2011.11.18英语第5单元讲稿

第一篇：2011.11.18英语第5单元讲稿

Good moring, everyone!I’m„„.I’ll spend ten minutes talking about AIDS.It includes four points: the meaning of AIDS and HIV, the background of World AIDS Day, the transmission of AIDS and how to prevent AIDS.AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(获得性免疫系统缺陷综合症).Acquired means you get infected with HIV, Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body’s system that fights diseases, Syndrome means a group of health problems that make up a disease.HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.H – Human – This particular virus can only infect human beings.I – Immunodeficiency – HIV weakens your immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection.A “deficient” immune system can't protect you.V – Virus – A virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host.HIV is different with AIDS.HIV is a virus, and AIDS is a disease.HIV causes AIDS.People get infected with HIV, and later develop AIDS.The first case infected by HIV was found in 1981.The first World AIDS Day was held in 1988.World AIDS Day is about getting involved so that everyone can make a difference in the global fight against HIV and AIDS.It’s about people from different and diverse backgrounds pulling together, in the same direction, to inform and educate people of all ages about HIV and AIDS.The 24th World AIDS Day is coming on the first day of December.1988 全球共讨，征服有期Join the Worldwide Effort 1989 我们的生活，我们的世界———让我们相互关照Our Lives，Our World ——— Let ' s Take Care of Each Other 1990 妇女和艾滋病Women and AIDS 1991 共同迎接艾滋病的挑战Sharing the Challenge 1992 预防艾滋病，全社会的责任A Community Commitment 1993 时不我待，行动起来Time to Act 1994 艾滋病和家庭AIDS and the Family 1995 共享权益，共担责任Shared Right，Shared Responsibilities 1996 同一世界，同一希望One World，One Hope 1997 生活在有艾滋病世界中的儿童Children Living in a World with AIDS 1998 青少年：迎战艾滋病的生力军Force for Change ： World AIDS Campaign with Young People 1999 倾听，学习，尊重Listen，Learn，Live!2000 男士，责无旁贷Men Make a Difference 2001 你我同参与I can and You 2002 相互关爱，共享生命Live，let Live 2003 耻辱与歧视Stigma and Discrimination 2004 年―关注妇女 抗击艾滋‖ Women, Girls, HIV and AIDS

2005-2010 年―遏制艾滋 履行承诺‖― stop AIDS,keep the promise ‖ 2011 Getting to Zero——“Zero New HIV Infections”（零新增感染），“Zero Discrimination”（零歧视）和“Zero AIDS Related Deaths”（零死亡）

第二篇：新起点大学英语第1单元讲稿

Unit 1 Food and Drinks

1.Before Reading 1.1.1 Directions: What do we eat in our daily diet? Name the following food and drinks.Fruits, corn, fish, eggs, carrots, tomatoes, cucumber, cabbage，Sweets, chocolate, potato chips Rice, dumplings, noodles, cake, pizza, hamburger Coffee, milk tea, juice，Whisky, ram, liquor, vodka, cocktail Vegetables cabbage, carrot, tomato, bean, garlic, pepper, cucumber, broccoli, onion, cauliflower, pumpkin, mushroom Fruit

apple, mango, pear, cherry, strawberry, lemon, coconut, peach,watermelon, lychee, pineapple, grape Meat

pork, beef, lamb, chicken, turkey, mutton， fish, sea food

1.1.2 Directions: What foods are healthy for us and what are junk food?

Junk food /Healthy food

fried chicken, chocolates, ice-cream, sugar , chips … Fruits, vegetables, fish , meat ,noodles ,dumplings …

1.1.3 What do you know about western food and Chinese food? 中国快餐(Chinese fast food)烧饼

Clay oven rolls 油条

Fried bread stick 水饺

Boiled dumplings 馒头

Steamed buns 皮蛋

1000-year egg 咸鸭蛋

Salted duck egg 豆浆

Soybean milk 稀饭

Rice porridge 蛋炒饭

Fried rice with egg 地瓜粥

Sweet potato congee 馄饨面

Wonton and noodles 米粉

Rice noodles 臭豆腐

Smelly tofu

蛋卷

Egg rolls 绿豆糕

Bean paste cake 肉丸

Rice-meat dumplings 西餐(Western food)Salad 沙拉(凉拌菜)Fish pie 鱼馅饼 Roast beef 烤牛肉 Steak

牛排 Crackers 咸饼干

Mashed potato 土豆泥 Cheese 乳酪 Pork chop 猪排

Chocolate pudding 巧克力布丁 McDonald 麦当劳 Hot dog 热狗

Pizza 比萨(意大利烘馅饼)Sandwich 三明治 Sausage 香肠 Ketchup 番茄酱

Doughnut 面包圈 Hamburger 汉堡包 Milk shake 奶昔 1.1.4 Game Time

Divide the students into groups of five.Give the first student a word about food, let him/her try to remember it and spell it secretly to the next one.If the fifth student spell the word correctly, then the team gets One score.The team that scores Ten first will win.mushroom

蘑菇

asparagus

芦笋

broccoli

椰菜, 花茎甘蓝 lettuce 莴苣 celery

芹菜 cauliflower 花菜 cherry 樱桃 garlic 蒜

ginger root 姜 tangerine 橘子 pomegranate 石榴 chilli pepper 尖椒 persimmon

柿子

1.2 Video-watching 1.2.1.What are the rats doing in the kitchen? 1.2.2.What does the dish remind the long-faced critic of?

1.2.3.Do you believe that everyone can become a cook? 2.Global Reading 2.1 Directions: Scan the text and answer the following questions.1.How do you understand fast food? 2.What is the key to success of the fast food chains? 3.What factors influence people‘s dieting preferences?

4.What is the purpose of the extensive research conducted by fast food companies? 5.In paragraph 4, what does ―side order‖ mean? 6.What is Thailand‘s favorite fast food?

7.In India, why are the beef and pork not eaten? 8.What do burger chains offer in the United States? 9.What is the situation of dining out in Russia before the chain restaurants opened? 10.Can you list some local favorites in your hometown? 2.2 Text Structure Part Division Main Ideas I 1—2

Fast food chains are successful and their key to success is tailoring menus to suit different tastes and cultures.II 3—10

Fast food restaurant McDonald‘s embraces the different preferences and designs different menus to offer local favorites in different countries.Ⅲ 11

Fast food restaurants are ready and willing to sell people anything they desire to eat.Paragraph Pattern – From general to specific

3.Detailed Reading 3.1 Background Information 3.1.1

France: goose liver, cheese, wine India: braised beef with curry, roti prata,tea with milk FOOD LIKES: Food----KFC;braised beef with curry(咖喱牛肉饭);cheese;

hamburger;roti prata(抛饼);goose liver Drinks----tea with milk;wine;cola.3.1.2 Specials in Different Countries

Food Taboo

At an informal meal, the table setting is not cluttered and all the flatware is laid on the table at one time.At the host's option the dessert utensils may be brought to the table on the dessert plate.To avoid cutter, the general rule for a any table setting is to include no more than three utensils on either side of the dinner plate at a time.The exception is the oyster(or seafood)fork, which may be placed to the right of the last spoon even when it is the fourth utensil to the right of the plate.The initial table setting for a typical formal dinner should look something like this:

Alcoholics Anonymous(AA)is an international mutual aid movement which says its “primary purpose is to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety” founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr.Bob Smith(Bill W.and Dr.Bob)in Akron, Ohio.3.1.3 Fast Food with Global Menu Donna O‘Meara

Do you want fries with that? Just what is ―that‖? It depends on where you are in the world.Some of the most successful global businesses on the planet are fast food chains.Their key to success is tailoring menus to suit different tastes and cultures.People around the world have very different preferences in food, and their diets are influenced by geography, local customs and religious restrictions.Some cultures avoid certain foods, or they will eat things you wouldn‘t.Fast food restaurants have embraced these differences.For example, McDonald‘s may not offer the same menu to Russian customers that it does to Japanese customers, but people in both countries receive a meal packaged in paper printed with the company‘s identifiable ―M‖.Fast food companies conduct extensive research to tailor menus for regional differences.So, in the busy city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where people‘s diets are influenced by their Muslim beliefs, McDonald‘s serves up the McArabia burger.With grilled minced meat combined with onions and Arabian spices, the burger is based on a traditional favorite Muslim dinner.And what do hamburger restaurants serve in countries like Japan, where people prefer to eat fish, sushi, and rice? It‘s simple: they offer a hot fried shrimp burger with a side order of steamed rice instead of French fries.Burger chains offer local favorites throughout Asia.Korean burgers are pork patties cooked in a traditional Korean barbecue garlic sauce.Taiwanese diners favor spicy chicken drumstick sandwiches, in line with their tastes for spicy food and dark meat.Thailand‘s favorite fast food is a spicy pork burger and a green tea pie dessert.Children in Spain order tapas, a lot of small bites of local food favorites, at their local burger restaurant.Australia and New Zealand restaurants reflect local food preferences by adding egg, bacon, beet root, and cheese to burgers.In India, cows are considered sacred and are never killed.Beef and pork are not eaten as this would be a serious offence to Hindu beliefs.Burger sellers faced a huge challenge in designing menus for Indians.A local Indian favorite is the Chicken McCurry Pan, a blend of tomato sauce, mixed with chicken, baked, and served on spiced bread and topped with cheese.Canadian fast food chains serve something that looks like a traditional Canadian dish consisting of French fries covered in cheese curds and gravy.The favorite in El Salvadoran burger chains, is filled with meat and cheese.Argentineans favor steak sandwiches based on a local herbed sauce.Burger chains in the United States offer local favorites, too.In New Mexico, you can get peppers on your sandwich;breakfast burritos are served throughout the Southwest;and pineapple-topped burgers are offered in Hawaii.Before chain restaurants opened in Russia, dining out was limited and not always a pleasant experience.Waiters were usually rude to many customers.So when more than 125 fast food burger restaurants opened across Russia, a record of 30,000 Russians rushed to the openings, lined up, and waited for hours to buy hamburgers and French fries, all because they were served happily with a smile and a thank-you.Russian people found this to be a delightful experience and made the Russian fast food hamburger business the fifth largest market in all of Europe.The list of local favorites around the world is endless.One thing is for sure: People like to eat, and fast food restaurants are ready and willing to sell them anything they desire.So, if being a restaurant entrepreneur is your dream, you‘d better start planning your global menu now.3.3 Useful Expression 1.depend on v.1)取决于

2)依赖，依靠

All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。

Whether he will come depends on the weather.他是否回来取决于天气的原因。

同义词

depend on;rely on;count on 这组动词的一般意义为―组成‖ 或―构成‖。depend on：取决于。rely on：依靠。count on：指望。

We can depend on his arriving here on time.You can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchase.That was the only thing they could count on.你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜。我们可以相信他会准时到来。那是他们唯一依靠的东西。

Look at the gold chain Tim bought for me, it‘s very beautiful.KFC是世界最有名的连锁餐厅之一。看汤姆跟我买的金链子，它很漂亮。

2.chain n.shops/hotels 连锁店

joined rings 链子

KFC is one of the most famous chain restaurants in the world.Each country must tailor its energy plan to its energy resources.每一个国家都必须根据它们自己的能源资源来制定能源计划。

3.tailor

v.make something right for your needs 使合适

n.someone who makes clothes 裁缝

Ask the tailor to lengthen my coat because it is too short for me.让裁缝把我的大衣放长些,我穿着太短了。A polar bear has a preference for cold weather.北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。

4.preference n.you like to have or do one thing rather than something else 偏爱

If you watch your diet, then you won't have to suffer the pain of going on a diet.如果你注意饮食,那么你就不须受节食之苦。

5.diet n.the type and range of food that you regularly eat日常食物, 规定饮食

The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without restriction.这个游泳俱乐部对邻近地区的家庭开放，不受限制。

6.restriction n.Translation

an official rule that limits what you can do or that limits the amount or size of something限制;约束仿效

她热情地接受了到欧洲旅行的建议。

He enfolded the child in an affectionate embrace.他疼爱得把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。

7.embrace

v.accept it and start supporting it or believing in it 包含，包括，接受

n.hug somebody 拥抱

She eagerly embraced the offer of a trip to Europe.Nearly all the children are offered shelters from their parents.I'll offer you 10 pounds for this book.几乎所有的小孩都能得到父母提供的庇护。

8.offer

v.someone says they will give you or do for you.提供

v.make available for sale出价

n.something offered(as a proposal or bid)出价, 提议 Translation 我出10 磅钱买你这本书。

To possess a concept is not to own some easily identifiable article.持有一个概念并不是持有某个容易辨认的物品。

9.identifiable a.Something or someone that is identifiable can be recognized.可认明的, 可识别的 Recently the police conducts a survey about reducing the criminal rate.最近警察进行了一个减少犯罪率的调查。

Copper conducts electricity better than iron does.10.conduct

v.进行……的事，引导, 指挥, 管理

v.导电，传热

n.行为

Mr.Green will conduct the orchestra.The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.格林先生将指挥这支管弦乐队。

那位记者被控有违反职业道德的行为。铜的导电性比铁强。

先生的学问博大精深。

The teacher had both extensive knowledge and profound scholarship.11.extensive a.covers or includes a large physical area.广的, 多方面的, 广泛的 If you can get everyone to sit at the table I'm ready to serve up the food.12.serve up v.1)端上 2)担任

Section Chairs may serve up to three one-year terms.小组的主席可以连任三届。

如果你让每个人都入席了,我就上菜了。

Come about 4 o'clock.We'll have cocktails and grill steaks.请四点钟左右来,我们喝鸡尾酒,吃烤牛排。

13.grill

v.cook something using very strong heat directly above or below it.烧, 烤

2)n.a part of a stove which produces strong heat to cook food that has been placed underneath it.烤架;烤肉;铁格子 Translation Put the bread under the grill to make the toast for breakfast.把面包放在烤架下准备做早饭吃的吐司。Mince the meat and the onion.把肉和洋葱剁碎吧。

14.mince

1)v.put it into a machine which cuts it into very small pieces.切碎

2)n.meat which has been cut into very small pieces using a machine.碎肉 Generally speaking, I don't like spicy food.我一般不爱吃辛辣的食物。

15.spicy a.strongly flavoured with spices.加了香料的;辛辣的 Nowadays many teenagers favor to recognize face book as their entertainment.现在的年轻人都喜欢将facebook作为他们娱乐的方法。

16.favor v.you like something 喜爱，偏爱 Detailed Reading 相关词语 favorite a.特别喜爱的

n.特别喜爱的人或物

Baseball is my favorite sport.What's your favorite? 垒球是我最喜欢的一项体育活动,你最喜欢什么活动? His ideas on politics are exactly in line with mine.他的政治见解跟我的一致。17.in line with

与...一致

Her sad looks reflected the thought passing through her mind.我经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。

她忧戚的面容反映出她内心的思想。

I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.18.reflect v.show反应

think 思考

In India the cow is a sacred animal.在印度，牛是神圣的动物。

19.sacred a.believed to be holy and to have a special connection with God.神的, 宗教的;不可侵犯的;神圣的

Whether a gun is a weapon of offence or a weapon of defense depends on which end of it you are at.枪是攻击武器还是防御武器，要看你的目的而定。

20.offence n.a crime that breaks a particular law and requires a particular punishment.犯罪, 违反, 冒犯，攻击

相关词语 offensive a.讨厌的, 攻击性的, 无礼的

You will find it difficult to explain away your use of such offensive language.你使用这样无礼的语言是很难说得过去的。

We will build our defenses beyond challenge, lest weakness invite challenge.21.challenge n.v.挑战

我们要防患于未然,懈怠会带来麻烦。

They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world.他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。根据原子理论,所有的元素都是由原子所组成的。

According to the theory of atoms all elements consist of atoms.22.consist of

由……组成 辨析

consist of;be made up of;be composed of consist是不及物动词，consist of 不可用于被动语态。

be made up of 和be composed of指由…组成，用于被动语态。The book is ___________________ 25 units.该书由25个单元组成。

The house _______ 6 rooms.这个房子有六个房间。Practice consists of composed of/ made up of Detailed Reading 辨析

compose;consist of;comprise;constitute 这组动词的一般意义为―组成‖ 或―构成‖。

compose：在表示―由……材料构成‖时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的―构成‖或―组成‖总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。

consist of: 含义与被动语态的 compose 相同。

Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。

England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。

Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective.虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。

辨析

compose;consist of;comprise;constitute comprise：在表示―构成‖时的内涵是―包括‖或―覆盖‖

constitute：主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所―构成‖的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的

These houses do not comprises all his property.这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。

The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。

This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。

Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。

Evidence based on the reports of others rather than the personal knowledge of a witness and therefore generally not admissible as testimony.传闻证据证人根据别人讲述的内容而不是本人所了解的情况作出的证词，因此一向不作为可接受的证据。

23.base on v.基于

Line up these men and see if the witness can recognize the criminal.把队伍排整齐他们就能拿到票了。将这些人排成一行，看看目击者是否能认出罪犯。To line up the crowd and they will get the tickets.24.line up

1)排队 2)整齐，对齐

He was willing to lay down his life for his country.他愿意为祖国牺牲他的生命。

25.be willing to

愿意

彼得认为,企业家的职能是革新。

In Schumpeter's view, the function of the entrepreneur was innovation.26.entrepreneur n.a person who sets up businesses and business deals.企业家;主办人

3.4 Difficult Sentences 1.Do you want fries with that? Just what is ―that‖? It depends on where you are in the world.What you eat fries with depends on your location in the world.你想用炸薯条搭配―那个‖一起吃吗？―那个‖是什么？这取决于你位于世界何处。

It depends on where you are in the world.是一个由where引导的宾语从句，其中It指代――那个‖是什么？‖，―那个‖又源于首句―你想用炸薯条搭配―那个‖一起吃吗？‖。三句结合，才能理解作者意思。采用疑问句开篇，引起读者兴趣。Just用法地道。that与which, where与in/at/on/...which This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where或in which，因为定语从句中worked 是不及物动词。

This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用that或which，还可以省略，visited是及物动词。

2.McDonald‘s may not offer the same menu to Russian

customers that it does to Japanese customers……

麦当劳公司就不会把提供给俄罗斯顾客的菜单照搬到日本……

The menu McDonald‘s offers to Russian

customers is different from the menu it offers to Japanese customers……

句中that引导的同位语从句，由于与the same搭配，采用does简略表示，只将不同之处即宾语写出即可。

the same as 与the same that都可以接从句，as从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。例如： He is wearing the same coat as Tom.他穿的衣服和汤姆的是一模一样的，但不是同一件。This is the same coat that Tom lost yesterday.这就是昨天汤姆丢掉的那件衣服，是同一件。

3.With grilled minced meat combined with onions and Arabian spices, the burger is based on a traditional favorite Muslim dinner.这种汉堡来源于传统的穆斯林食品，馅料是烤肉末加洋葱和阿拉伯香料。

The burger is based on a traditional favorite Muslim dinner.It has grilled minced meat combined with onions and Arabian spices.combined with onions and Arabian spices修饰meat。整个前半句为with引导的独立主格结构，这种结构虽然主要用作状语，但可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。结构：with+名词（代词）+介词短语/形容词/副词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand． 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。

He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open． 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on．

这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl． 他去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。

She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。

The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare． 这位守门员离开了日本，而他的缺点却暴露无遗。

With 10 minutes to go, you‘d better hurry．

还有十分钟，你最好快一点。

4.……they offer a hot fried shrimp burger with a side order of steamed rice instead of French fries.他们制作了炸虾汉堡，配以蒸熟的米饭而不是薯条。

……they offer a hot fried shrimp burger with a side order of steamed rice, instead of offering a hot fried shrimp burger with a side order of French fries.Detailed Reading with a side order of steamed rice instead of French fries为with引导的复合结构，此处用作后置定语。

side order: n.an amount of food that a restaurant serves you at the same time as the main course of a meal but on a separate plate 主菜之外附带加的菜 I would like a side order of fried onion.我想再另点一些油炸洋葱。

instead of: in place of;but not 代替；而不（常跟名词，代词或动名词）I have come instead of my brother.He is ill.我代替我哥哥来，他病了。

5.A local Indian favorite is the Chicken McCurry Pan, a blend of tomato sauce, mixed with chicken, baked, and served on spiced bread and topped with cheese.当地印度人最爱吃的是咖喱鸡肉饼，把鸡肉和番茄酱混合后再进行烘烤，然后搭配加了香料的面包，最后在鸡肉饼上放一些奶酪。

A local Indian favorite is the Chicken McCurry Pan.It is a blend of tomato sauce, mixed with chicken, baked, then served on spiced bread, finally topped with cheese.a blend of tomato sauce为Chicken McCurry Pan的同位语，之后几个过去分词做了定语，阐述了肉饼的制作过程，是对前半句中the Chicken McCurry Pan的解释。

4.After Reading 取决于

depend on 成功的秘诀key to success 例如for example 一样the same 提供 serve up 把…合起来 combine with 更喜欢 prefer to 而非instead of 与…一致 in line with 许多a lot of 巨大挑战a huge challenge 由…混合而成a blend of 混合mix with 看起来像look like 包括consist of 用…填满fill… with 基于base on 到餐馆吃dine out 排队line up 增加add to 4.After Reading 4.1 Summary

What you eat fries with ______________ your location in the world.Although people have __________, fast food restaurants have __________these differences.They ______ extensive research to _____ menus.Burger chains ____ local favorites.Burger sellers faced a huge _________ in designing menus in India where cows are considered ______.Beef and pork are not eaten as this would be a serious ______.So a ______ of tomato sauce, chicken, etc.is ______ __.When fast food burger restaurants opened across Russia, 30,000 Russians ____ __ and waited for hours.One thing is for sure: People like to eat, and fast food restaurants are ready and _____ to sell them anything they desire.4.2 Directions: Fill in the blanks and complete the summary of the text.1)This coffee is a ___________ of Java and Brazil.2)Neither party in Congress is willing to___________ both sides of that proposal.3)We are __________ a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.4)You should __________ your spending to your income.5)I must say I have a strong __________ for classical music.6)The _______ palaces of the Wudang Mountain invite a good many visitors.7)He ___________ up the books and put them under his bed after examination.8)Well… if you like hot and ___________ food, please try Sichuan food.9)You can have a healthy body by selecting a healthy _________.10)The problem was how to say ‗no‘ to her without causing _____________.4.3 Directions: Choose the best one to complete the following sentences.1)The United Kingdom ______ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.A)is consisted of

B)consists of

C)made up of

D)makes up of

2)While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ______ the nurse Florence Nightingale.A)in line with

B)in favor of

C)in place

D)in honor of 3)The house is easily ______ by the large tree outside.A)unidentifiable

B)identifiable

C)identify

D)identified 4)Oil does not ____ with water.A)connect

B)mix

C)unify

D)combine 5)Despite several failures, they continued to ______ the experiment.A)cut

B)condense

C)conduct

D)change 6)We can ______ our design to meet your request.A)reflect

B)make

C)tailor

D)shape 7)The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.A)inserts

B)grips

C)performs

D)embraces

8)The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighboring districts has had to be ______.A)weakened

B)omitted

C)restricted

D)lowered 9)China and Australia in many areas share ______

common interest.A)extensive

B)intensive

C)expensive

D)extended 10)Our English teacher always can ____ education ___ recreation.A)mix...with

B)join...with

C)compare...with

D)associate...with

4.4 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English by using the words and phrases given in the brackets.1)我们学校的足球队由24名成员组成。

2)我把旧衣服打包并放进我的车子里。3)学生们排队上校车。

4)这部小说是现实和想象的迷人结合。

5)我不知道你喜欢吃什么，请你自便吧。fter Reading

第三篇：八年级英语说单元讲稿

（新标准）英语 说教材（八上）

天津市第九十三中学 韩晶晶

八年级英语

说课讲稿

天津市第九十三中学

韩晶晶

 学段分析

义务教育阶段英语课程的总目标是：通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言运用能力，促进心智发展，提高综合人文素养。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面整体发展的基础之上。

语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础；文化意识有利于正确地理解语言和得体地使用语言；有效的学习策略有利于提高学习效率和发展自主学习的能力【指向未来】；积极的情感态度有利于促进主动学习和持续发展【就像火箭升空的推动力】。这五个方面相辅相成，共同促进学生综合语言运用能力的形成和发展。

以语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五方面共同构成的英语课程总目标，既体现了英语学习的工具性，也体现了其人文性；既有利于学生发展语言运用能力，又有利于发展思维能力，从而全面提高学生的综合人文素养。

对于初中阶段的学生来说，七、八、九三个年级要达到的分级目标依次为三、四、五级目标。作为初二的学生，他们在以上五方面应达到的综合行为表现如下：

1、有较明确的学习需要和目标，对英语学习表现出较强的自信心。

2、能在所设日常交际情境中听懂对话和小故事。能用简单的语言描述自己或他人经历，表达简单观点。能读懂常见文体的小短文和相应水平的英文报刊文章。能合作起草和修改简短的叙述、说明、指令、规则等。能尝试使用不同的教育资源，从口头和书面材料中提取信息、扩展知识、解决简单的问题并描述结果。（新标准）英语 说教材（八上）

天津市第九十三中学 韩晶晶

3、能在学习中互相帮助，克服困难。能合理计划和安排学习任务，积极探索适合自己的学习方法。

4、在学习和日常交际中能注意到中外文化的异同。 全册分析

一、课标与教材紧密联系

本教材一共12个模块，每个模块有一个中心话题，在模块中心话题下有3个单元（unit1、2、3），一般情况unit1以对话形式出现，主要练习听说；unit2以小短文形式呈现，主要练习读写；unit3是本模块语法小结、语用、文化拓展等综合运用的内容。教材的编写处处体现出课标要求，如：Unit3 世界各地（Around the world）的版块体现了课标“文化意识”的要求；Unit1/2 学会学习（learning to learn）版块体现了课标“学习策略”的要求；而教材中真实任务(real-life tasks)和图画、图表认读(graph reading and analysing)则体现出课标对综合运用能力、创造力和思维能力的要求。

本教材按照“素质——题材——功能——结构——任务——可行”的体系编写，着重培养学生运用英语的能力，同时体现外语教学的跨文化教育本质。教材以学生日常生活（包括个人生活、学校生活、家庭生活、一般社会生活、与国际友人相处等）为主要内容，兼顾学生的知识学习和素质培养。各册教材内容以题材（theme）为纲，同一个题材可以在全套教材中反复出现，逐步扩展加深；词汇、语法项目、功能用语的选择和安排均以题材为出发点，以能完成真实性任务为原则，实现在用中学、为用而学、学用结合、学而能用的目标。即（新标准）这套教材是以题材为纲、以完成任务为目标的‘功能—结构’体系，所有任务以所学语言结构为基础而设计。这样设计保证了以完成任务为目的的教学，能引导（新标准）英语 说教材（八上）

天津市第九十三中学 韩晶晶

学生运用所学的语言结构去实现某一话题的语言功能，从而实现‘功能—结构—任务’的有结合。 单元分析

下面我们来看一下八上教材各模块的内容、语法、功能和主题【见PPt】。我们可以发现本学期的语法项目比较级、不定式结构（作宾语、宾补和状语）、过去进行时、情态动词都是中考要考查的。这给我们两点提示：一是帮助学生学懂新知识；二是适当与中考联系，以备应考。

教材每个模块都有三个单元（unit1、2、3）：Unit 1 对话为载体，听说为主；Unit 2 呈现小短文，读写为主；Unit 3 综合运用、语法小结、文化拓展等。每个单元基本都可以用PWP的模式进行教学，如：Pre-listening task 听前任务、While-listening task 听中任务、Post-listening task 听后任务；Pre-reading task 读前任务、While-reading task 读中任务、Post-reading task 读后任务；Pre-learning task 学前任务、While-learning task 学中任务、Post-learning task 学后任务。最后的学习产出分别就是：听懂会说、看懂能写、能用会考。

第二模块以“家乡”为题材，谈论家乡的位置与人口，以及与其他城市在人口、面积、繁华程度、新旧等方面的比较，开展听说读写活动。从对两个城市的比较，到Tony Smith 介绍自己的家乡，使学生由简单到复杂，渐渐感知新的语言，并通过范例，让学生对所熟知的两条河、两个城市等进行比较。要求学生理解、掌握本模块学习材料中关于方位、位置等语言现象。模块中第一单元主要侧重对学生听说能力的培养，通过对深圳和香港的对比，学习形容词的比较级。第二单元通过对剑桥、伦敦和英国的介绍，培养学生的读写能力。第三单元主要呈（新标准）英语 说教材（八上）

天津市第九十三中学 韩晶晶

现对本模块语言现象的练习，使学生对本模块知识有一个整体的了解。

本模块的重点是单词、词组和形容词比较级的用法。难点是形容词比较级的构成规则，以及它们在实际中的应用。课标对本模块的要求是：掌握单音节形容词的比较级的构成规则（规则变化和不规则变化），并会运用比较级进行比较。会运用表达方位的词汇来表达事物的位置关系。 我的教学计划 本模块的教学目标是：

掌握并运用本模块的单词和短语；

能够运用形容词的比较级进行口头表述、询问；并就以上询问作出口头回应，能口头提供有关个人生活的信息；

能够读懂关于祖国、方位、位置等的语言学习材料；理解阅读材料中所学的形容词比较级所表达的语义；

能够参照范例，用所学语言简单介绍自己熟知的城市；

通过家乡与其他城市的对比，了解自己的家乡，热爱自己的家乡，并了解美国、英国的主要河流和城市。

现在还没有行政历，不知道本学期共几个教学周？每周几课时？从八年级开始，无论是课文，还是单词，都是初中阶段最难啃的骨头【课文长、单词多】，因此本学期的宗旨：更需要在日常教学中化繁为简，贴近实际的同时又要考虑到中考的目标。

第四篇：职通英语第二单元讲稿

Unit 2 Greetings Teaching Objectives At the end of the class, the students should: 1.have a brief idea of the text contextually and linguistically;2.enlarge their vocabularies and sentence patterns about greetings and know how to use the key words and expressions in context properly;3.talk about the college life and effective learning methods;4.grasp the key information after listening practice 5.To improve reading skills.Key Points and Difficult Points 1.Useful Language Points and Expressions 2.Difficult Sentence Structure 3.Communicating Interaction 4.Translation Skills and Practice

Planned teaching time 6 credit hours

Teaching Procedures 1.Leading-in Interaction(30mins)A.Pronunciation Practice(10mins)B.Group Discussion(20mins)2.Detailed study of Text(180mins)A.Passage listening(10mins)B.Pre-reading(40mins)C.Comprehension of the paragraphs(40mins)D.Key words and difficult sentences(50mins)E.Structure of the text(20mins)F.Grammar(20mins)3.Guided practice(exercises based on the text)(30mins)4.Practicing interaction and communicating interaction.(50mins)5.Homework and feedback(10mins)

Teaching Approach 1..Communicative approach 2.Situational and task-based approach 3.Discussion

Reference Books 1.Teacher’s Manual of Career Express English Book 1 2.Career Express English Student’s Book 1 Section I.Leading-in 1.Ask students to read thegiven sentences aloud(Task 1)Aim: 1).To improve students’ pronunciation2).To arouse students’ interest 2.Divide students into several groups and ask them to give answers to the given questions(Task 2)1)How do you greet people when you meet them for the first time? 2)How do you introduce yourself ? 3)What kind of weather do you like best? 4)Do you know the weather in London? 5)What would you say when you see somebody off ?

Answers for Reference 1)Nice to meet you./ How do you do./ How’s everything going?/ How are you doing? 2)I’m.../My name is.../I’m from.../I graduated from.../My family members are...3)I like...best./...is my favorite season is...4)It’s always cloudy.It’s often rainy.The air is very fresh./mild and gentle/ marine climate 5)Have a good journey/trip.Best wish/good luck.SectionII Reading Interaction Section A.Discovering the Main Idea:

Greetings and introductions are very important to our social life and we should pay attention to the tips about greetings and introductions in different situations, so as to make a good first impression and improve our existing relationships.Section B Useful words and expressions Para1.1)make use of利用、使用某物，其中use是名词，可用good, full, more, little, considerable等形容词来修饰。应特别注意其被动 形式。

e.g.：We make good use of time to study.我们充分利用时间学习。

e.g.A considerable use is made of internal and informal information.大量使用了内部和非正式信息。2)friendliness n.友好；亲切

e.g.His kind smile soon generated friendliness.他友善的微笑很快营造了友好的气氛。

e.g.His friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.他的友好并不总是表示真正友情。Para 2 1)Greetings vary a lot in formality.打招呼的郑重程度大不相同。

vary是不及物动词，后面跟in/on/with短语表示在某些方面变化。Vary...in表示“在...方面有差异”。e.g.People vary a lot in their ideas.人们的观点大不相同。2)formality n.礼节；郑重

e.g.I wish we could treat each other without formality.我希望我们彼此之间不要太拘谨。

e.g.She has the greatest disregard for all formality.她全然不顾礼节。

3)“When meeting someone formally for the first time”, 现在分词 短语作时间状语。分词短语作状语，在句中可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。分词短语作时间状 语、原因状语、条件状语和让步状语时多位于句首，作结果状语、伴随状语时常位于句末。

4)“shake one’s hands”握某人的手。5)formally adv.正式地，形式上

e.g.He was formally inducted into the office of governor.他正式就任州长之职了。

e.g.It was really too warm for her to dress so formally.她穿得这么正式真的太热了。

6)we do shake hands when we meet new people.“do”放在动词前面表示强调，有“一定”的意思。“but”连接两个并列句。7)rarely adv.很少地

e.g.He rarely talks with other students on the campus.他很少和校园里的其他学生交谈。

e.g.She rarely goes to the canteen to have lunch.她很少去餐厅吃午餐。

8)part v.分离；分开

e.g.We feel as if we had been parted from each other for years.我们觉得好像被分开好多年了。

Para 4 1)“leave a(n)...impression upon/on sb.”“给某人留下...印象” 语言点: impression n.印象；效果 e.g.My impression is that he is against it.我的印象是他反对这件事。

e.g.What was your first impression of the college? 你对大学的第一印象是什么？

2)“introducing yourself and others”动宾结构的动名词短语做 主语。

3)etiquette n.礼节；礼仪 e.g.In Asia, etiquette is everything.在亚洲，礼节就是一切。

e.g.How well do you know the chopstick etiquette? 你知道多少关于使用筷子的礼仪呢？ Para 5 1)Whoever is the highest-ranking person is introduced to everyone else in order of their position.译文：根据地位的高低，地位最高者将依次被介绍给其他所有的人。分析：“Whoever is the highest-ranking person”是由“whoever”引导的 名词从句在整个句子中充当主语成分。2)rank n.等级；军衔 v.排等级 e.g.His shoulder badge indicates his rank.他的肩章表明他的军衔。

e.g.He eventually rose to the rank of captain.他最终升到了上尉的军衔。Para 6 1)There are some circumstances that may make you feel embarrassed.有些情况可能会让你感到尴尬。

在“there be”句型当中只能用“that”不用“which” 引导定语从句。2)circumstance n.环境；情况

e.g.Don’t deceive under any circumstances.在任何情况下都不要行骗。

e.g.In this circumstances, Jack’s plans looked highly appropriate.在这种情况下，杰克的计划看起来非常合适。3)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；窘迫的 e.g.He was so embarrassed.他是如此的尴尬。

e.g.She feels embarrassed when meeting him.当她遇到他的时候觉得尴尬。

4)This may make everyone feel comfortable.这会使每个人都感到轻松舒适。

“make”用作使役动词，表示“使”，后接不定式的复合结构作 宾语时，不定式不能带 to。

5)comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的 e.g.We have a comfortable new residence.我们有了一个舒适的新居。

e.g.A home should be comfortable and friendly.家应使人舒适与和睦。Para 7 1)develop v.开发；进步

e.g.Develop the economy and ensure supplies.发展经济，保障供给。

e.g.Their bodies were well developed and superfit.他们的身体发育良好，极其健康。

Section III Practicing and Interaction Grammar on Nouns and Pronouns

一、名词：

英语中的绝大多数名词既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。1．可数名词

可数名词一般可以分成以下三类：

第一类：如bike，desk，factory等，这类名词占可数名词的多数。以bike为如：Therearefiftybikesatthisshop．这家商店有50辆自行车。第二类：如clothes等，本身表示复数形式。以clothes为例： Shecaresforniceclothes．她爱好穿着。2．不可数名词

不可数名词的用法特征主要有以下几种：

（1）不带冠词的单数形式需用动词单数作谓语。Knowledgeispower．知识就是力量。（2）由much，little等词修饰。例如：

Theyhavesavedmuchmoneyforfutureuse．他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。（3）与表示单位的量词如apieceof等连用。例如： Goandfetchmeapieceofchalk．给我去拿一支粉笔。

要十分注意的是：不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。如不能说agoodnews,anadvice,ahardwork等。

不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组： 如：apieceofpaper一张纸adropofwater一滴水 a1oafofbread一条面包abagofmoney一袋钱 abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶apairofshoes一双鞋 此外还有专有名词：

专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。人名

英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。例如：

MarySmith；GeorgeWashington。

（1）一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如： How’s Johngettingon?约翰近来好吗？

（2）在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时，常把姓和称谓连用。例如：

WouldyoupleasetellJohnSmithtocometotheoffice?请你告诉约翰·史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?（3）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如：

TheTurnershavegonetoAmerica．特纳一家人去美国了。

可数名词及其复数形式

可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/ 如maps,books在浊辅音及元音后读/z/ 如cars,photos在/t/后读/ts/ cats,students，在/d/后读/dz/beds,如guards在/dz/后读/iz/ 如bridges,ages以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es在/s/,/z/,/s/,/ts/后读/iz/如classes,brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的词将y改成i,加-es读/z/如factories, stories以字母o结尾的词一般加-es读/z/如potatoes,tomatoes 少数外来词或缩略词加-s读/z/如radios,pianos 以字母f或fe结尾的词一般加-s读/s/如roofs,chiefs少数将f,fe,改为-ves 读/z/如shelves,knives有些加-s或改为-ves均可 读/s/或/z/如scarfs/scarves

代词

代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

代词用法

1)人称代词：

人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。人称代词可用作主语，表语，宾语以及介词宾语。

Iamaworker,Iworkinthefactory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。Youareagoodteacher.你是一位优秀教师。Sheisalittlegirl.她是一个小女孩。2）物主代词：

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。3）反身代词

表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-self（复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self（复数加-selves)构成4）相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。

如：Theyloveeachother.他们彼此相爱。

5）疑问代词 表示“谁（who），谁(whom），谁的（whose），什么（what），哪个或哪些(which）”等词叫疑问代词。6）关系代词

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有：who,whose,whom,that,which,as,可用作引导从句的关联词,它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语.在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。

e.g.：Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。

7）不定代词

没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用不定代词如下：

all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none, neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。

不定代词的用法：

不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语和定语。e.g.：Everybodyshouldbehereintimetomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。e.g.：Iknownothingaboutit.这件事情我一点都不知道。7）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever,whoever等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，如：

Idon’tknowwhoheis.我不知道他是谁。

Whathesayssoundsreasonable.他说的话听起来有道理。

Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.问题是我们该信任谁。

Section IV Communicating Interaction Aims: 1.To arouse students’ interest

2.To enable students to identify information 3.To give students fluency practice in listening and speaking about greetings and introductions.Tasks: 1.Students learn to understand and write a name card and resume.2.Students learn expressions used in greetings and introductions.Procedures: 1.Ask students to look at the business card and answer the question(Task 9)2.Ask students to read the name card and describe the person.(Task 10)3.Ask students to learn the useful sentences related to greetings and practice them orally.4.Ask students to listen to the dialogueand fill in the blanks(Task 11)5.Ask students to listen to conversation sequence the pictures.(Task 14)6.Ask students to listen to a passage and fill in the blanks.(Task 15)7.Ask students to work in pairs and make up short conversation after the example.(Task 16)8.Ask students to listen and choose the right sentences(Task 17)9.Ask students to give an introduction to each other(Task 18)Section VAmusement omitted

第五篇：英语讲稿

Dream Good morning everyone，I am very happy to tell you something about dream.As we all know Everyone have dreams, which are everybody yearning.The man who without dreams in his life will be empty, but dreams always be changing as our thought go forward.Today let me tell you my dream changing though my thought go forward.When I was not a primary school student,I had a dream that I want to somebody who can save the word such as superman and ultraman.In my childish heart it is very cool.When I was in primary school ,I had a dream.I hope that I won’t have homework so that I can do what I like in my free time.But the time I can paly become less and less because I have more and more homework to do.And to the junior high school,after I read many novels.I admire novel writers like Hemingway and Mark Twain very much.I thought they are so great to write so good novels.I also writern a novel about ninja.I had a dream that many people may like my novel and I can become a good novel writer one day.When I enter high school ,my dream become reality which is entering a good university.Like many common students I study hard to realize my dream.With the dream, chase turned up, with the goal, power turned up.Dream, is a high bridge, regardless of whether it can reach the other shore。To process dreams and to pursue them, try to make them come true ,this is a kind of success, a kind of glory.In the process of the pursuit of dreams ,we are growing up！