第一篇：2016温总理哈佛演讲稿全文
2016温总理哈佛演讲稿全文
温总理哈佛演讲稿全文是温家宝总理访问美国时，在世界著名的高等学府——哈佛大学的精彩演讲，在演讲中温总理谈论了中美关系，以及中国文化，下面是小编整理的温总理哈佛演讲稿全文
温总理哈佛演讲稿全文 女士们，先生们：
衷心感谢萨莫斯校长的盛情邀请。
哈佛是世界著名的高等学府，精英荟萃，人才辈出。建校367年来，曾出过7位总统，40多位诺贝尔奖获得者。这是你们的光荣。
今天，我很高兴站在哈佛讲台上同你们面对面交流。我是一个普通的中国人。我出生在一个教师家庭，有过苦难的童年，曾长期工作在中国艰苦地区。中国有2500个县(区)，我去过1800个。我深爱着我的祖国和人民。我今天演讲的题目是——把目光投向中国。
中美两国相隔遥远，经济水平和文化背景差异很大。但愿我的这篇讲演，能增进我们之间的相互了解。
要了解一个真实的、发展变化着的、充满希望的中国，就有必要了解中国的昨天、今天和明天。
昨天的中国，是一个古老并创造了灿烂文明的大国。
大家知道，在人类发展史上，曾经出现过西亚两河流域的巴比伦文明，北非尼罗河流域的古埃及文明，地中海北岸的古希腊——罗马文明，南亚印度河流域的古文明，发源于黄河——长江流域的中华文明，等等。由于地震、洪水、瘟疫、灾荒，由于异族入侵和内部**，这些古文明，有的衰落了，有的消亡了，有的融入了其它文明。而中华文明，以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力，历经沧桑而完整地延续了下来。拥有5000年的文明史，这是我们中国人的骄傲。
中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲，勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭、国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
今年9月10日中国教师节，我专程到医院看望北京大学老教授季羡林。他已经92岁高龄，学贯中西，专攻东方学。我很喜欢读他的散文。我们在促膝交谈中，谈到近代有过“西学东渐”，也有过“东学西渐”。
17、18世纪，当外国传教士把中国的文化典籍翻译成西文传到欧洲时，曾引起西方一批著名学者和启蒙思想家的极大兴趣。笛卡尔、莱伯尼兹、孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、歌德、康德等，都对中国传统文化有过研究。
我年轻时读过伏尔泰的著作。他说过，作为思想家来研究这个星球的历史时，首先要把目光投向包括中国在内的东方。
非常有意思的是，一个半世纪前，贵国著名的哲学家、杰出的哈佛人——爱默生先生，也对中国的传统文化情有独钟。他在文章中摘引孔孟的言论很多。他还把孔子和苏格拉底、耶酥相提并论，认为儒家道德学说，“虽然是针对一个与我们完全不同的社会，但我们今天读来仍受益不浅。” 今天重温伏尔泰和爱默生这些名言，不禁为他们的睿智和远见所折服。今天的中国，是一个改革开放与和平崛起的大国。费正清先生关于中国人多地少有过这样的描述：美国一户农庄所拥有的土地，到了中国却居住着整整一个拥有数百人的村落。他还说，美国人尽管在历史上也曾以务农为本，但体会不到人口稠密的压力。
人多，不发达，这是中国的两大国情。中国有13亿人口，不管多么小的问题，只要乘以13亿，那就成为很大很大的问题;不管多么可观的财力、物力，只要除以13亿，那就成为很低很低的人均水平。这是中国领导人任何时候都必须牢牢记住的。
解决13亿人的问题，不能靠别人，只能靠自己。中华人民共和国成立以来，我们的建设取得了很大成就，同时也走了一些弯路，失去了一些机遇。从1978年开始改革开放，我们终于找到了一条发展自己的正确道路。这就是：中国人民独立自主地建设中国特色的社会主义。这条道路的精髓，就是调动一切积极因素，解放和发展生产力，尊重和保障中国人民追求幸福的自由。
中国的改革开放，从农村到城市，从经济领域到政治、文化、社会领域。它的每一步深入，说到底，都是为了放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发，让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流。
中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，被逐步解除。这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。一方面，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进入城市特别是沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥;另一方面，规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合，就在中国960万平方公里的国土上，演进着人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。过去25年间，中国经济之所以按平均9.4%的速度迅速增长，其奥秘就在于此。
25年间中国创造的巨大财富，不仅使13亿中国人基本解决了温饱，基本实现了小康，而且为世界发展作出了贡献。中国所有这些进步，都得益于改革开放，归根到底来自于中国人民基于自由的创造。
我清醒地认识到，在中国现阶段，相对于有限的资源和短缺的资本，劳动力的供应是十分充裕的。不切实保护广大劳动者特别是进城农民工的基本权利，他们就有可能陷于像狄更斯、德莱塞小说所描写的那种痛苦境地。不切实保护公民的财产权利，就难以积累和吸引宝贵的资本。
因此，中国政府致力于两个保护：一个是保护劳动者的基本权利;一个是保护财产权利，既要保护公有财产，又要保护私人财产。关于这一点，中国的法律已经作出明确规定，并付诸实施。
中国的改革开放正是为了推动中国的人权进步，两者是相互依存、相互促进的。改革开放为人权进步创造了条件，人权进步为改革开放增添了动力。如果把两者割裂开来，以为中国只注意发展经济而忽视人权保护，这种看法不符合实际。正如贵国前总统罗斯福曾指出的“真正的个人自由，在没有经济安全和独立的情况下，是不存在的”，“贫者无自由”。我并不认为，今天中国的人权状况是尽善尽美的。对人权方面存在的这样那样的弊端和消极现象，中国政府一直认真努力加以克服。在中国，把发展、改革和稳定三者结合起来，具有极端的重要性和艰巨性。百闻不如一见。只要朋友们到中国实地看一看，对改革开放以来中国的人权进步和中国政府为保障人权所作的艰苦努力，就会有客观的理解和认识。
中国是个发展中的大国。我们的发展，不应当也不可能依赖外国，必须也只能把事情放在自己力量的基点上。这就是说，我们要在扩大对外开放的同时，更加充分和自觉地依靠自身的体制创新，依靠开发越来越大的国内市场，依靠把庞大的居民储蓄转化为投资，依靠国民素质的提高和科技进步来解决资源和环境问题。中国和平崛起发展道路的要义就在于此。当然，中国仍然是一个发展中国家。城市和农村、东部和西部存在着明显发展差距。如果你们到中国东南沿海城市旅行，就会看到高楼林立、车流如织、灯火辉煌的现代景观。但是，在我国农村特别是中国西部农村还有不少落后的地方。在那些贫穷的偏僻山村，人们还在使用人力和畜力耕作，居住的是土坯房，大旱之年人畜饮水十分困难。古诗云：“衙斋卧听萧萧竹，疑是民间疾苦声”。作为中国的总理，每念及还有3000万农民同胞没有解决温饱，还有2300万领取最低生活保障金的城镇人口，还有6000万需要社会帮助的残疾人，我忧心如焚、寝食难安。中国要达到发达国家水平，还需要几代人、十几代人甚至几十代人的长期艰苦奋斗。明天的中国，是一个热爱和平和充满希望的大国。
中华民族历来酷爱和平。2000年前，秦始皇修筑的长城是防御性的。1000年前，唐朝开辟通向西域的丝绸之路，是为了把丝绸、茶叶、瓷器等销往世界。500年前，明朝著名的外交家和航海家郑和七下西洋，是为了同友邦结好，带去了精美的产品和先进的农业、手工业技术。正如俄罗斯伟大文学家托尔斯泰所说，中华民族是“最古老的民族，最大的民族”，“世界上最酷爱和平的民族”。近代以来，由于封建王朝愚昧、腐败和闭关锁国，导致社会停滞、国力衰竭，列强频频入侵。中华民族尽管灾难深重、饱受凌辱，但始终自强不息、愈挫愈奋。一个民族在灾难和挫折中学到的东西，会比平时多得多。中国已经制订了实现现代化的“三步走”战略。从现在起到2020年，中国要全面实现小康。到2049年，也就是中华人民共和国成立100周年的时候，我们将达到世界中等发达国家的水平。我们清醒地估计到，在前进的道路上还要克服许许多多可以想见的和难以预料的困难，迎接各种各样严峻的挑战。我们不能不持有这样的危机感。当然，中国政府和中国人民有足够的信心，励精图治，艰苦奋斗，排除万难，实现我们的雄心壮志。这是因为：——当今世界的潮流是要和平、要发展。中国的发展正面临非常难得的战略机遇期。我们已下定决心，争取和平的国际环境和稳定的国内环境，集中精力发展自己，又以自己的发展促进世界的和平与发展。
——中国坚持的是充满生机和活力的社会主义。社会主义是大海，大海容纳百川，永不枯竭。我们立足国情，大胆推进改革开放，勇于吸收人类一切优秀文明成果来充实自己。一个善于自我调整、自我完善的社会主义，其生机和活力是无限的。
——改革开放25年来已积累起一定的物质基础，中国经济在世界已占有一席之地。中国亿万人民追求幸福、创造财富的积极性，乃是推进国家现代化取之不尽、用之不竭的巨大力量。——中华民族具有极其深厚的文化底蕴。“和而不同”，是中国古代思想家提出的一个伟大思想。和谐而又不千##第1篇律，不同而又不彼此冲突;和谐以共生共长，不同以相辅相成。用“和而不同”的观点观察、处理问题，不仅有利于我们善待友邦，也有利于国际社会化解矛盾。女士们、先生们：加深理解是相互的。我希望美国青年把目光投向中国，也相信中国青年会进一步把目光投向美国。
美国是一个伟大的国家。从移民时代开始，美利坚民族的顽强意志和拓荒气慨，务实和创新精神，对知识的尊重和人才的吸纳，科学和法治传统，铸就了美国的繁荣。美国人民在遭受“9·11”恐怖袭击时所表现出来的镇定、互助和勇气，令人钦佩。进入二十一世纪，人类面临的经济和社会问题更加复杂。文化因素将在新的世纪里发挥更加重要的作用。不同民族的语言各不相同，而心灵情感是相通的。不同民族的文化千姿百态，其合理内核往往是相同的，总能为人类所传承。各民族的文明都是人类智慧的成果。对人类进步作出了贡献，应该彼此尊重。人类因无知或偏见引起的冲突，有时比因利益引起的冲突更可怕。我们主张以平等和包容的精神，努力寻找双方的共同点，开展广泛的文明对话和深入的文化交流。
贵国著名诗人梅尔维尔在《麦尔文山》中曾这样写道：“无论世界怎样变化，树木逢春便会绿叶招展”。
青年代表着国家和世界的未来。面对新世纪中美关系的广阔前景，我希望两国青年更加紧密地携起手来!女士们，先生们：
中华民族的祖先曾追求这样一种境界：“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平”。今天，人类正处在社会急剧大变动的时代，回溯源头，传承命脉，相互学习，开拓创新，是各国弘扬本民族优秀文化的明智选择。我呼吁，让我们共同以智慧和力量去推动人类文明的进步与发展。我们的成功将承继先贤，泽被后世。这样，我们的子孙就能生活在一个更加和平、安定和繁荣的世界里。我坚信，这样一个无限光明、无限美好的明天，必将到来!谢谢诸位 相关推荐：
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第二篇：温总理演讲稿
CAMBRIDGE, Britain, Feb.2(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday.See China in the Light of Her Development
Speech at the University of Cambridge Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 2 February 2009
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.Ladies and Gentlemen，I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.Ladies and Gentlemen，Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!
第三篇：温总理经典演讲稿（精选）
5·12汶川特大地震，已经过去三年了，512温总理讲话。我心里一直惦记着灾区，牵挂着灾区的群众。三年来，我10次到四川灾区，也到了陕西、甘肃灾区。记得地震当天我赶到灾区时，所到之处都是残垣断壁、满目疮痍，充满惊恐、悲痛的气氛。地震后第12天，我第二次来到灾区，在映秀同联合国秘书长一起接受中外记者的联合采访，那个时候我就说：“过三年再来，一个新的汶川会拔地而起。”三年来，在党中央、国务院的坚强领导和全国人民的大力支持下，灾区各级党委、政府带领人民艰苦奋斗，广大建设者顽强拼搏，恢复重建工作进展顺利，灾区面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，用大家的话来讲，是脱胎换骨的巨变。看到这些，我感到十分欣慰。灾区的恢复重建，群众十分满意，社会各界评价很高，国际社会也给予广泛赞誉。对四川、陕西、甘肃灾区恢复重建工作，中央是充分肯定的。下面，我讲几点意见。
一、汶川地震灾后恢复重建取得重大成就
汶川地震灾后不久，我们又受到百年罕见的国际金融危机的严重冲击，在十分困难的条件下，党中央、国务院下决心加大对灾后恢复重建的支持，加快恢复重建步伐，共投入恢复重建资金10205亿元，其中，中央财政安排灾后恢复重建基金3026亿元。目前，四川、陕西、甘肃三省灾区所有纳入国家重建规划的项目已全部开工建设，完工项目占规划项目的95%，完成投资占规划总投资的95%。可以说，灾后恢复重建的主要任务已经完成，灾区经济社会发展水平和群众基本生产生活条件明显超过了灾前水平，实现了一个大的跨越。《汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划》提出的“家家有房注户户有就业、人人有保障、设施有提高、经济有发展、生态有改善”的重建目标基本实现，灾后恢复重建取得了决定性胜利。
一是城乡居民住房条件显著改善。
我们坚持把住房重建作为恢复重建的重中之重。震后一年，震损住房修复加固全面完成;震后一年半，农村住房重建全部完成;震后两年，城镇住房重建基本完成。现在，灾区群众住房问题都得到了妥善解决。三省灾区一共维修加固农村住房292万户、城镇住房146万套;重建农村住房191万户、城镇住房近29万套。从这几天考察的情况看，城乡居民居住条件比震前显著改善，住房布局更加合理，功能更加完备，配套服务更加齐全，既安全，又美观，还经济实用，不少农民家里建起了上下水设施，用上了自来水，连生活方式都发生了根本性变化，老百姓发自内心高兴。
二是公共服务设施水平大幅度提升。
不仅损毁的学校、医院得到全面恢复重建，还建成了一大批社会福利院、敬老院、社区服务中心、村民活动中心等公共服务设施。学校、医院等的抗震设防标准由7度提高到8度，建筑物更加坚固安全，设施装备也明显改善。不少学校，比如北川中学，不仅有宽敞明亮的教室、干净整洁的宿舍，还新建了实验室、图书馆、运动场，都达到相当水平。灾区的公共服务能力显著增强，基本公共服务均等化实现水平跃居西部地区前列。
三是基础设施保障能力明显提高。
交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施功能全面恢复，一大批关系灾区长远发展的重大基础设施项目相继建成。生态逐步修复，环境治理力度加大，防灾减灾能力增强。重点重建城镇面貌焕然一新，村庄布局、村落规划结束了散乱无序状况。我们看到的城镇、乡村的居住点，不仅房子漂亮，有些建起了健身设施、文化设施。
四是产业发展实现再生性跨越。
我们坚持把产业恢复重建与转变经济发展方式、调整产业结构、优化产业布局结合起来，灾区经济浴火重生。震损企业全部恢复生产，东汽产能和销售收入再创历史新高。产业调整优化迈出重大步伐，淘汰了一批落后产能，建设了一批特色产业园区，形成了一批产业集群。农业生产设施和农业服务体系全面恢复，建成了一批特色农产品生产基地。灾区经济发展的基础明显夯实，可持续发展能力得到提高，主要经济指标超过震前水平，呈现良好的发展势头。
五是精神家园得到了同步重建。
地震不仅对灾区人民生命财产带来重大损失，而且给人们造成了巨大的心理创伤。在恢复重建过程中，我们实施心理康复工程，高度重视人文关怀。现在看来，灾区干部群众已经逐渐走出了灾难的阴影，重新拾起生活信心，表现出不屈不挠、自强不息的坚强毅力和乐观向上、奋发进取的精神风貌。人们精神上的这种变化，更为宝贵，意义更为重大。
一位哲人说过，超越自然的奇迹，总是在对厄运的征服中出现的。灾后恢复重建在这么短的时间内，达到现在这样的水平，可以说是创造了一个奇迹。有评论说，灾区最漂亮的是住房，最坚固的是学校，最现代的是医院，最满意的是群众。我看这个评价是符合实际的。
灾后恢复重建的巨大成就，是各方面共同努力的结果。在此，我代表党中央、国务院，向灾区广大干部群众，向支援恢复重建的建设者，向关心支持恢复重建的全国各条战线的干部群众、各界人士、港澳台同胞、海外华侨华人以及国际社会和国际友人，表示衷心的感谢!
汶川地震灾后恢复重建的巨大成就，充分体现了社会主义制度的优越性，集中展现了“一方有难、八方支援”的优良传统，再次彰显了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将进一步激发全国人民的自信心和自豪感，把改革开放和现代化建设事业继续推向前进。
二、认真总结灾后恢复重建的宝贵经验
汶川特大地震是新中国成立以来遭受的破坏性最强、波及范围最广、灾害损失最大的一次地震灾害。在这么短的时间完成恢复重建任务，是我们战胜自然灾害的又一伟大壮举。恢复重建中有很多创新和探索，值得认真总结。
第一，坚持以人为本，把城乡居民住房、学校、医院重建放到优先位置。
灾后我们以最快的速度，对居民住房建设进行安排。对住房毁损无房可住的受灾群众，中央财政按照城镇居民每户2.5万元、农村居民每户1万元的标准给予补助，地方财政也拿出资金进行补助，再加上多方支持，在较短的时间内使灾区群众住上了放心房，解决了灾区群众基本生活问题，稳定了人心，保持了灾区的社会稳定。地震中，学校、医院损失很重。我们认真吸取教训，提出要把学校、医院等公共服务设施建成最安全、最牢固、群众最放心的建筑，全面提高学校、医院等公共服务设施的抗震设防标准。建筑设防标准的提高，不仅使学校更安全、家长更放心，而且为今后应对灾害提供了重要避难场所，在这方面多花一些钱，是值得的。这两年，我们还推广汶川地震恢复重建的做法，在全国范围实施了校舍安全工程。
第二，坚持规划先行，科学指导灾后恢复重建。、灾后恢复重建是一项关系灾区长远发展和灾区群众切身利益的庞大系统工程，必须以科学规划为指导。震后11天，我们就启动了规划的编制工作。我们集中各方智慧，通过深入调研、科学民-主决策，历时3个多月，完成了恢复重建总体规划和城乡住房建设、基础设施建设等10个专项规划。规划充分考虑了生态环境承载能力，注重处理恢复与提升、当前与长远的关系。这些规划涵盖了重建工作的各个方面，成为指导恢复重建的纲领性文件，保障了恢复重建工作有力有序有效推进。汶川特大地震也让我们更加懂得尊重自然，敬畏自然，按自然规律办事。在规划制定和实施中，我们始终坚持恢复重建与防灾减灾相结合。灾区居住点、公共设施以及重要基础设施的建设，坚持科学选址，避开断裂带，避开地质灾害隐患点，避开泄洪通道，工程建设坚持高标准严要求，要能经得起历史的检验。去年8月四川遭受特大山洪泥石流灾害，绝大多数地震灾区经受住了考验。
第三，坚持统筹兼顾，将恢复重建与促进经济社会发展紧密结合。
灾区的恢复重建，不是简单地恢复，而是要有提高。既考虑灾区原有的发展基储资源禀赋，又充分利用重建提供的发展机遇，高起点、高标准建设，高度重视产业升级、节能环保，努力促进灾区经济社会全面协调可持续发展。这次恢复重建使灾区的基础设施、人居条件都有较大改善。过去灾区很多城市没有污水处理设施，市政设施很不健全，在重建中全面加强了供水、污水处理、能源供应等公用设施建设。在灾区恢复重建中，还结合本地资源优势和特色，加快灾区经济结构调整、产业升级和布局优化，为灾区长远发展奠定了基矗
第四，坚持举全国之力，调动社会各方面力量支援灾区重建。
对于汶川地震这样的特大灾害，恢复重建仅靠灾区的力量是远远不够的。震后，我们及时提出举全国之力，支持灾区恢复重建，迅速出台了一系列政策措施。紧急调整当年预算，中央财政建立地震灾后恢复重建基金，同时还从财政支出、税收优惠、减免政府性基金和行政事业性收费、金融支持(增加再贷款额度)、产业扶持、土地和矿产资源、就业援助和社会保险、粮食政策等很多方面对恢复重建进行支持。恢复重建中，我们实施了对口支援，“一省帮一重灾县”，19个援建省市3年共投入825亿元。我们积极引导社会各界支持灾后恢复重建，累计接受社会捐赠资金和物资797亿元(包括抗震救灾)，接受特殊党费93亿元，香港、澳门特区政府分别支持恢复重建100亿港元和55亿澳元。实践证明，举全国之力应对巨灾，是灾后恢复重建取得成功的重要保障。
第五，坚持依靠群众，充分发挥灾区群众在恢复重建中的主体作用。
灾后恢复重建，始终坚持一切相信群众，一切依靠群众，充分发挥灾区广大干部群众的积极性、主动性、创造性。规划设计、重建选址、工程施工等各个环节，都坚持广泛听取群众意见，尊重群众意愿，把群众满意不满意作为重要标准。三年来，灾区群众面对艰巨的重建任务和重重困难，不等不靠，自力更生，互帮互助，共建家园。群众是灾区恢复重建最重要的力量，群众的支持和拥护是恢复重建顺利推进最基本的保障。
第六，坚持依法重建，注重灾害应急管理和灾后重建的制度建设。
在恢复重建过程中，始终坚持按照法律法规和制度办事，做到政策公开，规划公开，规范操作，透明运行。我们制定了《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》，这是我国首个地震灾后恢复重建专门条例，颁布了《自然灾害救助条例》，修订了《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》，还制定和完善了一大批救灾和灾后重建工作规范与管理办法。比如，我们制定严格的工程质量标准，自始至终加强工程质量监管。我们制定抗震救灾和恢复重建资金物资管理办法，加强审计、监察工作。我们及时向社会公布资金物资使用、工程进展等情况，使恢复重建全面接受群众监督。恢复重建4万多个项目，上万亿元的投资，没有发现重大违法违纪行为，实现了廉洁重建。工作中形成的统一高效的组织领导体系、科学系统的规划体系、全面细致的政策扶持体系和全方位的监管体系，不仅保障了汶川地震应急抢险和恢复重建的顺利推进，而且对玉树、舟曲救灾和恢复重建提供了有益经验，对完善我国防灾减灾体系发挥了重要作用。
三、全面完成重建任务，加快提升灾区可持续发展能力
灾后恢复重建三年目标任务已经基本完成，但要实现发展振兴，还有很长的路要走。要再接再厉，奋发图强，巩固灾后重建成果，不仅要让群众住上好房子，还要过上好日子，不断提升自我发展能力，努力开创地震灾区发展振兴的新局面。重点抓好以下几个方面：
一要巩固和发展恢复重建成果。
全面完成恢复重建规划的各项任务，巩固和发展恢复重建的成果，还有大量艰苦细致的工作要做。对于少数还没有完成的重建任务，要督促落实责任，细化工作措施，倒排工程进度，确保如期全面完成。要坚持质量第一、“好”字当头，进度服从质量。要落实重建工作监管，抓紧开展规划总体评估，强化审计、监察和社会监督，确保资金使用规范有序。对对口援建项目，尤其要做好扫尾、移交、协调和衔接服务工作，切实把建成的项目运营好、维护好、管理好，使恢复重建的成果长期有效地服务人民。
二要加快提升灾区内生发展动力。
这几年，灾区经济恢复主要得益于重建投资拉动、政策扶持和对口支援帮扶，发展基础不稳固，特别是产业支撑能力还比较弱。“十二五”规划和西部大开发新十年规划，为灾区发展提供了新的机遇，要加快转变经济发展方式，面向未来、着眼长远，科学谋划灾区产业振兴。灾区一些地方在装备制造、电子信息、生物医药、生态农牧业、旅游文化产业等方面具有良好的发展基础，要充分发挥自身优势，培育壮大特色优势产业，推进产业结构升级，促进灾区经济再上新的台阶。这几年，灾区的旅游业发展势头很好，要突出自然、民族、文化特色，做好旅游业这篇大文章。要利用好对口援建的合作机制，加强与相关地区的经济合作，把承接产业转移与发展壮大特色优势产业结合起来，促进灾区经济加快发展。
三要着力解决灾区群众现实困难和长远生计。
要大力促进就业。就业是民生之本。随着灾后恢复重建任务的完成，项目建设直接提供的就业岗位明显减少，加上就业需求增加，灾区就业压力进一步增大。要把促进就业作为灾区发展振兴的优先目标，作为促进灾区群众收入稳定增长的重大措施，千方百计解决好就业问题。灾区有20万群众失去耕地和宅基地，要搞好耕地调剂和土地整理复垦，妥善解决好土地问题，保证他们长期有地种、衣食足、有收入。要加大扶贫帮困力度。灾区因灾致贫、返贫多，“三孤”、伤残人员比例大，农户建房负债较重，困难群众面宽量大。要继续抓好特殊困难群体帮扶工作，切实解决灾区群众建房还贷、上学、就医、再生育中遇到的困难，加大社会救助力度，广泛开展助学助残活动，继续做好心理抚慰和再生育服务工作。要加大扶贫开发投入，加强职业技能培训，提高贫困人口素质，增强贫困人口和贫困地区自我发展能力。要加快发展社会事业，加强社会管理。全面推进灾区教育、医疗卫生、文化、社会保障等各项社会事业发展，促进基本公共服务均等化。特别是要大力发展灾区中等职业教育，实施特殊教育发展工程，支持康复机构和设施建设，加快发展社会福利事业。要适应灾区新情况、新变化，全面创新社会管理和服务，特别要加强基层工作，切实解决好群众关心的问题。灾区新建了大批道路、交通、学校、医院、文化场馆、市政、社区服务等一流的公共设施，要加强管理和维护，有效发挥这些设施的功能和作用。要强化软件方面的配套建设，培养和引进专业技术和管理人才，建立和完善运营管护长效机制，全面提升管理和服务能力。
第四篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I'll be changing my job next year…and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard's most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class…I did the best of everyone who failed.But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I'm a bad influence.That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning.That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is Where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call From Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world's first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: “We're not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege…and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.But taking a serious look back…I do have one big regret.I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world--the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country.And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries.It took me decades to find out.You graduates came to Harvard at a different time.You know more about the world's inequities than the classes that came before.In your years here, I hope you've had a chance to think about how--in this age of accelerating technology--we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause--and you wanted to spend that time and money Where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives.Where would you spend it?
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries From diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country.Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever.One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year ? none of them in the United States.We were shocked.We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them.But it did not.For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.We said to ourselves: “This can't be true.But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.””So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it.We asked: “How could the world let these children die?”
The answer is simple, and harsh.The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it.So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.But you and I have both.We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism ? if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who aresuffering From the worst inequities.We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world.This task is open-ended.It can never be finished.But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope.They say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end ? because people just…don't…care.” I completely disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing--not because we didn't care, but because we didn't know what to do.If we had known how to help, we would have acted.The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.But complexity blocks all three steps.If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “How can I help?,” then we can get action--and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.But complexity makes it hard to mark a path ofaction for everyone who cares--and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have--whether it's something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.The AIDS epidemic offers an example.The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.The highest-leverage approach is prevention.The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand--and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working--and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century--which is to surrender to complexity and quit.The final step--after seeing the problem and finding an approach--is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn From your efforts.You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying From these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment From business and government.But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more thannumbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work ? so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.The defining and ongoing innovations of this age--biotechnology, the computer, the Internet--give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme poverty and end death From preventable disease.The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed
opportunities
for
learning
and communicating.The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem--and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don't.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for? There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors--the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty…the prevalence of world hunger…the scarcity of clean water…the girls kept out of school…the children who die From diseases we can cure? Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's least privileged?
These are not rhetorical questions--you will answer with your policies.When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given--in talent, privilege, and opportunity--there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect From us.In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue--a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don't have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.Don't let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years From now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world's deepest inequities…on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
第五篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿
idn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do.if we had known how to help, we would have acted.此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。
the barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.改变世界的阻碍，并非人类的冷漠，而是世界实在太复杂。
to turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.but complexity blocks all three steps.为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法，评估后果。但是世界的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
even with the advent of the internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems.when an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference.they promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台，让人们真正发现问题所在，仍然十分困难。当一架飞机坠毁了，官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会，他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来再次发生类似事故。
but if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: “of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane.we’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.”
但是如果那些官员敢说真话，他们就会说：“在今天这一天，全世界所有可以避免的死亡之中，只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力，调查这个0.5%的死亡原因。”
the bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
we don’t read much about these deaths.the media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new.so it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore.but even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.it’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help.and so we look away.我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻，几百万人将要死去并非新闻。如果没有人报道，那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面，即使 我们确实目睹了事件本身或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的，何况问题又如此复杂，我们根本不知道如何去帮助他 人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
if we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂的事件中找到解决办法。
finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.if we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “how can i help?,” then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.but complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时 候，我们就能采取行动。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法，因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生实际效果。
cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还是最简单的蚊帐。
the aids epidemic offers an example.the broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.the highest-leverage approach is prevention.the ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.so governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.but their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法 就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。
pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.this is the pattern.the crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit.要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。
the final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
you have to have the statistics, of course.you have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.you have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.this is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
but if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.但是，这些还不够，如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字；你必须展示你的项目的人性因素，这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命，对那些处在困境中的家庭到底意味着什么。
i remember going to davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives.millions!think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… yet this was the most boring panel i’ve ever been on – ever.so boring even i couldn’t bear it.几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛，会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万条生命。天哪，是几百万！想一想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在你要把这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛，乏味到我无法强迫自己听下去。
what made that experience especially striking was that i had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement.i love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?
那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本，我们让观众激动得跳了起来，喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动，那么我们为什么不能够让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？
you can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.and how you do that – is a complex question.除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一点，并不是一件简单的事。
still, i’m optimistic.yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever.they are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that’s why the future can be different from the past.同前面一样，在这个问题上，我依然是乐观的。不错，人类的不平等有史以来一直存在，但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具，却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们，将人类的同情心发挥最大的作用，这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
the defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术，计算机，互联网——它们给了我们一个从未有过的机会，去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
sixty years ago, george marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war europe.he said: “i think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.it is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation.”
六十年前，乔治•马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一个计划，帮助那些欧洲国家的战后建设。他说：“我认为，困难的一点是这个问题太复杂，报纸和电台向公众源源不断地提供各种事实，使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。”
thirty years after marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
the emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.低成本的个人电脑的出现，使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了巨大的机会。
the magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.it also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.网络的神奇之处，不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离，使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会，我们可以为了解决同一个问题，一起共同工作。这就大大加快了革新的进程，发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
at the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t.that means many creative minds are left out of this discussion---smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有创造性的人们，没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明人，却没有技术来帮助他们，将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
we need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.they are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation george marshall spoke of 60 years ago.我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术，因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命，人类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能，不仅是政府，还 包括大学、公司、小机构、甚至个人，能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果，去改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫 穷和绝望。
members of the harvard family: here in the yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.
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