TED演讲：每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧

第一篇：TED演讲：每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧

TED演讲：每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧

I'd like to invite you to close your eyes.Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home.I'd like you to notice the color of the door, the material that it's made out of.Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists on bicycles.They are competing in a naked bicycle race, and they are headed straight for your front door.I need you to actually see this.They are pedaling really hard, they're sweaty, they're bouncing around a lot.And they crash straight into the front door of your home.Bicycles fly everywhere, wheels roll past you, spokes end up in awkward places.Step over the threshold of your door into your foyer, your hallway, whatever's on the other side, and appreciate the quality of the light.The light is shining down on Cookie Monster.Cookie Monster is waving at you from his perch on top of a tan horse.It's a talking horse.You can practically feel his blue fur tickling your nose.You can smell the oatmeal raisin cookie that he's about to shovel into his mouth.Walk past him.Walk past him into your living room.In your living room, in full imaginative broadband, picture Britney Spears.She is scantily clad, she's dancing on your coffee table, and she's singing “Hit Me Baby One More Time.” And then follow me into your kitchen.In your kitchen, the floor has been paved over with a yellow brick road and out of your oven are coming towards you Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow and the Lion from “The Wizard of Oz,” hand-in-hand skipping straight towards you.Okay.Open your eyes.I want to tell you about a very bizarre contest that is held every spring in New York City.It's called the United States Memory Championship.And I had gone to cover this contest a few years back as a science journalist expecting, I guess, that this was going to be like the Superbowl of savants.This was a bunch of guys and a few ladies, widely varying in both age and hygienic upkeep.(Laughter)

They were memorizing hundreds of random numbers, looking at them just once.They were memorizing the names of dozens and dozens and dozens of strangers.They were memorizing entire poems in just a few minutes.They were competing to see who could memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards the fastest.I was like, this is unbelievable.These people must be freaks of nature.And I started talking to a few of the competitors.This is a guy called Ed Cook who had come over from England where he had one of the best trained memories.And I said to him, “Ed, when did you realize that you were a savant?” And Ed was like, “I'm not a savant.In fact, I have just an average memory.Everybody who competes in this contest will tell you that they have just an average memory.We've all trained ourselves to perform these utterly miraculous feats of memory using a set of ancient techniques, techniques invented 2,500 years ago in Greece, the same techniques that Cicero had used to memorize his speeches, that medieval scholars had used to memorize entire books.” And I was like, “Whoa.How come I never heard of this before?”

And we were standing outside the competition hall, and Ed, who is a wonderful, brilliant, but somewhat eccentric English guy, says to me, “Josh, you're an American journalist.Do you know Britney Spears?” I'm like, “What? No.Why?” “Because I really want to teach Britney Spears how to memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards on U.S.national television.It will prove to the world that anybody can do this.”

(Laughter)

I was like, “Well I'm not Britney Spears, but maybe you could teach me.I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?” And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.I ended up spending the better part of the next year not only training my memory, but also investigating it, trying to understand how it works, why it sometimes doesn't work and what its potential might be.I met a host of really interesting people.This is a guy called E.P.He's an amnesic who had, very possibly, the very worst memory in the world.His memory was so bad that he didn't even remember he had a memory problem, which is amazing.And he was this incredibly tragic figure, but he was a window into the extent to which our memories make us who we are.The other end of the spectrum: I met this guy.This is Kim Peek.He was the basis for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie “Rain Man.” We spent an afternoon together in the Salt Lake City Public Library memorizing phone books, which was scintillating.(Laughter)

And I went back and I read a whole host of memory treatises, treatises written 2,000-plus years ago in Latin in Antiquity and then later in the Middle Ages.And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting stuff.One of the really interesting things that I learned is that once upon a time, this idea of having a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory was not nearly so alien as it would seem to us to be today.Once upon a time, people invested in their memories, in laboriously furnishing their minds.Over the last few millenia we've invented a series of technologies--from the alphabet to the scroll to the codex, the printing press，photography, the computer, the smartphone--that have made it progressively easier and easier for us to externalize our memories, for us to essentially outsource this fundamental human capacity.These technologies have made our modern world possible, but they've also changed us.They've changed us culturally, and I would argue that they've changed us cognitively.Having little need to remember anymore, it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how.One of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory is at this totally singular memory contest.It's actually not that singular, there are contests held all over the world.And I was fascinated, I wanted to know how do these guys do it.A few years back a group of researchers at University College London brought a bunch of memory champions into the lab.They wanted to know: Do these guys have brains that are somehow structurally, anatomically different from the rest of ours? The answer was no.Are they smarter than the rest of us? They gave them a bunch of cognitive tests, and the answer was not really.There was however one really interesting and telling difference between the brains of the memory champions and the control subjects that they were comparing them to.When they put these guys in an fMRI machine, scanned their brains while they were memorizing numbers and people's faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone else.Of note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that's involved in spatial memory and navigation.Why? And is there something the rest of us can learn from this?

The sport of competitive memorizing is driven by a kind of arms race where every year somebody comes up with a new way to remember more stuff more quickly, and then the rest of the field has to play catchup.This is my friend Ben Pridmore, three-time world memory champion.On his desk in front of him are 36 shuffled packs of playing cards that he

is about to try to memorize in one hour, using a technique that he invented and he alone has mastered.He used a similar technique to memorize the precise order of 4,140 random binary digits in half an hour.Yeah.And while there are a whole host of ways of remembering stuff in these competitions, everything, all of the techniques that are being used, ultimately come down to a concept that psychologists refer to as elaborative encoding.And it's well illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That's his name.And I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy who is a baker.” And I come back to you at some point later on, and I say, “Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you remember what it was?” The person who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than the person was told his job is that he is a baker.Same word, different amount of remembering;that's weird.What's going on here?

Well the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you.It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around in your skull.But the common noun baker, we know bakers.Bakers wear funny white hats.Bakers have flour on their hands.Bakers smell good when they come home from work.Maybe we even know a baker.And when we first hear that word, we start putting these associational hooks into it that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.The entire art of what is going on in these memory contests and the entire art of remembering stuff better in everyday life is figuring out ways to transform capital B Bakers into lower-case B bakers--to take information that is lacking in context, in significance, in meaning and transform it in some way so that it becomes meaningful in the light of all the other things that you have in your mind.One of the more elaborate techniques for doing this dates back 2,500 years to Ancient Greece.It came to be known as the memory palace.The story behind its creation goes like this: There was a poet called Simonides who was attending a banquet.He was actually the hired entertainment, because back then if you wanted to throw a really slamming party, you

didn't hire a D.J., you hired a poet.And he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall collapses, kills everybody inside.It doesn't just kill everybody, it mangles the bodies beyond all recognition.Nobody can say who was inside, nobody can say where they were sitting.The bodies can't be properly buried.It's one tragedy compounding another.Simonides, standing outside, the sole survivor amid the wreckage, closes his eyes and has this realization, which is that in his mind's eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been sitting.And he takes the relatives by the hand and guides them each to their loved ones amid the wreckage.What Simonides figured out at that moment is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers and word-for-word instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial memories.If I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with it.But I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see that.The idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind's eye and populate it with images of the things that you want to remember--the crazier, weirder, more bizarre, funnier, raunchier, stinkier the image is, the more unforgettable it's likely to be.This is advice that goes back 2,000-plus years to the earliest Latin memory treatises.So how does this work? Let's say that you've been invited to TED center stage to give a speech and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years ago.What you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your house.And you'd come up with some sort of an absolutely crazy, ridiculous, unforgettable image to remind you that the first thing you want to talk about is this totally bizarre contest.And then you'd

go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister Ed.And that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed Cook.And then you'd see an image of Britney Spears to remind you of this funny anecdote you want to tell.And you go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you have some friends to help you remember that.This is how Roman orators memorized their speeches--not word-for-word, which is just going to screw you up, but topic-for-topic.In fact, the phrase “topic sentence,” that comes from the Greek word “topos,” which means “place.” That's a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial terms.The phrase “in the first place,” that's like in the first place of your memory palace.I thought this was just fascinating, and I got really into it.And I went to a few more of these memory contests.And I had this notion that I might write something longer about this subculture of competitive memorizers.But there was a problem.The problem was that a memory contest is a pathologically boring event.(Laughter)Truly, it is like a bunch of people sitting around taking the SATs.I mean, the most dramatic it gets is when somebody starts massaging their temples.And I'm a journalist, I need something to write about.I know that there's this incredible stuff happening in these people's minds, but I don't have access to it.And I realized, if I was going to tell this story, I needed to walk in their shoes a little bit.And so I started trying to spend 15 or 20 minutes every morning before I sat down with my New York Times just trying to remember something.Maybe it was a poem.Maybe it was names from an old yearbook that I bought at a flea market.And I found that this was shockingly fun.I never would have expected that.It was fun because this is actually not about training your memory.What you're doing is you're trying to get better and better and better at creating, at dreaming up，these utterly ludicrous, raunchy, hilarious and hopefully unforgettable images in your mind's eye.And I got pretty into it.This is me wearing my standard competitive memorizer's training kit.It's a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the competitive memorizer's greatest enemy.I ended up coming back to that same contest that I had covered a year earlier.And I had this notion that I might enter it, sort of as an experiment in participatory journalism.It'd make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my research.Problem was the experiment went haywire.I won the contest, which really wasn't supposed to happen.(Applause)

Now it is nice to be able to memorize speeches and phone numbers and shopping lists, but it's actually kind of beside the point.These are just tricks.They are tricks that work because they're based on some pretty basic principles about how our brains work.And you don't have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind works.We often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the case.Great memories are learned.At the most basic level, we remember when we pay attention.We remember when we are deeply engaged.We remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it's colorful, when we're able to transform it in some way that it makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we're able to transform Bakers into bakers.The memory palace, these memory techniques, they're just shortcuts.In fact, they're not even really shortcuts.They work because they make you work.They force a kind of depth of processing, a kind of mindfulness, that most of us don't normally walk around exercising.But there actually are no shortcuts.This is how stuff is made memorable.And I think if there's one thing that I want to leave you with, it's what E.P., the amnesic who couldn't even remember that he had a memory problem, left me with, which is the notion that our lives are the sum of our memories.How much are we willing to lose from our already short lives by losing ourselves in our Blackberries, our iPhones, by not paying attention to the human being across from us who is talking with us, by being so lazy that we're not willing to process deeply?

I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of us.But if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to remember.Thank you.(Applause)

第二篇：每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧

每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧（双语）

Joshua Foer Ted英语演讲：

kira86 于2013-05-23 为什么有些人似乎天赋异能，能够过目不忘在短时间内记下一本书的内容或是繁多的数字？是否他们的脑袋和我们的不一样，或他们更聪明？科技栏作家Joshua Foer给您详细讲解这种记忆方法 —— 他称其为“记忆宫殿” —— 并向您证明他的重点是: 任何人都可以拥有绝佳的记忆里，包括他自己。这个答案就是“精细编码“——他们把没有前因后果 没有重要性 没有涵义的信息 用某种方法转化为 有意义的内容 跟脑海里的其他记忆串联起来。

Feats of memory anyone can do 英语演讲稿带中文翻译： I'd like to invite you to close your eyes.请大家跟我一起闭上眼睛，象一下。

Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home.I'd like you to notice the color of the door, the material that it's made out of.Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists on bicycles.They are competing in a naked bicycle race, and they are headed straight for your front door.I need you to actually see this.They are pedaling really hard, they're sweaty, they're bouncing around a lot.And they crash straight into the front door of your home.Bicycles fly everywhere, wheels roll past you, spokes end up in awkward places.Step over the threshold of your door into your foyer, your hallway, whatever's on the other side, and appreciate the quality of the light.The light is shining down on Cookie Monster.Cookie Monster is waving at you from his perch on top of a tan horse.It's a talking horse.You can practically feel his blue fur tickling your nose.You can smell the oatmeal raisin cookie that he's about to shovel into his mouth.Walk past him.Walk past him into your living room.In your living room, in full imaginative broadband, picture Britney Spears.She is scantily clad, she's dancing on your coffee table, and she's singing ”Hit Me Baby One More Time.“ And then follow me into your kitchen.In your kitchen, the floor has been paved over with a yellow brick road and out of your oven are coming towards you Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow and the Lion from ”The Wizard of Oz,“ hand-in-hand skipping straight towards you.你站在，自己家门口的外面，请留心一下门的颜色，以及门的材质，现在请想象一群超重的裸骑者，正在进行一场裸体自行车赛，向你的前门直冲而来，尽量让画面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前，他们都在奋力地踩脚踏板 汗流浃背，路面非常颠簸，然后径直撞进了你家前门，自行车四下飞散 车轮从你身旁滚过，辐条扎进了各种尴尬角落，跨过门槛，进到门厅、走廊 和门里的其他地方，室内光线柔和舒适，光线洒在甜饼怪物身上，他坐在一匹棕色骏马的马背上，正向你招手，这匹马会说话，你可以感觉到他的蓝色鬃毛让你鼻子发痒，你可以闻到他正要扔进嘴里的葡萄燕麦曲奇的香气，绕过他 绕过他走进客厅，站在客厅里 把你的想象力调到最大档，想象小甜甜布兰妮，她衣着暴露 在你咖啡桌上跳舞，并唱着”Hit Me Baby One More Time“，接下来 跟着我走进你的厨房，厨房的地面被一道黄砖路覆盖，依次钻出你的烤箱向你走来的是，《绿野仙踪》里的多萝西 铁皮人，稻草人 和狮子，他们手挽着手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走来，Okay.Open your eyes.好了 睁开眼睛吧，I want to tell you about a very bizarre contest that is held every spring in New York City.It's called the United States Memory Championship.And I had gone to cover this contest a few years back as a science journalist expecting, I guess, that this was going to be like the Superbowl of savants.This was a bunch of guys and a few ladies, widely varying in both age and hygienic upkeep.我要给你们讲一个每年春天在纽约，都会举办的奇异竞赛，叫做全美记忆冠军赛，几年前我作为一名科技类记者，去报道这项竞赛，心里想着 大概那儿得像，怪才的”超级碗冠军赛“一样热闹吧，一大堆男人和屈指可数的女性，从小孩儿到老人 有些还不怎么注意个人卫生，(Laughter)(大笑)，They were memorizing hundreds of random numbers, looking at them just once.They were memorizing the names of dozens and dozens and dozens of strangers.They were memorizing entire poems in just a few minutes.They were competing to see who could memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards the fastest.I was like, this is unbelievable.These people must be freaks of nature.有的奋力在只看一次的情况下，记下上百个任意列出的数字，有的在努力记住成群的陌生人的名字，有的想在几分钟内努力背下整篇诗歌，还有的在比赛谁能以最快速度，记下一整副打乱的牌的顺序，我当时觉得 这太不可思议了，这些人肯定天赋异禀。

And I started talking to a few of the competitors.This is a guy called Ed Cook who had come over from England where he had one of the best trained memories.And I said to him, ”Ed, when did you realize that you were a savant?“ And Ed was like, ”I'm not a savant.In fact, I have just an average memory.Everybody who competes in this contest will tell you that they have just an average memory.We've all trained ourselves to perform these utterly miraculous feats of memory using a set of ancient techniques, techniques invented 2,500 years ago in Greece, the same techniques that Cicero had used to memorize his speeches, that medieval scholars had used to memorize entire books.“ And I was like, ”Whoa.How come I never heard of this before?“ 所以我开始采访参赛者，这位叫Ed Cook，是从英格兰来的，他在那儿接受了最好的记忆训练，我问他 ”Ed 你是什么时候开始意识到，自己是记忆天才的?“，Ed答道 “我并不是什么专家，其实 我的记忆力很一般，来参赛的每一个人，都会告诉你他们的记忆力只是一般水平，我们都在训练自己后才能，完成这些奇迹般的记忆游戏，我们运用了一系列古老的技巧，这些技巧是希腊人在两千五百年前发明的，西塞罗正是用了这些技巧，来记忆他的演讲稿的，中世纪学者用这种技巧来背诵正本书籍的内容”，我惊讶不已 “哇噻 怎么我从来没听说过呢?”，And we were standing outside the competition hall, and Ed, who is a wonderful, brilliant, but somewhat eccentric English guy, says to me, “Josh, you're an American journalist.Do you know Britney Spears?” I'm like, “What? No.Why?” “Because I really want to teach Britney Spears how to memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards on U.S.national television.It will prove to the world that anybody can do this.” 我们站在竞技大厅外，聪明过人 令人惊叹，而又稍有些古怪的英国人Ed，对我说 “Josh 你是个美国记者，你知道小甜甜布兰妮吧?”，我茫然不解 ”什么? 当然 为什么要问这个?“，“因为我真的很想在，美国国家电台上教会布兰妮，怎样记住一整副打乱的牌的顺序，就能证明这是人人都可以做到的了”，(Laughter)(哄笑)，I was like, “Well I'm not Britney Spears, but maybe you could teach me.I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?” And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.我说 “虽然我不是布兰妮，但你也可以教教我呀，总得找个人开教嘛 不是吗?”，接着 一段非常奇特的历程在我面前展开了序幕，I ended up spending the better part of the next year not only training my memory, but also investigating it, trying to understand how it works, why it sometimes doesn't work and what its potential might be.结果 第二年的大部分时间，我都花在了训练自己的记忆力，同时调查研究记忆上，我想尝试理解产生记忆的原理，为何有时会记了又忘，及其它到底隐藏着什么样的潜力，I met a host of really interesting people.This is a guy called E.P.He's an amnesic who had, very possibly, the very worst memory in the world.His memory was so bad that he didn't even remember he had a memory problem, which is amazing.And he was this incredibly tragic figure, but he was a window into the extent to which our memories make us who we are.途中我遇到了很多有趣的人，其中一个叫E.P.，他患有健忘症 他的记忆力，恐怕是世界上最差的了，他的记忆能力差到，甚至记不得自己有健忘症，真的很神奇，虽然他是个悲剧角色，但通过他 我们能了解到，记忆在何种程度上塑造了我们的人格，The other end of the spectrum: I met this guy.This is Kim Peek.He was the basis for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie “Rain Man.” We spent an afternoon together in the Salt Lake City Public Library memorizing phone books, which was scintillating.情况的另一个极端是 我遇到了这样一个人，他叫Kim Peek，他是Dustin Hoffman在电影《雨人》里的角色的原型，我和他花了一下午，在盐湖城公共图书馆里背电话簿，让我大开眼界，(Laughter)(大笑)，And I went back and I read a whole host of memory treatises, treatises written 2,000-plus years ago in Latin in Antiquity and then later in the Middle Ages.And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting stuff.One of the really interesting things that I learned is that once upon a time, this idea of having a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory was not nearly so alien as it would seem to us to be today.Once upon a time, people invested in their memories, in laboriously furnishing their minds.回家后 我读了许多关于记忆的论文，写于两千多年前的论文，用拉丁文写的 从古代，一直到后来中世纪期间，我学到很多很有意思的事儿，其中一个就是，曾经，训练 规束 培养记忆力的这种概念，完全不像如今那样陌生，曾几何时 人们寄希望于自己的记忆，能不遗余力地装饰自己的心灵，Over the last few millenia we've invented a series of technologies--from the alphabet to the scroll to the codex, the printing press, photography, the computer, the smartphone--that have made it progressively easier and easier for us to externalize our memories, for us to essentially outsource this fundamental human capacity.These technologies have made our modern world possible, but they've also changed us.They've changed us culturally, and I would argue that they've changed us cognitively.Having little need to remember anymore, it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how.近几千年来，人类发明了一系列技术，从字母表到卷轴，到法典 印刷机 摄影技术，电脑 智能手机，让我们能越来越轻松地，外化记忆能力，让我们从根本上，把这种基础的人类能力拱手让出，这些技术让现代生活变为可能，但同时也改变了我们，不仅在文化上，我觉得也在认知上，不再需要费劲去记忆，有时会觉得我们已经忘了如何去记忆，3 One of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory is at this totally singular memory contest.It's actually not that singular, there are contests held all over the world.And I was fascinated, I wanted to know how do these guys do it.在这片地球上已经很少有地方，能让你觉得人们仍热衷于，训练 规束 培养记忆力了，那非同寻常的记忆大赛算是一个，其实它也没有那么非同寻常，世界各地都开始举办这样的竞赛，我对此深深着迷 想要知道这些人是怎么做到的，A few years back a group of researchers at University College London brought a bunch of memory champions into the lab.They wanted to know: Do these guys have brains that are somehow structurally, anatomically different from the rest of ours? The answer was no.Are they smarter than the rest of us? They gave them a bunch of cognitive tests, and the answer was not really.几年前 伦敦大学学院的一组研究人员，请来一批记忆大赛的冠军接受研究，他们想要弄明白，这些人的大脑，是否跟我们其他人在解剖学上的结构不一样?，答案是否定的，那他们比我们都聪明吗?，他们给研究对象实施了一系列认知测试，依旧得出了否定结论，There was however one really interesting and telling difference between the brains of the memory champions and the control subjects that they were comparing them to.When they put these guys in an fMRI machine, scanned their brains while they were memorizing numbers and people's faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone else.Of note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that's involved in spatial memory and navigation.Why? And is there something the rest of us can learn from this? 但对比受控制的比对目标的大脑，记忆大赛冠军们的大脑，确实有一处很有趣的不同 很说明问题，这些人被送去做功能磁共振，扫描大脑时，当他们在记忆数字或人脸或雪花图案时，研究人员发现记忆大赛冠军们，的大脑激活的区域，跟普通人不太一样，值得注意的是 他们看来是在用，脑中在空间记忆和导航时会用到的部分，为什么? 我们可以从中得出什么样的结论呢?，The sport of competitive memorizing is driven by a kind of arms race where every year somebody comes up with a new way to remember more stuff more quickly, and then the rest of the field has to play catchup.竞争性记忆的较量，被一种类似军事比赛的方式推向了白热化，每年都会有人，带着更有效的记忆方法现身赛场，而其他人就必须迎头赶上，This is my friend Ben Pridmore, three-time world memory champion.On his desk in front of him are 36 shuffled packs of playing cards that he is about to try to memorize in one hour, using a technique that he invented and he alone has mastered.He used a similar technique to memorize the precise order of 4,140 random binary digits in half an hour.Yeah.这是我的朋友Ben Pridmore，赢得过三次国际记忆大赛冠军，在他的台前，有三十六副打乱顺序的牌，他要在一个小时内记下全部，用的是一种他自己发明的 也只有他会的技巧，用与此类似的方法，他曾一字不差地背下了，4140个任意排列的二进制数，只用了半个小时，很牛吧，And while there are a whole host of ways of remembering stuff in these competitions, everything, all of the techniques that are being used, ultimately come down to a concept that psychologists refer to as elaborative encoding.参赛者在这些竞赛中，运用过很多不同的记忆方法，各式各样 被运用到的所有技巧，4 最终都能归化为一个概念，心理学家称之为“精细编码”，And it's well illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That's his name.And I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy who is a baker.” And I come back to you at some point later on, and I say, “Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you remember what it was?” The person who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than the person was told his job is that he is a baker.Same word, different amount of remembering;that's weird.What's going on here? 这个概念能用一则幽默的悖论完美诠释，叫做Baker/baker悖论，简单说来就是，假设我让两个人去记同一个词，我跟你说，“记住有个人叫Baker”，Baker是人名，我又来告诉你 “记住有个人是面包师(baker)”，过了一段时间我又回来找到你们，问 “还记得我之前，叫你们记住的那个词吗?”，”还记得是什么词吗?“，被告知人名是Baker的人，记住这个词的可能性远不如，被告知职业是面包师的那个人，同样的词 导致不同的记忆程度，到底是为什么呢，Well the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you.It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around in your skull.But the common noun baker, we know bakers.Bakers wear funny white hats.Bakers have flour on their hands.Bakers smell good when they come home from work.Maybe we even know a baker.And when we first hear that word, we start putting these associational hooks into it that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.The entire art of what is going on in these memory contests and the entire art of remembering stuff better in everyday life is figuring out ways to transform capital B Bakers into lower-case B bakers--to take information that is lacking in context, in significance, in meaning and transform it in some way so that it becomes meaningful in the light of all the other things that you have in your mind.是因为 人名Baker没有任何特殊含义，没法跟你脑海里，零碎繁杂的记忆产生任何联系，但是面包师(baker)作为一个常用名词，我们都知道面包师是什么，面包师带着搞笑的白帽子，他们手上沾满了面粉，他们下班回到家带着扑鼻的烤面包香，甚至可能有些人有朋友就是面包师，我们初次听到这个词时，马上就会产生各种各样的联想，这使我们能在一段时间后还能回忆起来，其实 要理解记忆竞赛中的，一切奥妙，或在日常生活中改善记忆力的秘诀，仅仅在于想办法把Baker中的大写B，变为面包师(baker)中的小写b，把没有前因后果，没有重要性 没有涵义的信息，用某种方法转化为，有意义的内容，跟脑海里的其他记忆串联起来，One of the more elaborate techniques for doing this dates back 2,500 years to Ancient Greece.It came to be known as the memory palace.The story behind its creation goes like this: There was a poet called Simonides who was attending a banquet.He was actually the hired entertainment, because back then if you wanted to throw a really slamming party, you didn't hire a D.J., you hired a poet.And he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall collapses, kills everybody inside.It doesn't just kill everybody, it mangles the bodies beyond all recognition.Nobody can say who was inside, nobody can say where they were sitting.The bodies can't be properly buried.It's one tragedy compounding another.Simonides, standing outside, the sole survivor amid the wreckage, closes his eyes and has this realization, which is that in his mind's eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been sitting.And he takes the relatives by the hand and guides them each to their loved ones amid the wreckage.这种精确记忆的技巧，在两千五百年前的古希腊就已出现，后来将其称为记忆宫殿，发明这种技巧的过程如下，有个叫做Simonides的诗人，他要去参加一个晚宴，其实他算是被请去做表演嘉宾的，因为在那个年代 炫酷派对的标准，不是请D.J.来打碟 而是要请诗人来颂诗，他站起来 背出了他的全篇诗作 然后潇洒离去，他刚走出门口 晚宴大厅就塌了，砸死了里面所有的人，不仅全体死亡，所有的死者都被砸得面目全非，没人说得清死者都有些谁，没人说得清谁坐在哪儿，导致死者的尸体没法得到合适的殉葬安置，这又加重了整件事的悲剧色彩，Simonides站在外面，作为废墟中的唯一幸存者，闭上眼睛 猛然意识到，在他的脑海中，他眼前出现了所有宾客所坐的位置，他就牵着亲属们的手，穿过废墟 把他们带到了亲人身边，What Simonides figured out at that moment is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers and word-for-word instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial memories.If I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with it.But I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see that.Simonides当时猛然醒悟的事，大概我们大家也都猜到了，其实是 不管我们，有多不善于记住姓名 电话号码，或是同事的每句指令，我们都拥有异常敏锐的视觉或空间记忆能力，要是我让你们逐字逐句地重述，我刚才讲的Simonides故事的前十个字，应该没几个人会记得，但我敢打赌，如果我让你们现在回想下，在你的门厅里 坐在会讲话的棕色骏马上的，是谁，你们就明白我刚才说的意思了，The idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind's eye and populate it with images of the things that you want to remember--the crazier, weirder, more bizarre, funnier, raunchier, stinkier the image is, the more unforgettable it's likely to be.This is advice that goes back 2,000-plus years to the earliest Latin memory treatises.记忆宫殿的原理，就是在你的脑海里建立一栋想象大厦，并让你想记住的东西，的影像充满其中，越是疯狂 古怪 奇诡，荒诞搞笑 乱七八糟 招人厌恶的影像，就越容易记住，这个建议来自于两千多年前，拉丁最早的记忆学者，So how does this work? Let's say that you've been invited to TED center stage to give a speech and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years ago.What you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your house.And you'd come up with some sort of an absolutely crazy, ridiculous, unforgettable image to remind you that the first thing you want to talk about is this totally bizarre contest.And then you'd go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister Ed.And that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed Cook.And then you'd see an image of Britney Spears to remind you of this funny anecdote you want to tell.And you go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you have some friends to help you remember that.那么 这种说法的原理到底是什么呢，假设你被邀请，站上TED的中心讲台演讲，而你想脱稿完成，如西塞罗在两千年前在TEDx罗马上的演讲一般，他就会这么霸气走一回 而你也想这样，你要做的就是，想象自己站在自家门前，然后凭空想象出，一段完全荒诞疯狂难忘的景象，用来提示你上台要提的第一件事，就是这场诡异的裸骑大赛，然后你走进房子里，想到甜饼怪物，坐在Ed先生背上的样子，这个景象会提醒你，要介绍你的朋友Ed Cook，6 然后你脑海里出现了小甜甜布兰妮的样子，你就会想起要讲那个关于布兰妮的小故事，然后你走进厨房，你要说到的第四个话题是，你花了一整年走过的奇妙历程，通过绿野仙踪就可以联想得到，This is how Roman orators memorized their speeches--not word-for-word, which is just going to screw you up, but topic-for-topic.In fact, the phrase “topic sentence,” that comes from the Greek word “topos,” which means “place.” That's a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial terms.The phrase “in the first place,” that's like in the first place of your memory palace.这就是罗马演说家背诵演讲稿的秘诀，并非一字不差 逐字背诵只会平添麻烦，而是记住一个个主题，其实 短语“主题句”，就来源于希腊词“topos”，意思是“地点”，这是古时候，人们谈到演讲或是修辞时，会用到的空间术语，短语 “第一”，就意味着你的记忆宫殿的第一层，I thought this was just fascinating, and I got really into it.And I went to a few more of these memory contests.And I had this notion that I might write something longer about this subculture of competitive memorizers.But there was a problem.The problem was that a memory contest is a pathologically boring event.(Laughter)Truly, it is like a bunch of people sitting around taking the SATs.I mean, the most dramatic it gets is when somebody starts massaging their temples.And I'm a journalist, I need something to write about.I know that there's this incredible stuff happening in these people's minds, but I don't have access to it.这简直太有意思了，我对这起了很大的兴趣，后来我又去了更多记忆大赛，我开始萌发了要更详细描写，这种竞技记忆文化的念头，但有一个问题，问题是记忆大赛，其实过程很无聊的，(大笑)，真的 就像一群人坐那儿高考一样，最最激动人心的时刻，也不过就是有人揉了揉太阳穴，我是个记者 总得有东西可写呀，我知道这些人脑子里肯定是惊涛骇浪，但我作为外人无法得见，And I realized, if I was going to tell this story, I needed to walk in their shoes a little bit.And so I started trying to spend 15 or 20 minutes every morning before I sat down with my New York Times just trying to remember something.Maybe it was a poem.Maybe it was names from an old yearbook that I bought at a flea market.And I found that this was shockingly fun.I never would have expected that.It was fun because this is actually not about training your memory.What you're doing is you're trying to get better and better and better at creating, at dreaming up, these utterly ludicrous, raunchy, hilarious and hopefully unforgettable images in your mind's eye.And I got pretty into it.我意识到 若我真的想报道这事儿，一定得亲身体验才行，所以我开始尝试着每天早上坐下来看纽约时报前，花上十五到二十分钟，尝试记忆一些事，背背小诗，背背我在跳蚤市场买来的，旧年鉴里的人名，我惊奇地发现这其实非常带劲，要不去尝试根本想不到，有趣在于 其实目标并不是要通过训练提高记忆力，而是你在努力培养改善，创造力 想象力，在你的脑海里凭空造出，那些完全滑稽荒诞胡乱 最好是难忘的影像，而它成为了我的乐趣，This is me wearing my standard competitive memorizer's training kit.It's a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the competitive memorizer's greatest enemy.这是我戴着标准竞赛记忆者训练套装的样子，它有一对耳塞，一副护目镜 镜面全部遮黑，就留了两个小孔，因为竞技记忆者最大的敌人就是注意力分散，I ended up coming back to that same contest that I had covered a year earlier.And I had this notion that I might enter it, sort of as an experiment in participatory journalism.It'd make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my research.Problem was the experiment went haywire.I won the contest, which really wasn't supposed to happen.最后 我再次回到了一年前报道的那场竞赛场上，我一时冲动 也想报名参加，就当做参与性新闻报道的实验了，我当时想 到时能在前言里调侃一下自己也好，问题是 实验最后得到了意想不到的结果，那场竞赛我赢了，真是完全出乎我预料之外，(Applause)(鼓掌)，Now it is nice to be able to memorize speeches and phone numbers and shopping lists, but it's actually kind of beside the point.These are just tricks.They are tricks that work because they're based on some pretty basic principles about how our brains work.And you don't have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind works.对我来说现在，背演讲稿 电话号码 或是购物单，都是小菜一碟 倒是很不错，但其实这些都不重要了，这些都是小伎俩，这些记忆伎俩之所以有效，是因为它们依仗人类大脑运转的，一些基本原理，并不用真的去建立记忆宫殿，或记下几副牌的顺序，你也完全可以从了解大脑运转原理中，获得一些益处，We often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the case.Great memories are learned.At the most basic level, we remember when we pay attention.We remember when we are deeply engaged.We remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it's colorful, when we're able to transform it in some way that it makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we're able to transform Bakers into bakers.我们总会议论记忆力很好的人，总觉得那些人是天赋异禀，事实并不是这样，强大的记忆力是可以习得的，从最根本的说起 专心致志就能记住，全心投入时就能记住，只要能想办法把信息和经历，转化为有意义的事，就能记住，想它为何重要 为何多彩，当我们能把它转化成为，有前因后果的事，并跟我们脑海中繁杂琐碎的其他事产生联想时，当我们能把人名Baker转化为面包师baker时，The memory palace, these memory techniques, they're just shortcuts.In fact, they're not even really shortcuts.They work because they make you work.They force a kind of depth of processing, a kind of mindfulness, that most of us don't normally walk around exercising.But there actually are no shortcuts.This is how stuff is made memorable.记忆宫殿 或是那些记忆技巧，都只是捷径而已，其实 说到底它们都不能算捷径，这方法有效是因为它迫使你思考，它迫使你往更深层次去想，让你更加专注，大部分人平时并不会费力去训练这个，其实捷径并不存在，这一直就是我们能记住事物的原因，And I think if there's one thing that I want to leave you with, it's what E.P., the amnesic who couldn't even remember that he had a memory problem, left me with, which is the notion that our lives are the sum of our memories.How much are we willing to lose from our already short lives by losing ourselves in our Blackberries, our iPhones, by not paying attention to the human being across from us who is talking with us, by being so lazy that we're not willing to process deeply? 有一件事我希望你们能记住，就是E.P.，那个连自己患了健忘症都想不起来的人，让我深思，得出了一个感想，人生就是我们个人记忆的合集，在短暂的人生里，你还愿意因为黑莓 iPhone，丧失多少瞬间，忽略对面坐着的人，在跟我们交谈的人，变得越发懒惰 不愿意，深究任何事？，8 I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of us.But if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to remember.通过亲身经历 我发现，我们的身体里潜藏着，不可思议的记忆能力，但若你想活得难忘，就得做那种，记得时常记忆的人，Thank you.谢谢，(Applause)(鼓掌)，En8848原版英语学习网

第三篇：每个人都必须掌握的演讲技巧

领导者发表演说，通常是为了推动变革、推广理念，以及改变大家的想法。想要学会领导者般的演说风格，就不能只是纯粹报告数据而已，而是必须学习好好设计你的诉求。领导是不好当滴，让人心服口服的领导更是需要经历尖端的磨砺（其实很多领导的心态是——我是领导我怕谁！谁敢不听我的？……呵呵）。

■认识你的听众

如果你真的希望能展现出领导者般的演说风格，就要事先针对可能的听众做些功课。在你同意演说之前，先弄清楚：

听众到底会是哪些人，他们又有哪些共通性？

听众的知识背景如何、对你的演讲主题了解多少？

听众是会支持你的立场，还是会在刚开始的时有点反对的态度？

听众有哪些共同的迫切恐惧和忧虑？

他们偏好什么样的学习方式？

哪些议题是禁忌，不该提起？

这群人平常在讨论事情时，有没有偏好使用什么术语？

卓越领导者最明显的标记之一，就是他们在步上讲台之前，会尽量努力了解他们的听众。如果你这么做，就更可能有精采的表现。演说要让人佩服，并不只是看你懂多少和你如何表达，能否让人佩服，取决于听众听到什么、了解到什么、感受到什么，以及需要什么。事先分析你的听众，就可以让情势对你有利。

■记住「wiifm？」的原则

「wiifm？」就是「我能够从中获得什么？」的缩写，这是当你踏上讲台开始简报的时候，所有听众都在想的问题。而且他们在你的演讲结束很久之后，还是会以同样的标准来评断你演说的内容。在你准备演讲内容时，要锁定以下这个关键问题：

「为什么各位听众会想要我想要的东西？」

如果你无法回答这个问题，就无从得知自己该准备和构思什么样的演讲内容。听众往往会希望你做到下列几件事：

针对他们共同的问题提出解决方案；

提出可行的方法，让他们可以达成他们设定的目标，或是完成对他们很重要的工作。

解释为何某种作法和他们的价值观、渴望或梦想相符。

卓越领导者一定会回答听众「wiifm？」这个问题，他们会将演说的重心，放在解决问题、达成目标以及满足需求之上。

■创造鲜活景象

可以运用4种技巧，在听众的脑海中创造出鲜活的景象：

利用具体的名词和动词——而不是模糊或空泛的用语。以积极的态度说明你目前在做的事，而不是你未来想做的事。在讲述内容中加进动态的感觉。

提出范例并直接做比较——也就是一些可以让听众想象出画面的事物，然后再连结到你所叙述的内容。

用实际物品当作道具——将这些物品带上讲台，添加一些戏剧效果。

说故事——就像是在听众的脑海中播放电影一样。故事会是演说当中最有力的元素，要挑选有影响力和启发性的故事。

■打动人心

要做到真正让人佩服的演说，并不需要一大堆的冠冕堂皇的理念或词句，而是要在情感上引起听众的共鸣，你和你的听众之间一定要产生火花。

要打动听众，必须具备3项要素：

相互尊重——听众必须尊重你的背景，而你则必须尊重他们的时间、价值观与兴趣。

专注——你必须尽量去了解听众，依据他们的需求和关切的事量身订做你的诉求，让他们感觉受到重视。

爱戴——你必须先爱戴听众，他们才会喜欢你。

结合了尊重、专注及爱戴，你就可以和听众建立起关系。然后他们就会专注在你的演说上并跟你合作，而这正是你要感动他们所必须的条件。要成为领导者，就要能熟练地让你的简报对象产生共鸣。

第四篇：但愿每个人都能找到真爱

但愿每个人都能找到真爱 ──影片《独自等待》观后感

夜，很静，像主人公蚊子，以失落的心情，等爱的来临的执着，我观看了本片。本片是以蒙太奇的手法，以第一个人称的角度在讲述一段爱情故事。爱情失败了，主人公蚊子选择独自等待爱情的再次来临，虽然主人公很执着，但也掩盖不了内心的失落与困惑。观此片有三角恋之感，可是不同的人物却展现着反差极大的人性，刘容，粗陋、恶俗、放荡、游离、贪婪、为利是图！李静，宽容、博大、坚定、聪慧、才气、为爱等待！此片名为《独自等待》主线是写男主人公的为爱独自等待，那么隐线呢？李静也是在独自等待，生活中的我们是不是也在独自等待呢？也许《独自等待》最有价值的一面就是引发观众对爱情中自我的反思与探索吧！

爱情很伟大却可遇不可求，也许身处混钝世界的我们已然无法追逐真空中的爱情，本片中的主人公蚊子，一个古董商，混迹于商场、好调侃，有点放荡不羁的外表下却有着一颗追逐纯洁爱情执着，对女人公刘容，一见钟情！以最常规的追求方式向刘容展开了爱情攻势。刘容，一个追逐名利，以外表美丽为资本，成为各有钱男人的“投资”对象。这个女人的可悲之处，在纸醉金迷的世界里，渴望爱情却又怕爱情牵拌了她的事业的发展，毕竟像她这种女人只能靠边“卖”才能有所发展，所以对爱情不敢靠得太近，感情游离在爱情的边缘。所以注定蚊子和刘容的所谓爱情只能以失败收场。观看此片后我无力指责刘容的“恶俗”，必竟生活的导航仪是随着社会转型而造就各种形形色色的观念和人生。刘容也仅是人性光辉失落的一个典型代表，当刘容再次出现在蚊子面对的时候，略带忏悔的表情，希望与蚊子重归旧好，可是蚊子放弃了，可能蚊子的道德底线，被刘容撕得粉碎，人也许只有伤过了才知道痛，蚊子已无力或者害怕再去重拾这段感情了。

李静，主人公蚊子的高中同学，一个死党，在蚊子的世界里李静就是“铁哥们”，一个忠实的读者。李静欣赏着“蚊子”才情，深爱着蚊子，蚊子却对李静的关爱麻木了，也就谈不上会产生“爱情”了，李静深感爱情等待无望，事业又找到新的机遇的情况下，独自前往广东。在火车即将起程的时候，站台上的两人那种失落伤怀是可想而知的。落泪的李静，哭得很美，哭得梨花带雨，哭得蚊子千叮万嘱！站台上的李静还不忘对蚊子的写作上的点拨才造就《独自等待》的诞生，这个有深度的女人，等爱来临！默默为蚊子做着“贡献”（为蚊子与刘容牵线搭桥，力促成其好事！）李静一个大度的女人，一个超然的女人，一个把爱深华的女人，珍藏着蚊子幼时赠送的礼物，数十年如一日的守侯。等待情郎轻敲爱情门窗，可情郎却从未曾有所顿悟。李静走了，可未曾带走情郎的心。本片未曾下重笔，下大力去渲染李静的高大，也许导演的意图就是想从平淡的人物当中去寻找雄奇吧！伟大来源于平凡的生活，伟大无须刻意去勾画，伟大的人放哪里都闪光！

主人公蚊子积极的人生态度召示着蚊子的创作上成功已成必然。尽管在写作上，他的魔幻小说每一次都被老编冠名为“一堆狗屎”，可他却不曾放弃！坚持写作，从这点上看主人公是个具有完整人格的，并不因为打击和重创而放弃最初的追求，始终如一日的写，最终在李静的点拔下（旁观者就是这样清），改了写作路子，却一炮打响了。这些是否作者或者导演有意在安排，告诫暂时不成功的人，是否也如主人公一样犯了“路线错误”呢？蚊子在确定爱的对象的时候是否如写作一样都没有找到正确方位，一样犯了“路线错误”呢？造成蚊子事业上难以突破爱情连连受挫呢？作者与导演的意图我们现在是不得而知了。人生总是在探索，没有一种理论可以持久的指导下去，这就造成了不同的时代造就不同的“英雄”与时代先锋。我们身处时代的大转型期的年轻人，更要有一双“慧眼”（“慧眼”的形成必须依托正确的人生观、价值观、世界观。）能够准确的“定位”。寻找发展路线，争取适合自己最好的发展，来实现人生的价值。

此片的独到之处，是以调侃的方式在说一个严肃的话题，什么是爱情？如何找到真爱？直到影片结束，我们也找不到正确的答案，而蚊子言及肯定这个世界上有一个适合他的女孩，可是那一位是个什么样的人呢？如何个标准？或者没有标准的标准？蚊子的独自等待是一年、二年、三年、十年。。。随着影片的结束，这一切都成了无以为说的无头公案了，也许爱情本身就是一个无头公案，对于爱情，一千个人一定有一千种说法！那么如何找到真爱呢？笔者以为爱情，爱情的高度是展示男女之间人性的光辉，展示一种非物质的与现今主流世界有点脱离的男女之间相互倾慕。在这个唯利是图的时代，寻找爱情本身是在寻找人性的回归，寻找心灵静化和充实。主人公以写文章做为人生基调，是个高度注重内心感受的人也说明主人公超现实的爱情理想主义，而现实之爱是建立在物质基础上的。如鲁迅先生语：爱情是要有所附丽的！时下男婚女嫁的总要问及到房子、车子、学历、金钱。。。，爱情这个亘古不变的话题，很美、很耐人寻言！但愿现今的每个人都能真情回归，找到真爱！

第五篇：TED演讲

绿色未来（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。从本周开始，我们将开展“TED演讲主题介绍”系列，陆续为大家介绍TED演讲的各类主题，方便大家更快地找到自己喜欢的TED演讲。众所周知，TED刚刚创办时的焦点是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娱乐）和Design（设计）三方面。但随着TED的成长和知名度的增加，TED演讲所涵盖的行业也越来越广泛。为了确保读者们不会在大量的演讲中迷失了方向，TED网站贴心地将所有的演讲分门别类，归纳到不同的主题中，既方便读者们针对自己感兴趣的内容有选择地观看演讲，也便于大家观看和某一演讲相关的其他内容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地将已翻译好的主题简介带给大家，并为大家推荐相关主题下的已翻译演讲、待翻译演讲和待校对演讲。

本周为大家介绍的主题是–A Greener Future? 绿色未来

该主题在TED的网址是:

在TEDtoChina的网址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主题简介

关于环境的辩论通常被定性为经济发展和保护地球这两种势力间的较量。然而，大多数TED演讲者坚持鱼和熊掌可以兼得的观点——只要我们在处理环境问题时足够聪明。

阿尔·戈尔作为宣传气候危机的领军人，坚持人类可以通过细微处的改进以在避免灾难的同时保持经济的活跃发展。建筑师威廉·麦克多纳向人们展现了伟大设计的力量，它作用在整个文明体系上，而不仅仅是针对局部领域，并能持久地担负起丰富的未来。马约拉·卡特谈及了她为曾陷入腐化的的纽约南布隆克斯区带来绿色生机的工程。

爱德华·伯汀斯基关于环境损害和经济发展的异常精致的摄影作品记录了人类发展从未停滞的脚步。而生物学家爱德华·奥斯伯·威尔森向我们分享了他最大的心愿——人类社会团结起来保护地球上的生命。

◎ 演讲者推荐

阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore)：美国政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年间在比尔·克林顿掌政时担任美国第四十五任副总统。其后升为一名国际上著名的环境学家，由

于在环球气候变化与环境问题上的贡献受到国际的肯定，因而与政府间气候变化专门委员会共同获得2007诺贝尔和平奖。

珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)：英国生物学家、动物行为学家和著名动物保育人士。珍·古道尔长期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得丰硕成果。她的工作纠正了许多学术界对黑猩猩这一物种长期以来的错误认识，揭示了许多黑猩猩社群中鲜为人知的秘密。除了对黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道尔还热心投身于环境教育和公益事业，由她创建并管理的珍·古道尔研究会（国际珍古道尔协会）是著名民间动物保育机构，在促进黑猩猩保育、推广动物福利、推进环境和人道主义教育等领域进行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道尔研究会创立的根与芽是目前全球最活跃的面向青年的环境教育计划之一。由于珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究和环境教育等领域的杰出贡献，她在 1995年获英国女王伊丽莎白二世荣封为皇家女爵士，在2002年获颁联合国和平使者。

（演讲者简介来自维基百科）

◎ 部分已翻译演讲（简体中文）推荐：

1.阿尔·戈尔关于避免气候危机的演讲

“此次演讲流露出的幽默感和人道主义跟在他的纪录电影”难以忽视的真相“如出一辙，戈尔阐明了15种应对气候危机立马有效的方法而且简单易行，从购买混合动力产品到发明新产品替代碳排放产品，使“全球温室效应”更加深入人心。”

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持续发展的未来

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改变世界”（Worldchanging.com）网站的创建人，他在这个演讲中指出，减低人类生态足迹在当下之意义尤为巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式将不能推广到发展中国家，因为那样将消耗大量的资源。(因为西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推广到发展中国家，进一步加剧着资源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修复雨林

透过复杂的生态学，生物学家Willie Smits发掘一个重新植林的快捷方式，在婆罗洲救回了许多栖息于当地的红毛猩猩，进而创造出一个得以修复脆弱生态系统的蓝图。

4.William McDonough 谈「从摇篮到摇篮」理念

致力于环保的建筑师兼设计师 William McDonough 问，如果设计师心系所有子孙、所有物种、直到永远，我们的建筑及产品会是什么样子？

5.查尔斯·摩尔：塑料充斥的海洋

查尔斯·摩尔船长是Algalita海洋研究基金会的创始人，他第一次发现了大太平洋垃圾带——一片无边无际漂浮着塑料垃圾的海域。现在，他为我们讲述大海面临的日益严重的塑料碎片污染问题。

◎ 待校对演讲（简体中文）推荐

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是这个星期的TED主题介绍。希望大家能从上面的演讲中有所收获。大家也可以点击这里的网址来查看所有该主题下演讲的翻译进度（简体中文和繁体中文）。

如果大家对此专栏有何建议的话，欢迎大家在下面留言，或是电邮至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我们下期再见。