的政策不是针对任何国家或是教条,而是针对饥饿、贫穷、绝望和骚动。它的目标应该是世界范围内的经济复苏,以使得自由体制能存在的政治和社会条件得以出现。我坚信,这样的帮助必须不能建立在一个松散的基础上,就像很多危机产生那样。一个国家在未来可能给予的任何帮助必须提供一个治疗方法而不仅仅是减轻。任何将在这个复兴即或中提供帮助的政府,我可以保证,将从美国政府那里获得完全的合作。任何试图阻止其他复兴的政府将不可能从美国获得帮助。并且,政府、政党、或团体,只要他们试图延续人类的灾难来获得自己的政治或其他利益,将遭到美国的严重反对。
已经很明显,在美国政府能够进一步努力来改善这种情况和帮助欧洲世界开始它的复兴之路之前,欧洲国家之间必须达成一些合约,关于现状的需要及这些国家自身的参与,什么行动这个国家可能采取,并行动起来。任何国家单方制定计划以来让欧洲处于她的经济控制下都是不合适和无效的。这是欧洲的事情。这个主动权,我想,必须来自欧洲。这个国家的角色应该包括起草一个欧洲项目的友好的帮助和之后的这个项目的支持,只要这个项目对我们而言是可行的。这个项目必须是一个联合体,即使不是被所有欧洲国家赞同,必须被一些欧洲国家赞同。
在美国方面,任何成功行动的重要一点就是得到美国人民对于问题的理解和解救措施的理解。政治热情和歧视不会是其中一部分。有着如此远见,以及我们国家人民面对历史已经很清楚赋予我们国家伟大责任的意愿,我所描述的困难都能也将被克服。
我很抱歉任何一个我公开述说国际情况的场合,我都不得不因个案需要深入技术层面的讨论。但是在我看来,与其仅仅因为热情或者偏见或者一时的情感而产生互动,我们的人民获得一些实际复杂情况究竟如何的广泛了解是更有益的。正像我刚才正式所说的,我们原离那些问题的场景。仅仅远远地看、或听、或即使看照片是不够的,要抓住事情的所有真正的意义。当然整个未来的世界需要一个正确的判断。它取决于,我认为,很大程度上取决于美国人民的认识,关于什么是各种重要的因素?什么是人民的反应?什么是这些反应的原因?什么是苦难?什么是需要的?什么能最好来做?什么是必须做?非常谢谢!
第二篇:哈佛大学演讲
The Spider’s Bite
When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand.I ran to my mom for help—but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand on fire.After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and ignited the cotton.Heat quickly penetrated the cotton and began to roast my hand.The searing pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick prevented it.All I could do was watch my hand burn-one minute, then two minutes –until mom put out the fire.You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time pre-industrial.When I was born, my village had no cars, no telephones, no electricity, not even running water.And we certainly didn’t have access to modern medical resources.There was no doctor my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science behind my mom’s cure: heat deactivatesproteins, and a spider’s venom is simply a form of protein.It’s cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn’t it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard, I now know that better, less painful and less risky treatments existed.So I can’t help but ask myself, why I didn’t receive one at the time?
Fifteen years have passed since that incident.I am happy to report that my hand is fine.But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal distribution of scientific knowledge throughout the world.We have learned to edit the human genome and unlock many secrets of how cancer progresses.We can manipulate neuronal activity literally with the switch of a light.Each year brings more advances in biomedical research-exciting, transformative accomplishments.Yet, despite the knowledge we have amassed, we haven’t been so successful in deploying it to where it’s needed most.According to the World Bank, twelve percent of the world’s population lives on less than $2 a day.Malnutrition kills more than 3 million children annually.Three hundred million people are afflicted by malaria globally.All over the world, we constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and lack of resources impeding the flow of scientific information.Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often unavailable in these underdeveloped regions.And in far too many places, people are still essentially trying to cure a spider bite with fire.While studying at Harvard, I saw how scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways.The bird flu pandemic in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by demons.Our folk medicine didn’t even have half-measures to offer.What’s more, farmers didn’t know the difference between common cold and flu;they didn’t understand that the flu was much more lethal than the common cold.Most people were also unaware that the virus could transmit across different animal species.So when I realized that simple hygiene practices like separating different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist.But it was more than that: it was also a vital inflection point in my own ethical development, my own self-understanding as a member of the global community.Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire to change the world.Here on this Commencement Day, we are probably thinking of grand destinations and big adventures that await us.As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village.My experience here reminds me how important it is for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those who need it.Because by using the science we already have, we could probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take for granted every day.And that’s an impact every one of us can make!
But the question is, will we make the effort or not?
More than ever before, our society emphasizes science and innovation.But an equally important emphasis should be on distributing the knowledge we have to those whoneeded.Changing the world doesn’t mean that everyone has to find the next big thing.It can be as simple as becoming better communicators, and finding more creative ways to pass on the knowledge we have to people like my mom and the farmers in their local community.Our society also needs to recognize that the equal distribution of knowledge is a pivotal step of human development, and work to bring this into reality.And if we do that, then perhaps a teenager in rural China who is bitten by a spider will not have to burn his hand, but will know to seek a doctor instead.[I have just been to Buckingham Palace where Her Majesty the Queen has asked me to form a new government, and I accepted.[我刚去过白金汉宫,女王陛下要我组建新政府,我接受了。]
In David Cameron, I follow in the footsteps of a great, modern prime minister.Under David's leadership, the government stabilized the economy, reduced the budget deficit, and helped more people into work than ever before.[我沿戴维·卡梅伦的足迹前行,他是一位伟大、现代的首相。在卡梅伦的领导下,政府稳定了经济,降低了财政赤字,帮助比以往更多的人找到工作。]
But David's true legacy is not about the economy, but about social justice.From the introduction of same-sex marriage, to taking people on low wages out of income tax altogether.[但戴维真正的遗产并非搞经济,而是社会公正。他认可同性婚姻,让低收入人群彻底免交所得税。]
David Cameron has led a one nation government and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.Because not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party.And that word Unionist is very important to me.It means we believe in the Union.That precious, precious bond betweenEngland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[卡梅伦领导了一国政府,我将本着这种精神执政。不是所有人都清楚,我所在的党的全称是保守和统一党。统一一词对我而言至关重要。这表明我相信统一,这是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰之间十分珍贵的结合。]
But it means something else that is just as important.It means that we believe in a Union not just of the nations of the United Kingdom, but between all of our citizens.Every one of us, whoever we are and wherever we are from.[可它还意味着同样重要的东西,它意味着我们不仅相信联合王国的统一,还相信所有公民的统一,每个人,不论我们是谁,我们从哪里来。]
That means fighting against the burning injustice that if you are born poor, you will die on average nine years earlier than others.If you're black, you're treated more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you are white.[那意味着要反对迫切的不公正。如果你出身贫穷,就比其他人少活九年;如果你是黑人,相比于白人会受到司法体系更严厉的惩罚。]
If you're a white, working-class boy, you're less likely than anyone else in Britain to go to university.If you're at a state school, you're less likely to reach the top professions than if you were educated privately.[如果你是白人工人阶级的男孩,在英国上大学的机会最低。如果你上国立学校,相比接受私立教育的人获得顶尖工作的机会要少。]
If you are a woman, you will earn less than a man.If you suffer from mental health problems, there's not enough help to hand.If you're young, you'll find it harder than ever before to own your own home.[如果你是一个妇女,你赚的比男人少。如果你有精神疾病,会缺少帮助。如果你是年轻人,会比前人更难拥有自己的住房。]
But the mission to make Britain a country that works for everyone means more than just fighting these injustices.[可让英国成为为所有人服务这一使命不仅意味着应对这些不公。]
If you're from an ordinary working-class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realize.You have the job, but you don't always have the job security.[如果你来自普通工人阶级家庭,生活比政府里许多人知道的更艰难。你有工作,可往往并不稳定。] You have your own home, but you worry about paying the mortgage.You can just about manage, but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.[你有房子,可担心付不起月供。你还能凑合活,却担心生活费增加,没法把孩子送进好学校。]
If you're one of those families.If you're just managing.I want to address you directly.I know you're working around the clock, I know you're doing your best, and I know that sometimes, life can be a struggle.The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of a privileged few, but by yours.[如果你来自这些家庭,如果你也凑合活着,我想要直接和你说:我知道你起早贪黑,我知道你竭尽全力,我知道生活有时是一种挣扎。我领导的政府不会被一小撮特权群体的利益驱使,而会因你的利益而奔走。]
We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives.When we take the big calls, we'll think not of the powerful but you.When we pass new laws, we'll listen not to the mighty, but you.When it comes to taxes we'll prioritize not the wealthy, but you.When it comes to opportunity, we won't entrench the advantages of the fortunate few.[我们将尽一切所能让你更好掌控自己的生活。我们做重大决定时,我们想的不是那些有权之人,而是你们。我们通过新法时,我们不听那些有势之人,而是你们。当收税时,我们不会优先考虑那些有钱之人,而是你们。当提供机会时,我们不会只给予那些少数幸运之人。]
We will do everything we can to help anybody, whatever your background, to go as far as your talents will take you.[我们将尽一切所能帮助所有人,不论你背景如何,都让你能发挥所长。]
We are living through an important moment in our country's history.Following the referendum we face a time of great national change.And I know because we're Great Britain, we will rise to the challenge.[我们经历着国家历史上一个重要时刻。公投后我们面临着国家重大变革的时代。我知道因为我们是大不列颠,我们将迎接挑战。]
As we leave the European Union, we will forge a bold, new positive role for ourselves in the world.And we will make Britain a country that works not for a privileged few, but for every one of us.[我们离开了欧盟,我们会在世界上打造一个勇敢、积极的新角色。我们要让英国成为不为少数特权阶级服务的国家,一个为每个人服务的国家。] That will be the mission of the government I lead, and together, we will build a better Britain.[这是我领导政府的使命,我们一起努力,就会建成一个更美好的英国。]
第三篇:乔治布什2002年演讲
Radio Address by the President to the Nation(Text Only)The White House President George W.BushPrint this document
For Immediate Release Office of the Press Secretary September 21, 2002
Radio Address by the President to the Nation
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning.In the past week, U.S.officials in Pakistan took custody of five al Qaeda members, including a key strategist for the September the 11th attacks.And here in America, federal agents arrested six men suspected of having trained at al Qaeda terrorist camps in Afghanistan.These arrests remind us that we are engaged in a new kind of war, fought on many fronts, including the home front.The arrests also remind us that the enemy is still at large, threatening our safety and security.Defeating terrorism requires constant vigilance and preparation by our citizens and by our government.One way for the Congress to protect the American people is to pass legislation creating a new department of homeland security.This new department must have a single, overriding responsibility, to coordinate our homeland defense efforts, which are now scattered across the government.After less than a week of debate, the House of Representatives passed a good bill, a bill that gives me the flexibility to confront emerging threats quickly and effectively.Yet after three weeks of debate, the Senate has still not passed a bill I can sign.The legislation the Senate is debating is deeply
flawed.The Senate bill would force the new department to fight against terror threats with one hand tied behind its back.The department of homeland security must be able to move people and resources quickly, to respond to threats
immediately, without being forced to comply with a thick book of bureaucratic rules.Yet the current Senate approach keeps in place a cumbersome process that can take five months to hire a needed employee, and 18 months to fire someone who is not doing his job.In the war on terror, this is time we do not have.Even worse, the Senate bill would weaken my existing authority to prohibit collective bargaining when national security is at stake.Every President since
Jimmy Carter has had this very narrow authority throughout the government, and I need this authority in the war on terror.As Democrat Senator Zell Miller said, the daunting task of securing this country is almost incomprehensible.Let's not make it more difficult by tying this President's hands and the hands of every President who comes after him.In an effort to break the logjam in the Senate, Senator Miller and Republican Senator Phil Gramm have taken the lead in crafting a bipartisan alternative to the current flawed Senate bill.I commend them, and support their approach.Their proposal would provide the new secretary of homeland security much of the flexibility he needs to move people and resources to meet new threats.It will protect every employee of the new department against illegal discrimination, and build a culture in which federal employees know they are keeping their fellow citizens safe through their service to America.I ask you to call your senators and to urge them to vote for this bipartisan
alternative.Senators Miller and Gramm, along with Senator Fred Thompson, have made great progress in putting the national interest ahead of partisan interest.I'm confident that every Senator, Republican and Democrat, wants to do what is best for America.Creating a new department of homeland security will make America stronger and safer.It is time for the Senate to act.Thank you for listening.END
Return to this article at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/text/20020921.html
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第四篇:乔治六世圣诞节演讲
最后的演讲稿
《国王的演讲稿》
在这个庄严时刻
也许是我国历史上最生死攸关的时刻
我向每一位民众
不管你们身处何方
传递这样一个消息
对你们的心情 我感同身受
甚至希望能挨家挨户 向你们诉说
我们中大多数人将面临第二次战争
我们已多次寻求通过和平方式
解决国家间的争端
但一切都是徒劳
我们被迫卷入这场战争
我们必须接受这个挑战
如果希特勒大行其道
世界文明秩序将毁于一旦
这种信念褪去伪装之后
只是对强权的赤裸裸的追求
为了捍卫我们珍视的一切
我们必须接受这个挑战
为此崇高目标
我呼吁国内的民众
以及国外的民众以此为己任
我恳请大家保持冷静和坚定
在考验面前团结起来
考验是严峻的
我们还会面临一段艰难的日子
战争也不只局限于前线
只有心怀正义才能正确行事
我们在此虔诚向上帝祈祷
只要每个人坚定信念
在上帝的帮助下
我们必将胜利 in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us, we are at war.over and over again, we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies;but it has bee in vain.we have been forced into a conflict, for which we are called, with our allies to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.it is a principle which permits a state in the selfish pursuit of power to disregard its treaties and its solemn pledges, which sanctions the use of force or threat of force against the sovereignty and independence of other states.but far more than this, the peoples of the world would be kept in bondage of fear, and all hopes of settled peace and of security, of justice and liberty, among nations, would be ended.this is the ultimate issue which confronts us.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, and of the world order and peace, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm and united in this time of trial.战时演讲词(英文原文)in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us, we are at war.over and over again, we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies;but it has been in vain.we have been forced into a conflict, for which we are called, with our allies同盟 to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail盛行, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.香港乔治六世加冕纪念 it is a principle which permits a state in the selfish pursuit of power to disregard its treaties 条约协议谈判and its solemn严肃的 pledges保证、抵押, which sanctions 批准,制裁the use of force or threat of force against the sovereignty主权 and independence of other states.but far more than this, the peoples of the world would be kept in bondage奴役、束缚 of fear, and all hopes of settled peace and of security, of justice and liberty, among nations, would be ended.this is the ultimate issue which confronts us.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, and of the world order and peace, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm and united in this time of trial.战时演讲词(中文翻译)
在这个庄严的时刻,也许是我国历史上最生死攸关的时刻,我向每一位民众,不管你们身在何处,传递这样一个消息,对你们的心情,我感同身受,甚至希望能挨家挨户,向你们倾说,我们中大多数人将面临第二次战争,我们已多次寻求通过和平方式解决国家间的争端,但一切都是徒劳的,我们被迫卷入这场战争,我们必须接受这个挑战,如果希特勒大行其道,甚至文明秩序将毁于一旦,这种信念褪去伪装之后,只是对强权的赤裸裸的追求,为了捍卫我们珍视的一切,我们必须接受这个挑战,为此崇高目的,我呼吁国内的民众以及国外的民众以此为己任,我恳请大家保持冷静和坚定,在考验面前请团结起来,考验是严峻的,我们还会面临一段艰难的日子,战争也不只局限于前线,只有心怀正义才能正确行事,我们在此虔诚向上帝祈祷,只要每个人坚定信念,在上帝的帮助下,我们必将胜利!篇三:《国王的演讲》 乔治六世 战前演讲 in this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, i send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you, as if i were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.for the second time in the lives of most of us we are at war.over and over again we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies.but it has been in vain.we have been forced into a conflict.for we are called, to meet the challenge of a principle which, if it were to prevail, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world.such a principle, stripped of all disguise, is surely the mere primitive doctrine that might is right.for the sake of all that we ourselves hold dear, it is unthinkable that we should refuse to meet the challenge.it is to this high purpose that i now call my people at home and my peoples across the seas, who will make our cause their own.i ask them to stand calm and firm, and united in this time of trial.if one and all we keep resolutely faithful to it, then, with god’s help, we shall prevail.在这样严峻的时刻,可能是国家存亡的紧要关头,我向领土上的所有子民,不论是国内或是海外,传达这份消息,我和你们一样,百感交集,只希望我能挨家挨户亲自向你们诉说。
我们大部分人,都是第二次经历战争的洗礼。
不止一次,我们尝试过寻求和平之道,求同存异,化敌为友,然而徒劳无功。
我们被迫卷入了一场战争,我们所面临的,是一个
邪恶信念的挑战,如果敌方取胜,世界的文明秩序将毁于一旦。
这样的信念,剥去伪装的外衣,只是赤裸裸的权力追求。
为了捍卫我们所珍视的一切,我们必须接受这个挑战。
为此崇高目标,我呼吁国内的民众,海外的子民们,万众一心。
我希望你们能冷静坚定,在时间的历练中团结向前。
任务将会困难重重,前路可能乌云密布,战场将不再局限于前线阵地。只有心怀正义才能正确行事,在此我们虔诚的向上帝承诺。
只要每个人坚定信念,在上帝的帮助下,我们必将获胜。篇四:国王的演讲中乔治六世的口吃原因
国王的演讲中乔治六世的口吃有很多方面引起的: 童年早期创伤——影片有放到乔治说道自己小时候保姆偏爱他哥哥,在和父皇母后相处时被掐,使父母不爱和要哭的他相处。事后保姆还会故意不给东西吃,使得自己得胃病。而这些事父母在三年后才发现......这对乔治的伤害很大。
当然,这造成了乔治和父母的疏远。得不到父母满满地疼爱,也有一定的关系。被纠正左利手的经历„„这些无一不是造成乔治口吃的原因。
还有一个更重要的原因就是来自爱德华的压力。乔治六世在家中排行老二,可是他却是最勇敢的一个。他的哥哥却注定要成为国王,但是却爱上了一个有夫之妇,对于皇家来说这是羞耻的。在哥哥爱德华八世面前,他总是有没有办法像和logue讲话那么流利。
他也恨自己不能像正常人那样说话,他对自己也很生气,他没有办法去强制实施自己的愿望。因此,他变得易怒,还经常抽烟。
罗格医生的治疗方法:
首先,罗格是一个成功的医生,他很有经验。他要求医生和病人的平等关系,并且要求在自己的诊所进行医治,这对往后的治疗起了很大的作用。
罗格医生用了很多方式。有让国王嘴巴里含着东西练习说话,但是没有成功。之后让他在嘈杂的环境中读文章并录下来,也有用骂人的形式说。用音乐的形式唱出来......此外,还有:
发音疗法:就是要在每句话的开始轻柔地发音,改变口吃者首字发音经常很急很重的特点。说话的速度要降到很慢的程度,一开始时一分钟60-100字,而人们平时说话的速度要达到每分钟200字。
呼吸疗法:提倡腹式呼吸法。由于深呼吸能使肌肉获得适当的运动和协调,能松弛与缓和身体各部和颜面肌肉的紧张状态,逐渐消除伴随运动。深呼吸能影响人的情绪,能使激动的情感得以缓和以致平息。
突破疗法:将口吃患者组织在一起,或单独到人群密集的地方去演讲、唱歌,逐步克服说话的恐惧心理。
激将法:罗格会用一些语言来刺激国王,逼他说话反击。
安慰鼓励法:不断告诉国王他可以的,可以讲一口流利的话。
更重要的是帮助乔治解开心结。早年的不幸以及勇敢展示自己的能力等。篇五:《国王的演讲》赏析
回溯上个世纪三四十年代的英国历史,人们津津乐道的多是爱德华八世“不爱江山爱美人”的浪漫故事。为迎娶曾有婚史的辛普森夫人,爱德华八世不惜退位,仅执政325天。退位后,他成为温莎公爵,与辛普森夫人过起了闲云野鹤的生活。他的继任者,正是从小怯懦、口吃的弟弟艾伯特王子,也就是后来的乔治六世。国王乔治六世在加冕典礼上
电影《国王的演讲》取材于这段历史,故事主角就是乔治六世。由于拥有一个像爱德华王储这样优秀的哥哥,自小害羞、口吃的“伯蒂”(乔治六世的昵称)看起来并没有继承王位的可能。他和妻子伊丽莎白在远离公众的平静生活中逍遥度日,抚养两个女儿。随着老国王身体衰弱,日益增加的公共责任落到了伯蒂身上,也因此,他开始了与口吃的艰难抗争,并找到了“民间医生”莱纳尔·罗格,两人在治疗的过程中建立了终生友谊。
爱德华逊位后,伯蒂临危受命,成为乔治六世。两年后,二战爆发。在罗格医生的帮助下,乔治六世克服了口吃,通过广播发表了一篇鼓舞人心的圣诞节演讲,号召英国人反抗法西斯,成为二战中激励英国人斗志的重要因素。
所获奖项
《国王的演讲》是由汤姆·霍伯指导,科林·费斯担当主演的英国电影,整部电影以叙述故事的形式,讲述了英国女王伊丽莎白二世的父亲乔治六世国王的故事。本片于第35届多伦多电影节获得了最高荣誉观 众选择大奖。在2011年第83届奥斯卡提名名单上,《国王的演讲》获得12项提名,并最终拿到最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳男主角、最佳原创剧本四项大奖。科林·费斯凭借本片获得金球奖最佳戏剧片男主角。影片还获得金球奖、美国制片人公会、导演公会和影视演员公会奖等多项提名和奖项。1934年,伯蒂(之后的英王乔治六世)的口吃依旧,看着丈夫被无能的医生捉弄,妻子莫琳外出找到语言治疗师莱昂纳尔·罗格医生
【伊丽莎白王后第一次匿名登门造访罗格】 berties wife: hello.is anyone there? lionel: im just in the loo.hello mrs johnson, there you are.sorry i dont have receptionist.i like to keep things simple.poor and content is rich and rich enough.berties wife: for? lionel: shakespeare.how are you? berties wife: how do you do? lionel: ahh, traveling alone.now, this is slightly awkward.but im afraid youre late.berties wife: yes, im afraid i am.lionel: wheres mr johnson? berties wife: he doesnt know im here.lionel: thats not a very promising start.berties wife: no.my husband has seen everyone to no avail.hes given up hope.lionel: he hasnt seen me.berties wife: youre awfully sure of yourself.lionel: im sure of anyone who wants to be cured.berties wife: of course he wants to be cured.my husband is required to speak publicly.lionel: perhaps he should change jobs.berties wife: he cant.lionel: indentured servitude? berties wife: something of that nature.yes lionel: well we need to have your hubby pop by...tuesday would be good...he can give me his personal details and ill make a frank appraisal.and then we can take it from there lionel: sorry, mrs j, my game, my turf, my rules.youll have to talk over with your husband.and then you can speak to me on the telephone.thank you very much for dropping by.good afternoon.berties wife: and what if my husband were the duke of york? lionel: the duke of york? berties wife: yes the duke of york.lionel: i thought the appointment was for “johnson”? forgive me, your royal...? berties wife: highness.lionel: your royal highness.berties wife: johnson was used during the great war when the navy didnt want the enemy to know ?he was aboard.lionel: am i considered the enemy? berties wife: you will be if you remain un-obliging.youll appreciate the need for absolutely discretion.lionel: of course.how did you find me? your royal highness.berties wife: the president of the society for speech therapists.lionel: eileen mccleod? shes a sport.berties wife: she warned me your antipodean methods were unorthodox and controversial.i warned her...they were not my favorite words.lionel: i can cure your husband.but for my method to work, i need trust and total equality here in the safety of my consultation room.no exceptions.berties wife: well then, in that case...when can you start? 为丈夫治病。这天,她来到莱诺开的语言矫正诊所,想请莱诺帮助伯蒂摆脱口吃,但莱诺坚持要伯蒂来自己的诊所治疗。.1.poor and content is rich and rich enough: 人能安贫即是福 2.to no avail: 没有什么效果,不成功,也可以说成of little avail或者without avail。3.indentured servitude: 契约缠身的苦差事。indentured指的是“受契约束缚,必须为人干活的”,servitude则指“奴役(状况),任人差遣(的状况)”。4.my game, my turf, my rules: 用现在流行的话来说,就是“我的地盘我做主”。5.drop by: 顺便拜访。
例如:my friend mike stopped by and had dinner with us last night.(昨晚我的朋友迈克顺便来访并留下来吃了晚饭。
第五篇:哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲
哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲
朱棣文
尊敬的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位朋友,以及最重要的各位毕业生同学:
感谢你们,让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。
我不太肯定,自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是,英国亿万身家的小说家J.K.Rowling女士,她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔?盖茨先生,他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑天才。今年很遗憾,你们的演讲人是我,虽然我不是很有钱,但是至少我是一个书呆子。
我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位,这对我很重要,也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道,在学术上,我是我们家的异类。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士,在哈佛大学得到哲学博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候,我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是,我错了。消息公布的那天早上,我给她打电话,她听了只说:‚这是好消息,不过我想知道,你下次什么时候来看我?‛如今在我们兄弟当中,我最终也拿到了哈佛学位,我想这一次,她会感到满意。在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演说,还有一个难处,那就是你们中有些人可能有意见,不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我,因为两个理由。
首先,为了产生影响力,很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中,第一个发现者是重要的,但是在得到公认前,最后一个做出这个发现的人也许更重要。
其次,一个借鉴他人的作者,正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下:‚我最好的一些思想,都是从古人那里偷来的。‛画家毕加索宣称‚优秀的艺术家借鉴,伟大的艺术家偷窃。‛那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者,就不适用同样的标准呢?
我还要指出一点,向哈佛毕业生发表演说,对我来说是有讽刺意味的,因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请,一定会被拒绝。我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任,她向我保证,如果当年我申请斯坦福大学,她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目,她强烈反对我使用‚拒绝‛这个词,她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中,她总是写:‚我们无法提供你入学机会。‛我分不清两者到底有何差别。不过,那些大热门学校的招生主任总是很现实的,堪称‚拒绝他人的主任‛。很显然,我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。
毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构,我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章——轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少有价值,几乎注定被忘记,永远不会被实践。但是,就像王尔德说的:‚对于忠告,你所能做的,就是把它送给别人,因为它对你没有任何用处。‛所以,下面就是我的忠告。第一,取得成就的时候,不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友,要感谢那些启发过你的教授,尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授,因为他们迫使你自学。从整体看,自学能力是优秀的文科教育中必不可少的,将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学,感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈,这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然,你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点,校友会也会来提醒你。第二,在你们未来的人生中,做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中,都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中,不要把荣誉留给自己。成功合作的任何一方,都应获得全部荣誉的90%。
电影《Harvey》中,Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd,就完全理解这一点。他说:‚多年前,母亲曾经对我说,‘Elwood,活在这个世界上,你要么做一个聪明人,要么做一个好人。’‛我做聪明人,已经做了好多年了。……但是,我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。
我的第三个忠告是,当你开始生活的新阶段时,请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好,就去找,找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂,所以不能空手走过,你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄,是超级的一根筋,我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后,我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年,读完了研究生,做完了博士后,然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在这些年中,我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣,都来自物理学。
我还有最后一个忠告,就是说兴趣爱好固然重要,但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时,你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。物质生活和你实现的占有欲,都不会产生自豪。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事,才会让你产生自豪。
在贝尔实验室待了9年后,我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔,走进我眼中的‚真实世界‛——大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法,可以引用Mary Poppins的话,‚实际上十全十美‛。但是,我想离开那种仅仅是科学论文的生活。我要去教书,培育我自己在科学上的后代。
我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室,几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述: ‚在大学工作,最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃,充满热情,思想自由,还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到,但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中只有一段时间是思想自由和充满创造力,那么那段时间就是你在读大学。进校时,学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑,渐渐地,他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的,于是他们开始独立思考。从那时起,就是我开始向他们学习了。‛
我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事,都非常优秀。他们中有30多人,现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的,其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在,我偶尔还会周末上网,向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。
我怀着回报社会的想法,开始了教学生涯。我的一生中,得到的多于我付出的,所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现,以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令,到了做出改变的时候了。
过去几十年中,我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是现在才有的,过去60万年中就发生了6次冰河期。但是,现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在9月份的大小,只相当于50年前的一半。1870年起,人们开始测量海平面上升的速度,现在的速度是那时的5倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。科学第一次在人类历史上,预测出我们的行为对50~100年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是,从工业革命开始,人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了0.8摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放,气温仍然将比过去上升大约1度。因为在气温达到均衡前,海水温度的上升将持续几十年。
如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测,本世纪末将有50%的可能,气温至少上升5度。这听起来好像不多,但是让我来提醒你,上一次的冰河期,地球的气温也仅仅只下降了6度。那时,俄亥俄州和费城以下的大部分美国和加拿大的土地,都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球,将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快,包括人类在内的许多生物,都将很难适应。比如,有人告诉我,在更温暖的环境中,昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇,是不是就是前兆。
我们还面临另一个幽灵,那就是非线性的‚气候引爆点‛,这会带来许多严重得多的变化。‚气候引爆点‛的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成,其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化,微生物就将广泛繁殖,使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物,它们在生物学特性上的差异,我们都很熟悉。在冷库中,冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后,依然可以食用。但是,一旦解冻,食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层,将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来,可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生,局势就失控了。
气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源,冬天取暖,夏天制冷,夜间照明,长途旅行,环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础,我们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3%,但是我们消耗全世界25%的能源。与此形成对照,全世界还有16亿人没有电,数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活,但是他们都看在眼里,他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。
这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体,我们到底愿意付出多少,来缓和气候变化?这种变化在100年前,根本没人想到过。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作,为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界,但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体?能不能为未来的人们承担起责任?
虽然我忧心忡忡,但是还是对未来抱乐观态度,这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯?伯克利国家实验室主任,部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家,来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了4年半,是这个实验室78年的历史中,任期最短的主任,但是当我离任时,在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校,一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。
能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员,我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机,可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路,那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出信息,未来并非在劫难逃,而是乐观的,我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏,但是我们能够并且将会成功。
我们已经有了一些答案,可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果,而是已经成熟掉在地上了,就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比如,我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少80%,增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的40%,节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减少三分之一。
我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器,这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法,大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。
在未来的几十年中,我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命,美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰球选手Wayne Gretzky被问到,他如何在冰上跑位,回答说:‚我滑向球下一步的位置,而不是它现在的位置。‛美国也应该这样做。
奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源,打下新的基础。但是我们还有很多不知道的地方。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中,我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖,请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势,然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师,我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家,我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家,我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。
最后,你们是人道主义者,我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一,就是最受伤害的人,恰恰就是最无辜的人——那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。
这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。第一段引语来自马丁〃路德〃金。这是1967年他对越南战争结束的评论,但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。
‚我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心,抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂;我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读,信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是,这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。……我的朋友,眼前的事实就是,明天就是今天。此刻,我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中,有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。‛
第二段引语来自威廉〃福克纳。1950年12月10月,他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说,谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下,人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。
‚我相信人类不会仅仅存在,他还将胜利。人类是不朽的,这不是因为万物当中仅仅他拥有发言权,而是因为他有一个灵魂,一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。诗人、作家的责任就是书写这种精神。他们有权力升华人类的心灵,使人类回忆起过去曾经使他无比光荣的东西——勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯和牺牲。‛
各位同学,你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时,我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神,积极发声,在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。
最后,请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功,也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球,为了你们的孩子,以及未来所有的孩子。