CS-第5章—用英文对非英语听众演讲

第一篇：CS-第5章—用英文对非英语听众演讲

Chapter Five Addressed to those for whom English is a foreign language

Errors of particular kinds occur in scripts and talks prepared by those whose first language is not English．The errors make the difference between foreign‘engelish’and idiomatic English．Errors of idiom distract a reader，and errors of pronunciation distract a listener．You want the reader to be attracted，not distracted．This chapter is intended tohelpyou．

Words

Certain errors often occur in translation．Sometimes this is because an English word(control，eventual，sensible)resembles a foreign word that has another meaning．Other troublesome words are discussed below．

abolishment is not a word．Write abolition．

acknowledge．One may acknowledge receiving a gift，but one does not acknowledge a person for help；one thanks him．

adoption is probably not what you mean；try adaptation．

also commonly occurs in a wrong place；the best place is usually before the main verb．The same is true for already．The editor may delete the words because they are not always needed in the English translation．

both．‘Both wires were not hot’Ieaves it uncertain whether one of them was hot．Write‘neither wire was hot', if both were cold．

control，the verb，does not mean count，examine，inspect or observe，at least not in scientific English．Control means govern，maintain or limit a variable such as a rate of flow or a temperature．Measure, check or monitor may be what the writer means．Control，the noun，is well understood and needs no explanation．

could and able occur too ofton．‘We could measure’or‘were able to measure’tells only of the abifity to measure．If you actually measured，say so:‘we measured’is definite．In‘the friction could be too great’perhaps the writer meant‘．．．may have been’．

demonstrate is often written where another word would be better．The word has various meanings，the most usual being physically to display or show something happening．‘Nob reports that leaves of some trees contain gold’is more cautious than‘Nob has demonstrated．．．’．Show is less grandiloquent than demonstrate，but is not always suitable．Write‘the results show’[not demonstrate]；but write‘Cob has found，rather than‘Cob has shown’because he was writing about his experiments not showing them．‘Table 3 shows’is better than‘It can be seen in Table 3’．Usually，‘it has been demonstrated that’may be omitted: if you write about another’s observation，write in the present tense；the meanmg should then be understood and the five words are not needed．It you saw red grams among predominantly green grains，write that they were seen，not demonstrated．

describe is a transitive verb．You may describe a method or an apparatus．But‘Blob has described that chopped straw makes good fodder’is not good English．Write that he claims，states，writes or reports，orhasclaimed．．．．

dosis is not in common use；write dose．

eventually does not mean maybe．The event will happen-ultimately． experience should not be written for experiment． filtrated should be filtered．

insignificant，which means unimportant，should not be used in statistics．Write‘were not statistically significant’and quote the P value，or write non-significant．If you have no P value，you may write negligible． know should not be used in the sense of to provide knowledge．‘The fossils were studied to know．．．’is not good．Write‘we studied the fossils to find out．．．’．

obtain means acquire，be given．Manipulations provide(not obtain)material．Obtain has the sense of acquire or fetch rather than of give．

quantitate is not(yet)a word in English dictionaries．You may quantify the effects though that is a grandiloquent word for measure or count．

registrated is not a word．A variable may be registered on an instrument such as an altimeter；readings from it are usually recorded rather than registered．

resorption should not be written for absorption，except in re-absorption，or for the special case of resorption of a foetus(fetus)，limb or other part originally produced by the body．

respectivdy．In‘we cleaned the sherds and tiles，respectively’the word respectively is not needed, but is needed in‘we cleaned thesherds and tiles with water and oil，respectively’．Change‘blue respectively red’to‘blue and red，respectively’，and do not shorten to resp.since．Write‘seven years ago’not‘since seven years’．

supposed may be bettered by‘believed’，for example，in‘birds are believed to have evolved from dinosaurs’．

Idiomatic English

Some common errors of idiom will now be discussed．

‘Powder was added and stirred’is not good sense．Write‘Powder was added and the mixture was stirred’． The abbreviation a．o．is not in common use．but‘etc．’is．The abbreviation for number is no．not nr．[1(13).] The term aqua dest.is best avoided．

‘This permits to do that’needs an operator after permits；e．g．us． Patient，the noun，is a sick person；patient，the adjective，means having patience．So patient blood means blood having patience!Write‘blood from patients’or‘patients’blood’． Things compared must be comparable．‘Growth was similar to the controls’needs‘that in’before‘the’．‘Resonances in pipes were unlike rods’needs‘those in’before‘rods’．‘Lymphocytes from treated patients were larger than untreated patients’needs‘those from’after‘than’．

Spelling and pronunciation

Certain words are commonly misspelt: occurred，subtract，oxidation，centrifuged，homogeneous，synthesize，desiccate，naphthol，phthalic，saccharide．If the pronunciation of a word is changed，the meaning may also change．Lead，the noun，pronounced ledd，means Pb；the verb，pronounced leed，means to conduct．Live，pronounced liv，is a verb that means to be alive；pronounced lyve，it is an adjective describing an organism that is alive．Never pronounce the word as leave，which means go away．‘Live[lyve]fishes may be seen in the river where they live[liv]’.[Do you think English is illogical? Yes，it is.]

Use of a dictionary to check meanings of English words

In your Spandanese-Engels dictionary，you may find a word you want in English．Next，back-check the English word in your Engels-Spandanese dictionary．Then consult an English dictionary(Chapter Eight)to confirm that the word is what you want．This procedure-will help you to avoid writing spatial cubicle when you mean spacious cubicle，vaulted caterpillar when you mean arched caterpillar, farourite for favourable，sensible for sensitive，the colour is exactly different, or that the animals’diet was spiked with vitamins．You might be embarrassed were you to see，in print，that you had written permissiveness for permittivity．

While you are using the English dictionary to check the word, note how it is pronounced．

Speaking at conferences

Unless you have often conversed in English, try to find someone who will check your pronunciation．If you empha’size incorr'ect sylla'bles the audience has to interpret words and may lose a sentence during the time it takes you to do that．A lost sentence may ieopardize your argument.So just one mispronunciation may ruin your talk．Forestall such a tragedy by displaying important words in writing．

I tried to follow a talk where the key word was spoken many times, always mispronounced，but never written down．For me，at least，the message failed．

International conventions Use the international decimal point(0.6 g)for papers in English unless your publisher prefers the comma(0,6 g)．Write 100 000 not 100.000 or 100，000 if you mean one hundred thousand．

Encouragement For your comfort I may add that English people，too，find it difficuit to write good English．

When you visit England or any other English, speaking country，or when you watch and listen to television from such a country, you may be appalled by the poor quality of parts of the speech you hdear．You probably have a better knowledge of grammar than do the inhabitants．You may even be able to help to maintain the quality of what is now the International Language，especially when you become an editor．I hope you will do that；I have known Continental European scientists who have done so and I have learned from them．

第二篇：英语3分钟演讲英文

Good morning, everyone.I'm glad to see so many people here.Today's topic is “How to Sell Yourself”.I shall be speaking for about three minutes.There are four main aspects to this topic:firstly, look like a winner;secondly, communicate clearly;thirdly,have a positive and assertive attitude;finally, be prepared.If you have any questions , just interrupt me.I’d like to hear from you.(Thank you for your applause, although you don’t applaud.)

In this competitive society, it is essential to know how to sell yourself in order to get the job you want.As the saying goes: you never get a second chance to make a first impression.That means you must be able to market your best features and present yourself in the best light.After all, a good impression is very important.There are several things you can do to project a good image in an interview.Firstly, look like a winner.Dress conservatively and well, and you'll look like you're going to the top.Dress well to impress and show respect.Dress your best and you'll feel confident and comfortable.Don't overdress yourself , wear something simple but decent.Secondly, communicate clearly.Consider each question carefully and respond with total honesty.Remember to make eye contact and maintain good posture.Try to relax and breathe naturally.Mind your body language.You need to look attentive but also at ease.Thirdly, have a positive and assertive attitude.The old saying goes: the core idea of success is positive mental attitude.It's important to appear confident of your ability and optimistic about your future.Finally, be prepared.Present a professional resume and be ready to explain everything in detail.There is a saying: the good faith is the foundation of the personhood.And you must be honest in the interview.After all, attitude decides everything, detail makes difference.By following the advice above, you are bound to make a good impression on potential employers.Then you will be able to choose the best opportunity for you and take that first step towards success.It is said that opportunity is open to those well prepared for it.Time and opportunity wait for no man.Let's strive together.That’s all.Thank you very much for your attention and your applause.

第三篇：英文开始单词是什么？用英语怎么翻译？

英文开始单词是什么？用英语怎么翻译？

一、开始单词的英文释义

1、简明释义

begin;start;initial stage;beginning;commence;

2、详细释义

a.（从头起； 着手进行）begin;start;initiate;commence:

b.（开始阶段）initial stage;beginning;outset;inception;initiation;onset;dawning:

二、开始用英文怎么说？英文例句

1、你什么时候可以开始？

When can you start?

2、你们什么时候开始的？

When did you begin?

3、这是一个开始。

This is the beginning.4、这盘带子只是个开始。

That tape is the beginning.5、从一开始就确保质量。

Ensure quality from the start.原文来自 必克英语

第四篇：英文演讲(对图片的描述、介绍)

Look at the picture.I met with it on Weibo.It is a picture of a child who described his father.In this picture, a bearded miner father is using his miner’s lamp to light his beloved family.That is, this father is making every effort to support his family.I was really moved not only by the pure and wonderful showing of an ordinary miner father’s greatness, but for his tender and careful love for his father and his sincere thank for his father.It is reported that so many miners are risking their lives to support their families.Among them, there are fathers, or maybe sons.I bet you must remember quite well their dirty and dark faces and their quite rough hands and their dirty and shabby clothes.Those images deeply tug at our hearts.Maybe you still remember a famous picture called Father.It is an ordinary worker father who has shiny dark skin and countless deep wrinkles with his head wrapped by a white cloth.Father is holding on a bowl of water.He has undergone years of suffering but smiles a thin smile, making audience including me filled with a thousand regrets.That is because from either the child’s picture or Father or some public service advertising about parents, every one is apt to recall their own fathers.No matter what their fathers do, maybe farmers, or teachers, or even respected chairmen, our fathers are all spending their whole lives supporting us, loving us.Every time I see some parents beg for their life in rags, I just wonder where their children are and don’t they feel guilty for their beggar parents? We all say that daughter is mother’s little coat.But for my part, my father is my dearest one.Of course I love my mother.But my mother has suffered a disease all her life and she could not tend me more carefully.It is my father who is there to be my tender mother and my strict father and also my sincere friend.My father’s hands are also dark and rough enough.However every time he touches my hands, I feel quite comfortable and safe and warm.I always think that my previous life is my father’s lover.To be his daughter is destiny.You yourselves must treasure your memories with your parents.As Mother’s day is coming, why not express your love to your parents and in the meantime, keep your efforts of studying or working for them to yourselves? At last, I remember there is a popular saying on the Weibo.That is, “姑娘，别再胡思乱想了，世界上最爱你的那个男人已经娶了你妈妈了。” That’s all.Thank you.

第五篇：英文演讲:什么是一口气英语？

What is One Breath English?

Dear ladies and gentlemen:

Thank you for the warm welcome.It's an honor to be here today.I'm here on a mission.I have an important message.I'm convinced it will change your life.English is everywhere.English is a key to success.We must learn and master it.So many of us study English like hell.So few of us can speak it well.What do you think is the reason?

The problem is right here!(point to your brain)

The problem is remembering.The problem is that we forget what we learn.Luckily,through years of research, we've created a new way to learn.With this specially designed material and method, we can retain what we learn forever.It's called One Breath English.What is One Breath English?

Why should we learn it?

What's it all about?

First,it's a breakthrough technique.It's easy to remember.It's designed to be memorized.Repeat nine lines like crazy.Speak as fast as you can.Say it within five seconds.It will become second natrue.It will be ingrained in your memory.You will remember it for the rest of your life.Second,the material is full of life.It's not boring book English.It's the core essence of daily American speech.The content is uplifting.It's consideraate and polite.people will like what you say.You'll gain confidence.You'll communicate better.You'll become a better person.Third,it's fun to learn.It's a five second test.It's just like playing a game.You challenge yourself.You race against the clock.You will improve every time you try.Speak English to yourself day and night.Speak English to everyone around you.It's fun to impress people.Fourth,One Breath English is very healthy.It's a fountain of youth.It will make you become younger.What makes people grow old?

It's anxiety,stress and loss of hope.Reciting English will cure these problems.Chant it over and over.Say it to yourself again and again.Your anxiety,depression,and loneliness will all go away.The bottom line is that One Breath English gets results.It's organized and systematic.It's efficient learning right away.This is a great discovery.It's totally revolutionary.It's unprecedented in language learning history.The English revolution is NOW!

One Breath English is the way.Let's open our books and begin.