TED演讲 性格的迷思--你究竟是谁English（共五则）

第一篇：TED演讲 性格的迷思--你究竟是谁English

TED演讲【性格的迷思--你究竟是谁】

0:12 What an intriguing group of individuals you are...to a psychologist.0:19 I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other.And I think it's fair to say, already, that there are 47 people in this audience, at this moment, displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.0:43 And I thought you might like to know who you are.0:48 But instead of pointing at you, which would be gratuitous and intrusive, I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories, in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.1:01 I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology, which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.And what we try to do, in our own way, is to make sense of how each of us--each of you--is, in certain respects, like all other people, like some other people and like no other person.1:33 Now, already you may be saying of yourself, “I'm not intriguing.I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere.” Or you may say of yourself, “I am intriguing, even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit.” 1:56(Laughter)1:57 But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent “twitiness” that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.So let me explain why this is so.2:11 One of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology, and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed, and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.They spell out the acronym OCEAN.So, “O” stands for “open to experience,” versus those who are more closed.“C” stands for “conscientiousness,” in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.“E”--“extroversion,” in contrast to more introverted people.“A”--“agreeable individuals,” in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.And “N”--“neurotic individuals,” in contrast to those who are more stable.3:03 All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being, for how our life goes.And so we know that, for example, openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success, but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and, occasionally, odd.The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines, to persevering, as well as having some passion.Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people.Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow.4:01 Did you know that? Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them.4:18 Those are the extroverts.4:20 Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.First, our biogenic nature--our neurophysiology.Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.And third, what makes you individually you--idiosyncratic--what I call your “idiogenic” nature.4:52 Let me explain.One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED--you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.They all gather together.And I've seen you.The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation--and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial.It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.5:41 Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, “I really need a cup of coffee,” they're not kidding--they really do.Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in--and they've had some coffee--if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.But it's a misconstrual.6:18 So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point.I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse, although I may not have time.And so, if you would like me to--yes, you would? OK.6:40 There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female;introvert, extrovert.So I ask you: How many times per minute--oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study –

7:01 How many times per month do introverted men engage in the act? 3.0.Extroverted men? More or less? Yes, more.5.5--almost twice as much.Introverted women: 3.1.Extroverted women? Frankly, speaking as an introverted male, which I will explain later--they are heroic.7.5.They not only handle all the male extroverts, they pick up a few introverts as well.7:47 We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.Extroverts, when they interact, want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.They like to have a lot of eye contact, or mutual gaze.We found in some research that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.So when an extrovert meets a Charles, it rapidly becomes “Charlie,” and then “Chuck,” and then “Chuckles Baby.” 8:22 Whereas for introverts, it remains “Charles,” until he's given a pass to be more intimate by the person he's talking to.We speak differently.Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.Introverts prefer--and I must again tell you that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine--we speak differently.We prefer contextually complex, contingent, weasel-word sentences – 9:02 More or less.9:05 As it were.9:08 Not to put too fine a point upon it--like that.9:12 When we talk, we sometimes talk past each other.I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.First, his name is Tom.Mine isn't.9:28 Secondly, he's six foot five.I have a tendency not to be.9:33 And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.I am seriously introverted.I overload so much, I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon and expect to sleep in the evening.9:49 We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me, “What do you make of Michael?” Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.He spoke in classic “extrovert-ese.” And here is how extroverted earsheard what I said, which is actually pretty accurate.I said, “Well Michael does have a tendency at times of behaving in a way that some of us might see as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for.” 10:32 Tom rolled his eyes and he said, “Brian, that's what I said: he's an asshole!” 10:44 Now, as an introvert, I might gently allude to certain “asshole” qualities in this man's behavior, but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.10:58 But the extrovert says, “If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one.” And we go past each other.11:04 Now is this something that we should be heedful of? Of course.It's important that we know this.Is that all we are? Are we just a bunch of traits? No, we're not.Remember, you're like some other people and like no other person.How about that idiosyncratic you? As Elizabeth or as George, you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior, or Georgian of yours, that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits? That make us love you? Not just because you're a certain type of person.11:54 I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.So what is it that makes us different? It's the doings that we have in our life--the personal projects.You have a personal project right now, but nobody may know it here.It relates to your kid--you've been back three times to the hospital, and they still don't know what's wrong.Or it could be your mom.And you'd been acting out of character.These are free traits.You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital, to get something for your mom or your child.12:44 What are these free traits? They're where we enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives.And they are what matters.Don't ask people what type you are;ask them, “What are your core projects in your life?” And we enact those free traits.I'm an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess.I'm a professor.And I adore my students, and I adore my field.And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting, what I can't wait to tell them about.And so I act in an extroverted way, because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.13:35 But we need to be very careful when we act protractedly out of character.Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior, I need to repair somewhere on my own.As Susan Cain said in her “Quiet” book, in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor who was teaching at the time at Harvard, I sometimes go to the men's room to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.14:13 I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle, trying to avoid overstimulation.And a real extrovert came in beside me--not right in my cubicle, but in the next cubicle over--and I could hear various evacuatory noises, which we hate--even our own, that's why we flush during as well as after.14:39 And then I heard this gravelly voice saying, “Hey, is that Dr.Little?” 14:49 If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john.14:59 That's where I'm going now.Don't follow me.15:03 Thank you.

第二篇：【心理分析】TED演讲：性格的迷思,你究竟是谁？

http://www.xiexiebang.com/ 【心理分析】TED演讲：性格的迷思，你究竟是谁？

我是谁? 我真的了解自己吗? 相信看过成龙电影《我是谁》的可能也会问出来这样一个问题!在现实中你是不是也会有过这样的奇思妙想：我其实并不是真的我，我的记忆被删去，现在我只是被植入了某些固定的记忆，就像是《逃出克隆岛》一样!什么是真实的自己？怎样才叫做自己？

这里小编为大家推荐三个与“做自己”有关的精彩心理学演讲。

一、如何认识自我？

第一个演讲，题目叫：性格的迷思，你究竟是谁？ 演讲者Brian Little 博士是国际知名的人格和动机心理学领域的学者。他对日常个人项目和“自由特质”对生活的影响的开创性研究，已成为解释和促进人类繁荣的一个重要途径。

Brian教授目前在剑桥大学心理学系的社会生态学研究小组的主任。他也隶属于剑桥大学贾奇商学院和剑桥大学心理测量中心。他著有《Me, Myself, and Us: The Science of Personality and the Art of Well-Being》

他希望能给每个人“解码”：

“We try to make sense of how each of us — each of you — is in some respects like all other people, like some other people and like no other person.”

接着就一起来看看Brian教授能给我们带来怎样的关于认识自我的演讲!五个维度，划分了每个人的不同性格

他说，在心理学家眼中，人的特质有五个维度Free Traits；自由特性，这是一个人真正重要的东西。

所以，真正要了解一个人，不要仅仅问 “你是什么性格类型？” 而是要盯着他的眼睛，轻轻地问他，“你生命中核心的东西是什么？” 的确，我们对自我的认知，往往是从分析自己的性格、特质开始的。看完这个演讲，如果你和我一样，会对怎么看待自己的特质有更多的了解，但是也会想到一个问题：我的身体，我的性格，我的行为，这一切的集合，是不是就是我本身？

二、现在的我是真正的我吗？我是一成不变的么？

回答这个问题，我们要看第二个演讲，题目叫：Is there a real you?-真实的你存在吗？

演讲者是Julian Baggini，《哲学家杂志》（The Philosophers’ Magazine）的创始人。

Julian Baggini 是一位英国很有名的当代哲学家，他也做了不少关于“自我”的研究，2011年于受到 TED邀请做了一个非常不同寻常的演讲，非常精彩。

真实的你存在吗？

这看起来是个很奇怪的问题，真我当然存在了。我们终其一生，就是为了寻找真实的自我，挖掘自身存在的潜能啊。风靡社会的星座占卜学，性格分析测试，无不是在帮助我们寻找真实的自我。

可是哲学家Julian Baggini却给了我们另一种答案：如果说真我是一种内在的，永恒不变的特质，那么这种观点是错的。我们本身并没有任何一种内在的核心的特质主导认知，我们每个人都是由自己的各个部分结合起来而成的，我们的记忆、欲望、意愿、直觉等等，这些交错、叠加，互相作用，才构成了我们这样的个体，我们的单个行为构成了我们的记忆，我们的记忆形成了我们对世界的认知。

他举了两个例子，水，是由氢和痒组成的；手表，是由有表盘、指针、电池组成的，我们能很清楚的认识到这些事物是由各个元素组成，而不是水和手表本身存在，而这些组成部分是它们的核心。

我们人类又怎么会有什么不同呢？ 真实的自己，并不是等着你去发现的什么东西，你不是在灵魂中寻找那个真实的自己。你或多或少正在做的，其实是在创造真实的自己。

他希望能传递这样的信息：我们需要做的就是认为我们自己是可以塑造，规划，并不断改变的事物。佛说： “水人调船，弓匠调角，巧匠调木，智者调身。” 这正是我要传

http://www.xiexiebang.com/ 达给你们的理念，你无须寻找真实的自己，也许这是个永远无法解开的谜。即便存在真实的自己，你也需要一边发掘，一边创造。

这是一种自由释放性的，非常的令人振奋的观点。演讲有点长，大家可以分两次来听，耐心听完，一定会受益匪浅。

三、怎样才能成为自己呢？

也许我们要继续看一看演讲三：《认识自己与成为自己—心理分析与探索心灵之旅》 演讲者是申荷永教授，是今年东方心理分析研究院献给大家新春公益演讲的主题。以下是演讲语录：

到底什么是心理学？

作为学生，我翻开大英百科全书，找到其中心理学的词条，其中这样写道“在遥远的古希腊，有德尔菲神殿，那里存放着无数的石碑，由于年代久远，上面刻的文字都渐渐失去了，但仍然有一块石碑上的文字依稀可辨：人认识你自己。”这个词条的作者接着说“就是这样一句话，经过漫漫几千年的演变，形成了我们今天的心理学。”读到这里的时候我也是心潮澎湃。心理学的缘起及本来的意义是为了让我们认识自己。

认识自己有什么意义呢？

老子曰：知人者智，自知者明。于是，我们知道人贵有自知之明。

兵法云：知己知彼，百战不怠。于是，我们知道知己原来如此重要，决胜千里，生死攸关。

很多年前，当克林顿还担任美国总统，希拉里还是第一夫人的时候，美国心理学会的主席叫福勒，他前往白宫，拜访克林顿夫妇，他们大概有一个下午的谈话。临别之前，福勒先生作为一位心理学家，留给克林顿一个心理学的武功秘籍，这武功秘籍可用这样的公式来表达：成功=认识自己（自我认识）+动机。不管我们怎么评价成功，不管我们各自成功的目标如何，如果你想获得成功，那么认识自己都是其中的关键；动机，也正是我们精神分析和分析心理学的关键，叫动力心理学。

所以，我刚才讲的故事，当然一半也是借用了金庸先生的武功秘籍。据说爱斯坦的公式，E=mc2，其中包含的正是他所寄托的，刚才讲到的，他遗言中的“爱的力量”，其中也是一种心理学，即成功=认识自己+你的动力。

如何才能获得真正的自我认识呢？

自我认识，也被称为自我知识。我们每个人都必须自己去面对斯芬克斯的拷问，独自去回答斯芬克斯的谜语。大家可能会知道这个流传已久的故事，所有的心理学家、科学家、哲学家，他们的目标尽管不同，但他们都试着去回答斯芬克斯的谜语——揭开斯芬克斯之谜。

大家可能知道，传说中的斯芬克斯将德尔菲神殿的箴言化作了一段谜语，提问所有经过的人类。谜语是这样说的：有个东西，早晨四条腿，中午两条腿，晚上三条腿，这是什么？斯芬克斯，大家也不陌生，大家可以看到金字塔前面的大斯芬克斯。如果去到了希腊的德尔菲神殿，进去首先就是要面对斯芬克斯。

斯芬克斯会提问你，会拷问你：你认识你自己吗？那么斯芬克斯是“认识你自己”这句神的箴言的守护者，我们每个人都必须独自面对他，来回答他的谜语，才有机会去接触那块刻着神圣箴言的石头。

获得真正的自我认识，方法何在？

要经历痛苦！在这个刻有“认识自己”的石头背后，据说是宙斯当年留下一句话，英文是这样说的“The Suffering, The Knowledge”，经历苦难来获得自我认识。就是说你要想

http://www.xiexiebang.com/ 获得自我认识，想认识自己，必须通过苦难。就像慧能法师，我很喜欢他，慧能法师的教诲是“烦恼即菩提”。

我在《洗心岛之梦》一本书中提到过我小时候的一个故事：我很小的时候，我的启蒙老师告诉我，生活犹如一根棍子，当你拿起它，一边是幸福，一边是痛苦，你需要同时面对，你不可能只捡起幸福而逃避痛苦。你要有勇气同时面对幸福与痛苦。

这个故事中也包含了我们心理分析的观点：“执其两端，而用其中。” “执其两端用其中”源于我们中国的十六字心经，这十六字心经说的是尧舜禹代代相传的心法叫“人心惟危，道心惟微，惟精惟一，允执厥中”。“人心惟危”用的是危险的“危”，“道心惟微”用的是微妙的“微”，“执其两端用其中”的“中”就是我们中医的“中”，就是我们中国人的“中”，非同寻常。

今天，东方心理成长和大家分享这三个关于“认识自我”的演讲，无论是对于我们自己，还是对于我们怎么看待孩子的成长和教育，也许都会有帮助。

你或许听过功夫之王李小龙的一段名言。虽然 Be Yourself 是一句不太容易理解的话，对“自我”的定义也存在很多说法，但是最终，我们还是要成为自己。

电影《功夫熊猫》三部, 也是一步一步的引导我们过自己的人生，找到自己, 做自己,你就是成功的。

第三篇：TED演讲——内向性格的力量

When I was 9 years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time.And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do, because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social.You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventure land inside your own mind.And I had this idea that camp was going just like this, but better.I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.And on the very first day, our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing everyday for the test of the summer to instill camp spirit.And it went like this: R-O-W-D-I-E, that‟s the way we spell rowdy.Rowdy, rowdy, let‟s get rowdy.Yeah.So I couldn‟t figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly, but I recited a cheer.I recited a cheer along with everybody else.I did my best.And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books, but the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, “Why are you being so mellow? “Mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of “R-O-W-D-I-E”.And then the second time I tired it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point

about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.And I felt kind of guilty about this.I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they are calling out to me and I was forsaking them, but I did forsake them and I didn‟t open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.I could have told you 50 other just like it, all the time that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were, but for years I denied this intuition, and so I become a Wall Street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that I had always longed to be, partly because I needed to prove myself that I could be bold and assertive too.And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasn‟t even aware that I was making them.Now this is what many introverts do, and it‟s our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues‟ loss and our communities‟ loss.And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the

world‟s loss, because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best.A third to a half of the population is introverts, a third to a half.So that‟s one out of every two or three people you know.So even if you‟re an extrovert yourself, you know I‟ talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now, all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society.We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we‟re doing.Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is.And it‟s different from being shy.Shyness is about fear of social judgment.Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation.So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched on and their most capable when they‟re in quiet, more low-key environments.Not all the time, you know these things aren‟t absolute, but a lot of the time.So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.But now here‟s where the bias comes in.Our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts, and for extroverts‟ need for lots of stimulation.And also we are living through this belief system.We have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink, which

holds that all creativity and all productivity come from a very oddly gregarious place.So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school, we sat in rows.You know, we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously, but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks, four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.And kids are working in countless group assignments.Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think, would depend on solo flights of thought.Kids are now expected to act as committee members.And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often, or worse, as problem cases.And the vast majority of teachers‟ reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.We now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks, which is something we might all favor nowadays.And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they‟re much more

likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they‟re putting their own stamp on things, and other people‟s ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.I‟ll give you some examples.Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi, all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.And they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at.They were there because they had no choice;because they were driven to do what they thought was right.Now I think at this point it‟s important for me to say that I actually love extroverts.I always like to say some of my best friends are extrovert including my beloved husband.And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there‟s no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert.He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all.And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts.And I often think that they have the best of all worlds, but many of us do recognize

ourselves as one type or the other.And what I‟m saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but also have a serious streak of introversion in them.And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.So Darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr.Seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.Now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating, and case in

point is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer, but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.And in the fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.It‟s only recently that we‟ve strangely begun to forget it.If you look at most of the world‟s major religions, you will find seekers, Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad, seeders who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community.So no wildness, no revelations.This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.It turns out that we can‟t even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like which you‟re attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that‟s what you‟re doing.And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there‟s zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas, I mean zero.So……

You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not.And do you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come

together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?

One answer lies deep in our cultural history.Western societies, and in particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and “man” of contemplation, but in America‟s early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like “Character, the Grandest Thing in the World.” And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming.Ralph Waldo Emerson called him” A man who does not offend by superiority.”

But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality.What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business.And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.And instead of working alongside people they‟ve known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism

and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like “how to win friends and influence people”.And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.So that‟s the world we„re living in today.That‟s our cultural inheritance.Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and I‟m also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust.And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together.But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.So now I‟d like to share with you what‟s in my suitcase today.Guess what? Books.I have a suitcase full of books.Here‟s Margaret Atwood, “Cat‟s Eye.” Here‟s a novel by Milan Kundera.And here‟s” the guide for the perplexed” by Maimonides.But these are not exactly my books.I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather‟s favorite authors.My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower, who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up，partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books.I mean literally every table;every chair in his apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.Just like the rest of my family, my grandfather‟s favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.He would take the fruits of each week‟s reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.And people would come from all over to hear him speak.But here‟s the thing about my grandfather.Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted, so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.And even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.And so these days I try to learn from my grand father‟s example in my own way.So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about 7 years to write.And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because I was reading, I was writing, I was

thinking, I was researching.It was my version of my grandfather‟s hours of the day alone in his library.But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion.And that‟s a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get.And I call this my “year of speaking dangerously.” And that actually helped a lot.But I‟ll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.I mean, we are.And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.No.1, stop the madness for constant group works.Just stop it.And I want to be clear about what I‟m saying, because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty café-style types of interactions, you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.That is great.It‟s great for introverts and it‟s great for extroverts.But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work.School, same thing.We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure，but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.This is especially important for extroverted children too.They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.Okay, no.2, go to the wilderness.Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.I‟m not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.No.3, take a good look at what‟s inside your own suitcase and why you put it there.So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books.Or maybe they‟re full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy.But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what‟s inside your own suitcase.And that‟s okay.But occasionally, just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and in needs the things you carry.So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.Thank you very much.

第四篇：TED演讲英文演讲稿：内向性格的力量

TED演讲英文演讲稿：内向性格的力量

when i was nine years old i went off to summer camp for the first time.and my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.and this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social.you have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind.and i had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better.(laughter)i had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.(laughter)

camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.and on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.and it went like this: “r-o-w-d-i-e, that's the way we spell rowdie.rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie.” yeah.so i couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.(laughter)but i recited a cheer.i recited a cheer along with everybody else.i did my best.and i just waited for the time that i could go off and read my books.but the first time that i took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, “why are you being so mellow?”--mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e.and then the second time i tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.and so i put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.and i felt kind of guilty about this.i felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and i was forsaking them.but i did forsake them and i didn't open that suitcase again until i was back home with my family at the end of the summer.now, i tell you this story about summer camp.i could have told you 50 others just like it--all the times that i got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that i should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.and i always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.but for years i denied this intuition, and so i became a wall street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be--partly because i needed to prove to myself that i could be bold and assertive too.and i was always going off to crowded bars when i really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.and i made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that i wasn't even aware that i was making them.now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss.and at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best.a third to a half of the population are introverts--a third to a half.so that's one out of every two or three people you know.so even if you're an extrovert yourself, i'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now--all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society.we all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is.it's different from being shy.shyness is about fear of social judgment.introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation.so extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.not all the time--these things aren't absolute--but a lot of the time.so the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.but now here's where the bias comes in.our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.and also we have this belief system right now that i call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going to school, we sat in rows.we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks--four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.and kids are working in countless group assignments.even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members.and for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases.and the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.(laughter)

okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks--which is something we might all favor nowadays.and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton school has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.i'll give you some examples.eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi--all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.and they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.and this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.now i think at this point it's important for me to say that i actually love extroverts.i always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband.and we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.even carl jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert.he said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all.and some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts.and i often think that they have the best of all worlds.but many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.and what i'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.we need more of a yin and yang between these two types.this is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.so darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.theodor geisel, better known as dr.seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in la jolla, california.and he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time.and he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating--and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs to start apple computer--but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.and in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.it's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.if you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers--moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad--seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community.so no wilderness, no revelations.this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.it turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.and groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas--i mean zero.so...(laughter)you might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not.and do you really want to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? one answer lies deep in our cultural history.western societies, and in particular the , have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and “man” of contemplation.but in america's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.and if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like “character, the grandest thing in the world.” and they featured role models like abraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming.ralph waldo emerson called him “a man who does not offend by superiority.”

but then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality.what happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business.and so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.and instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.so, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.and sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like “how to win friends and influence people.” and they feature as their role models really great salesmen.so that's the world we're living in today.that's our cultural inheritance.now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and i'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.the same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust.and the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together.but i am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.so now i'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today.guess what? books.i have a suitcase full of books.here's margaret atwood, “cat's eye.” here's a novel by milan kundera.and here's “the guide for the perplexed” by maimonides.but these are not exactly my books.i brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.my grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when i was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books.i mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.but he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.he would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.and people would come from all over to hear him speak.but here's the thing about my grandfather.underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted--so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.and even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.but when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.and so these days i try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.so i just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write.and for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i was reading, i was writing, i was thinking, i was researching.it was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.but now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion.(laughter)and that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as i am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.so i prepared for moments like these as best i could.i spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance i could get.and i call this my “year of speaking dangerously.”(laughter)and that actually helped a lot.but i'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.i mean, we are.and so i am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.number one: stop the madness for constant group work.just stop it.(laughter)thank you.(applause)and i want to be clear about what i'm saying, because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions--you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.that is great.it's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.but we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work.school, same thing.we need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.this is especially important for extroverted children too.they need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.okay, number two: go to the wilderness.be like buddha, have your own revelations.i'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but i am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.number three: take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there.so extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books.or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.whatever it is, i hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy.but introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase.and that's okay.but occasionally, just occasionally, i hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.so i wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.thank you very much.(applause)

thank you.thank you.

第五篇：The-power-of-introverts-内向性格的力量-Ted演讲中英文

The power of introverts

When I went off to summer camp for the first time.And when I took my book out of my suitcase, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.And so I put my books away, and put them under my bed.All the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, Because when it comes to creativity , we need introverts doing what they do best.A third to a half of the population are introverts--a third to a half.So that's one out of every two or three people you know.So even if you're an extrovert yourself, I'm talking about your coworkers and your feiends and your relative and the person sitting next to you right now--all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society.We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.Now in fact, some of our leaders in history have been introverts.Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.当我第一次把书从行李箱中拿出来的时候 我们的顾问满脸忧虑的向我走了过来 接着她重复了关于“露营精神”的要点 并且说我们都应当努力 去变得外向些.于是我放好我的书 放回了属于它们的行李箱中

2:30 每当我感觉到这样的时候 它告诉我出于某种原因，我的宁静和内向的风格 并不是正确道路上的必需品 我应该更多地尝试一个外向者的角色 而在我内心深处感觉得到，这是错误的 内向的人们都是非常优秀的.3:18 这就是很多内向的人正在做的事情 这当然是我们的损失 因为当涉及创造和领导的时候 我们需要内向的人做到最好 三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的--三分之一到二分之一 你要知道这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的 所以即使你自己是一个外向的人 我正在说你的同事 和你的配偶和你的孩子 还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙--他们都要屈从于这样的偏见 一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的现实偏见 我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处 甚至都不说几句话，关于我们正在做的事情 6:47 事实上，历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑 一个人独自坐在他的机柜旁 在他当时工作的惠普公司 并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家 但他还没因太内向到要离开那里 那个他成长起来的地方 11:02 如果说现在这一切都是真的 那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论？

为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚 对于他们只是想要离开，一个人独处一段时间的事实？ 18:32 所以对于你们即将走上的所有旅程，我都给予你们我最美好的祝愿 还有温柔地说话的勇气