第一篇：英文演讲中常使用的12类过渡词
英文演讲中常使用的12类过渡词
在演讲中，你引导的途径越顺畅，听众的积极性就会越高。过渡是成功演讲的重要环节之一，它可以使讲话顺利向下进行。它是你讲话思路的不断延伸，它帮助你从原有的思想向前推进。同时它还是一盏信号灯，告诉你的听众做好进入下一环节的准备。在英文演讲中，有12类不同作用的过渡词，你可以花些时间记下来，需要用到的时候才能信手拈来。
What are speech transition words?
什么是演讲中的过渡语?
Speech transitions are magical words and phrases that help your argument flow smoothly.They often consist of a single transition word or a short transition phrase, but occasionally form an entire sentence.In a written speech, speech transitions are generally found at the start of paragraphs.Speech transitions smooth over the boundary between two ideas, and reveal the relationship between the words just spoken and those about to be spoken.In this way, speech transitions help your audience understand your message.Types of speech transition words
演讲过渡语的类型
There are many types of speech transitions.Each type highlights a different verbal relationship.For example, one type of transition highlights the contrast between two different ideas.Each of these types is cataloged below.For each type, we list just a few of the possible words and phrases.Can you think of others?
1.Transition between Similar Ideas or Points
过渡到相似的观点
Likewise …
Similarly …
This is just like …
In a similar way …
We see the same thing if we consider …
“Speech transitions smooth over the boundary between two ideas, and reveal the relationship between the words just spoken and those about to be spoken.”
2.Transition between Contrasting Ideas or Points
过渡到相反的观点
However …
Conversely …
On the contrary …
On the other side …
On the other hand …
If we flip that around …
Yet, we cannot ignore …
The opposing argument …
If we examine the opposite side, we see …
3.Transition to elaborate upon an idea
转入对观点的详细解释说明
Also …
Moreover …
In addition …
Furthermore …
In other words …
Not only that, but …
4.Transition to Numbered Ideas or Points(or Process Steps)
引出多个观点
First …(The first step is …)
Second …(The second step is …)
Third …(The third step is …)
Last …(The last step is …)
5.Transition to show Cause-Effect Relationship
因果关系转折
Therefore …
As a result …
Consequently …
For that reason …
This is important because …
6.Transition to a Supporting Example
转入支撑观点的事例
For instance …
For example …
As an example …
To illustrate this …
What’s an example of this? …
But does this happen in real life? Yes … 7.Transition to a Supporting Demonstration
转入支撑观点的演示、展示
Now that we’ve covered the theory, let’s see it in action …
To reinforce what we’ve learned, let’s see a demonstration …
I’ve prepared a demonstration to show how this works.Let’s see a demonstration which applies what we’ve learned.“When executed well, speech transitions help make a speech understandable.When executed poorly, speech transitions can obscure meaning and frustrate audiences.”
8.Transition to a Supporting Quotation
转入支撑观点的引用语
X said: …
In 1968, X said: …
This idea was expressed clearly by X who said …
9.Transition from Introduction into Speech Body
从引入语过渡到演讲正题
Let’s begin …
To get started, let’s examine …
Let’s get started talking about …
Now that we’ve given an overview, let’s start with …
10.Transition from Speech Body into Conclusion
从演讲正文过渡到结束语
For a short speech, you might conclude with a single statement:
In short …
In summary …
In conclusion …
In a longer presentation, your conclusion might include a review of a the key points:
Let’s summarize the key lessons …
Let’s recap what we’ve covered today …
11.Transition to Another Speaker
一个讲者过渡到另一个讲者
In a team presentation, it is necessary to transfer control between speakers.The abrupt way to do this is to simply have one person stop talking, and then have the other person start talking.It is much smoother, however, to pass the verbal baton to the next speaker(X):
To talk about our next topic, we have X …
I’ll pass the microphone to X who will describe …
To guide us through a demonstration of this, we have X …
12.Transition Back to an Earlier Point
转回之前的观点
There are many occasions when you need to jump back to an earlier idea to add additional information.e.g.after a break, following an exercise, or returning from an unplanned interruption
Let’s return …
Let’s revisit …
Let’s go back to …
We introduced X earlier;let’s explore that further now.八类英语表达过渡词整理
【网络综合-英语口语】
一.文章及段落起始的过渡词语 1.to begin with 首先
2.generally speaking总体上讲 3.first of all第一,首先 4.in the first place首先
二.文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语 1.therefore, thus因此 2.in conclusion最后
3.in brief, in a nutshell简言之 4.to sum up总而言之 5.in a word总之
三.常见的表示先后次序的过渡词语 1.first, second第一,第二 2.next其次,然后 3.eventually最后,最终 4.since then自此之后 5.afterward以后,随后 6.meanwhile同时 7.therefore因而 8.immediately立刻
四.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语 1.accordingly于是
2.for this reason由于这个原因 3.as a result结果 4.in this way这样 5.consequently结果,因此 6.so所以
7.due to=owing to由于 8.because of因为
五.常用比较和对比的过渡词语 1.in contrast with...与之相比 2.similarly同样 3.whereas然而 4.on the contrary相反 5.different from...与...不同 6.likewise同样
7.equally important同样重要 8.on the other hand另一方面
六.常用表示举例的过渡词语 1.a case in point恰当的例子 2.for example举例 3.namely=that is这就是说 4.for instance举例 七.有关描写图表的过渡词语
1.during this time/the period在此期间 2.compared with与...相比较 3.apart from..除了...之外
4.from the above table/chart/graph根据上图所示 八.常用表示强调的过渡词语 1.furthermore此外 2.moreover而且 3.besides此外 4.in fact实际上 5.also而且,也 6.indeed的确 7.again另外,还
8.in particular尤其,特别
雅思口语必备15种过渡词
雅思口语有四个评分标准： Fluency &Coherence(流利度与连贯性)，Grammatical Range & Accuracy(语法广度及准确度), Lexical Resources(词汇范围和准确度)和Pronunciation(发音)。根据笔者观察，学生们往往对如何提升流利度与连贯性不知所措，即便在家里把准备好的材料背的滚瓜烂熟，到了考场也常由于紧张或者有明显背诵的痕迹，取得一个非常糟糕的分数。虽然在一个较短的时间内大幅提升自己语言的连贯与流利不是件容易的事，但我们却可以通过口语中的一些过渡词，帮助自己消除紧张情绪。更重要的是，善于运用口语中的过渡词，可以大大消除背诵痕迹，让自己的语言变得更加自然，更具有逻辑性。在雅思口语中，有15种过渡词使用的频率极高，可以帮助大家迅速提升口语交流的流利度与连贯性。
1.Addition(递进)
moreover, what is more, furthermore, , let alone, additionally, not to mention(this), besides(this), in addition(to this)
真题链接：
Q: Do you often use the dictionary?
A: I often refer to a dictionary for some new words.Additionally, browsing the dictionary can also enlarge my vocabulary and knowledge.2.Reference(引用)
considering(this), regarding(this), as for(this), concerning(this), on the subject of(this)
真题链接：
Q: Is time important?
A: Well, speaking about the importance of time, there are a lot of old sayings, like ‘Time waits for no man.’;‘Time never comes back when it is gone.’
3.Example(举例)
such as, particularly, especially, for example, like, in particular, for one thing, notably
真题链接：
Q: Are there any colours that have a special meaning in your country?
A: Yea, different colours stands for different meanings.For example, the white colour represents purity and dignity, and the red colour is for joy and celebration.真题链接：
A: What kinds of museum do you like?
Q: Well, I am really fond of some new museums with different movies, particularly, the 3D and 4D movies which give me a vivid picture of history and art.4.Similarity(相似)
similarly, in the same way, equally, likewise, as well as
真题链接：
Q: Do you think advertisement can help products to be sold?
A: Advertisements can help people to have a better understanding about products, in the same way, advertisements usually tell people the unique functions of the products.5.Clarification(澄清)
that is(to say), I mean,(to)put(it)another way, in other words, namely, specifically
真题链接：
Q: What housework do you least like doing?
A: Washing dishes has always been a pet hate(特别讨厌的东西)of mine.Specifically, I feel disgusted when I put my hands in the dirty water or wipe all the food off the dishes.6.Conflict(转折)
but, while, on the other hand, however, whereas, in contrast, conversely, still, instead
真题链接:
A: Do Chinese people love birds? Why?
Q: I suppose so, especially elderly people.They love to walk with their birds in the parks or gardens in the morning;on the other hand, I don’t think young guys really get a kick out of birds.7.Emphasis(强调)
even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides
真题链接：
A: Do you love studying English? Explain why.Q: As an universal language, English enables me to travel around a lot of countries in the world.More importantly, I make a lot of foreign friends and become more confident than ever.8.Concession(让步)
but even so, even though, though, although, despite(this), in spite of(this), regardless(of this)，真题链接：
Q: Do you think landlines would be replaced by cell phones one day?
A: Well, cell phones have received a huge popularity among young people, but even so, landlines still have its irreplaceable strong points.Landlines have no radiation and are much cheaper than cell phones.9.Cause/Reason(原因)
since, as, in that, for the(simple)reason that, because(of the fact), seeing that, owing to(the fact)，due to(the fact that)
真题链接：
Q: Do you like traveling by train?
A: Yes, I like traveling by train due to the fact that it’s very convenient and fast.Moreover, I find taking trains are much safer than taking buses.10.Effect/Result(影响或结果)
consequently, hence, thus, because(of this), as a result(of this), for this reason, so that, accordingly, as a consequence, so, therefore
真题链接：
Q：How to protect the wild animals?
A: I believe the most efficient way is to enact laws that will make the hunting of wild animals illegal;therefore, the equilibrium of ecosystem can be maintained.
第二篇：英文写作中常用过渡词和句型
过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。
1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子(1)To begin with首先
例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。”(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说
例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。”(3)First of all第一，首先
例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.“第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。”(4)With(the development/progress/growth)of(economy/society)...随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)...例：With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.“随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。”(5)Recently近来
例：Recently，the problem(conflict, production)of grain shortage has become the world focus.“近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。”
2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子(1)In conclusion最后，在结束时
例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.“最后，应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。”(2)In brief简言之 例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.“简言之，计划生育对中国具有重要意义。”(3)In a word总之
例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.“总之，没有相互理解，真正的友谊是不存在的。”(4)It is high time that...到...时候了
例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.“为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。”(5)It is only when...that...只有当...才...例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.“只有当人民成为国家的主人，科学才能为人民服务。”
3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子
(1)first, second, third...第一，第二，第三
例：First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years.Second, she never missed a class.Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses.Fourth, she always worked hard.Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.“首先，她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次，她从不误课。再有，她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有，她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们确信她在高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。” 1(2)To begin with...,moreover...,finally...，首先...，此外...，最后...例：There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law.To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities.Moreover, his father is a lawyer.He has always encouraged him to do something similar.Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.“他决定学法律有几方面的原因：首先，他对社会事物感兴趣，学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外，他父亲是个律师，一直鼓励他从事同样的职业。最后，他确信毕业后能找到工作。”(3)Meanwhile同时
例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.“ 同时，孩子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好，今后的机会就越多。”(4)since then自此之后
例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.“自此之后，奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。”(5)Therefore因而 例：Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.“因而，如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点，他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。”
4.常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子(1)As a result由于...结果
例：Her performance in college was excellent.As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.“由于她在大学成绩优异，她找到一份令人满意的工作。”(2)Due to由于
例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.“由于财务问题，我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。”(3)consequently结果，因此
例：The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.“该国政府不愿冒险与邻国发生冲突，因此答应签署条约。”(4)One may criticize......for......，but the real cause of...lies deeper人们可以因为...批评...，但是...的真正原因在更深层次
例：One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.“人们可以就火灾事故批评校领导，但事故还有更深的原因。”(5)Among...reasons, one should be emphasized that...在众多的原因中，其中一点给予强调...例：Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results in the grain shortage.“在许多重要的原因中，其中一点应强调的是造成粮食减产是因为大量的可耕地被占用。”
5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词(1)unlike...与...不同
例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.“与口头英语不同，笔头英语比较正规。”(2)In contrast...与之相比 例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.“与汤姆比，玛里奥很少努力学习。”(3)On the other hand...另一方面
例：The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years.On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.“发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。”(4)Likewise同样
例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.“要带上旅行中吃的食品，同样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。”(5)similarly同样
例：If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English;similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.“只要能使听众听明白，在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的，同样作为听众也只对讲话者的意思感兴趣，根本不介意或几乎注意不到讲话者所犯的口语错误。”
第三篇：英语作文中常用过渡词和句型
1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子
(1)To begin with首先
例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.”首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。”
(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说
例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.”总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。”
(3)First of all第一，首先
例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.”第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。”
(4)With(the development/progress/growth)
of(economy/society)…随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)…
例： With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.”随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。”
(5)Recently近来
例：Recently，the problem(conflict, production)of grain shortage has become the world focus.”近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。”
2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子
(1)In conclusion最后，在结束时
例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.”最后，应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。”
(2)In brief简言之
例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.”简言之，计划生育对中国具有重要意义。”
(3)In a word总之
例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.”总之，没有相互理解，真正的友谊是不存在的。”
(4)It is high time that…到…时候了
例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.”为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。”
(5)It is only when…that…只有当…才…
例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.”只有当人民成为国家的主人，科学才能为人民服务。”
3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子
(1)first, second, third…第一，第二，第三
例： First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years.Second, she never missed a class.Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses.Fourth, she always worked hard.Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.”首先，她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次，她从不误课。再有，她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有，她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们 确信她在高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。”
(2)To begin with…,moreover…,finally…，首先…，此外…，最后…
例： There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law.To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities.Moreover, his father is a lawyer.He has always encouraged him to do something similar.Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.”他决定学法律有几方面的原因：首先，他对社会事物感兴趣，学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外，他父亲是个律师，一直鼓励他从事 同样的职业。最后，他确信毕业后能找到工作。”
(3)Meanwhile同时
例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.”
同时，孩子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好，今后的机会就越多。”
(4)since then自此之后
例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.”自此之后，奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。”
(5)Therefore因而
例： Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.”因而，如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点，他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。”
4.常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子
(1)As a result由于…结果
例：Her performance in college was excellent.As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.”由于她在大学成绩优异，她找到一份令人满意的工作。”
(2)Due to由于
例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.”由于财务问题，我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。”
(3)consequently结果，因此
例： The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.”该国政府不愿冒险与邻国发生冲突，因此答应签署条约。”
(4)One may criticize……for……，but the real cause of…lies deeper人们可以因为…批评…，但是…的真正原因在更深层次
例： One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.”人们可以就火灾事故批评校领导，但事故还有更深的原因。”
(5)Among…reasons, one should be emphasized that…在众多的原因中，其中一点给予强调…
例： Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results
in the grain shortage.”在许多重要的原因中，其中一点应强调的是造成粮食减产是因为大量的可耕地被占用。”
5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词
(1)unlike…与…不同
例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.”与口头英语不同，笔头英语比较正规。”
(2)In contrast…与之相比
例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.”与汤姆比，玛里奥很少努力学习。”
(3)On the other hand…另一方面
例： The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years.On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.”发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。”
(4)Likewise同样
例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.”要带上旅行中吃的食品，同样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。”
(5)similarly同样
例： If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English;similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.”只要能使听众听明白，在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的，同样作为听众也只对讲话者的意思感兴趣，根本不介意或几乎注意不到讲话者 所犯的口语错误。”
在高考英语作文中，句间过渡和段落间的过渡起着非常重要的作用。恰如其分地运用过渡句既能体现作者流畅的写作思路并能给读者阅读的酣畅淋漓的感觉。它是一篇好作品必不可少的组成部分。下面是一些常用的过渡句型，请多读多记下列句子，以达到熟能生巧的效果。
1）To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening /To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to…（可用于分析建议类、原因分析类等议论文）
2）In the face of……some people take the position that……/some people come to believe that……, to which I can't attach/add my consent.（可用于批驳分析类议论文）知识性说明文等）
3）But many people feel puzzled about/over……（the changes/situation）, so this essay is intended to……（可用于批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文）
4）Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still hold the view that ……（可用于理由陈述类议论文）
5）A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about……（可用于对比说明文）
6）This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather disturb
ing/depressing, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.（可用于分析建议、批驳分析和原因分析等议论文）
7）This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out to……（可用于分析建议、对比分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文）
8）Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that ……（可用于分析建议、对比分析和各抒己见类议论文）
9）Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where ……（用于分析建议、原因分析、批驳分析、各抒己见类议论文和知识性说明文）
10）If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for……（e.g.……putting it right/taking action against it/improving it）（可用于分析 建议、对比分析、原因分析等议论文和知识性说明文）
12）But this（dis）agreement ceases to exist as soon as……（用于各抒己见、批驳分析、对比分析等议论文和对比说明文）
13）Perhaps, it is ideal/high time for us to handle the question seriously.（用于分析建议、原因分析类议论文和知识性说明文）
14）But different people hold completely different views（用于各抒己见类议论文和界说性说明文）
15)In that case, however, I prefer to……rather than……（用于理由陈述、比较分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文）
16）（Un）Fortunately, there are still some people who act in the other way around.（用于分析建议和原因分析类议论文）
17)If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue（用于分析建议和原因分析等议论文）
18）The results of this survey/questionaire have aroused/drawn
nationwide / public attention/concern, which is why some great efforts are being made by our government/society.（用于分析各抒己见类议论文和举例、知识性说明文）
19）On the whole/As a whole/All in all, however, the
diverse/different/various meanings of sth.（e.g.On the whole, however, the diverse meanings of success to the people above can be boiled down to one connotation： Success is a realization of one's ideal.）
第四篇：2、英语写作中常用过渡词
大学英语四级英语写作应试技巧讲义 主讲：Malcolm Tsai
英语写作中常用过渡词
1、句子写作
（1）Coordinating conjunctions/coordinators（并列连词）
and, but, nor, or, so, yet, however, for, as well as, both……and……, not only……but also……, either……or……, neither……nor……, nevertheless,（2）Subordinating conjunctions/subordinators（从属连词）
after, as long as, if, in so far as, since, because, in case, in order that, as, before, once, as if, every time, till, provided(that), so(that), now that, until, while, though, although, unless, when, lest, whereas,（3）Other connective words（其它连接词）
what, which, that, how, who, whose, where, when, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, wherever，2、段落写作
（1）Time（时间）
after a short time, after a long time, at the same time, at last, before, then, lately, meanwhile, nowadays, shortly, recently, afterwards, since, now then, during, in due time, temporarily, presently, thereafter, after a while, afterward, again, also, and, then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, before, besides, earlier, eventually, finally, formerly, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, in the past, last lately, meanwhile, moreover, next now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon still, subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until, until now, when, as, while（2）Sequence（顺序）
first of all, last of all, to begin with, at the end of, in the first place, in the second place, at length, last, lastly, eventually, next, firstly, secondly, first, second, etc.（3）Location（方位）
adjacent to, at the top, at the right, to the right, in the distance, far behind, far ahead, in the centre, nearby, in front of, opposite, straight, ahead, etc.（4）Argumentation（议论）
additionally, in addition, in addition to, and then, again, moreover, too, further, besides, further, furthermore, still, etc.（5）Comparison（比较）
in the same way, in the same fashion, in a similar manner, in a like manner, likewise, similarly, also, equally, again, in comparison, likewise, similarly, equally, however, likewise, in the same way（6）Contrast（对比）
in contrast, not withstanding, on the other hand, on the contrary, despite this, in spite of, otherwise, nevertheless, however, yet, fortunately, all this may be true, etc.（7）Demonstration（证明）
as a matter of fact, in fact that, as an example, for instance, to illustrate this, in other words, particularly, specifically, incidentally, etc.（8）Result（结果）
as a result, for this reason, accordingly, consequently, eventually, thereby, therefore, hence, thus, then, etc.（9）Purpose（目的）
for this purpose, for this reason, for a variety of reasons, with this objection, objectively, subjectively, etc.（10）Conclusion（结论/总结）
as I have said, as can be seen, as shown above, as a result, as noted, as stated, in conclusion, on the whole, indeed, thus, it goes without saying that, in summary, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, to conclude, in fact, 大学英语四级英语写作应试技巧讲义 主讲：Malcolm Tsai
indeed, in short, in other words, of course, it is true specially, namely, in all, that is to summarize, thus, as has been said, altogether, in other words, finally, in simpler terms, in particular, that is, on the whole, to put it differently, therefore（11）Further logic表层进或进一步罗列
first, firstly, to begin with, second, secondly, to start with, third, thirdly, what‘s more, also, and then, and, equally important, besides, in addition, further, in the first place, still, furthermore, last, last but not the least, next, besides, too, moreover, finally（12）Examples or illustration表举例
for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, after all
（13）Explanation表解释
as a matter of fact, frankly speaking, in this case, namely, in other words
（14）Emphasis表强调
of course, indeed, above all, most important, emphasis certainly, in fact（15）Concession表让步
still, nevertheless, in spite of, all the same, even so, after all, concession granted, naturally, of course（16）Point-turning logic表转折
by contrast although, at the same time, but, in contrast, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, yet, despite the fact that, even so, even though, for all that, however, in spite of, instead
第五篇：串词演讲类
串词演讲类答题方法
串词类试题作为公务员面试题的形式之一，在公务员面试的题型中经常出现。常见试题形式为给出5个左右的词汇，其中包括名词、动词、形容词等不同词性的词语，实词较多，虚词较少，而词语之间基本没有任何关联，要求用这几个词语串连成一段话或者一个完整的故事，词语顺序不分先后。
很多考生在面试实战中能对各种发表见解类、作出举措类的面试题做到灵活应对，不仅思路清晰而且旁征博引，但唯独在串词类试题面前颇显无奈，甚至出现有的考生由于实在难以自圆其说而放弃回答，在面试这一关，被关在了公务员的大门之外。
有些考生感觉串词类试题过于简单，而且每道题都是不同的词语，根本没有规律或套路可寻，所以对串词类试题没有进行专门的训练。其实这种认识是错误的。
串词题并不简单
串词类试题的考察内容非常深刻、丰富，包括创新能力、预见力、想象力、评价能力，同时根据考生设定的故事情节或者一段话的主题，侧面考察考生的知识面、价值观、人生观、社会阅历以及政治思想高度等。
换句话说，须有较强的综合能力和开阔的视野，才具备攻克串词类试题的基本素质。
很多考生将串词类试题直接理解为“串成一句话”，生硬地将几个词语连在一个句子里，没有任何情节和主题。答题的过程本是你展示自己的过程，也是考官考察你能力的过程，如此单纯地为了“串词”而“串词”是没有任何意义的，不仅没有证明你的优势，反而使考官对你的综合能力产生怀疑。
考生应该记住，每道试题都是你展示自己的小舞台，是你和考官双向交流的平台，每一次机会都应好好把握，细节决定成败。对串词类试题如果切入点到位，可以说是考生最能自由展示自己能力和风貌的题型。
考生因为不能把握串词类试题的破题技巧，回答过于机械、简单、粗糙，以至于没给自己一点发挥的空间，很难在答题中凸现自己的独特之处，甚至有的考生在面试中最怕遇见的就是这类试题。
串词类破题绝招 / 9
从某种意义上说串词类试题是各类试题中最难做好的，因为它不仅需要发散思维、想象能力和博闻强记，且题目没有规律性，无法套用前题的答题思路，让很多考生无所适从。其实，串词类试题的题目虽然没有规律性，但解答此类试题却是有捷径可寻的。考生掌握清晰的破题套路，通过加强的练习，一定可以迅速提高应对此类试题的能力。
一、破题三招：
(一)以故事带词——情节取胜
抓取关键词确立故事的主题或主要情节，故事的四个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件，然后随着故事情节的展开，将题目所给词汇自然而然地贯穿进去。故事流畅自然是第一拿分点。
例1：饥饿，光线，怀疑，房屋，启发
【破题切入点】抓取关键词“饥饿”“启发”可以确立这样一个故事主干：某个青年人创业失败，备受打击，甚至还要忍受饥饿，曾一度陷入自我怀疑的困境，后偶然从暗夜中房屋遥远射来的光线获得启发，明白即使是豆粒大的一点光，一样可以为他人带来光明。只要有一点光，一点希望就不能放弃。后该年青人终于奋斗成功。
(二)打动考官——攻心记
精心选取一些扣人心弦的情节或画面给考官的心灵以精微的触动。实际生活中曾感动自己的细节或者比较能警醒人、振奋人、打动人的一些经典主题，都将成为串词类考题中的亮点，帮你将自己塑造成一个思想深刻且对生活有独特认识的人。
例2：洪水，新闻，迅速，浪漫，情怀
【破题切入点】由“洪水”“浪漫”可以确立一个十分打动人心故事主题：某地山洪爆发，一新闻记者第一时间迅速赶到受灾现场，后为抢救落水群众，不幸被洪水夺走了生命，她的新婚妻子在本该是浪漫的新婚蜜月的日子里，送走了自己的爱人。虽然悲痛难当，但丈夫对人民群众真挚的情怀深深地感染着她，使她也自愿投入到抗洪一线的救援行动中。
主题带有悲情色彩并弘扬了奉献精神，考官一定会对你留下深刻印象。
(三)立意深刻——高度至上 / 9
故事或一段话所蕴涵的思想和情操要有高度，这直接体现你个人的思想认识和品格。应树立积极乐观，有一定教育意义的中心思想，对一般的社会现象能提升到理论高度，或以颂扬某种优秀品质为基调。所编的故事要能引人思考，或者就某一现象树立自己鲜明的观点。
常用立意：浪子回头、父母亲情、领导干部关心群众、由现象作感悟或评价等，也可以与你所报考的职位相联系，借机展示自己的优势和抱负。
例3：网络，出现，举行，繁荣，阻挠
【破题切入点】迅速抓取“网络”、“阻挠”两个词语，可以将本段话的中心立意为：网络监管与法制化管理过程中，执法部门与不法网站、网吧进行的斗争和网络法制化管理的进步意义。
参考事件梗概：市法制办于昨日举行了《关于加强网络法制化管理》的新闻发布会，近期将对目前出现的各种形式的利用网络犯罪的行为进行集中专项打击。网络本是为人民、为经济、为社会服务的工具，正确利用可以促进经济繁荣、社会进步，如果被犯罪分子利用则会影响社会秩序的稳定，阻挠我国社会主义和谐社会建设的顺利进行。
破题套路真题点睛
一、解题套路：
1.明确事件
抓取与某事件具有一定关联性的词汇，确立事件和主要情节。如：洪水——抢险;阻挠——法制建设;面试——应聘过程
2.明确人物
选取与某职业具有较大对应性的词汇，根据已明确的事件，确立能展开有一定情节的比较有代表性的人物。
如：新闻——记者;数码相机——摄影家;车站——乘务员
3.明确中心思想
根据人物和所展开的情节，明确从所讲述的事件中应该提炼或颂扬一种什么精神，或者你会就该事件发表怎样的评价。/ 9
需要注意的是，这破题三招可以根据具体的题目变换顺序，比如有的题目体现人物的词汇比较明显(新闻——记者)，就可以先确定人物后展开情节，也有的题比较容易确定中心思想(繁荣——和谐社会建设)，所以考生应根据具体题目选择最快的破题方式，根据自己的解题思路选取发挥空间最大的切入点。
二、真题点睛
1.公务员、作风、群众、满意(国家公务员真题)
【解题思路】
(1)确立事件梗概：某公务员工作作风严谨务实，及时解决了人民群众生活中遇到的某一困难或紧急情况，赢得了群众的满意。
(2)故事人物可以是国家某机关或部门的一名公务员。
(3)故事情节：假设人民群众生活中遇到了一些紧急情况或困难情况，该名公务员快速获知信息，进行有效协调，最终圆满地化解了出现的危机或困难。如：处理群众上访事件、居民区断水断电、民工子女入学困难等问题。(根据情节进行扩充)
(4)中心思想：弘扬全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，凸现行政以人为本。
(5)也可以假设你自己成为一名公务员以后，以怎样的工作作风去处理公务和人民群众遇到的困难，做一名组织放心、人民满意的人民公仆。
救命锦囊
此锦囊是给那些情绪较紧张实在找不到解题思路的考生，或者遇到极难的题短时间内难易破题的时候才能出招。建议一般情况下不要轻易使用，原因有两点：第一，通用公式，局限性较大，无法最大限度发挥你的实力;第二，创新性降低，再加上今年公务员面试采取统一试题，可能会与其他采用此战术的考生答案雷同，可能会影响你在考官心目中的形象。
当然，如果你能在通用公式的框架内，尽量发散自己的思维，举鲜活的事例来论证，也可以规避雷同风险。
第一公式：网络 / 9
21世纪是网络时代，通过网络我们可以最便捷地获知自己所需要的各种信息。比如：……(把题目中所给词汇作为网络提供的信息内容一一带入)等，可谓网罗天下、无所不包。科技创新促进了经济的发展，提高了人民群众的生活质量，网络的出现确实对社会的发展起到了推动的作用，但是网络带来的负面影响也不可小视。比如未成年人被不健康网站毒害，走上犯罪道路，或多种利用网络犯罪的形式出现等。这就要求我们正确驾驭高科技，认识到事物的两面性，在享受高科技带来的好处时不要忘记规避它带来的负面影响。
第二公式：书籍
高尔基说：书籍是人类进步的阶梯。读书是人类了解这个世界，开阔眼界，充实自我的最快捷的方式。通过读书你可以获知一切你想知道的和你没有想到的知识，比如：……(把题目中所给词汇作为书籍提供的知识内容一一带入)。人常说：开卷有益。读书确实对一个人的成长有巨大影响，但是这影响不只是积极的、正面的。如果读书、选书时不注意甄别优劣，对良莠不齐的书籍一概来者不拒，也很可能会阻碍一个人的健康成长。所以我认为，应该说优秀的书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
第三公式：朋友
人际交往是人们社会生活的重要内容之一，每一个人，都希望善于交往、都希望通过交往拓展自己的生活圈、工作圈以及见识和眼界。朋友是我看世界的另一个窗口，不同的朋友为我打开了各行各业、形形色色的窗口，关于大千世界的林林总总便扑面而来：……(把题目中所给词汇作为朋友提供的见闻和知识一一带入)等。这些见闻和知识以我个人的能力和视野是不太容易触及到的，所以我觉得朋友是打开人生大境界的一扇门。当然，朋友要慎交。交良师益友可以帮你打开知识的门、幸福的门、事业的门，然而，一旦交友不慎，就可能被不良思想和习气感染，堕入泥潭。
即兴演讲类试题应用性较强，具有综合程度高、现场意识强、压力强度大等特点，增加了答题难度，对考生的实践能力和语言能力提出了更高的要求。在公务员面试中通常作为压轴的题型，需要引起考生的重视。
即兴演讲类试题融合了多种试题的特点，是对诸多测评要素的综合考查，几乎将结构化面试题型中所有的考查重点囊括在内。这表明公务员招考越来越重视个性表达与双向沟通的命题趋势。面试虽然由用人单位主持，但参加面试者并不完全处于被动地位，通过即兴演讲的方式可以为考生创造自我表现的良好机会，意味着考生在接受考官的观察和测试的同时，也将面试作为一个展现个性才华和敏锐思维的平台，彰显出公务员招考面试的人性化与灵活性。/ 9
即兴演讲题所涉及到的考查要素很多，九大测评要素均有所体现，且多为复合式命题。但重点考查的是以下几个方面：语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力、自我认知与表达能力、自我情绪控制能力。下面，专家就为考生支招，破解面试即兴演讲玄机，帮助考生拿到高分。
一、从形式方面而言，考生要注意结构的完整性：标题—开头—主体—结尾
1.标题要简洁洗练，辞约旨达
即兴演讲无论是命题式还是开放式，都需要有个明确的标题。中公教育专家在教学中发现，不少考生在回答时忽略标题的重要作用，这是非常失策的做法。除了角色扮演情景对话可以省略外，其他情况都可以用词语简约而主旨通达的标题来提升表达效果，一个好的标题好于百字冗余的赘述。
2.破题要准确深入，开门见山
好的开端是成功的一半。瑞士作家温克勒说：“演讲的开篇有两项任务：一是建立说者与听者的同感;二是如字义所释，打开场面，引入正题。”优秀的演讲者，都能深刻体会到在开篇用最简洁的语言、最经济的时间，把听众的注意力和兴奋点吸引过来的重要性。公务员面试中的演讲题目也不例外，考生如果能够做到开门见山，一开讲就切入正题，避免拖沓和冗长，那么就会早早抓住考官的眼球和注意力，给考官留下良好的印象。
开篇的方法很多，但即兴演讲效果较好的有两种。A.开门见山，直接破题。用几句精炼规范的话把对问题的认识准确地表述出来，用精辟的观点树立演讲的门面。世界上很多著名的政治家、国家领导人的演讲都是这样的。B.引经据典，巧做铺垫。许多优秀的演讲在切入正题之前，经常先引用一件小事、一个比喻、一个设问或者轶事传闻，与演讲的主要内容进行巧妙的衔接。
3.论证要逐层深入，环环相扣
这是演讲的重点部分，也是充分展示考生认识问题、分析问题、解决问题能力的部分。针对面试演讲的特点，要求考生在阐述问题的过程中，一定要处理好思路的起承转合。换句话说，考生要力求用清晰的层次、自然的过渡、鲜明的节奏，展示出自身逻辑思维的严谨性，认识问题的深刻性，从而达到环环相扣，逐层深入的效果。
4.结尾要简洁有力，卒章显志
演讲的开篇非常重要，同样演讲的结尾也是不可忽视的。如果一个演讲过程在开篇时候引人入胜，结尾时候让人振奋，那么这个演讲的效果肯定是美妙的。美国作家约翰•沃尔夫说：“演讲最好在听众兴趣到高潮时果断收束，未尽时戛然而止。”结尾是演讲内容的自然收束。言简意赅、余音绕梁的结尾能够使考官精神振奋，而松散拖沓、枯燥无味的结尾则只能使考官感到味同嚼蜡。所以，考生在结束演讲的时候，一定不要啰嗦，要用具有号召性、鼓动性的语言果断结束，让考官的情绪一直保留在意犹未尽中。
即兴演讲的形式和内容是辨证统一的，二者相辅相成。演讲框架构建非常重要，演讲的内容同样不容忽视，就如同骨架之外还需要肌肉皮肤的充实才会丰满一样。
二、对于即兴演讲的内容方面，专家给出以下建议
首先，观点鲜明深刻，条理清晰。/ 9
即兴演讲的观点正确、鲜明、深刻，是演讲内容最基本的要求，同时也显示着演讲者对客观事物认识和分析的深度和力度。所以，中公教育专家建议考生在演讲的时候，一定要尽量确定一个鲜明正确的主题或者观点，切忌浮在问题的表面，泛泛而谈。
其次，感情真挚自然，有感而发。
如果演讲过程中缺少了真挚感情自然流露，那么考生的演讲绝对不是成功的。这就要求考生在表达上注意感情色彩，把说理、举例、抒情有机结合起来，既有精辟的分析，又有热情的鼓动，让爱与憎发自肺腑，而不是牵强附会的无病呻吟。只有做到真挚感情的自然流露，考生才会与考官产生共鸣，才能拉近与考官的距离，才能感染考官。
另外，语言流畅通顺，机智诙谐。
语言是人们传递信息、交流思想、表达情感的工具，而演讲又是语言的艺术。公务员面试中的即兴演讲准备时间很短，不可能做到字斟句酌，文华辞美。因此如果考生能做到用词精炼准确、表述流畅通顺，就符合要求了。在此基础上稍加润色就可以脱颖而出了。
写文章讲究“凤头猪肚豹尾”，对即兴演讲来说同样适用。清晰的层次结构、鞭辟入里的分析、华丽的旁征博引，都能为考生很好的加分。但考场上短时间内不可能写出字斟句酌的演讲稿，就需要考生在平时多加训练，列出提纲，至少做到对讲稿的框架了然于胸，在此基础上有所发挥，争取更加精彩的表现。
一、演讲类试题应重点备考
演讲类试题是国家公务员招录面试的重要题型之一，2009年1月21日上午外交部面试第一道题就是做一个3分钟的演讲。
演讲的题目是二选一：
1.关于人才的话题。引用了圣西门的一段话，大意如下：如果法国没有了100位哲学家、科学家、经济学家、教育家、作家和工程师，那么法国就会成为一具僵尸；如果没了100个王公贵族、主教、将军、省长和财主，那么对法国影响不大。
2.给出了一首诗，论证“莲花和淤泥的关系”。
第一道题侧重考察考生的分析能力，由人物的身份推出其所代表的领域和阶层，最终对不同阶层的重要作用进行深入浅出的比较。
而第二道题则是典型的哲理论证题。
从外交部的试题可以看出，采用了给出材料让考生自己分析自拟题目演讲的形式，明显出题的形式已经比原有形式复杂化，考生需要具备一定的逻辑思维、发散思维和辨证思维才能更准确的破题，才能做出逻辑严密的演讲。
所谓管中窥豹，今年国家公务员面试对于演讲类面试题的重视可见一斑。这也说明政府对于公务员的语言表达能力及临场应对能力提出了更高的要求。所以，正在进行国家公务员面试备考的考生们，千万要对演讲类试题格外留心，以免大意失荆州。/ 9
二、演讲类试题五大类型
演讲的结构分开头、主体、结尾三个部分，其结构原则与一般文章的结构原则大致一样。但是，由于演讲是具有时间性和空间性的活动，因而演讲的结构还具有其自身的特点，尤其是它的开头和结尾有特殊的要求。
下面京佳王冰老师为考生们提供一些建议性的思路，希望可以帮助考生迅速破题，决胜考场。
（一）命题（给出论点）演讲
真题例题：请以诚信为题发表一段三分钟的演讲。黄金演讲结构：
第一，谈认识。阐述对论点（诚信）的认识和理解。
第二，树论点。总述某一观点的正确性（即阐述诚信的重要意义）。第三，摆论据，证明观点。（可以三鹿企业无诚信破产为例）
第四，扣题目，小升华。任何一个演讲都不能就事论事，而应该在最后的呼应题目的结尾部分对论点进行升华。（诚信对于个人、企业以及社会的发展都具有重要意义，从而升华到诚信社会的建设层次）
（二）就职演讲
真题例题：在单位欢迎新人的迎新会上，作为新人，请现场模拟一下你的发言。黄金演讲结构： 第一，问好。
第二，谈走上这一岗位，走进这一集体荣誉感。
第三，自我介绍（包括性格、工作经历、做人原则、工作原则等等），并与对日后工作的期待相联系。比如：我性格比较开朗乐于交友，相信同事们很快能了解到这一点，也相信我和各位同事能迅速打成一片，与良师益友和谐相处。
第四，谈自己对工作的打算。第五，前景展望。第六，道谢。
（三）活动致辞 / 9 真题例题：在与兄弟单位的经验交流会上，你作为会议主持人要发言，请问你怎么说。黄金演讲结构：
第一，问好。对兄弟单位的到来表示欢迎和感谢。
第二，简单介绍本次活动的日程安排。第三，谈本题活动的目的和意义。第四，预祝大会成功。
（四）根据材料自拟题目或自定中心进行演讲。
此类试题其实就是命题演讲，只是考官在把命题的环节交给了考生。所以，此类试题还是按照命题类演讲去回答。需要请考生注意的是，观点的确立要多运用逆向思维和创新思维，不要依赖惯性思维答题，否则会落入俗套，无法谈出具有个人特色的见解。
以上是王冰老师给于考生的一些建议性思路，希望能帮助考生激活思维、创新思路，只有能举一反
三、活学活用的考生才能真正从这些答题结构中汲取营养。
中国有句古话叫“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”，说的是传授给人既有知识，不如传授给人学习知识的方法。
道理虽然很简单，但是却意味深长。鱼是目的，钓鱼是手段，一条鱼能解一时之饥，却不能解长久之饥，如果想永远有鱼吃，那就要学会钓鱼的方法。
如果在人生的道路上，永远左右逢源，就必须学会开源的方法。/ 9
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