TED演讲：1000个快乐的理由

第一篇：TED演讲：1000个快乐的理由

TED演讲：1000个快乐的理由

So the Awesome story: It begins about 40 years ago, when my mom and my dad came to Canada.My mom left Nairobi, Kenya.My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar, India.And they got here in the late 1960s.They settled in a shady suburb about an hour east of Toronto, and they settled into a new life.They saw their first dentist, they ate their first hamburger, and they had their first kids.My sister and I grew up here, and we had quiet, happy childhoods.We had close family, good friends, a quiet street.We grew up taking for granted a lot of the things that my parents couldn't take for granted when they grew up--things like power always on in our houses, things like schools across the street and hospitals down the road and popsicles in the backyard.We grew up, and we grew older.I went to high school.I graduated.I moved out of the house, I got a job, I found a girl, I settled down--and I realize it sounds like a bad sitcom or a Cat Stevens' song--

(Laughter)

but life was pretty good.Life was pretty good.2006 was a great year.Under clear blue skies in July in the wine region of Ontario, I got married, surrounded by 150 family and friends.2007 was a great year.I graduated from school, and I went on a road trip with two of my closest friends.Here's a picture of me and my friend, Chris, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.We actually saw seals out of our car window, and we pulled over to take a quick picture of them and then blocked them with our giant heads.(Laughter)So you can't actually see them, but it was breathtaking, believe me.(Laughter)2008 and 2009 were a little tougher.I know that they were tougher for a lot of people, not just me.First of all, the news was so heavy.It's still heavy now, and it was heavy before that, but when you flipped open a newspaper, when you turned on the TV, it was about ice caps melting, wars going on around the world, earthquakes, hurricanes and an economy that was wobbling on the brink of collapse, and then eventually did collapse, and so many of us losing our homes, or our jobs, or our retirements, or our livelihoods.2008, 2009 were heavy years for me for another reason, too.I was going through a lot of personal problems at the time.My marriage wasn't going well, and we just were growing further and further apart.One day my wife came home from work and summoned the courage, through a lot of tears, to have a very honest conversation.And she said, “I don't love you anymore,” and it was one of the most painful things I'd ever heard and certainly the most heartbreaking thing I'd ever heard, until only a month later, when I heard something even more heartbreaking.My friend Chris, who I just showed you a picture of, had been battling mental illness for some time.And for those of you whose lives have been touched by mental illness, you know how challenging it can be.I spoke to him on the phone at 10:30 p.m.on a Sunday night.We talked about the TV show we watched that evening.And Monday morning, I found out that he disappeared.Very sadly, he took his own life.And it was a really heavy time.And as these dark clouds were circling me, and I was finding it really, really difficult to think of anything good, I said to myself that I really needed a way to focus on the positive somehow.So I came home from work one night, and I logged onto the computer, and I started up a tiny website called 1000awesomethings.com.I was trying to remind myself of the simple, universal, little pleasures that we all love, but we just don't talk about enough--things like waiters and waitresses who bring you free refills without asking, being the first table to get called up to the dinner buffet at a wedding, wearing warm underwear from just out of the dryer, or when cashiers open up a new check-out lane at the grocery store and you get to be first in line--even if you were last at the other line, swoop right in there.(Laughter)And slowly over time, I started putting myself in a better mood.I mean, 50,000 blogs are started a day, and so my blog was just one of those 50,000.And nobody read it except for my mom.Although I should say that my traffic did skyrocket and go up by 100 percent when she forwarded it to my dad.(Laughter)And then I got excited when it started getting tens of hits, and then I started getting excited when it started getting dozens and then hundreds and then thousands and then millions.It started getting bigger and bigger and bigger.And then I got a phone call, and the voice at the other end of the line said, “You've just won the Best Blog In the World award.” I was like, that sounds totally fake.(Laughter)(Applause)Which African country do you want me to wire all my money to?(Laughter)But it turns out, I jumped on a plane, and I ended up walking a red carpet between Sarah Silverman and Jimmy Fallon and Martha Stewart.And I went onstage to accept a Webby award for Best Blog.And the surprise and just the amazement of that was only overshadowed by my return to Toronto, when, in my inbox, 10 literary agents were waiting for me to talk about putting this into a book.Flash-forward to the next year and “The Book of Awesome” has now been number one on the bestseller list for 20 straight weeks.(Applause)

But look, I said I wanted to do three things with you today.I said I wanted to tell you the Awesome story, I wanted to share with you the three As of Awesome, and I wanted to leave you with a closing thought.So let's talk about those three As.Over the last few years, I haven't had that much time to really think.But lately I have had the opportunity to take a step back and ask myself: “What is it over the last few years that helped me grow my website, but also grow myself?” And I've summarized those things, for me personally, as three As.They are Attitude, Awareness and Authenticity.I'd love to just talk about each one briefly.So Attitude: Look, we're all going to get lumps, and we're all going to get bumps.None of us can predict the future, but we do know one thing about it and that's that it ain't gonna go according to plan.We will all have high highs and big days and proud moments of smiles on graduation stages, father-daughter dances at weddings and healthy babies screeching in the delivery room, but between those high highs, we may also have some lumps and some bumps too.It's sad, and it's not pleasant to talk about, but your husband might leave you, your girlfriend could cheat, your headaches might be more serious than you thought, or your dog could get hit by a car on the street.It's not a happy thought, but your kids could get mixed up in gangs or bad scenes.Your mom could get cancer, your dad could get mean.And there are times in life when you will be tossed in the well, too, with twists in your stomach and with holes in your heart, and when that bad news washes over you, and when that pain sponges and soaks in, I just really hope you feel like you've always got two choices.One, you can swirl and twirl and gloom and doom forever, or two, you can grieve and then face the future with newly sober eyes.Having a great attitude is about choosing option number two, and choosing, no matter how difficult it is, no matter what pain hits you, choosing to move forward and move on and take baby steps into the future.The second “A” is Awareness.I love hanging out with three year-olds.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.I love the way that they can stare at a bug crossing the sidewalk.I love the way that they'll stare slack-jawed at their first baseball game with wide eyes and a mitt on their hand, soaking in the crack of the bat and the crunch of the peanuts and the smell of the hotdogs.I love the way that they'll spend hours picking dandelions in the backyard and putting them into a nice centerpiece for Thanksgiving dinner.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.Having a sense of awareness is just about embracing your inner three year-old.Because you all used to be three years old.That three-year-old boy is still part of you.That three-year-old girl is still part of you.They're in there.And being aware is just about remembering that you saw everything you've seen for the first time once, too.So there was a time when it was your first time ever hitting a string of green lights on the way home from work.There was the first time you walked by the open door of a bakery and smelt the bakery air, or the first time you pulled a 20-dollar bill out of your old jacket pocket and said, “Found money.”

The last “A” is Authenticity.And for this one, I want to tell you a quick story.Let's go all the way back to 1932 when, on a peanut farm in Georgia, a little baby boy named Roosevelt Grier was born.Roosevelt Grier, or Rosey Grier, as people used to call him, grew up and grew into a 300-pound, six-foot-five linebacker in the NFL.He's number 76 in the picture.Here he is pictured with the “fearsome foursome.” These were four guys on the L.A.Rams in the 1960s you did not want to go up against.They were tough football players doing what they love, which was crushing skulls and separating shoulders on the football field.But Rosey Grier also had another passion.In his deeply authentic self, he also loved needlepoint.(Laughter)He loved knitting.He said that it calmed him down, it relaxed him, it took away his fear of flying and helped him meet chicks.That's what he said.I mean, he loved it so much that, after he retired from the NFL, he started joining clubs.And he even put out a book called “Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men.”(Laughter)(Applause)It's a great cover.If you notice, he's actually needlepointing his own face.(Laughter)

And so what I love about this story is that Rosey Grier is just such an authentic person, and that's what authenticity is all about.It's just about being you and being cool with that.And I think when you're authentic, you end up following your heart, and you put yourself in places and situations and in conversations that you love and that you enjoy.You meet people that you like talking to.You go places you've dreamt about.And you end you end up following your heart and feeling very fulfilled.So those are the three A's.For the closing thought, I want to take you all the way back to my parents coming to Canada.I don't know what it would feel like coming to a new country when you're in your mid-20s.I don't know, because I never did it, but I would imagine that it would take a great attitude.I would imagine that you'd have to be pretty aware of your surroundings and appreciating the small wonders that you're starting to see in your new world.And I think you'd have to be really authentic, you'd have to be really true to yourself in order to get through what you're being exposed to.I'd like to pause my TEDTalk for about 10 seconds right now, because you don't get many opportunities in life to do something like this, and my parents are sitting in the front row.So I wanted to ask them to, if they don't mind, stand up.And I just wanted to say thank you to you guys.(Applause)When I was growing up, my dad used to love telling the story of his first day in Canada.And it's a great story, because what happened was he got off the plane at the Toronto airport, and he was welcomed by a non-profit group, which I'm sure someone in this room runs.(Laughter)And this non-profit group had a big welcoming lunch for all the new immigrants to Canada.And my dad says he got off the plane and he went to this lunch and there was this huge spread.There was bread, there was those little, mini dill pickles, there was olives, those little white onions.There was rolled up turkey cold cuts, rolled up ham cold cuts, rolled up roast beef cold cuts and little cubes of cheese.There was tuna salad sandwiches and egg salad sandwiches and salmon salad sandwiches.There was lasagna, there was casseroles, there was brownies, there was butter tarts, and there was pies, lots and lots of pies.And when my dad tells the story, he says, “The craziest thing was, I'd never seen any of that before, except bread.(Laughter)I didn't know what was meat, what was vegetarian.I was eating olives with pie.(Laughter)I just couldn't believe how many things you can get here.”

(Laughter)

When I was five years old, my dad used to take me grocery shopping, and he would stare in wonder at the little stickers that are on the fruits and vegetables.He would say, “Look, can you believe they have a mango here from Mexico? They've got an apple here from South Africa.Can you believe they've got a date from Morocco?” He's like, “Do you know where Morocco even is?” And I'd say, “I'm five.I don't even know where I am.Is this A&P?” And he'd say, “I don't know where Morocco is either, but let's find out.” And so we'd buy the date, and we'd go home.And we'd actually take an atlas off the shelf, and we'd flip through until we found this mysterious country.And when we did, my dad would say, “Can you believe someone climbed a tree over there, picked this thing off it, put it in a truck, drove it all the way to the docks and then sailed it all the way across the Atlantic Ocean and then put it in another truck and drove that all the way to a tiny grocery store just outside our house, so they could sell it to us for 25 cents?” And I'd say, “I don't believe that.” And he's like, “I don't believe it either.Things are amazing.There's just so many things to be happy about.” When I stop to think about it, he's absolutely right.There are so many things to be happy about.We are the only species on the only life-giving rock in the entire universe that we've ever seen, capable of experiencing so many of these things.I mean, we're the only ones with architecture and agriculture.We're the only ones with jewelry and democracy.We've got airplanes, highway lanes, interior design and horoscope signs.We've got fashion magazines, house party scenes.You can watch a horror movie with monsters.You can go to a concert and hear guitars jamming.We've got books, buffets and radio waves, wedding brides and rollercoaster rides.You can sleep in clean sheets.You can go to the movies and get good seats.You can smell bakery air, walk around with rain hair, pop bubble wrap or take an illegal nap.We've got all that, but we've only got 100 years to enjoy it.And that's the sad part.The cashiers at your grocery store, the foreman at your plant, the guy tailgating you home on the highway, the telemarketer calling you during dinner, every teacher you've ever had, everyone that's ever woken up beside you, every politician in every country, every actor in every movie, every single person in your family, everyone you love, everyone in this room and you will be dead in a hundred years.Life is so great that we only get such a short time to experience and enjoy all those tiny little moments that make it so sweet.And that moment is right now, and those moments are counting down, and those moments are always, always, always fleeting.You will never be as young as you are right now.And that's why I believe that if you live your life with a great attitude, choosing to move forward and move on whenever life deals you a blow, living with a sense of awareness of the world around you, embracing your inner three year-old and seeing the tiny joys that make life so sweet and being authentic to yourself, being you and being cool with that, letting your heart lead you and putting yourself in experiences that satisfy you, then I think you'll live a life that is rich and is satisfying, and I think you'll live a life that is truly awesome.Thank you.

第二篇：TED演讲观后感—为什么快乐

TED—Why We Are Happy 观后感

情绪有多种多样，如果非要形容，一天结束我们总可以在快乐和不快乐间做出选择。很多人都自然的把自己的情绪归结于所经历的事，所处的外部环境，几乎没人会想起我们自己才是情绪的制造者。

Doctor发现——Happiness can be synthesized。很多人都认为natural happiness和synthesized happiness中明显后者是次等品，因为前者是我们得到了自己本来就很渴望的事物，而后者是带着笑容面具接受并不使自己十分满意的事物。表面上看，或许natural happiness更胜一筹，但研究表明，synthesized happiness往往更加持久有效。

当大家产生合成快乐的时候，他们是真正的、从心中改变接受了对于这些事物的看法，同时自身审美也在原来基础上发生了变化，只是大家没有意识到合成的快乐在什么时候对自身产生了效果。举个贴近大家的例子，爸爸去哪儿是最近热播的综艺，里面一个重要的环节就是选房子，房子本身的美丑好坏显而易见，前几期宝贝们总会因为选到坏房子而沮丧、苦恼、不平衡，但是经过大人们的引导，他们会渐渐发现其中拥有的“美丽”风景，可能这些本身都只是为了安慰他们的方式，但最后孩子们就会真的会去接受并喜欢上这些房子，甚至到最后几期，他们会明显的取选择这些差房子。天真的宝贝们是不会去考虑节目效果或者观众口评的，他们选择因为他们喜欢。所以说，很多时候美由心生。如果你总是发现身边有太多的不满意，不妨先抹去眼前的尘埃，怀着快乐的心情去看看周围的风景。

Adam Smith（现代资本主义之父）曾说——人生中的悲剧与无序之源，似乎都来自于人们过高地评估某种时局，诚然，某些时局趋势高于人们的追求，但是，不管这种追求有多大的合理性，我们都不可能因为这种痴情的追求而打破谨慎公正的法则，亦或我们未来的心（The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life seems to arise from overrating the difference between one permanent situation and another.Some of these situations may，no doubt，deserve to be preferred to others，but none of them can deserve to be pursued with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules either of prudence or of justice，or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds）。生活中去是存在某些事物比某些事物更有价值，我们也确实应该追求价值更高的事物，但如果我们过分地看重这两种事物之间的区别而过分地追逐我们想要的东西的时候，很可能会因为忽略初心而变得盲目，甚至是牺牲真正有价值的东西而被畏惧所控制，从而变得谨小慎微、患得患失，当这种畏惧积累膨胀时，我们就能会变得或者鲁莽大意，或者单小如鼠。当我们不是无节制的追求，我们反而可以生活得很快乐，我们可以通过选择，或者自己产生出自己不断追求的目标。

第三篇：TED演讲

绿色未来（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。从本周开始，我们将开展“TED演讲主题介绍”系列，陆续为大家介绍TED演讲的各类主题，方便大家更快地找到自己喜欢的TED演讲。众所周知，TED刚刚创办时的焦点是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娱乐）和Design（设计）三方面。但随着TED的成长和知名度的增加，TED演讲所涵盖的行业也越来越广泛。为了确保读者们不会在大量的演讲中迷失了方向，TED网站贴心地将所有的演讲分门别类，归纳到不同的主题中，既方便读者们针对自己感兴趣的内容有选择地观看演讲，也便于大家观看和某一演讲相关的其他内容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地将已翻译好的主题简介带给大家，并为大家推荐相关主题下的已翻译演讲、待翻译演讲和待校对演讲。

本周为大家介绍的主题是–A Greener Future? 绿色未来

该主题在TED的网址是:

在TEDtoChina的网址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主题简介

关于环境的辩论通常被定性为经济发展和保护地球这两种势力间的较量。然而，大多数TED演讲者坚持鱼和熊掌可以兼得的观点——只要我们在处理环境问题时足够聪明。

阿尔·戈尔作为宣传气候危机的领军人，坚持人类可以通过细微处的改进以在避免灾难的同时保持经济的活跃发展。建筑师威廉·麦克多纳向人们展现了伟大设计的力量，它作用在整个文明体系上，而不仅仅是针对局部领域，并能持久地担负起丰富的未来。马约拉·卡特谈及了她为曾陷入腐化的的纽约南布隆克斯区带来绿色生机的工程。

爱德华·伯汀斯基关于环境损害和经济发展的异常精致的摄影作品记录了人类发展从未停滞的脚步。而生物学家爱德华·奥斯伯·威尔森向我们分享了他最大的心愿——人类社会团结起来保护地球上的生命。

◎ 演讲者推荐

阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore)：美国政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年间在比尔·克林顿掌政时担任美国第四十五任副总统。其后升为一名国际上著名的环境学家，由

于在环球气候变化与环境问题上的贡献受到国际的肯定，因而与政府间气候变化专门委员会共同获得2007诺贝尔和平奖。

珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)：英国生物学家、动物行为学家和著名动物保育人士。珍·古道尔长期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得丰硕成果。她的工作纠正了许多学术界对黑猩猩这一物种长期以来的错误认识，揭示了许多黑猩猩社群中鲜为人知的秘密。除了对黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道尔还热心投身于环境教育和公益事业，由她创建并管理的珍·古道尔研究会（国际珍古道尔协会）是著名民间动物保育机构，在促进黑猩猩保育、推广动物福利、推进环境和人道主义教育等领域进行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道尔研究会创立的根与芽是目前全球最活跃的面向青年的环境教育计划之一。由于珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究和环境教育等领域的杰出贡献，她在 1995年获英国女王伊丽莎白二世荣封为皇家女爵士，在2002年获颁联合国和平使者。

（演讲者简介来自维基百科）

◎ 部分已翻译演讲（简体中文）推荐：

1.阿尔·戈尔关于避免气候危机的演讲

“此次演讲流露出的幽默感和人道主义跟在他的纪录电影”难以忽视的真相“如出一辙，戈尔阐明了15种应对气候危机立马有效的方法而且简单易行，从购买混合动力产品到发明新产品替代碳排放产品，使“全球温室效应”更加深入人心。”

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持续发展的未来

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改变世界”（Worldchanging.com）网站的创建人，他在这个演讲中指出，减低人类生态足迹在当下之意义尤为巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式将不能推广到发展中国家，因为那样将消耗大量的资源。(因为西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推广到发展中国家，进一步加剧着资源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修复雨林

透过复杂的生态学，生物学家Willie Smits发掘一个重新植林的快捷方式，在婆罗洲救回了许多栖息于当地的红毛猩猩，进而创造出一个得以修复脆弱生态系统的蓝图。

4.William McDonough 谈「从摇篮到摇篮」理念

致力于环保的建筑师兼设计师 William McDonough 问，如果设计师心系所有子孙、所有物种、直到永远，我们的建筑及产品会是什么样子？

5.查尔斯·摩尔：塑料充斥的海洋

查尔斯·摩尔船长是Algalita海洋研究基金会的创始人，他第一次发现了大太平洋垃圾带——一片无边无际漂浮着塑料垃圾的海域。现在，他为我们讲述大海面临的日益严重的塑料碎片污染问题。

◎ 待校对演讲（简体中文）推荐

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是这个星期的TED主题介绍。希望大家能从上面的演讲中有所收获。大家也可以点击这里的网址来查看所有该主题下演讲的翻译进度（简体中文和繁体中文）。

如果大家对此专栏有何建议的话，欢迎大家在下面留言，或是电邮至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我们下期再见。

第四篇：Ted演讲

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

关于这场演讲

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫于2010年首次被发现，带来了令人费解的谜团。除了它不寻常且高度复杂的编码以外，还隐藏着一个更令人不安的谜团：它的攻击目标。Ralph Langner及其团队协助破解Stuxnet编码，找出这个数字弹头的最终攻击目标－以及其幕后源头。经使用计算机数字鉴识方法深入检视后，他解释了其运作原理。

关于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德国控制系统的安全顾问。他对Stuxnet恶意软件的分析受到全球瞩目。

为什么要听他演讲

Ralph Langner为独立网络安全公司Langner的领导者，专营控制系统－监控和调控其它设备的电子装置，如生产设备。这些装置与运作我们城市和国家的基础设施有密切关系，这使它们逐渐成为一场新兴且具高度复杂型态的电子战争攻击目标。自2010年起，当Stuxnet计算机蠕虫首次现身时，Langner坚决地投身于这个战场。

身为致力于译码这个神秘程序的一份子，Langner和他的团队分析Stuxnet的数据结构，并找出他认为其最终的攻击目标：运行于核工厂离心机的控制系统软件－特别是伊朗的核工厂。Langner进一步分析，发现Stuxnet可能的幕后源头，并于TED2011演讲中透露这个秘密。

Ralph Langner的英语网上资料

网站：Langner

[TED科技‧娱乐‧设计]

已有中译字幕的TED影片目录（繁体）（简体）。请注意繁简目录是不一样的。

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫背后的想法其实很简单，我们不希望伊朗造出原子弹，他们发展核武器的主要资产是纳坦兹的浓缩铀工厂，你们看到的灰色方块是实时控制系统，现在，如果我们设法破坏控制速度和阀门的驱动系统，我们事实上可以使离心机产生很多问题。这些灰色方块无法执行Windows软件，两者是完全不同的技术，但如果我们设法将一个有效的Windows病毒放进一台笔记本电脑里，由一位机械工程师操作，设定这个灰色方块，那么我们就可以着手进行了，这就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此，我们从Windows释放程序开始，让病毒载体进入灰色方块中，破坏离心机，延迟伊朗的核计划，任务完成，很简单，对吧？我想说明我们是如何发现这个的，当我们在半年前开始研究Stuxnet时，对这个东西的攻击目标一无所知，唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常复杂，释放程序部份使用多个零日漏洞，它似乎想要做些什么，用这些灰色方块，这些实时控制系统，因此，这引起我们的注意，我们开始了一个实验计划，我们用Stuxnet感染我们的系统并审视结果，然后一些非常有趣的事发生了。Stuxnet表现得像只白老鼠，不喜欢我们的奶酪，闻一闻，但不想吃。这根本没道里。之后，我们用不同口味的奶酪进行实验，我意识到，哦，这是一个直接攻击，完全直接的。释放程序在这些灰

色方块中有效的潜伏着，如果它发现了一个特定程序组态，甚至是它正试图感染的程序，它都会确实针对这个目标执行，如果没发现，Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以这真的引起了我的注意，我们开始进行这方面的工作，几乎日以继夜，因为我想，好吧，我们不知道它的目标是什么，很可能的，比方说美国的发电厂，或德国的化工厂，所以我们最好尽快找出目标。因此，我们抽出攻击代码并进行反编译，我们发现它的结构由两个数字炸弹组成，一个较小、一个较大。我们也看到，这是非常专业的设计，由显然知道所有内幕信息的人编写，他们知道所有必需攻击的位和字节，搞不好他们还知道控制员的鞋子尺寸，因此他们什么都知道。

如果你曾听过Stuxnet的释放程序，是复杂、高科技的，让我跟你们说明一下。病毒本身是很高科技没错，比我们曾见过的任何编码都高深，这是这个实际攻击代码的样本，我们谈论的是大概15,000行的代码，看起来很像旧式的汇编语言。我想告诉你们的是，我们如何能够理解这段代码，所以，我们首先要寻找的是系统的函数调用，因为我们知道它们的作用是什么。

然后，我们寻找时间控制器和数据结构，试图将其与真实世界连结起来，寻找现实世界中的潜在目标，因此我们必需进行目标推测，以便确认或排除。为了找到推测目标，我们想到，它必定具有绝对破坏性，必定是一个高价值目标，最可能设置在伊朗，因为这是大部份感染发生的地点。在这区域内你不会找到几千个目标，基本上范围可以缩小为布什尔核电厂及纳坦兹浓缩铀工厂。

所以我告诉我的助手，“列出我们客户中所有离心机和核电厂专家的名单”，我打电话给他们，听取他们的意见，努力用我们在代码和数据中的发现与他们的专业知识做对照。这很有效，因此，我们找出了这个小数字弹头与转子控制的关联，转子是离心机内部的运转零件，就是你们看到的这个黑色物体，如果控制这个转子的速度，事实上你就能使转子损坏，甚至最后使离心机爆炸。我们也看到了这次攻击的目标，实际上进行的相当缓慢、低调，显然为了达成目标，快把维修工程师逼疯了，因为他们无法迅速找出答案。

这个大数字弹头－我们做过尝试，非常仔细检查数据和数据结构，因此，例如数字164在这些代码中确实很突出，你不能忽视它。我开始研究科学文献，这些离心机如何在纳坦兹组建，并找出它们的结构，就是所谓的层级。每个层级由164台离心机组成，这就说的通了，与我们的结果匹配。

而它甚至更有帮助。这些在伊朗的离心机细分为15种所谓的等级，你猜我们在攻击代码中发现什么？一个几乎相同的结构。所以，同样的，这与结果完美匹配，就我们所寻找的东西来说，这给了我们相当大的信心。别误解我的意思，不是像这样弹指之间，为了获致这些成果，历经几星期相当艰苦的奋斗，我们常常走进死胡同，必需重新来过。

总之，我们找到了这两个数字弹头，实际上是针对同一个目标，但从不同角度。小弹头对准一个层级，让转子加速旋转然后急遽减速，而大弹头影响六个层级并操纵阀门，总之，我们非常有信心，我们已经确认目标是什么，是纳坦兹，就只有纳坦兹。因此，我们不必担心其它目标可能被Stuxnet攻击。

我们看到一些非常酷的东西，真的让我印象深刻。下方是灰色方块，顶端你们看到的是离心机，这些东西所做的是拦截来自传感器的输入值，例如，来自压力传感器和振动传感器的，它提供正常代码，在攻击中依然执行，用的是假的输入数

据。事实上，这个假的输入数据是Stuxnet事先录制的，因此，这就像来自好莱坞电影的抢劫过程中，监视器被放入预录的影片，酷吧？

这里的想法显然不仅是愚弄控制室中的操作者，实际上更加危险且更具攻击性，这个想法是规避数字安全系统。我们需要数字安全系统，当一位人类操作员的行动不够快时，因此，例如在一座核电厂中，当一台大蒸汽涡轮机严重超速时，你必须在一毫秒内打开泄压阀。显然，一位人类操作员办不到，因此，这就是我们需要使用数字安全系统之处。当它们被破坏，真正糟糕的事就会发生了，你的工厂会爆炸，无论你的操作员或安全系统都无法注意到这一点，这很可怕。

但还会更糟。我要说的这些相当重要，想想看，这种攻击是一般性的，它没什么特定性，对离心机来说，还有浓缩铀，因此，它也会作用于，例如一座核电厂或一座汽车工厂，它是通用的，你不需要－身为攻击者，你不需要藉由USB装置传递这个病毒载体，如我们在Stuxnet例子中看到的，你也可以使用传统的蠕虫病毒技术的来散播，尽可能传播四方。如果你这么做，最终它会变成具大规模破坏性的网络武器，这是我们必然会面临的后果。所以，不幸的是，这种攻击最大量的目标并不是在中东，而是在美国、欧洲和日本。因此，所有这些绿色区域就是遭受最多攻击的目标，我们必须面对这个后果，我们最好现在开始做准备。

谢谢。

（掌声）

Chris Anderson：我有个问题，Ralph，这件事已广为人知，人们认为摩萨德（以色列情报机构）是幕后的主要推手，你也这么认为吗？

Ralph Langner：好，你真的想知道吗？

Chris Anderson：是啊!

Ralph Langner：好，我的看法是，摩萨德有参与，但以色列并非领导势力。因此，背后的主导力量是网络超级大国，只有一个，就是美国。幸好、幸好，因为如果不是这样，我们的问题可能更大。

CA：谢谢你吓坏了美国人，谢谢Ralph。

第五篇：TED演讲

如果你喜欢TED，观看了TED的演讲视频，感到激动不已，甚至梦想，有一天自己也站在TED的舞台上做一个演讲，分享你的精彩创意想法和精彩故事！这太好了，这种热情的向往，是通往TED讲台之路的最大动力。除此之外还需要了解一些演讲技巧。

下面是著名的The TED Commandments（TED演讲十个黄金法则），为TED演讲者提供了建议和指南。

These 10 tips are the heart of a great TED Talk.1.Dream big.Strive to create the best talk you have ever given.Reveal something never seen before.Do something the audience will remember forever.Share an idea that could change the world.给自己一个高目标，要把这个演讲做成你最成功的一个演讲。你可以向观众展示某些未曾公开展示的东西或做出能够让观众留下深刻印象的事情。分享一个有可能改变世界的想法。

2.Show us the real you.Share your passions, your dreams...and also your fears.Be vulnerable.Speak of failure as well as success.展示一个最真实的你。分享你的激情、梦想，乃至恐惧。不要把自己当成是完美无缺的，你可以讲成功的故事，也可以讲失败的故事。

3.Make the complex plain.Don't try to dazzle intellectually.Don't speak in abstractions.Explain!Give examples.Tell stories.Be specific.简单化。千万不要吹自己多么博学，不要用抽象的言辞来表达。你要解释为何会是这样。多讲点故事，讲得清楚一点。

4.Connect with people's emotions.Make us laugh!Make us cry!

要说得动人一点，使得观众听了会发出由衷的微笑或感动到禁不住要哭泣。

5.Don't flaunt your ego.Don't boast.It’s the surest way to switch everyone off.不要自吹自擂。那样做的话，最容易吓跑观众。

6.No selling from the stage!Unless we have specifically asked you to, do not talk about your company or organization.And don't even think about pitching your products or services or asking for funding from stage.台上不能推销！除非事先有通知，否则不可谈论你的公司或组织。更别指望在台上展示你的产品。

7.Feel free to comment on other speakers, to praise or to criticize.Controversy energizes!Enthusiastic endorsement is powerful!

要给其他演讲嘉宾一定的回应，可以赞可以弹。意见之对立才会擦出思维之火火嘛。激情的参与本身的力量就是这么强大的。8.If possible, don't read your talk.Notes are fine.But if the choice is between reading or rambling, then read!

除非万不得已，否则不要照着讲稿阅读。当然可以看自己写的小纸片。但假如不看讲稿你会表述得含糊不清的话，那还是看着稿子讲吧。

9.You must end your talk on time.Doing otherwise is to steal time from the people that follow you.We won’t allow it.必须在规定的时间内说完。因为超时就意味着剥夺了其他人的时间。这是不允许的。

10.Rehearse your talk in front of a trusted friend...for timing, for clarity, for impact.为了保证演讲准时、清晰、高质量，我们希望你提前跟朋友一起做试讲。关于TED

TED于1984年由理查德·温曼和哈里·马克思共同创办，从1990年开始每年在美国加州的蒙特利举办一次，而如今，在世界的其他城市也会每半年举办一次。

它邀请世界上的思想领袖与实干家来分享他们最热衷从事的事业。“TED”由“科技”、“娱乐”以及“设计”三个英文单词首字母组成，这三个广泛的领域共同塑造着我们的未来。事实上，这场盛会涉及的领域还在不断扩展，展现着涉及几乎各个领域的各种见解。参加者们称它为 “超级大脑SPA”和“四日游未来”。

大会观众往往是企业的CEO、科学家、创造者、慈善家等等，他们几乎和演讲嘉宾一样优秀。比尔·克林顿、比尔·盖茨、维基百科创始人吉米·威尔斯、DNA结构的发现者詹姆斯·华森、google创办人、英国动物学家珍妮·古道尔、美国建筑大师弗兰克·盖里、歌手保罗·西蒙、维珍品牌创始人理查德·布兰森爵士、国际设计大师菲利普·斯达克以及U2乐队主唱Bono都曾经担任过演讲嘉宾。

大凡有机会来到TED大会现场作演讲的均有非同寻常的经历，他们要么是某一领域的佼佼者，要么是某一新兴领域的开创人，要么是做出了某些足以给社会带来改观的创举。比如人类基因组研究领域的领军人物Craig Venter，“给每位孩子一百美元笔记本电脑”项目的创建人 Nicholas Negroponte，只身滑到北极的第一人 Ben Saunders，当代杰出的语言学家 Steven Pinker……至于像 Al Gore 那样的明星就更是TED大会之常客了。

每一个TED 演讲的时间通常都是18分钟以内，但是，由于演讲者对于自己所从事的事业有一种深深的热爱，他们的演讲也往往最能打动听者的心，并引起人们的思考与进一步探索。