第一篇：TED：我们为什么快乐？
When you have 21 minutes to speak, two million years seems like a really long time.But evolutionarily, two million years is nothing.And yet in two million years the human brain has nearly tripled in mass, going from the one-and-a-quarter pound brain of our ancestor here, Habilis, to the almost three-pound meatloaf that everybody here has between their ears.What is it about a big brain that nature was so eager for every one of us to have one?
Well, it turns out when brains triple in size, they don't just get three times bigger;they gain new structures.And one of the main reasons our brain got so big is because it got a new part, called the “frontal lobe.” And particularly, a part called the “pre-frontal cortex.” Now what does a pre-frontal cortex do for you that should justify the entire architectural overhaul of the human skull in the blink of evolutionary time?
Well, it turns out the pre-frontal cortex does lots of things, but one of the most important things it does is it is an experience simulator.Flight pilots practice in flight simulators so that they don't make real mistakes in planes.Human beings have this marvelous adaptation that they can actually have experiences in their heads before they try them out in real life.This is a trick that none of our ancestors could do, and that no other animal can do quite like we can.It's a marvelous adaptation.It's up there with opposable thumbs and standing upright and language as one of the things that got our species out of the trees and into the shopping mall.Now--(Laughter)--all of you have done this.I mean, you know, Ben and Jerry's doesn't have liver-and-onion ice cream, and it's not because they whipped some up, tried it and went, “Yuck.” It's because, without leaving your armchair, you can simulate that flavor and say “yuck” before you make it.Let's see how your experience simulators are working.Let's just run a quick diagnostic before I proceed with the rest of the talk.Here's two different futures that I invite you to contemplate, and you can try to simulate them and tell me which one you think you might prefer.One of them is winning the lottery.This is about 314 million dollars.And the other is becoming paraplegic.So, just give it a moment of thought.You probably don't feel like you need a moment of thought.Interestingly, there are data on these two groups of people, data on how happy they are.And this is exactly what you expected, isn't it? But these aren't the data.I made these up!
These are the data.You failed the pop quiz, and you're hardly five minutes into the lecture.Because the fact is that a year after losing the use of their legs, and a year after winning the lotto, lottery winners and paraplegics are equally happy with their lives.Now, don't feel too bad about failing the first pop quiz, because everybody fails all of the pop quizzes all of the time.The research that my laboratory has been doing, that economists and psychologists around the country have been doing, have revealed something really quite startling to us, something we call the “impact bias,” which is the tendency for the simulator to work badly.For the simulator to make you believe that different outcomes are more different than in fact they really are.From field studies to laboratory studies, we see that winning or losing an election, gaining or losing a romantic partner, getting or not getting a promotion, passing or not passing a college test, on and on, have far less impact, less intensity and much less duration than people expect them to have.In fact, a recent study--this almost floors me--a recent study showing how major life traumas affect people suggests that if it happened over three months ago, with only a few exceptions, it has no impact whatsoever on your happiness.Why? Because happiness can be synthesized.Sir Thomas Brown wrote in 1642, “I am the happiest man alive.I have that in me that can convert poverty to riches, adversity to prosperity.I am more invulnerable than Achilles;fortune hath not one place to hit me.” What kind of remarkable machinery does this guy have in his head?
Well, it turns out it's precisely the same remarkable machinery that all off us have.Human beings have something that we might think of as a “psychological immune system.” A system of cognitive processes, largely non-conscious cognitive processes, that help them change their views of the world, so that they can feel better about the worlds in which they find themselves.Like Sir Thomas, you have this machine.Unlike Sir Thomas, you seem not to know it.(Laughter)
We synthesize happiness, but we think happiness is a thing to be found.Now, you don't need me to give you too many examples of people synthesizing happiness, I suspect.Though I'm going to show you some experimental evidence, you don't have to look very far for evidence.As a challenge to myself, since I say this once in a while in lectures, I took a copy of the New York Times and tried to find some instances of people synthesizing happiness.And here are three guys synthesizing happiness.“I am so much better off physically, financially, emotionally, mentally and almost every other way.” “I don't have one minute's regret.It was a glorious experience.” “I believe it turned out for the best.”
Who are these characters who are so damn happy? Well, the first one is Jim Wright.Some of you are old enough to remember: he was the chairman of the House of Representatives and he resigned in disgrace when this young Republican named Newt Gingrich found out about a shady book deal he had done.He lost everything.The most powerful Democrat in the country, he lost everything.He lost his money;he lost his power.What does he have to say all these years later about it? “I am so much better off physically, financially, mentally and in almost every other way.” What other way would there be to be better off? Vegetably?Minerally?Animally? He's pretty much covered them there.MoreeseBickham is somebody you've never heard of.MoreeseBickham uttered these words upon being released.He was 78 years old.He spent 37 years in a Louisiana State Penitentiary for a crime he didn't commit.He was ultimately exonerated, at the age of 78, through DNA evidence.And what did he have to say about his experience? “I don't have one minute's regret.It was a glorious experience.” Glorious!This guy is not saying, “Well, you know, there were some nice guys.They had a gym.” It's “glorious,” a word we usually reserve for something like a religious experience.Harry S.Langerman uttered these words, and he's somebody you might have known but didn't, because in 1949 he read a little article in the paper about a hamburger stand owned by these two brothers named McDonalds.And he thought, “That's a really neat idea!” So he went to find them.They said, “We can give you a franchise on this for 3,000 bucks.” Harry went back to New York, asked his brother who's an investment banker to loan him the 3,000 dollars, and his brother's immortal words were, “You idiot, nobody eats hamburgers.” He wouldn't lend him the money, and of course six months later Ray Croc had exactly the same idea.It turns out people do eat hamburgers, and Ray Croc, for a while, became the richest man in America.And then finally--you know, the best of all possible worlds--some of you recognize this young photo of Pete Best, who was the original drummer for the Beatles, until they, you know, sent him out on an errand and snuck away and picked up Ringo on a tour.Well, in 1994, when Pete Best was interviewed--yes, he's still a drummer;yes, he's a studio musician--he had this to say: “I'm happier than I would have been with the Beatles.”
Okay.There's something important to be learned from these people, and it is the secret of happiness.Here it is, finally to be revealed.First: accrue wealth, power, and prestige, then lose it.(Laughter)Second: spend as much of your life in prison as you possibly can.(Laughter)Third: make somebody else really, really rich.(Laughter)And finally: never ever join the Beatles.(Laughter)
OK.Now I, like Ze Frank, can predict your next thought, which is, “Yeah, right.” Because when people synthesize happiness, as these gentlemen seem to have done, we all smile at them, but we kind of roll our eyes and say, “Yeah right, you never really wanted the job.” “Oh yeah, right.You really didn't have that much in common with her, and you figured that out just about the time she threw the engagement ring in your face.”
We smirk because we believe that synthetic happiness is not of the same quality as what we might call “natural happiness.” What are these terms? Natural happiness is what we get when we get what we wanted, and synthetic happiness is what we make when we don't get what we wanted.And in our society, we have a strong belief that synthetic happiness is of an inferior kind.Why do we have that belief? Well, it's very simple.What kind of economic engine would keep churning if we believed that not getting what we want could make us just as happy as getting it?
With all apologies to my friend MatthieuRicard, a shopping mall full of Zen monks is not going to be particularly profitable because they don't want stuff enough.I want to suggest to you that synthetic happiness is every bit as real and enduring as the kind of happiness you stumble upon when you get exactly what you were aiming for.Now, I'm a scientist, so I'm going to do this not with rhetoric, but by marinating you in a little bit of data.Let me first show you an experimental paradigm that is used to demonstrate the synthesis of happiness among regular old folks.And this isn't mine.This is a 50-year-old paradigm called the “free choice paradigm.” It's very simple.You bring in, say, six objects, and you ask a subject to rank them from the most to the least liked.In this case, because the experiment I'm going to tell you about uses them, these are Monet prints.So, everybody can rank these Monet prints from the one they like the most, to the one they like the least.Now we give you a choice: “We happen to have some extra prints in the closet.We're going to give you one as your prize to take home.We happen to have number three and number four,” we tell the subject.This is a bit of a difficult choice, because neither one is preferred strongly to the other, but naturally, people tend to pick number three because they liked it a little better than number four.Sometime later--it could be 15 minutes;it could be 15 days--the same stimuli are put before the subject, and the subject is asked to re-rank the stimuli.“Tell us how much you like them now.” What happens? Watch as happiness is synthesized.This is the result that has been replicated over and over again.You're watching happiness be synthesized.Would you like to see it again? Happiness!“The one I got is really better than I thought!That other one I didn't get sucks!”(Laughter)That's the synthesis of happiness.Now what's the right response to that? “Yeah, right!” Now, here's the experiment we did, and I would hope this is going to convince you that “Yeah, right!” was not the right response.We did this experiment with a group of patients who had anterograde amnesia.These are hospitalized patients.Most of them have Korsakoff's syndrome, a polyneuritic psychosis that--they drank way too much, and they can't make new memories.OK? They remember their childhood, but if you walk in and introduce yourself, and then leave the room, when you come back, they don't know who you are.We took our Monet prints to the hospital.And we asked these patients to rank them from the one they liked the most to the one they liked the least.We then gave them the choice between number three and number four.Like everybody else, they said, “Gee, thanks Doc!That's great!I could use a new print.I'll take number three.” We explained we would have number three mailed to them.We gathered up our materials and we went out of the room, and counted to a half hour.Back into the room, we say, “Hi, we're back.” The patients, bless them, say, “Ah, Doc, I'm sorry, I've got a memory problem;that's why I'm here.If I've met you before, I don't remember.” “Really, Jim, you don't remember? I was just here with the Monet prints?” “Sorry, Doc, I just don't have a clue.” “No problem, Jim.All I want you to do is rank these for me from the one you like the most to the one you like the least.”
What do they do? Well, let's first check and make sure they're really amnesiac.We ask these amnesiac patients to tell us which one they own, which one they chose last time, which one is theirs.And what we find is amnesiac patients just guess.These are normal controls, where if I did this with you, all of you would know which print you chose.But if I do this with amnesiac patients, they don't have a clue.They can't pick their print out of a lineup.Here's what normal controls do: they synthesize happiness.Right? This is the change in liking score, the change from the first time they ranked to the second time they ranked.Normal controls show--that was the magic I showed you;now I'm showing it to you in graphical form--“The one I own is better than I thought.The one I didn't own, the one I left behind, is not as good as I thought.” Amnesiacs do exactly the same thing.Think about this result.These people like better the one they own, but they don't know they own it.“Yeah, right” is not the right response!What these people did when they synthesized happiness is they really, truly changed their affective, hedonic, aesthetic reactions to that poster.They're not just saying it because they own it, because they don't know they own it.Now, when psychologists show you bars, you know that they are showing you averages of lots of people.And yet, all of us have this psychological immune system, this capacity to synthesize happiness, but some of us do this trick better than others.And some situations allow anybody to do it more effectively than other situations do.It turns out that freedom--the ability to make up your mind and change your mind--is the friend of natural happiness, because it allows you to choose among all those delicious futures and find the one that you would most enjoy.But freedom to choose--to change and make up your mind--is the enemy of synthetic happiness.And I'm going to show you why.Dilbert already knows, of course.You're reading the cartoon as I'm talking.“Dogbert's tech support.How may I abuse you?” “My printer prints a blank page after every document.” “Why would you complain about getting free paper?” “Free? Aren't you just giving me my own paper?” “Egad, man!Look at the quality of the free paper compared to your lousy regular paper!Only a fool or a liar would say that they look the same!” “Ah!Now that you mention it, it does seem a little silkier!” “What are you doing?” “I'm helping people accept the things they cannot change.” Indeed.The psychological immune system works best when we are totally stuck, when we are trapped.This is the difference between dating and marriage, right? I mean, you go out on a date with a guy, and he picks his nose;you don't go out on another date.You're married to a guy and he picks his nose? Yeah, he has a heart of gold;don't touch the fruitcake.Right?(Laughter)You find a way to be happy with what's happened.Now what I want to show you is that people don't know this about themselves, and not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage.Here's an experiment we did at Harvard.We created a photography course, a black-and-white photography course, and we allowed students to come in and learn how to use a darkroom.So we gave them cameras;they went around campus;they took 12 pictures of their favorite professors and their dorm room and their dog, and all the other things they wanted to have Harvard memories of.They bring us the camera;we make up a contact sheet;they figure out which are the two best pictures;and we now spend six hours teaching them about darkrooms.And they blow two of them up, and they have two gorgeous eight-by-10 glossies of meaningful things to them, and we say, “Which one would you like to give up?” They say, “I have to give one up?” “Oh, yes.We need one as evidence of the class project.So you have to give me one.You have to make a choice.You get to keep one, and I get to keep one.”
Now, there are two conditions in this experiment.In one case, the students are told, “But you know, if you want to change your mind, I'll always have the other one here, and in the next four days, before I actually mail it to headquarters, I'll be glad to”--(Laughter)--yeah, “headquarters”--“I'll be glad to swap it out with you.In fact, I'll come to your dorm room and give--just give me an email.Better yet, I'll check with you.You ever want to change your mind, it's totally returnable.” The other half of the students are told exactly the opposite: “Make your choice.And by the way, the mail is going out, gosh, in two minutes, to England.Your picture will be winging its way over the Atlantic.You will never see it again.” Now, half of the students in each of these conditions are asked to make predictions about how much they're going to come to like the picture that they keep and the picture they leave behind.Other students are just sent back to their little dorm rooms and they are measured over the next three to six days on their liking, satisfaction with the pictures.And look at what we find.First of all, here's what students think is going to happen.They think they're going to maybe come to like the picture they chose a little more than the one they left behind, but these are not statistically significant differences.It's a very small increase, and it doesn't much matter whether they were in the reversible or irreversible condition.Wrong-o.Bad simulators.Because here's what's really happening.Both right before the swap and five days later, people who are stuck with that picture, who have no choice, who can never change their mind, like it a lot!And people who are deliberating--“Should I return it? Have I gotten the right one? Maybe this isn't the good one? Maybe I left the good one?”--have killed themselves.They don't like their picture, and in fact even after the opportunity to swap has expired, they still don't like their picture.Why? Because the reversible condition is not conducive to the synthesis of happiness.So here's the final piece of this experiment.We bring in a whole new group of naive Harvard students and we say, “You know, we're doing a photography course, and we can do it one of two ways.We could do it so that when you take the two pictures, you'd have four days to change your mind, or we're doing another course where you take the two pictures and you make up your mind right away and you can never change it.Which course would you like to be in?” Duh!66 percent of the students, two-thirds, prefer to be in the course where they have the opportunity to change their mind.Hello? 66 percent of the students choose to be in the course in which they will ultimately be deeply dissatisfied with the picture.Because they do not know the conditions under which synthetic happiness grows.The Bard said everything best, of course, and he's making my point here but he's making it hyperbolically: “'Tis nothing good or bad / But thinking makes it so.” It's nice poetry, but that can't exactly be right.Is there really nothing good or bad? Is it really the case that gall bladder surgery and a trip to Paris are just the same thing? That seems like a one-question IQ test.They can't be exactly the same.In more turgid prose, but closer to the truth, was the father of modern capitalism, Adam Smith, and he said this.This is worth contemplating: “The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life seems to arise from overrating the difference between one permanent situation and another...Some of these situations may, no doubt, deserve to be preferred to others, but none of them can deserve to be pursued with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules either of prudence or of justice, or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds, either by shame from the remembrance of our own folly, or by remorse for the horror of our own injustice.” In other words: yes, some things are better than others.We should have preferences that lead us into one future over another.But when those preferences drive us too hard and too fast because we have overrated the difference between these futures, we are at risk.When our ambition is bounded, it leads us to work joyfully.When our ambition is unbounded, it leads us to lie, to cheat, to steal, to hurt others, to sacrifice things of real value.When our fears are bounded, we're prudent;we're cautious;we're thoughtful.When our fears are unbounded and overblown, we're reckless, and we're cowardly.The lesson I want to leave you with from these data is that our longings and our worries are both to some degree overblown, because we have within us the capacity to manufacture the very commodity we are constantly chasing when we choose experience.Thank you.
第二篇：TED演讲观后感—为什么快乐
TED—Why We Are Happy 观后感
情绪有多种多样，如果非要形容，一天结束我们总可以在快乐和不快乐间做出选择。很多人都自然的把自己的情绪归结于所经历的事，所处的外部环境，几乎没人会想起我们自己才是情绪的制造者。
Doctor发现——Happiness can be synthesized。很多人都认为natural happiness和synthesized happiness中明显后者是次等品，因为前者是我们得到了自己本来就很渴望的事物，而后者是带着笑容面具接受并不使自己十分满意的事物。表面上看，或许natural happiness更胜一筹，但研究表明，synthesized happiness往往更加持久有效。
当大家产生合成快乐的时候，他们是真正的、从心中改变接受了对于这些事物的看法，同时自身审美也在原来基础上发生了变化，只是大家没有意识到合成的快乐在什么时候对自身产生了效果。举个贴近大家的例子，爸爸去哪儿是最近热播的综艺，里面一个重要的环节就是选房子，房子本身的美丑好坏显而易见，前几期宝贝们总会因为选到坏房子而沮丧、苦恼、不平衡，但是经过大人们的引导，他们会渐渐发现其中拥有的“美丽”风景，可能这些本身都只是为了安慰他们的方式，但最后孩子们就会真的会去接受并喜欢上这些房子，甚至到最后几期，他们会明显的取选择这些差房子。天真的宝贝们是不会去考虑节目效果或者观众口评的，他们选择因为他们喜欢。所以说，很多时候美由心生。如果你总是发现身边有太多的不满意，不妨先抹去眼前的尘埃，怀着快乐的心情去看看周围的风景。
Adam Smith（现代资本主义之父）曾说——人生中的悲剧与无序之源，似乎都来自于人们过高地评估某种时局，诚然，某些时局趋势高于人们的追求，但是，不管这种追求有多大的合理性，我们都不可能因为这种痴情的追求而打破谨慎公正的法则，亦或我们未来的心（The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life seems to arise from overrating the difference between one permanent situation and another.Some of these situations may，no doubt，deserve to be preferred to others，but none of them can deserve to be pursued with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules either of prudence or of justice，or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds）。生活中去是存在某些事物比某些事物更有价值，我们也确实应该追求价值更高的事物，但如果我们过分地看重这两种事物之间的区别而过分地追逐我们想要的东西的时候，很可能会因为忽略初心而变得盲目，甚至是牺牲真正有价值的东西而被畏惧所控制，从而变得谨小慎微、患得患失，当这种畏惧积累膨胀时，我们就能会变得或者鲁莽大意，或者单小如鼠。当我们不是无节制的追求，我们反而可以生活得很快乐，我们可以通过选择，或者自己产生出自己不断追求的目标。
第三篇：TED演讲：1000个快乐的理由
TED演讲：1000个快乐的理由
So the Awesome story: It begins about 40 years ago, when my mom and my dad came to Canada.My mom left Nairobi, Kenya.My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar, India.And they got here in the late 1960s.They settled in a shady suburb about an hour east of Toronto, and they settled into a new life.They saw their first dentist, they ate their first hamburger, and they had their first kids.My sister and I grew up here, and we had quiet, happy childhoods.We had close family, good friends, a quiet street.We grew up taking for granted a lot of the things that my parents couldn't take for granted when they grew up--things like power always on in our houses, things like schools across the street and hospitals down the road and popsicles in the backyard.We grew up, and we grew older.I went to high school.I graduated.I moved out of the house, I got a job, I found a girl, I settled down--and I realize it sounds like a bad sitcom or a Cat Stevens' song--
(Laughter)
but life was pretty good.Life was pretty good.2006 was a great year.Under clear blue skies in July in the wine region of Ontario, I got married, surrounded by 150 family and friends.2007 was a great year.I graduated from school, and I went on a road trip with two of my closest friends.Here's a picture of me and my friend, Chris, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.We actually saw seals out of our car window, and we pulled over to take a quick picture of them and then blocked them with our giant heads.(Laughter)So you can't actually see them, but it was breathtaking, believe me.(Laughter)2008 and 2009 were a little tougher.I know that they were tougher for a lot of people, not just me.First of all, the news was so heavy.It's still heavy now, and it was heavy before that, but when you flipped open a newspaper, when you turned on the TV, it was about ice caps melting, wars going on around the world, earthquakes, hurricanes and an economy that was wobbling on the brink of collapse, and then eventually did collapse, and so many of us losing our homes, or our jobs, or our retirements, or our livelihoods.2008, 2009 were heavy years for me for another reason, too.I was going through a lot of personal problems at the time.My marriage wasn't going well, and we just were growing further and further apart.One day my wife came home from work and summoned the courage, through a lot of tears, to have a very honest conversation.And she said, “I don't love you anymore,” and it was one of the most painful things I'd ever heard and certainly the most heartbreaking thing I'd ever heard, until only a month later, when I heard something even more heartbreaking.My friend Chris, who I just showed you a picture of, had been battling mental illness for some time.And for those of you whose lives have been touched by mental illness, you know how challenging it can be.I spoke to him on the phone at 10:30 p.m.on a Sunday night.We talked about the TV show we watched that evening.And Monday morning, I found out that he disappeared.Very sadly, he took his own life.And it was a really heavy time.And as these dark clouds were circling me, and I was finding it really, really difficult to think of anything good, I said to myself that I really needed a way to focus on the positive somehow.So I came home from work one night, and I logged onto the computer, and I started up a tiny website called 1000awesomethings.com.I was trying to remind myself of the simple, universal, little pleasures that we all love, but we just don't talk about enough--things like waiters and waitresses who bring you free refills without asking, being the first table to get called up to the dinner buffet at a wedding, wearing warm underwear from just out of the dryer, or when cashiers open up a new check-out lane at the grocery store and you get to be first in line--even if you were last at the other line, swoop right in there.(Laughter)And slowly over time, I started putting myself in a better mood.I mean, 50,000 blogs are started a day, and so my blog was just one of those 50,000.And nobody read it except for my mom.Although I should say that my traffic did skyrocket and go up by 100 percent when she forwarded it to my dad.(Laughter)And then I got excited when it started getting tens of hits, and then I started getting excited when it started getting dozens and then hundreds and then thousands and then millions.It started getting bigger and bigger and bigger.And then I got a phone call, and the voice at the other end of the line said, “You've just won the Best Blog In the World award.” I was like, that sounds totally fake.(Laughter)(Applause)Which African country do you want me to wire all my money to?(Laughter)But it turns out, I jumped on a plane, and I ended up walking a red carpet between Sarah Silverman and Jimmy Fallon and Martha Stewart.And I went onstage to accept a Webby award for Best Blog.And the surprise and just the amazement of that was only overshadowed by my return to Toronto, when, in my inbox, 10 literary agents were waiting for me to talk about putting this into a book.Flash-forward to the next year and “The Book of Awesome” has now been number one on the bestseller list for 20 straight weeks.(Applause)
But look, I said I wanted to do three things with you today.I said I wanted to tell you the Awesome story, I wanted to share with you the three As of Awesome, and I wanted to leave you with a closing thought.So let's talk about those three As.Over the last few years, I haven't had that much time to really think.But lately I have had the opportunity to take a step back and ask myself: “What is it over the last few years that helped me grow my website, but also grow myself?” And I've summarized those things, for me personally, as three As.They are Attitude, Awareness and Authenticity.I'd love to just talk about each one briefly.So Attitude: Look, we're all going to get lumps, and we're all going to get bumps.None of us can predict the future, but we do know one thing about it and that's that it ain't gonna go according to plan.We will all have high highs and big days and proud moments of smiles on graduation stages, father-daughter dances at weddings and healthy babies screeching in the delivery room, but between those high highs, we may also have some lumps and some bumps too.It's sad, and it's not pleasant to talk about, but your husband might leave you, your girlfriend could cheat, your headaches might be more serious than you thought, or your dog could get hit by a car on the street.It's not a happy thought, but your kids could get mixed up in gangs or bad scenes.Your mom could get cancer, your dad could get mean.And there are times in life when you will be tossed in the well, too, with twists in your stomach and with holes in your heart, and when that bad news washes over you, and when that pain sponges and soaks in, I just really hope you feel like you've always got two choices.One, you can swirl and twirl and gloom and doom forever, or two, you can grieve and then face the future with newly sober eyes.Having a great attitude is about choosing option number two, and choosing, no matter how difficult it is, no matter what pain hits you, choosing to move forward and move on and take baby steps into the future.The second “A” is Awareness.I love hanging out with three year-olds.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.I love the way that they can stare at a bug crossing the sidewalk.I love the way that they'll stare slack-jawed at their first baseball game with wide eyes and a mitt on their hand, soaking in the crack of the bat and the crunch of the peanuts and the smell of the hotdogs.I love the way that they'll spend hours picking dandelions in the backyard and putting them into a nice centerpiece for Thanksgiving dinner.I love the way that they see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.Having a sense of awareness is just about embracing your inner three year-old.Because you all used to be three years old.That three-year-old boy is still part of you.That three-year-old girl is still part of you.They're in there.And being aware is just about remembering that you saw everything you've seen for the first time once, too.So there was a time when it was your first time ever hitting a string of green lights on the way home from work.There was the first time you walked by the open door of a bakery and smelt the bakery air, or the first time you pulled a 20-dollar bill out of your old jacket pocket and said, “Found money.”
The last “A” is Authenticity.And for this one, I want to tell you a quick story.Let's go all the way back to 1932 when, on a peanut farm in Georgia, a little baby boy named Roosevelt Grier was born.Roosevelt Grier, or Rosey Grier, as people used to call him, grew up and grew into a 300-pound, six-foot-five linebacker in the NFL.He's number 76 in the picture.Here he is pictured with the “fearsome foursome.” These were four guys on the L.A.Rams in the 1960s you did not want to go up against.They were tough football players doing what they love, which was crushing skulls and separating shoulders on the football field.But Rosey Grier also had another passion.In his deeply authentic self, he also loved needlepoint.(Laughter)He loved knitting.He said that it calmed him down, it relaxed him, it took away his fear of flying and helped him meet chicks.That's what he said.I mean, he loved it so much that, after he retired from the NFL, he started joining clubs.And he even put out a book called “Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men.”(Laughter)(Applause)It's a great cover.If you notice, he's actually needlepointing his own face.(Laughter)
And so what I love about this story is that Rosey Grier is just such an authentic person, and that's what authenticity is all about.It's just about being you and being cool with that.And I think when you're authentic, you end up following your heart, and you put yourself in places and situations and in conversations that you love and that you enjoy.You meet people that you like talking to.You go places you've dreamt about.And you end you end up following your heart and feeling very fulfilled.So those are the three A's.For the closing thought, I want to take you all the way back to my parents coming to Canada.I don't know what it would feel like coming to a new country when you're in your mid-20s.I don't know, because I never did it, but I would imagine that it would take a great attitude.I would imagine that you'd have to be pretty aware of your surroundings and appreciating the small wonders that you're starting to see in your new world.And I think you'd have to be really authentic, you'd have to be really true to yourself in order to get through what you're being exposed to.I'd like to pause my TEDTalk for about 10 seconds right now, because you don't get many opportunities in life to do something like this, and my parents are sitting in the front row.So I wanted to ask them to, if they don't mind, stand up.And I just wanted to say thank you to you guys.(Applause)When I was growing up, my dad used to love telling the story of his first day in Canada.And it's a great story, because what happened was he got off the plane at the Toronto airport, and he was welcomed by a non-profit group, which I'm sure someone in this room runs.(Laughter)And this non-profit group had a big welcoming lunch for all the new immigrants to Canada.And my dad says he got off the plane and he went to this lunch and there was this huge spread.There was bread, there was those little, mini dill pickles, there was olives, those little white onions.There was rolled up turkey cold cuts, rolled up ham cold cuts, rolled up roast beef cold cuts and little cubes of cheese.There was tuna salad sandwiches and egg salad sandwiches and salmon salad sandwiches.There was lasagna, there was casseroles, there was brownies, there was butter tarts, and there was pies, lots and lots of pies.And when my dad tells the story, he says, “The craziest thing was, I'd never seen any of that before, except bread.(Laughter)I didn't know what was meat, what was vegetarian.I was eating olives with pie.(Laughter)I just couldn't believe how many things you can get here.”
(Laughter)
When I was five years old, my dad used to take me grocery shopping, and he would stare in wonder at the little stickers that are on the fruits and vegetables.He would say, “Look, can you believe they have a mango here from Mexico? They've got an apple here from South Africa.Can you believe they've got a date from Morocco?” He's like, “Do you know where Morocco even is?” And I'd say, “I'm five.I don't even know where I am.Is this A&P?” And he'd say, “I don't know where Morocco is either, but let's find out.” And so we'd buy the date, and we'd go home.And we'd actually take an atlas off the shelf, and we'd flip through until we found this mysterious country.And when we did, my dad would say, “Can you believe someone climbed a tree over there, picked this thing off it, put it in a truck, drove it all the way to the docks and then sailed it all the way across the Atlantic Ocean and then put it in another truck and drove that all the way to a tiny grocery store just outside our house, so they could sell it to us for 25 cents?” And I'd say, “I don't believe that.” And he's like, “I don't believe it either.Things are amazing.There's just so many things to be happy about.” When I stop to think about it, he's absolutely right.There are so many things to be happy about.We are the only species on the only life-giving rock in the entire universe that we've ever seen, capable of experiencing so many of these things.I mean, we're the only ones with architecture and agriculture.We're the only ones with jewelry and democracy.We've got airplanes, highway lanes, interior design and horoscope signs.We've got fashion magazines, house party scenes.You can watch a horror movie with monsters.You can go to a concert and hear guitars jamming.We've got books, buffets and radio waves, wedding brides and rollercoaster rides.You can sleep in clean sheets.You can go to the movies and get good seats.You can smell bakery air, walk around with rain hair, pop bubble wrap or take an illegal nap.We've got all that, but we've only got 100 years to enjoy it.And that's the sad part.The cashiers at your grocery store, the foreman at your plant, the guy tailgating you home on the highway, the telemarketer calling you during dinner, every teacher you've ever had, everyone that's ever woken up beside you, every politician in every country, every actor in every movie, every single person in your family, everyone you love, everyone in this room and you will be dead in a hundred years.Life is so great that we only get such a short time to experience and enjoy all those tiny little moments that make it so sweet.And that moment is right now, and those moments are counting down, and those moments are always, always, always fleeting.You will never be as young as you are right now.And that's why I believe that if you live your life with a great attitude, choosing to move forward and move on whenever life deals you a blow, living with a sense of awareness of the world around you, embracing your inner three year-old and seeing the tiny joys that make life so sweet and being authentic to yourself, being you and being cool with that, letting your heart lead you and putting yourself in experiences that satisfy you, then I think you'll live a life that is rich and is satisfying, and I think you'll live a life that is truly awesome.Thank you.
第四篇：用音乐为我们的心理快乐加分
用音乐为我们的心理快乐加分
通过聆听音乐，我们可以让自己静下心来，像洗礼一般虔诚地领悟生命的意义，听音乐也是养生的一种好方法。今天我们就来看看，怎样用音乐让我们自己快乐起来。
由于每个人的性格、爱好、情感、处境不同，因此对音乐的喜好、选择也不同。在进行音乐疗法之前，首先要选择符合自己性情的音乐，并注意“平衡性”。就像食物时蔬菜、鱼肉、水果、豆制品等营养成分要合理搭配一样，在选择自己喜欢的乐曲的同时注意保持平衡性，即音乐的“阴与阳”“静与动”“强与弱”等。
职业不同的人，选择的音乐也应不同。在人声鼎沸的股票、证券公司中的从业人员，最好选择没有歌词的轻音乐。在震耳欲聋的工地上或机器喧闹的工厂中工作的人，最好倾听雄壮的古典交响乐曲。在静谧的办公室、店堂里工作的人，最好倾听轻松的流行乐曲。
此外，情绪不同的时候，选择的音乐也应不同。精神状态不佳、情绪低落的时候，应该选择明快的乐曲来倾听。当你的情绪被激怒或充满敌意时，应选择轻松的乐曲来倾听。为解除情绪压力，除了选听古典乐曲、交响乐曲、流行歌曲以外，选听爵士音乐、摇滚乐、合唱、男女对唱等都有一定的效果。
个人的爱好不同，选择的标准也不同。但是，音乐疗法中的乐曲选择须符合以下两个标准：
第一，低音厚实深沉，内容丰富;中、高音的音色要有透明感，像阳光透射过窗户一样，具有感染力。
第二，音乐中的三要素即响度、音频、音色三个方面要有和谐感。
现在，音乐书店里所销售的各种音乐磁带，你可以用来进行以下几种音乐疗法：
1、实现自我，改善性格。通过音乐的诱导，使自己的个性魅力得以展现。具有个性魅力的人，在事业上实现自我的机会就较多，性格也就较开朗。
2、升华恋爱感觉。音乐的感染，使人具有积极的情绪和有魅力的性格，产生良好的人际关系，使夫妇之间更加亲热，男女之间的恋爱成功。
3、促使事业、社会活动的成功。音乐让你发掘自己的潜在能力，唤起自信心，获得事业的成功。
4、开发集中力、注意力、记忆力，在入学考试、资格考试、比赛活动中取得好成绩。
5、安定情绪，提高生活适应能力。例如，音乐帮你解除由情绪压力而来的各种紧张、不安，提升精神，开发体力的潜在能力。有时也被用来帮助减肥、戒烟或解消失眠症等。
6、闭目养神，静坐片刻，或做几次深呼吸运动。
7、在聆听音乐时心理状态不同，效果也不相同，这是因为音乐选择和鉴赏是一种智力活动。采用积极的态度可导致情绪智力良性化。
现在，心理学家认为音乐疗法对情绪智力的作用，主要体现在以下几方面：对个人和个性的尊重：“全人”或“全人性”的自我意识；个人的意志和自我实现目的的发展；选择的自由；理解他人，在良好的人际关系中做到自我成长或自我实现；创造性开发；爱情至高体验或感动体验；感情的自尊。
第五篇：TED 学校扼杀了我们的创造力
TED演讲：学校扼杀了我们的创造力
本视频网易公开课链接：http://v.163.com/movie/2006/2/V/E/M7SP3QUET_M7SP3T0VE.html
What are you have is a person of extraodinary dedication who found a talent.We've all agreed on the really extraordinary capacity that children have, their capacities for innovation.And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.So I want to talk about education and creativity.My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.现在的教育提倡的是一个有风险精神的 老师能发现一个天才学生。我们一致认同，孩子拥有超凡的才能，或者说创新能力。我认为：每个孩子身上都蕴含着巨大的才能，却被成人无情地磨灭了。因此，我想谈谈教育和创造力。我相信在当今这个时代，创造力在教育中的地位同读写能力一样重要，理应得到同等程度的重视。
I heard a great story recently, I love telling it, of a six-year-old girl who was in a drawing lesson.The teacher said usually this little girl hardly paid attention, but in this drawing lesson she did.The teacher was fascinated and she went over to her and said, “What are you drawing?” and the girl said, “I'm drawing a picture of God.” And the teacher said, “But nobody knows what God looks like.” And the girl said, “They will in a minute.”
前些日子我听到了一个很棒的故事，我喜欢逢人就讲。有个6岁的小姑娘在上绘画课。她的老师说，这个小姑娘上课一向不怎么专心，而这次却不同。老师很好奇，于是走过去问小姑娘：“你在画什么？”“我在画上帝”，小姑娘答道。老师不解：“可是从来没有人知道上帝长什么样啊！”小姑娘答道：“等我画好他们就知道了。”
Picasso once said that all children are born artists.The problem is remaining an artist as we grow up.I believe passionately that we don't grow into creativity, we grow out of it.Or rather we get educated out of it.So why is this?
毕加索曾经说过：每一个孩子都是天生的艺术家。问题在于我们长大之后能否继续保持着艺术家的个性。我坚信，随着年龄的增长，我们的创造力并非与日俱增，反而是与日俱减。甚至可以说，我们的创造力被教育扼杀了。怎么会这样呢？
Every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects—every one;it doesn't matter where you go, you'd think it would be otherwise but it isn't.At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and the bottom are the arts.Everywhere on earth.There isn't an education system on the planet that teaches dance every day to children the way we teach them mathematics.Why? Why not? I think this is rather important.I think maths is very important but so is dance.Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.We all have bodies, don't we? Truthfully what happens is, as children grow up we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.And then we focus on their heads.And slightly to one side.世界上所有的教育系统都有着相同的学科体系，无一例外。你会想肯定有某个地方会例外的吧，可是无论你走到哪都是这样。位于顶端的是数学和语言，接着是人文学科，处在最底端的是艺术。全球普遍如此。在这颗星球上没有一个教育系统会像上数学课一样天天给孩子们上舞蹈课。为什么？为什么不这样？我觉得这非常重要。我知道数学很重要，但是舞蹈也同样重要啊。如果获得允许，孩子们可以整天跳舞，我们也是。我们都有身体可以舞动起来，不是吗？现实中的真相是：随着孩子们在长大，大人们开始逐步地训练他们，首先是腰部以上的部位，然后是集中训练他们的大脑，并且渐渐地有点偏向大脑一侧。
If you were to visit education as an alien and say what's it for, public education, I think you'd have to conclude(if you look at the output, who really succeeds by this, who does everything they should, who gets all the brownie points, who are the winner the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors.Isn't it? They're the people who come out on top.And I used to be one, so there.And I like university professors, but you know, we shouldn't hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement.They're just a form of life, another form of life.But they're rather curious and I say this out of affection for them, there's something curious about them, not all of them but typically, they live in their heads, they live up there, and slightly to one side.They're disembodied.They look upon their bodies as a form of transport for their heads, don't they?
假设你是一位外星来客，来考察地球上的教育，想知道公共教育究竟有何作用。在得出结论之前，我建议你先看看公共教育的产物，看看究竟是谁通过教育获得成功？是谁中规中矩地完成了使命？是谁得到了所有的赞许？又是谁成了最后的赢家？我想你会由此得出结论：全球公共教育的目的完全在于培养大学教授，不是吗？他们是教育体制最高端的产物。我过去也曾是其中一员，嗯，我喜欢大学教授们。不过，你知道，我们不应该将他们推崇为全人类最大的成就。他们所代表的仅仅是一种生活方式，另一种不同的生活方式。不过大学教授们还是蛮古怪的，我是出于对他们的喜爱才这么说的，虽然不是所有大学教授都这样，但他们的确有些奇特，典型表现为：他们生活在自己的思维里，住在自己的大脑中，而且还略偏向于大脑一侧。他们崇尚精神世界，躯体在他们看来不过是思维的承载工具，不是吗？
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history.More people, and it's the combination of all the things we've talked about—technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population.Suddenly degrees aren't worth anything.Isn't that true? When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.If you didn't have a job it's because you didn't want one.And I didn't want one, frankly.But now kids with degrees are often heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other.It's a process of academic inflation.And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.根据联合国教科文组织的统计预测，未来三十年内全球的教育系统毕业生人数将达到历史之最。高科技及其对工作性质的改变影响，人口以及人口大爆炸，这些我们提及过的因素加在一起将导致毕业生越来越多。学历突然缩水了。难道不是吗？我上学那会儿，只要你有一纸文凭，你就有饭碗。如果你没有工作，那是因为你不想要。坦白说，我当时就不想要（作者的自嘲）。可现在有学历的毕业生们却常常待业在家打游戏，因为工作岗位的学历要求都升级了，过去需要学士的岗位现在开始要硕士了，过去要硕士的岗位现在要博士了。这是个“学历膨胀”的过程。这一过程说明了整个教育体系正在我们眼下经历着重大转变。我们需要从根本上重新审视自己的智能观。
We know three things about intelligence: One, it's diverse.We think about the world in all the ways we experience it.We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.我们知道智能有三大特点：第一，智能具有多元性。我们运用各种体验方式来认知世界，比如视觉、听觉、触觉、抽象化、动态化等等。
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.The brain isn't divided into compartments.In fact, creativity, which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value, more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.第二，智能具有交互性。大脑并不是由相互隔绝的单元组成的。事实上，创造活动往往就诞生于各学科看待事物的不同方式所产生的交互作用，在我看来，创造就是“有价值的原创思想的产生过程”。
And the third thing about intelligence is, it's distinct.I'm doing a new book at the moment called Epiphany which is based on a series of interviews with people about how they discovered their talent.I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.She's a choreographer.She did Cats, and Phantom of the Opera, she's wonderful.Gillian and I had lunch one day and I said, “Gillian, how'd you get to be a dancer?” And she said it was interesting, when she was at school, she was really hopeless.And the school, in the 30s, wrote her parents and said, “We think Gillian has a learning disorder.” She couldn't concentrate, she was fidgeting.第三，智能具有独特性。目前我正在写一本新书，叫做《悟》，是根据一系列人物访谈写成的，主题围绕“你是如何发现自己才能的？”。我对人们的自我发现很感兴趣。事实上，写这本书的念头源自我和一位出色的女士之间的对话，也许这里大部分人没有听说过她，她叫吉莉安·林恩，是一名舞蹈指导，曾经给歌舞剧《猫》、《歌剧魅影》编排舞蹈，非常棒的一位女士！有一天我和吉莉安一起吃午餐，我问她：“吉莉安，你当初是怎么走上跳舞这条路的？”她告诉我，其中的故事还蛮有趣的。当年她在学校时，大家都说她没得救了。那还是在上世纪三十年代，学校写信给她父母说“我们认为吉莉安有学习障碍”。那时候的她无法集中注意力，总是坐立不安。
Anyway, she went to see a specialist in an oak-paneled room with her mother and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes while this man talked to her mother about all the problems Gillian was having at school.In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said, “Gillian I've listened to all these things that your mother's told me, and I need to speak to her privately.Wait here, we'll be back, we won't be very long,” and they went and left her.后来她妈妈就带着她去看专科。那是一间铺着橡木地板的诊室。吉莉安把双手压在屁股下，耐住性子坐了20分钟，这段时间里医生和她妈妈谈论了她在学校里出现的种种问题。最后，医生走过来坐在吉莉安身边对她说：“吉莉安，你妈妈和我讲了你的所有事情，现在我要和她私下谈谈。在这儿等着，我们很快就回来。”于是他们就留下她出去了。
But as they went out the room, he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk, and when they got out the room, he said to her mother, “Just stand and watch her.” And the minute they left the room, she said, she was on her feet, moving to the music.And they watched for a few minutes and he turned to her mother and said, “Mrs.Lynne, Gillian isn't sick;she's a dancer.Take her to a dance school.” Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.就在他们离开房间的时候，医生拧开了他桌上的收音机。走出房间后，医生对吉莉安的妈妈 4 说道：“就在这儿观察一下她”。吉莉安说，他们刚离开房间她就站了起来，随着音乐移动步子。在外面观察了几分钟后，那位医生转向她妈妈说道：“林恩夫人，吉莉安并没有生病，她是个天生的舞蹈家。送她去舞蹈学校吧。”（感谢当年那位医生，）换了别人或许会对吉莉安进行药物治疗，并告诉她要平静下来。
I believe our only hope for the future is to adopt a new conception of human ecology, one in which we start to reconstitute our conception of the richness of human capacity.Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth, for a particular commodity, and for the future, it won't serve us.我认为我们未来唯一的希望在于创设一种新的人文生态构想，唯有在此构想上才可重新认识到人类能力之丰富。如同获得商品的欲望驱使人类掠采矿物资源，现行的教育体制也正以此道压榨着我们的智力，而这种压榨并不能造福人类社会。
We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we're educating our children.And our task is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future—by the way, we may not see this future, but they will.And our job is to help them make something of it.我们必须重新思考我们教育孩子的基本原则。我们的任务是教育所有的孩子，以便他们能够面对未来——顺便提一下，这个未来或许我们是看不见了，但是他们可以，我们的工作就是帮助他们战胜未来的挑战。
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