迈克尔彭博2014哈佛毕业演讲

第一篇：迈克尔彭博2014哈佛毕业演讲

Michael Bloomberg Harvard Commencement Speech 2014 迈克尔·彭博2014年哈佛毕业典礼演讲

Thank you Katie, and thank you to President Faust, the Fellows of Harvard College, the Board of Overseers, and all the faculty, alumni, and students who have welcomed me back to campus.感谢凯蒂，感谢福斯特校长、哈佛大学理事会成员、监事会成员，还有迎接我回校的所有教职员工、校友及同学们。

I‘m excited to be here, not only to address the distinguished graduates and alumni at Harvard University‘s 363rd commencement but to stand in the exact spot where Oprah stood last year.OMG.站在这里我非常激动，不仅是因为我能在哈佛大学第363届毕业典礼上面对各位优秀的毕业生及校友讲话，更是因为能站在去年奥普拉曾站过的地方。我的天啊。

Let me begin with the first order of business: Let‘s have a big round of applause for the Class of 2014.They‘ve earned it.下面让我从最重要的环节开始：让我们把最热烈的掌声送给2014届毕业生们，这是他们赢得的。

As excited as the graduates are, they are probably even more exhausted after the past few weeks.And parents, I‘m not referring to their final exams.I‘m talking about the Senior Olympics, the Last Chance Dance, and the Booze Cruise – I mean, the moonlight cruise.毕业生们都一样的兴奋，但同时这几周或许也让他们有些精疲力竭吧。各位家长，我指的可不是期末考试哦，我说的是高年级运动会、最后一次交际舞会和游轮酒宴——我指的是午夜巡游会。

Anyway，this year has been exciting on campus：Harvard beat Yale for the seventh straight time in football.The men‘s basketball team went to the second round of the NCAA tournament for the second straight year.And the Men‘s Squash team won national championship.不管怎样，今年的校园很令人振奋：哈佛橄榄球队连续第七次击败耶鲁，男子篮球队连续两年打入全国大学体育协会冠军赛的第二轮，还有男子壁球队则获得了全国冠军。Who‘d a thunk it: Harvard, an athletic powerhouse!Pretty soon they‘re going to be asking whether you have academics to go along with your athletic programs.谁会想到：哈佛，竟然有如此强大的运动天团！不久后，可能就会有人问，你们的学术水平是否能和体育水平相媲美？

My personal connection to Harvard began in 1964, when I graduated from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and matriculated here at the B-School.我个人与哈佛的关系缘起于1964年，当时我从巴尔地摩的约翰霍普金斯大学毕业并到这里的商学院就读。

You‘re probably asking yourself or maybe whispering to the person next to you: How did he ever get into Harvard Business School, particularly since his stellar academic record, where he always made the top half of the class possible? I have no idea.The only people more surprised than me were my professors.你们或许在想，或者和身旁的人窃窃私语：他是如何进入哈佛商学院的呢？尤其是他的学术成绩总能排在全班前列？我不知道，比我自己更惊讶的可能只有我的教授了。

Anyway, here I am again back in Cambridge.And I have noticed that a few things have changed since I was a student here.Elsie‘s – a sandwich spot I used to love near the Square – is now a burrito shop.The Wursthaus – which had great beer and sausage – is now an artisanal gastro-pub, whatever that is.And the old Holyoke Center is now named the Smith Campus Center.总之，今天我又回到了剑桥[注：剑桥为哈佛大学所在地]。我注意到，这里跟我学生时代有了一些变化。广场附近我曾经很喜欢的三文治售卖点爱尔诗，现在成了卷饼店。曾经提供美味啤酒和香肠的乌斯特豪斯，现在成了工艺美食酒吧，不知道这是啥。还有原来的霍利约克中心 现在改名为史密斯校园中心。

Don‘t you just hate it when alumni put their names all over everything? I was thinking about that this morning as I walked into the Bloomberg Center on the Harvard Business School campus across the river.你们难道不讨厌所有东西都用校友名字命名吗？今早经过河边的哈佛商学院彭博中心时，我就在想这个问题。

But the good news is, Harvard remains what it was when I first arrived on campus 50 years ago: America‘s most prestigious university.And, like other great universities, it lies at the heart of the American experiment in democracy.不过也有好消息，就是哈佛仍然秉承着50年前我刚入校时的优良传统，依旧是美国最负盛名的大学。和其他顶尖的大学一样，她处在美国民主实验的核心位置。

Their purpose is not only to advance knowledge, but to advance the ideals of our nation.Great universities are places where people of all backgrounds, holding all beliefs, pursuing all questions, can come to study and debate their ideas freely and openly.这些顶尖大学的目的不仅是增长知识，还包括推进我们民族的理想。顶尖大学是让各种背景、各种信仰、探寻各种问题的人，能到此自由开放地学习和探讨想法的地方。

Today, I‘d like to talk with you about how important it is for that freedom to exist for everyone, no matter how strongly we may disagree with another‘s viewpoint.今天我想跟大家聊聊，这种自由的存在对于每个人来说是多么的重要，无论我们多么不认同别人的观点。

Tolerance for other people‘s ideas, and the freedom to express your own, are inseparable values at great universities.Joined together, they form a sacred trust that holds the basis of our democratic society.包容他人观点，以及表达自身言论的自由，是顶尖大学不可分割的价值。两者结合在一起，构成了支撑民主社会根基的一种神圣的信赖。

But let me tell you that trust is perpetually vulnerable to the tyrannical tendencies of monarchs, mobs, and majorities.And lately, we have seen those tendencies manifest themselves too often, both on college campuses and in our society.不过我要告诉大家，这种信赖在君主、暴民、多数派的专制倾向下是很脆弱的。最近，大家频繁地看到这些倾向真实发生的事例，不管是在大学校园或社会。

That‘s the bad news – and unfortunately, I think both Harvard, and my own city of New York, have been witnesses to this trend.这是个坏消息，而且很不幸的是，我认为哈佛以及我自己所在的城市纽约，也都目睹过这种倾向。

First, for New York City.Several years ago, as you may remember, some people tried to stop the development of a mosque a few blocks from the World Trade Center site.首先，来谈谈纽约市。你们可能记得，几年前有些人试图阻止在世贸中心旧址几个街区远的地方建一座清真寺的计划。

It was an emotional issue, and polls showed that two-thirds of Americans were against a mosque being built there.Even the Anti-Defamation League – widely regarded as the country‘s most ardent defender of religious freedom – declared its opposition to the project.这是个情感的议题，民意调查显示超过2/3的美国人反对在该地修建清真寺。即便是反诽谤联盟——这个被公认为全国宗教自由最狂热的捍卫者，也公然反对该项计划。

The opponents held rallies and demonstrations.They denounced the developers，and they demanded that city government stop its construction.That was their right and we protected their right to protest.But they could not have been more wrong.And we refused to cave in to their demands.反对者发动集会和示威活动。他们谴责开发商，要求市政府终止这项工程。那是他们的权利，我们保障他们抗议的权利。但他们的观点绝对是错误的，我们拒绝向他们的要求妥协。

The idea that government would single out a particular religion, and block its believers – and only its believers – from building a house of worship in a particular area is diametrically opposed to the moral principles that gave rise to our great nation and the constitutional protections that have sustained it.要求政府单独选出一个特定的宗教、阻止并且只阻止其信徒在特定区域建立其宗教活动场所的想法，这完全悖离伟大民族的道德原则，是宪法保护所不允许的。

Our union of 50 states rests on the union of two values: freedom and tolerance.And it is that union of values that the terrorists who attacked us on September 11th, 2001 and on April 15th, 2013 found most threatening.我们这50州联邦的建立取决两大价值的结合：自由和包容。正是这两大价值的结合，让2001年9月11日和2013年4月15日袭击我们的恐怖分子备感威胁。

To them, we were a God-less country.在他们看来，我们是一个无神的国度。

But in fact, there is no country that protects the core of every faith and philosophy known to human kind – free will – more than the United States of America.That protection, however, rests upon our constant vigilance.但事实上，没有任何一个国家，比美国更能保护人类各种信仰和哲学认识的核心——自由意志。不过，这种保护需要依赖于我们时刻的警觉。

We like to think that the principle of separation of church and state is settled.It is not.And it never will be.It is up to us to guard it fiercely and to ensure that equality under the law means equality under the law for everyone.我们会这么认为：政教分离的原则已经确立。实际上并没有，而且永远不会。我们需要坚决地拥护它，以确保法律条文下规定的人人平等，对每个人都是平等的。

If you want the freedom to worship as you wish, to speak as you wish, and to marry whom you wish, you must tolerate my freedom to do so or not do so as well.如果你希望你的信仰、言论和选择配偶的自由，如你所愿，你就必须包容我这样做或不这样做的自由。

What I do may offend you.You may find my actions immoral or unjust.But attempting to restrict my freedoms–in ways that you would not restrict your own – leads only to injustice.我做的事可能会冒犯你，你可能觉得我的行为不道德或不正义。但你不能用你不会约束自身的方式来试图约束我，否则只会导致不公平。

We cannot deny others the rights and privileges that we demand for ourselves.And that is true in cities，and it is no less true at universities, where the forces of repression appear to be stronger now，I think than they have been since the 1950s.我们在要求权利和特权的同时，不能否认其他人也同样拥有。这在城市中如此，对于大学亦然。我认为现今大学里对此原则的压制，似乎是自1950年代以来最为严重的。

When I was growing up, U.S.Senator...yes, you can applaud。

在我成长的过程中，美国参议员...当然你们可以鼓掌。

When I was growing up, U.S.Senator Joe McCarthy was asking: ―Are you now or have you ever been?‖ He was attempting to repress and criminalize those who sympathized with an economic system that was, even then, failing.在我成长的过程中，美国参议员乔·麦卡锡曾问―你现在是，或者曾经是（G.C.D）?‖他试图压制和定罪那些赞同哪怕在当时都已经很失败的经济体制的人。

McCarthy‘s Red Scare destroyed thousands of lives, but what was he so afraid of? An idea in this case, communism that he and others deemed dangerous.麦卡锡的红色恐怖让数以千计的人失去了生命，他害怕的是什么呢？是一种思想，也就是共产主义，一种被他及其同僚们视为危险的思想。

But he was right about one thing: Ideas can be dangerous.They can change society.They can upend traditions.They can start revolutions.That‘s why throughout history, those in authority have tried to repress ideas that threaten their power, their religion, their ideology, or their reelection chances.不过他搞对了一件事——思想可以是危险的。思想能改变社会，思想能颠覆传统，思想能掀起革命。这就是为什么历史上，那些权贵企图抑制思想，避免这些思想威胁到他们的权力、宗教信仰、意识形态及连任机会。That was true for Socrates and Galileo, it was true for Nelson Mandela and Václav Havel, and it has been true for Ai Wei Wei, Pussy Riot, and the kids who made the ‗Happy‘ video in Iran.对苏格拉底与伽利略如此，对纳尔逊·曼德拉与瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔如此，对艾未未、造反猫咪乐队以及在伊朗制作《快乐》视频的孩子们也是如此。

Repressing free expression is a natural human weakness, and it is up to us to fight it at every turn.Intolerance of ideas– whether liberal or conservative–is antithetical to individual rights and free societies, and it is no less antithetical to great universities and first-rate scholarship.抑制言论自由是人类本性上的弱点，每次出现时我们都需要同它进行斗争。对思想的不包容，无论是自由派的还是保守派的思想，都是与个人权利和自由社会背道而驰的，同样与顶尖大学和一流学术相背离。

There is an idea floating around college campuses, including here at Harvard I think, that scholars should be funded only if their work conforms to a particular view of justice.There‘s a word for that idea: censorship.And it is just a modern-day form of McCarthyism.大学校园处处充斥着一种观念，我想哈佛也不例外，即学者只有在研究符合特定正义观念的前提下才应获得资助。这种观念可以用一个词来概括：审查制度。这不过就是现代版的―麦卡锡主义‖。

Think about the irony: In the 1950s, the right wing was attempting to repress left wing ideas.Today, on many college campuses, it is liberals trying to repress conservative ideas, even as conservative faculty members are at risk of becoming an endangered species.And perhaps nowhere is that more true than here in the Ivy League.想想这有多么的讽刺，1950年代，右翼份子企图打压左翼思想。而如今，在许多大学校园，则是自由派正企图打压保守派思想，保守派教员正面临着成为濒危物种的风险。这种现象在常春藤盟校尤为突出，In the 2012 presidential race, according to Federal Election Commission data, 96 percent of all campaign contributions from Ivy League faculty and employees went to Barack Obama.2012年总统大选时，根据联邦选举委员会的数据，96%常春藤盟校教职员工的政治献金都捐给了巴拉克·奥巴马，Ninety-six percent.There was more disagreement among the old Soviet Politburo than there is among Ivy League donors.96%啊。与常春藤盟校的捐献者相比，前苏联政治局中的意见分歧高多了。

That statistic should give us pause – and I say that as someone who endorsed President Obama for reelection – because let me tell you, neither party has a monopoly on truth or God on its side.这一统计数字发人深思，虽然我也支持奥巴马总统的再次当选，但我认为任何派别都不能独占真理或让上帝总站在他一边。

When 96 percent of Ivy League donors prefer one candidate to another, you have to wonder whether students are being exposed to the diversity of views that a great university should offer.96%常春藤盟校捐献者偏向于某一特定政治立场的候选人，你不得不怀疑，这些大学中的学生是否接触到了顶尖大学应当给予的多元化观点。

Diversity of gender, ethnicity, and orientation is important.But a university cannot be great if its faculty is politically homogenous.In fact, the whole purpose of granting tenure to professors is to ensure that they feel free to conduct research on ideas that run afoul of university politics and societal norms.性别、种族及定位的多元化很重要，但一所大学还应当有政治的多元化，否则称不上顶尖。实际上，为教授提供终身教职就是为了保证他们能够自由地进行研究，而不怕研究主题和学校政治及社会规范不一致。

When tenure was created, it mostly protected liberals whose ideas ran up against conservative norms.终身教职创立初期，主要是为了保护与保守派准则相冲突的自由派思想。

Today, if tenure is going to continue, it must also protect conservatives whose ideas run up against liberal norms.Otherwise, university research – and the professors who conduct it – will lose credibility.而现在，终身教职如果要继续存在，就必须保护与自由派准则相冲突的保守派思想，否则，大学研究和进行研究的教授将失去信誉。

Great universities must not become predictably partisan.And a liberal arts education must not be an education in the art of liberalism.顶尖的大学绝不能偏向于特定（政治立场）的党派，而自由的人文教育不应当成为自由主义的人文教育。

The role of universities is not to promote an ideology.It is to provide scholars and students with a neutral forum for researching and debating issues – without tipping the scales in one direction, or repressing unpopular views.大学的角色不应当是推动某种意识形态，而应当是为学者与学生提供问题研究和辩论的中立论坛，不让天平朝任何一个方向倾斜，不抑制不得人心的的观点。

Requiring scholars – and commencement speakers, for that matter – to conform to certain political standards undermines the whole purpose of a university.规定学者以及毕业典礼演讲者，遵循某些特定的政治标准，会破坏整个大学的宗旨。

This spring, it has been disturbing to see a number of college commencement speakers withdraw – or have their invitations rescinded – after protests from students and – to me, shockingly – from senior faculty and administrators who should know better.今年春，令人不安地看到，一些大学毕业典礼演讲者被撤销了，甚至连邀请函都被撤回了，仅仅因为学生以及资深教员和管理人员的反对，令我相当震惊。学生姑且不论，其他人显然应当明白事理一些。It happened at Brandeis, Haverford, Rutgers, and Smith.Last year, it happened at Swarthmore and Johns Hopkins, I‘m sorry to say.这在布兰迪斯、哈沃福特、罗格斯与史密斯等学校都曾发生过。我很遗憾地说，去年还发生在斯沃斯摩尔与约翰斯霍普金斯。

In each of these case, liberals silenced a voice – and denied an honorary degree – to individuals they deemed politically objectionable.This is an outrage and we must not let it continue.在这些例子中，自由派通过拒绝授予政治上与其相左的人荣誉学位，以此封杀不喜欢的声音。这是一种暴行，我们不应当让它继续发生。

If a university thinks twice before inviting a commencement speaker because of his or her politics censorship and conformity – the mortal enemies of freedom – win out.如果一所大学，在邀请一位毕业典礼演讲嘉宾时，还要对其政治立场是否符合，进行一再地审查，自由的死敌就赢了。

And sadly, it is not just commencement season when speakers are censored.可悲的是，并不只有毕业季的演讲嘉宾会被审查。

Last fall, when I was still in City Hall, our Police Commissioner was invited to deliver a lecture at another Ivy League institution – but he was unable to do so because students shouted him down.去年秋，我还在市政府的时候，我们的警察局长应邀到另一所长春藤盟校进行演讲，但他未能如愿，因为学生把他轰下台。

Isn‘t the purpose of a university to stir discussion, not silence it? What were the students afraid of hearing? Why did administrators not step in to prevent the mob from silencing speech? And did anyone consider that it is morally and pedagogically wrong to deprive other students the chance to hear the speech? 难道大学的宗旨不是鼓励讨论，而是封杀不同的声音吗？学生到底害怕听到什么？为什么当局不介入，制止这群暴民破坏演讲？难道没人考虑过，剥夺其他学生听演讲的机会，在道德上和学理上都是大错特错的？

I‘m sure all of today‘s graduates have read John Stuart Mill‘s On Liberty.But just let me read a short passage from it: ―The peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race;posterity as well as the existing generation;those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it.‖

我相信，今天的毕业生都读过约翰·弥尔的《论自由》。请允许我朗读其中的一小段：―限制别人不能表达意见的罪恶，是对人类的掠夺，是对子孙后代及当代人类的掠夺，是对那些持不同意见的人掠夺更多。‖

He continued: ―If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error.‖

他继续写道：―假如那意见是对的，那么他们是被剥夺了以错误换真理的机会；假如那意见是错的，那么他们失去了一个几乎同样巨大的好处，那就是从真理与错误碰撞中产生出来的对真理的更加清晰的认知和更加强烈的影响。‖

Mill would have been horrified to learn of university students silencing the opinions of others.He would have been even more horrified that faculty members were often part of the commencement censorship campaigns.弥尔如果得知大学生压制别人发表意见肯定会毛骨悚然，弥尔如果得知连教职员工都通常是毕业演讲者审查活动的一部分，肯定会更毛骨悚然。

For tenured professors to silence speakers whose views they disagree with is the height of hypocrisy, especially when these protests happen in the northeast – a bastion of self-professed liberal tolerance.如果享有终身职位的教授，压制那些持有他不赞同观点的人发声，那是高度的伪善，尤其是当那些抗议发生在自称自由宽容堡垒的东北。

Now I‘m glad to say that Harvard has not caved in to these commencement censorship challenges.If it had, Colorado State Senator Michael Johnston would not have had the chance to address the Education School yesterday.我很高兴的是，哈佛没有屈服于这些毕业典礼审查的挑战中，否则的话，科罗拉多州参议员迈克尔·约翰斯顿昨天就没有机会在教育学院发表演讲了。Some students called on the administration to rescind the invitation to Johnston because they opposed some of his education policies.But to their great credit, President Faust and Dean Ryan stood firm.有些学生要求校方撤回对约翰斯顿的邀请，因为他们反对他的一些教育政策。所幸他们未能得逞，福斯特校长和院长立场都非常坚定。

As Dean Ryan wrote to students: ―I have encountered many people of good faith who share my basic goals but disagree with my views when it comes to the question of how best to improve education.In my view, those differences should be explored, debated, challenged, and questioned.But they should also be respected and, indeed, celebrated.‖

正如瑞恩院长写给这些学生的信所说：―我遇到过很多真诚的人，他们和我都有相同的目标，不过在如何改善教育的问题上，我们的观点存在分歧。在我看来，这些分歧应当经过探究、辩论，挑战和质疑。同时这些分歧也应获得尊重，确实应该被称颂。‖

He could not have been more correct, and he could not have provided a more valuable final lesson to the class of 2014.他是完全正确的，他为2014届毕业生上了宝贵的最后一课。

As a former chairman of Johns Hopkins, I strongly believe that a university‘s obligation is not to teach students what to think but to teach students how to think.And that requires listening to the other side, weighing arguments without prejudging them, and determining whether the other side might actually make some fair points.作为约翰霍普金斯大学前任主席，我坚信一所大学的职责并非是教学生思考什么，而是教学生如何思考，这就需要倾听不同声音，不带偏见地衡量各种观点，冷静思考不同意见中是否也有公正的论点，If the faculty fails to do this, then it is the responsibility of the administration and governing body to step in and make it a priority.If they do not, if students graduate with ears and minds closed, the university has failed both the student and society.如果教员做不到这一点，行政官员和主管部门就有责任介入，并优先解决这一问题，否则的话，学生就带着封闭的耳朵与思维毕业，大学也就辜负了学生和社会的期望。

And if you want to know where that leads, look no further than Washington, D.C.如果想知道这会导致什么后果，看今日的华府就知道。

Down in Washington, every major question facing our country – involving our security, our economy, our environment, and our health – is decided.我国面临的各类重大问题都在华府被裁定——包括我们的安全、我们的经济、我们的环境及我们的健康，Yet the two parties decide these questions not by engaging with one another, but by trying to shout each other down, and by trying to repress and undermine research that counters their ideology.The more our universities emulate that model, the worse off we will be as a society.然而两党在处理所有问题时都没有考虑协作，而是看谁声音更大，以此压制对方，试图抑制和破坏与其意识形态相抵触的调研报告。我们的大学对这种模式仿效得越多，我们的社会就会变得越糟糕。

And let me give you a few example: For decades, Congress has barred the Centers for Disease Control from conducting studies of gun violence, and recently Congress also placed that prohibition on the National Institute of Health.You have to ask yourself: What are they afraid of? 我来举一些例子，数十年来，国会都禁止疾病控制中心进行枪支暴力的研究，最近国会又对国立卫生研究院颁发禁令。你得问问自己，他们到底在害怕什么？ This year, the Senate has delayed a vote on President Obama‘s nominee for Surgeon General – Dr.Vivek Murthy, a Harvard physician – because he had the audacity to say that gun violence is a public health crisis that should be tackled.The gall of him!今年，参议院延迟对奥巴马总统提名的卫生局局长——哈佛内科医师席菲克·莫西博士进行表决。原因是，他大胆地说，枪支暴力是一大应当处理的公共卫生危机。他胆子太大了。

Let‘s get serious: When 86 Americans are killed with guns every single day, and shootings regularly occur at our schools and universities – including last week‘s tragedy at Santa Barbara – it would be almost medical malpractice to say anything else.来点严肃的：每天都有86位美国人死于枪杀，枪击事件也经常发生在校园中，包括上周发生在加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的悲剧，除了说这是医疗失当，不知道该说什么了。

But in politics – as it is on too many college campuses – people don‘t listen to facts that run counter to their ideology.They fear them.And nothing is more frightening to them than scientific evidence.在政治上，就如在很多的大学校园中一样，人们不愿意听到与自己意识形态相抵触的事实，他们害怕这类事实。而且没有什么比科学证据更让他们恐惧的了。

Earlier this year, the State of South Carolina adopted new science standards for its public schools – but the state legislature blocked any mention of natural selection.That‘s like teaching economics – without mentioning supply and demand.年初的时候，南卡罗来纳州对其公立大学采用了新的科学教育标准，州议会尽然禁止在教学中提及自然选择，这就像教经济学却不讲供需。

Once again, you have to ask: What are they afraid of? 你得再问那个问题，他们害怕什么？ The answer, of course, is obvious: Just as members of Congress fear data that undermines their ideological beliefs, these state legislators fear scientific evidence that undermines their religious beliefs.答案显而易见，和国会议员害怕数据会破坏他们意识形态一样，这些州议会议员害怕科学证据破坏他们的宗教信念。

And if you want proof of that, consider this: An 8-year old girl in South Carolina wrote to members of the state legislature urging them to make the Woolly Mammoth the official state fossil.The legislators thought it was a great idea, because a Woolly Mammoth fossil was found in the state way back in 1725.But the state senate passed a bill defining the Woolly Mammoth as having been ―created on the 6th day with the beasts of the field.‖

若你想要证据，可以考虑这个：南卡罗来纳州一位8岁的女孩给州议员们写了一封信，请他们将猛犸象定位官方州化石，州议员认为这个主意很好，因为猛犸象化石早在1725年就在该州发现。然后参议院通过的法案中却将猛犸象定义为―第六天与其他陆生动物一同被（上帝）创造出来的‖。

You can‘t make this stuff up.这事你不能胡编乱造。

Here in 21st century America, the wall between church and state remains under attack – and it‘s up to all of us to man the barricades.在21世纪的美国，教会和国家之间的壁垒仍在遭受攻击，这就需要靠我们来将两者分开。

Unfortunately, the same elected officials who put ideology and religion over data and science when it comes to guns and evolution are often the most unwilling to accept the scientific data on climate change.很不幸的是，在遇到枪支与进化论时将意识形态与宗教观念置于数据与科学证据之上的当选官员，大多都是不愿意接受气候变化科学证据的那些人。Now, don‘t get me wrong: scientific skepticism is healthy.But there is a world of difference between scientific skepticism that seeks out more evidence and ideological stubbornness that shuts it out.别误解我的意思，科学怀疑主义是合理的，但是寻求更多证据的科学怀疑主义和意识形态上拒绝科学证据的顽固不化，有着巨大的差别。

Given the general attitude of many elected officials toward science it‘s no wonder that the federal government has abdicated its responsibility to invest in scientific research, much of which occurs at our universities.鉴于许多当选官员对科学都是这种态度，联邦政府没能尽到自己的职责，在大学投资科学研究也就不足为奇了。

Today, federal spending on research and development as a percentage of GNP is lower than it has been in more than 50 years which is allowing the rest of the world to catch up – and even surpass – the U.S.in scientific research.如今，联邦政府用于研发的支出，在国民生产总值中的百分比是五十余年来最低的，这让世界其他国家有机会赶上，甚至超过美国的科学研究。

The federal government is flunking science, just as many state governments are.联邦政府在科学上是不及格的，跟很多州政府一样。

We must not become a country that turns our back on science, or on each other.And you graduates must help lead the way.我们国家不应该背离科学，内部也不应该互相仇视。而各位毕业生你们有责任引领国家步入正轨，On every issue, we must follow the evidence where it leads and listen to people where they are.If we do that, there is no problem we cannot solve.No gridlock we cannot break.No compromise we cannot broker.在每个问题上，我们都应该遵循有理有据的原则，倾听他人的不同意见，只要我们这样做，就没有不能解决的问题，没有打不破的僵局，没有达不成的妥协。The more we embrace a free exchange of ideas, and the more we accept that political diversity is healthy, the stronger our society will be.当我们能拥抱思想自由交流，接受政治的多元化，我们的社会就会更加健全，更加强盛。

Now, I know this has not been a traditional commencement speech, and in fact it may keep me from passing a dissertation defense in the humanities department, but there is no easy time to say hard things.我知道，我的演讲有别有于传统的毕业典礼演讲。事实上，这甚至可能让我无法通过人文系的论文答辩。但是，没有一个轻松的时刻，是说重话的好时机。

Graduates: Throughout your lives, do not be afraid of saying what you believe is right, no matter how unpopular it may be, especially when it comes to defending the rights of others.毕业生们，在你们一生中，不要害怕说出自己认为正确的事，不管这事有多么不受欢迎，特别是在捍卫他人权利的时候。

Standing up for the rights of others is in some ways even more important than standing up for your own rights.Because when people seek to repress freedom for some, and you remain silent, you are complicit in that repression and you may well become its victim.站出来捍卫他人的权利，有时比捍卫自身权利更为重要，因为当人们试图限制他人自由的时候，你可能会保持沉默，这样你将会助长这种限制，哪天你可能也会成为受害者。

Do not be complicit, and do not follow the crowd.Speak up, and fight back.不要沆瀣一气，不要人云亦云，大胆说出来，反击。

You will take your lumps, I can assure you of that.You will lose some friends and make some enemies.I can assure you of that too.But the arc of history will be on your side, and our nation will be stronger for it.我敢肯定这样做，你会受到批评。我敢肯定这样做，你还会失去一些朋友，树立一些敌人。我敢肯定你还会这样做。历史的弧线会偏向你这一边，而我们的国家也会因此更加强盛。

Now, all of you graduates have earned today‘s celebration, you have a lot to be proud of，a lot to be grateful for.So tonight, as you leave this great university behind, have one last Scorpion Bowl at the Kong – on second thought, don‘t – and tomorrow, get to work making our country and our world freer than ever, for everyone.现在，各位毕业生经过努力赢得了今天的庆典，你们可以很自豪、很激动。今晚，在你们离开这所顶尖大学之前，去香港楼来最后一碗蝎子碗....仔细一想想，还是不要吧。明天，你们需要行动起来，让我们的国家和世界对每个人都更自由，并永远自由下去。[注：香港楼是一家中餐馆，蝎子碗是一种加了果汁和冰块的酒]

God bless and good luck.上帝保佑你们好运！

第二篇：2016哈佛毕业演讲——斯皮尔伯格

2016哈佛毕业演讲——斯皮尔伯格

非常感谢，Faust校长，Paul Choi校长，谢谢你们。

Thank you, thank you, President Faust, and Paul Choi, thank you so much.非常荣幸能被邀请成为哈佛2016年毕业典礼的演讲嘉宾，在众位优秀的毕业生、热情的朋友和诸位家长前做此次演讲。今天我们集聚一堂，祝贺2016届哈佛毕业生顺利毕业。

It’s an honor and a thrill to address this group of distinguished alumni and supportive friends and kvelling parents.We’ve all gathered to share in the joy of this day, so please join me in congratulating Harvard’s Class of 2016.我清楚记得自己的毕业典礼，因为它发生在14年前。你们有多少人花了37年毕业的？像你们大多数一样，我也是十几岁时开始上大学，但是我大二时获得了好莱坞环球影城的理想工作机会，所以我辍学了。我告诉我父母，如果我的电影事业发展的不顺利，我会重新入学。

I can remember my own college graduation, which is easy, since it was only 14 years ago.How many of you took 37 years to graduate? Because, like most of you, I began college in my teens, but sophomore year, I was offered my dream job at Universal Studios, so I dropped out.I told my parents if my movie career didn’t go well, I’d re-enroll.但我的电影事业一切进展顺利。It went all right.最后，我因为很重要的原因重新回到学校。不同的人因为不同的理由回到大学里读完学业，有人为了教育，有人为了父母，我是为了我的孩子。我是七个孩子的父亲，一直强调上大学的重要性，但是我却没有上完大学。所以，在我50岁时，我重新回到加州州立大学长滩分校就读，并且获得学位。另外补充一点：因为我拍摄的三部《侏罗纪公园》，古生物学课给了我学分，非常感谢。

But eventually, I returned for one big reason.Most people go to college for an education, and some go for their parents, but I went for my kids.I’m the father of seven, and I kept insisting on the importance of going to college, but I hadn’t walked the walk.So, in my fifties, I re-enrolled at Cal State--Long Beach, and I earned my degree.I just have to add: It helped that they gave me course credit in paleontology for the work I did on Jurassic Park.That’s three units forJurassic Park, thank you.当然，我选择辍学是因为我清楚地知道我想做什么。你们当中有些人或许清楚地知道自己想做什么，有些人却并不知道。也许你曾经认为知道了自己想做什么，但现在却在质疑自己的选择；也许你们正坐在这里，试图找到方法告诉自己的父母你想成为一名医生而不是喜剧作家。

Well I left college because I knew exactly what I wanted to do, and some of you know, too--but some of you don’t.Or maybe you thought you knew but are now questioning that choice.Maybe you’re sitting there trying to figure out how to tell your parents that you want to be a doctor and not a comedy writer.你们接下来选择做的事情，在电影里我们称作为“角色定义时刻”（character defining moment)。有些时刻场景你们非常熟悉，比如《星球大战：原力觉醒》里，Rey意识到身体里的原力，或者是《夺宝奇兵》里印第安那·琼斯战胜恐惧自愿送入“蛇口”。

Well, what you choose to do next is what we call in the movies the ‘character-defining moment.’ Now, these are moments you’re very familiar with, like in the last Star Wars: The Force Awakens, when Rey realizes the force is with her.Or Indiana Jones choosing mission over fear by jumping over a pile of snakes.一部两个小时的电影里，你会看到很多角色定义时刻，但是现实生活中，你每天都会遇到。人生如戏，人生是一系列强有力的“角色定义时刻”。我很幸运18岁的时候就清楚自己想要做什么，但是我却不清楚“我是谁”。怎么会呢？我们怎么会不知道自己是谁呢？因为我们25岁之前，我们一直都在听取别人的声音，家长、老师向我们灌输智慧和信息，领导、导师以他们的角度告诉我们世界如何运转。

Now in a two-hour movie, you get a handful of character-defining moments, but in real life, you face them every day.Life is one strong, long string of character-defining moments.And I was lucky that at 18 I knew what I exactly wanted to do.But I didn’t know who I was.How could I? And how could any of us? Because for the first 25 years of our lives, we are trained to listen to voices that are not our own.Parents and professors fill our heads with wisdom and information, and then employers and mentors take their place and explain how this world really works.通常这些“声音”有权威性而且奏效，但有时怀疑会涌进我们的内心，尤其是当我们独立思考、发现这与我们的世界观并不一致时。一段时间内我们是可以允许自己压抑自己的想法、与这些矛盾共存的，允许它们定义我们自己的性格，就像哈利·尼尔森唱的“每个人都在议论我，所以我听不到自己内心”。

And usually these voices of authority make sense, but sometimes, doubt starts to creep into our heads and into our hearts.And even when we think, ‘that’s not quite how I see the world,’ it’s kind of easier to just to nod in agreement and go along, and for a while, I let that going along define my character.Because I was repressing my own point of view, because like in that Nilsson song, ‘Everybody was talkin’ at me, so I couldn’t hear the echoes of my mind.’

起初，我需要听取的内心声音几乎不可闻，很难被注意到，就像我高中时期。但是一旦我开始留意内心所想，直觉就会降临。

And at first, the internal voice I needed to listen to was hardly audible, and it was hardly noticeable--kind of like me in high school.But then I started paying more attention, and my intuition kicked in.我想大家需要明确一点：直觉并不同于意识。它们通常同时运作，但是有一点不同的是：你的意识会告诉你这是你应该做的，然而直觉会悄悄说这是你能做的，听从那个告诉你能做什么的声音，没有什么比它更能定义你的角色。And I want to be clear that your intuition is different from your conscience.They work in tandem, but here’s the distinction: Your conscience shouts, ‘here’s what you should do,’ while your intuition whispers, ‘here’s what you could do.’ Listen to that voice that tells you what you could do.Nothing will define your character more than that.当我选择项目时，我会听从我的直觉，全力投入到一些项目中去，而放弃其他。

Because once I turned to my intuition, and I tuned into it, certain projects began to pull me into them, and others, I turned away from.直到19世纪80年代时，我的电影中的大多数，我猜你们可以称之为“逃避现实”。我不会拒绝任何这些电影的邀约，不只是《1941》。不止那一部，很多早期电影反映了我当时内心的价值观，如今我仍然在这样做。但是我当时处于自己的电影泡沫中，因为我的辍学，我受限的世界观部分来自于我的想象，而不是外界教会我的。

And up until the 1980s, my movies were mostly, I guess what you could call ‘escapist.’ And I don’t dismiss any of these movies--not even 1941.Not even that one.And many of these early films reflected the values that I cared deeply about, and I still do.But I was in a celluloid bubble, because I’d cut my education short, my worldview was limited to what I could dream up in my head, not what the world could teach me.但是当我执导电影《紫色》时，这部电影开拓了我的眼界，印象颇为深刻。这个故事充满了深刻的痛苦和真理，就像当时Shug Avery说的，“一切都需要被爱”。我的本能直觉告诉我这些富有灵感的电影人物应当被更多人所知道。通过制作那个电影，我认识到了制作电影可以是一个使命。

But then I directed The Color Purple.And this one film opened my eyes to experiences that I never could have imagined, and yet were all too real.This story was filled with deep pain and deeper truths, like when Shug Avery says, ‘Everything wants to be loved.’ My gut, which was my intuition, told me that more people needed to meet these characters and experience these truths.And while making that film, I realized that a movie could also be a mission.我希望你们每个人都要有使命感。不要等待，不要害怕，直接面对使命感所带来的一切风险和挑战。

I hope all of you find that sense of mission.Don’t turn away from what’s painful.Examine it.Challenge it.我的任务是制作时长两个小时却能改变世界的电影。你们的任务是改变世界，你们是未来的希望，勇敢的创新者、开拓者、领导者和执行者。

My job is to create a world that lasts two hours.Your job is to create a world that lasts forever.You are the future innovators, motivators, leaders and caretakers.你们开启光明未来的方法是学习历史。《侏罗纪公园》的编剧Michael Crichton，毕业于哈佛医学院，经常引用他最喜欢的一位教授说过的话“如果你不懂历史，你就一无所知。”就如同你是一片树叶却不自知作为树木一部分的角色。所以历史专业的学生们，从历史和文化的角度来讲，你们做了很棒的选择，虽然工作上并没有明显优势。

And the way you create a better future is by studying the past.Jurassic Parkwriter Michael Crichton, who graduated from both this college and this medical school, liked to quote a favorite professor of his who said that if you didn’t know history, you didn’t know anything.You were a leaf that didn’t know it was part of a tree.So history majors: Good choice, you’re in great shape...Not in the job market, but culturally.我们剩下的人就需要多做出些努力。社会化媒介的使命是是诠释现在和未来，但是我不断在挑战让我的孩子们能够多花一些时间了解背后的故事，去探究真正发生了什么。因为弄懂自己是谁就是探究父母是谁，了解他们祖父母是谁。美国是一个移民国家，过去和现在都是，所以透过祖父母就知道他们移民过来时这个国家是什么样子。

The rest of us have to make a little effort.Social media that we’re inundated and swarmed with is about the here and now.But I’ve been fighting and fighting inside my own family to get all my kids to look behind them, to look at what already has happened.Because to understand who they are is to understand who were were, and who their grandparents were, and then, what this country was like when they emigrated here.We are a nation of immigrants--at least for now.对我来说，这意味着我们每个人都有自己的故事可讲，都有很多故事可讲。如果可以的话，和你的父母、祖父母聊聊天，听听他们的故事，我保证，就像我向我的孩子保证的一样，一定收获颇丰，绝对不会无聊。

So to me, this means we all have to tell our own stories.We have so many stories to tell.Talk to your parents and your grandparents, if you can, and ask them about their stories.And I promise you, like I have promised my kids, you will not be bored.这是我为什么总是基于现实生活制作电影。我阅读历史，并不是为了说教——这只是额外好处——而是因为历史充斥着最伟大的故事。英雄与恶棍都不是文学中的构想，他们是所有历史的核心。

And that’s why I so often make movies based on real-life events.I look to history not to be didactic, ‘cause that’s just a bonus, but I look because the past is filled with the greatest stories that have ever been told.Heroes and villains are not literary constructs, but they’re at the heart of all history.这也是为什么听从内心如此重要的原因。这也是迫使林肯和辛德勒做出正确的道德选择的原因。在你的定义时刻里，不要让道德心因为利己左右摇摆。坚持自我需要勇气，而勇敢需要背后很多人的支持。

And again, this is why it’s so important to listen to your internal whisper.It’s the same one that compelled Abraham Lincoln and Oskar Schindler to make the correct moral choices.In your defining moments, do not let your morals be swayed by convenience or expediency.Sticking to your character requires a lot of courage.And to be courageous, you’re going to need a lot of support.如果你足够幸运，你会有父母的支持，像我一样。我把母亲看做我的幸运女神。12岁时，我父亲给了我一个电影摄像机，也是因为有了这个，我可以更好的去感知这个世界，我很感谢我的父亲。现在我很感激父亲也来到哈佛坐在这里。

And if you’re lucky, you have parents like mine.I consider my mom my lucky charm.And when I was 12 years old, my father handed me a movie camera, the tool that allowed me to make sense of this world.And I am so grateful to him for that.And I am grateful that he’s here at Harvard, sitting right down there.我父亲今年99岁了，只比怀德纳图书馆（哈佛最大的图书馆今年100年）年轻1岁，但是不像这个图书馆可以翻新，父亲已容颜苍老。另外，父亲，在你身后有一位99岁的女士，这个之后我会介绍她，好吗？

My dad is 99 years old, which means he’s only one year younger than Widener Library.But unlike Widener, he’s had zero cosmetic work.And dad, there’s a lady behind you, also 99, and I’ll introduce you after this is over, okay? 虽然你的家人并不能到场，但他们始终在背后支持你。《美好人生》结尾时，Clarence在书上写下了这样的话：只要你还拥有朋友，你的人生就不是失败的。希望你们毕业之后能继续保持在哈佛结下的友谊，并从中收获能与之分享生活的人。我一直在强调直觉的重要性，而它也应当成为你生活中最重要的声音，直到你遇见一生挚爱。当我遇见Kate和她结婚时，我体会到了这一点，这也成为我生命中最重要的“角色定义时刻”。

But look, if your family’s not always available, there’s backup.Near the end of It’s a Wonderful Life--you remember that movie, It’s a Wonderful Life? Clarence the Angel inscribes a book with this: “No man is a failure who has friends.” And I hope you hang on to the friendships you’ve made here at Harvard.And among your friends, I hope you find someone you want to share your life with.I imagine some of you in this yard may be a tad cynical, but I want to be unapologetically sentimental.I spoke about the importance of intuition and how there’s no greater voice to follow.That is, until you meet the love of your life.And this is what happened when I met and married Kate, and that became the greatest character-defining moment of my life.爱、支持、勇气、直觉，所有这些东西都是成为英雄需要的，但是成为英雄还需要一样东西：战胜恶棍。你们都是幸运的，这个世界有很多“怪兽”，比如种族歧视、对同性恋的歧视、种族仇恨、阶级仇恨、政治仇恨、宗教仇恨等。

Love, support, courage, intuition.All of these things are in your hero’s quiver, but still, a hero needs one more thing: A hero needs a villain to vanquish.And you’re all in luck.This world is full of monsters.And there’s racism, homophobia, ethnic hatred, class hatred, there’s political hatred, and there’s religious hatred.当我还是孩子时，因为犹太血统我曾经被欺凌。这很令人苦恼，但是比起我父母和祖父母面对的局面，这个轻多了。我们真的相信反犹太主义正在消逝，但是我们错了。过去两年间，将近20000犹太人离开欧洲寻找更好的生存之地。今年早期时候，奥巴马总统讲述这个可悲的事实时我身在以色列大使馆。他说：“我们必须直面这个事实，反犹太主义再度高涨，我们不能否认这个事实”。

As a kid, I was bullied--for being Jewish.This was upsetting, but compared to what my parents and grandparents had faced, it felt tame.Because we truly believed that anti-Semitism was fading.And we were wrong.Over the last two years, nearly 20,000 Jews have left Europe to find higher ground.And earlier this year, I was at the Israeli embassy when President Obama stated the sad truth.He said: ‘We must confront the reality that around the world, anti-Semitism is on the rise.We cannot deny it.’

面对这个事实，我遵从内心，1994年创立了纳粹屠犹研究基金会USC Shoah Foundation。自从那时候，我们和63个国家53000位大屠杀幸存者和经历者交谈，制作视频证据材料。现在我们在收集来自卢旺达、柬埔寨、亚美尼亚、南京种族灭绝中的证据材料。因为我们永远不会忘记这场难以置信的屠杀行动，但它却频繁发生。这些暴行现在仍然在发生。我们不禁疑问“这样的仇恨什么时候停止？”更会好奇“它到底是怎么发生的？”

My own desire to confront that reality compelled me to start, in 1994, the Shoah Foundation.And since then, we’ve spoken to over 53,000 Holocaust survivors and witnesses in 63 countries and taken all their video testimonies.And we’re now gathering testimonies from genocides in Rwanda, Cambodia, Armenia and Nanking.Because we must never forget that the inconceivable doesn’t happen--it happens frequently.Atrocities are happening right now.And so we wonder not just, ‘When will this hatred end?’ but, ‘How did it begin?’

现在，我不得不告诉Red Sox的粉丝，我们厌烦部落主义。除了为主队加油外，部落主义也有其黑暗的一面。由于基因，我们把世界分为“我们”和“他们”。因此。目前亟待解决的问题是：我们如何团结起来寻找所谓的“我们”？我们如何做这件事？这仍需要我们做更多努力做更多工作，有时我感觉这项工作甚至从未开始。不仅是反犹太主义正在高涨，伊斯兰恐惧也正在高涨。被歧视的任何人没有区别，都是因为“仇恨”，无论是穆斯林、犹太人、边境的少数民族还是同性恋群体。

Now, I don’t have to tell a crowd of Red Sox fans that we are wired for tribalism.But beyond rooting for the home team, tribalism has a much darker side.Instinctively and maybe even genetically, we divide the world into ‘us’ and ‘them.’ So the burning question must be: How do all of us together find the ‘we?’ How do we do that? There’s still so much work to be done, and sometimes I feel the work hasn’t even begun.And it’s not just anti-Semitism that’s surging--Islamophobia’s on the rise, too.Because there’s no difference between anyone who is discriminated against, whether it’s the Muslims, or the Jews, or minorities on the border states, or the LGBT community--it is all big one hate.于我而言，对你们而言，摆脱更多仇恨的唯一答案就是更多人性。我们必须用好奇心代替恐惧。“我们”和“他们”——我们要通过与每个人建立联系，来找到“我们”。相信我们是同一部落的成员，与每一个灵魂感同身受，即便是隔壁耶鲁大学的学生。（我的儿子毕业于耶鲁大学，谢谢。）

And to me, and, I think, to all of you, the only answer to more hate is more humanity.We gotta repair--we have to replace fear with curiosity.‘Us’ and ‘them’--we’ll find the ‘we’ by connecting with each other.And by believing that we’re members of the same tribe.And by feeling empathy for every soul--even Yalies.My son graduated from Yale, thank you …

同情心不只是应该停留在感性层面，而应将其付诸实践，比如选举、和平的抗议，为那些不能畅所欲言或者有困难的人辩护与高呼。如果你热衷帮助他人，请遵从你的内心，竭尽所能。

But make sure this empathy isn’t just something that you feel.Make it something you act upon.That means vote.Peaceably protest.Speak up for those who can’t and speak up for those who may be shouting but aren’t being hard.Let your conscience shout as loud as it wants if you’re using it in the service of others.如果说到帮助他人的行为，你不妨看看好莱坞那个有价值的纪念教堂。它的南墙以哈佛校友会命名，以二战牺牲生命的学生、校职员工们，总共697条生命。他们曾经行走于你们现在站立的地方，却已经离我们而去。1945年，这个教堂开始使用时，哈佛的James Conant校长赋予这些勇敢的人们以荣誉，呼吁大家学习他们这种事迹，学会反省。

And as an example of action in service of others, you need to look no further than this Hollywood-worthy backdrop of Memorial Church.Its south wall bears the names of Harvard alumni--like President Faust has already mentioned--students and faculty members, who gave their lives in World War II.All told, 697 souls, who once tread the ground where stand now, were lost.And at a service in this church in late 1945, Harvard President James Conant--which President Faust also mentioned--honored the brave and called upon the community to ‘reflect the radiance of their deeds.’

70年后，这些话仍然适用。因为他们的牺牲并不是一代人能偿还的简单债务。每一代人都必须学会感激。就像我们不能忘记那些暴行一样，我们也不能忘记那些为自由抗争的人士。因此当你离开校园进入社会时，请继续保持反省的精神，向他们学习，就像《拯救大兵瑞恩》里说的，“不要辜负你的生命”。

Seventy years later, this message still holds true.Because their sacrifice is not a debt that can be repaid in a single generation.It must be repaid with every generation.Just as we must never forget the atrocities, we must never forget those who fought for freedom.So as you leave this college and head out into the world, continue please to ‘reflect the radiance of their deeds,’ or as Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryanwould say, “Earn this.”

请保持联系，不要忽视眼神交流。可能这并不是你希望从创造了媒体的人身上听到的道理，但是现在我们花费大量时间在手机上，而不是看身边的人。所以，从现在开始，在座的各位，请与你周边的人身边任何人对视几秒钟。他们也许站在你身后，也许隔着几排人，眼神交流即可。你现在感受到的就是我们要分享的博爱精神，即便混合着一点点社会不安。

And please stay connected.Please never lose eye contact.This may not be a lesson you want to hear from a person who creates media, but we are spending more time looking down at our devices than we are looking in each other’s eyes.So, forgive me, but let’s start right now.Everyone here, please find someone’s eyes to look into.Students, and alumni and you too, President Faust, all of you, turn to someone you don’t know or don’t know very well.They may be standing behind you, or a couple of rows ahead.Just let your eyes meet.That’s it.That emotion you’re feeling is our shared humanity mixed in with a little social discomfort.即便你不记得今天的任何东西，我希望你能记住此刻的交流。你们所有人过去四年发生了很多故事，即将开启新的人生，你们今天站立的地方，下一代人也会站立在这。我在我的电影里想象过很多种未来的可能性，但你们将决定真正的未来，我希望那将是正义和和平。But, if you remember nothing else from today, I hope you remember this moment of human connection.And I hope you all had a lot of that over the past four years.Because today you start down the path of becoming the generation on which the next generation stands.And I’ve imagined many possible futures in my films, but you will determine the actual future.And I hope that it’s filled with justice and peace.最后，我希望你们都能有一个“真正的，好莱坞式的欢乐大结局”。我希望你们能跑赢T.rex恐龙，能抓到罪犯，另外，考虑到你们的父母，时不时地象E.T.一样，回家看看！谢谢大家！

And finally, I wish you all a true, Hollywood-style happy ending.I hope you outrun the T.rex, catch the criminal and for your parents’ sake, maybe every now and then, just like E.T.: Go home.Thank you.

第三篇：JKRowling哈佛毕业演讲

J.K.Rowling, author of the best-selling Harry Potter book series, delivers her Commencement Address, “The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination,” at the Annual Meeting of the Harvard Alumni Association.Text as delivered follows.Copyright of JK Rowling, June 2008

President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates.The first thing I would like to say is „thank you.‟ Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight.A win-win situation!Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world‟s largest Gryffindor reunion.Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility;or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation.The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock.Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can‟t remember a single word she said.This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.You see? If all you remember in years to come is the „gay wizard‟ joke, I‟ve come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock.Achievable goals: the first step to self improvement.Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today.I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that have expired between that day and this.I have come up with two answers.On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure.And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes called „real life‟, I want to extol the crucial importance of imagination.These may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but please bear with me.Looking back at the 21-year-old that I was at graduation, is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become.Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels.However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that would never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.I know that the irony strikes with the force of a cartoon anvil, now.So they hoped that I would take a vocational degree;I wanted to study English Literature.A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages.Hardly had my parents‟ car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics;they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day.Of all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view.There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction;the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you.What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty.They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience.Poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression;it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships.Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.What I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated;you have never known hardship or heartbreak.Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the Fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled privilege and contentment.However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure.You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average person‟s idea of success, so high have you already flown.Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let it.So I think it fair to say that by any conventional measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale.An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless.The fears that my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun.That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution.I had no idea then how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential.I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me.Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged.I was set free, because my greatest fear had been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea.And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable.It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default.Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations.Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way.I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected;I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies.The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity.Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more than any qualification I ever earned.So given a Time Turner, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement.Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two.Life is difficult, and complicated, and beyond anyone‟s total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.Now you might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so.Though I personally will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense.Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation.In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise with humans whose experiences we have never shared.One of the greatest formative experiences of my life preceded Harry Potter, though it informed much of what I subsequently wrote in those books.This revelation came in the form of one of my earliest day jobs.Though I was sloping off to write stories during my lunch hours, I paid the rent in my early 20s by working at the African research department at Amnesty International‟s headquarters in London.There in my little office I read hastily scribbled letters smuggled out of totalitarian regimes by men and women who were risking imprisonment to inform the outside world of what was happening to them.I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends.I read the testimony of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries.I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts of summary trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced from their homes, or fled into exile, because they had the temerity to speak against their governments.Visitors to our offices included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those they had left behind.I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland.He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him.He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child.I was given the job of escorting him back to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.And as long as I live I shall remember walking along an empty corridor and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream of pain and horror such as I have never heard since.The door opened, and the researcher poked out her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her.She had just had to give him the news that in retaliation for his own outspokenness against his country‟s regime, his mother had been seized and executed.Every day of my working week in my early 20s I was reminded how incredibly fortunate I was, to live in a country with a democratically elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.Every day, I saw more evidence about the evils humankind will inflict on their fellow humans, to gain or maintain power.I began to have nightmares, literal nightmares, about some of the things I saw, heard, and read.And yet I also learned more about human goodness at Amnesty International than I had ever known before.Amnesty mobilises thousands of people who have never been tortured or imprisoned for their beliefs to act on behalf of those who have.The power of human empathy, leading to collective action, saves lives, and frees prisoners.Ordinary people, whose personal well-being and security are assured, join together in huge numbers to save people they do not know, and will never meet.My small participation in that process was one of the most humbling and inspiring experiences of my life.Unlike any other creature on this planet, humans can learn and understand, without having experienced.They can think themselves into other people‟s places.Of course, this is a power, like my brand of fictional magic, that is morally neutral.One might use such an ability to manipulate, or control, just as much as to understand or sympathise.And many prefer not to exercise their imaginations at all.They choose to remain comfortably within the bounds of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are.They can refuse to hear screams or to peer inside cages;they can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally;they can refuse to know.I might be tempted to envy people who can live that way, except that I do not think they have any fewer nightmares than I do.Choosing to live in narrow spaces leads to a form of mental agoraphobia, and that brings its own terrors.I think the wilfully unimaginative see more monsters.They are often more afraid.What is more, those who choose not to empathise enable real monsters.For without ever committing an act of outright evil ourselves, we collude with it, through our own apathy.One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured at the age of 18, in search of something I could not then define, was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives.It expresses, in part, our inescapable connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other people‟s lives simply by existing.But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other people‟s lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities.Even your nationality sets you apart.The great majority of you belong to the world‟s only remaining superpower.The way you vote, the way you live, the way you protest, the pressure you bring to bear on your government, has an impact way beyond your borders.That is your privilege, and your burden.If you choose to use your status and influence to raise your voice on behalf of those who have no voice;if you choose to identify not only with the powerful, but with the powerless;if you retain the ability to imagine yourself into the lives of those who do not have your advantages, then it will not only be your proud families who celebrate your existence, but thousands and millions of people whose reality you have helped change.We do not need magic to change the world, we carry all the power we need inside ourselves already: we have the power to imagine better.I am nearly finished.I have one last hope for you, which is something that I already had at 21.The friends with whom I sat on graduation day have been my friends for life.They are my children‟s godparents, the people to whom I‟ve been able to turn in times of trouble, people who have been kind enough not to sue me when I took their names for Death Eaters.At our graduation we were bound by enormous affection, by our shared experience of a time that could never come again, and, of course, by the knowledge that we held certain photographic evidence that would be exceptionally valuable if any of us ran for Prime Minister.So today, I wish you nothing better than similar friendships.And tomorrow, I hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of Seneca, another of those old Romans I met when I fled down the Classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom: As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.I wish you all very good lives.Thank you very much.

第四篇：哈佛校长2016毕业演讲

哈佛校长2016毕业演讲：谁来讲述你的故事? 只有你自己

当你告诉别人你的故事，是为了发现真正的你，而不是那个别人认为你应该成为的那个你!听别人的建议，但是做你自己的决定!——哈佛校长 Drew Gilpin Faust 去从事你真正关心的事业吧，无论是物理还是神经科学，无论是金融还是电影制片。如果你想好了目的地，就直接往那里去吧。这就是我的“停车位理论”：不要因为觉得肯定没有停车位了，就把车停在距离目的地10个街区远的地方。直接去你想去的地方，如果车位已满，你总可以再绕回来。

哈佛校长2016毕业演讲：谁来讲述你的故事? 只有你自己 人们也许会说哈佛是天堂，充满了各种难以想象的机遇和好运——确实，我们每个人都有幸在她漫长而成功的历史中占有一席之地。但这也对我们提出了要求：我们有责任走出自己的舒适区，寻找属于我们的挑战，践行哈佛奋斗不息的精神。

在我准备今天演讲的时候，我想到了音乐剧《汉密尔顿》中最后那首歌里的问题： 谁来讲述你的故事? 我想这个问题奠定了你们过去四年大学生活的基调，也将对你们未来作为哈佛毕业生和校友的生活产生深远的影响，无论是作为公民或是领袖—— 谁，来讲述你的故事? 是你，你要来讲述你的故事!这就是今天我要对你们说的话：讲你自己的故事，一个充满了无限可能性和新秩序的崭新故事，这是每一代人的任务，也是现在摆在你面前的任务。你在哈佛所接受的文理博雅教育，将会用以下三种重要方式，帮助你去完成这项任务。听别人的建议，做你自己的决定

讲述你的故事意味着发现你自己是谁——而不是成为别人认为你的谁。你要参考别人的意见，但要做出自己的决定。讲述一个别人定义好的或别人希望听到的故事，那太容易了。哈佛的传奇人物之

一、可敬的彼得·戈麦斯教授曾说：“不要让任何人替你把话说完。”戈麦斯教授自己经常“自相矛盾”，令人难以捉摸，但永远忠于他自己：他是一位剑桥市的共和党人(注：在哈佛所在的剑桥市，共和党是少数派);他是一位浸礼会的牧师，但同时是个同性恋(注：基督教大多不支持同性恋);他是朝圣者协会的会长，同时又是一位黑人(注：朝圣者协会白人居多)。

他对自己的信仰坚定不移，他不为外人的期望牵挂束缚。他说：“我的不同寻常，让开启新的对话变为可能。”

开启与他人的对话，倾听他人的故事

开启新的对话，这是我的下一个重点。讲述我们自己的故事并不意味着只关注我们自己。讲故事是与他人对话，借此探寻更远大的目标、探索其他的世界、探究不同的思维方式——你所受的教育不是一个真空的大泡沫。

如果我们只讲述单一的故事，那将是危险的，就像诺大的场地只有一个逃生口，令所有人变得异常脆弱。单一的故事不一定是假的，但它是不完整的。所有的故事都很重要，不能把单一角度的故事变成唯一的故事。

过去四年，你们感受到了倾听他人故事的益处，也体验到了忽略他人故事所带来的危险。只有意识到，世界上充满了各种各样的故事，我们才能想象一个不一样的未来。21世纪的医疗是什么样?能源是什么样?移民是什么样?城市将如何设计?面对这些问题，你要问的不是“我会成为什么样的人”，而是 我能解决什么问题? “在不安和不确定中，不断修正你的故事” 这也引出了最后一个重点：不断修正。每个故事其实都只是一个草稿，我们连最古老的传说都会不断拿来重提——不管是汉密尔顿将军的故事、美国独立战争的史诗、亦或是哈佛自己的历史。

好的教育之所以好，是因为它让你坐立不安，它强迫你不断重新认识我们自己和我们周遭的世界，并不断去改变。

斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格将在毕业典礼上为我们演讲，他就曾经这样解释他创作的基石：“恐惧是我的动力。当我濒临走投无路的时候，那也是我遇见最好的想法的时候。”

大学，不正是这样一个让每一个人都接受挑战、让每一个人都产生不确定性的地方吗? 就这样，大学四年间，你都一直在学习重新讲述你的故事：寻找你自己的声音，将自己放入一个故事中——无论是对气候变化采取反抗行动，发现你对统计学的热衷，还是发起了一项有意义的运动，你亲眼目睹故事不断被重新讲述。不要妥协，直奔你的目标

这些年，我一直在告诉大家：追随你所爱!去从事你真正关心的事业吧，无论是物理还是神经科学，无论是金融还是电影制片。如果你想好了目的地，就直接往那里去吧。这就是我的“停车位理论”：不要因为觉得肯定没有停车位了，就把车停在距离目的地10个街区远的地方。直接去你想去的地方，如果车位已满，你总可以再绕回来。

所以在这里，我想祝贺你们，2016届的哈佛毕业生们。别忘了你们来自何处，不断改变你的故事，不断重写你的故事。我相信这项任务除了你们自己，谁也无法替你们完成!

第五篇：比尔盖茨哈佛毕业演讲

Bill Gates鈥� Commencement address at Harvard University,2007(extract)

Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great

collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for?

There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the

benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?

Let me make a request of the deans and the professors鈥攖he

intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask

yourselves:

Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?

Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world鈥檚 worst

inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty鈥he prevalence of world hunger鈥he scarcity of clean water鈥he girls kept out of school鈥he children who die from diseases we can cure?

Should the world鈥檚 most privileged people learn about the lives of the world鈥檚 least privileged?

These are not rhetorical questions鈥攜ou will answer with your policies.When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given鈥攊n talent, privilege, and opportunity鈥攖here is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us.In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue鈥攁 complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be

phenomenal.But you don鈥檛 have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get

informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.Don鈥檛 let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave

Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you

abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not?

And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world鈥檚 deepest inequities鈥n how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.Good luck.(words: 497)