交钥匙工程的特点

第一篇：交钥匙工程的特点

交钥匙工程

交钥匙工程指跨国公司为东道国建造工厂或其他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，包括设备安装、试车及初步操作顺利运转后，即将该工厂或项目所有权和管理权的“钥匙”依合同完整地“交”给对方，由对方开始经营。因而，交钥匙工程也可以看成是一种特殊形式的管理合同。

交钥匙工程是在发达国家的跨国公司向不够开放的发展中国家投资受阻后发展起来的一种非股权投资方式。如在实行改革开放前的社会主义国家，除了南斯拉夫、罗马尼亚等少数国家外，大多数国家不准许外来企业进行投资，因此外国企业只能依赖其他方式从事投资或经营，交钥匙工程就是其中行之有效的一种。另外，当自己拥有某种市场所需的尖端技术，在希望能快速地大面积覆盖市场，所能使用的资本等要素又不足的情况下，就可以考虑采用交钥匙工程方式。

在实务操作上，因为每个交钥匙工程项目计划必然有其自身特点，因此很难有一致性的标准交钥匙工程合同。但是，无论合同的细节如何复杂，双方都应对合同中的厂房和设备、双方的义务和责任、不可抗力的含义、违反合同的法律责任，以及解决争端的程序等重要事项说明清楚。

此外，如同一般技术授权一样，工程交付后的继续服务，也许是此类交钥匙工程的重要获利途径。日本某厂商曾不惜以低于成本的“自我牺牲”方式，为印度尼西亚承建发电厂。表面上看这是一桩赔本生意，但是从长远利益而言，将来发电厂所需的零配件供应、维护与整修等，势必长期依赖于日本方面的支持，由此累积下来的利益无疑十分可观。

交钥匙工程的特点及类型

“交钥匙”工程实际上是一种高度专业化的出口，是一种技术贸易方式。参加交钥匙工程商务活动的企业一般有三类：工程设备的生产厂家、建筑公司及咨询公司，其中以建筑公司为最多。而技术输入方一般都为政府的有关机构，其中又以发展中国家居多。

根据技术输入方的要求，交钥匙的方式有两种：一种是在承包工程完成、试车成功，达到合同中规定的指标要求后，即可进行技术交接;而另一种是承包人必须培养技术输入方的管理、技术、操作人员，并由输入方人员单独操作达到合同规定的要求时才进行交接。这两种方式对于技术输出方来讲其区别主要是风险的不同。在前种方式中，技术输出方只承担自身技术上的风险。而在后一种方式中，技术输出方除了担负自身的风险之外，还要承担技术输入方在技术、管理等方面的风险。

交钥匙工程的优点

用以安装运行像炼油和炼钢等复杂设施的技术诀窍是一种有价值的资产。“交钥匙”工程的优点在于他们可以使企业从这笔资产中获得高额的经济回报，尤其是当东道国限制外国直接投资时，这种战略尤其有效。例如，许多富藏石油的国家政府开始建设他们自己的炼油工业，为了实现这一目标，这些国家的政府限制在石油和炼油领域里的外国直接投资。然而，由于很多国家缺少炼油的技术，他们不得不通过与拥有该技术的外国企业实施交钥匙工程来获得这项技术。对于卖方企业而言，这样的交易通常非常有吸引力，因为如果没有这些交易，他们将无法在该国从自己有价值的技术诀窍中获得回报。同时，还可以降低在东道国投资的风险，而且与传统的外国直接投资不同，该交易由于是短期投资，可以避免一些长期投资存在的风险。

交钥匙工程的缺点

首先，从事“交钥匙”工程的企业在客户国家没有长期利益。在这种情况下，当客户国家后来成为交钥匙工程生产的主要市场时，企业将无法从中获得丰厚的长期利益，解决这一问题的方法是，企业应当在他所建造的交钥匙工程中拥有少数股权。

其次，由于“交钥匙”工程涉及先进技术的转让，这样国外接受交钥匙工程的公司未来有可能成为自己的竞争对手。为避免出现这种情况，企业一方面要选择技术转让的对象，最好是潜力不大、将来对自己构不成威胁的外国企业。另一方面，企业在“交钥匙”工程中应避免最核心技术的流失。

再次，如果企业的工艺技术是其竞争优势的来源，那么企业应避免从事转让工艺技术的“交钥匙”工程。因为通过交钥匙工程出售这种技术无异于向潜在的或者实际的竞争者转让它的竞争优势。

深圳前海首华国际商品交易中心是经深圳市人民政府金融发展服务办公室、深圳市交易场所监督管理联席会议批准成立。交易中心立足深圳前海自贸区，坚持以“服务实体经济、打造要素平台”为发展宗旨。前海首华将为您准备更多的相关金融资料供您学习参考，同时也希望能对您产生帮助，感谢您的学习。

最后，由于“交钥匙”工程的二期一般较长，因而支付工程的费用也必须分阶段进行。但支付时间的拖长会导致财务风险的增加，为避免风险，合同双方应在合同条款中对支付问题进行明确的规定。

第二篇：交钥匙工程

交钥匙工程

在工业领域，许多工程都是以交钥匙工程来完成的。按照双乐模式要求，“交钥匙工程”就是指按照设计图纸，进行相应的土建施工、设备和自控采购、安装、调试的总承包，并最终验收合格，承包商交出钥匙由使用单位“开门入室”使用。实行“交钥匙工程”有很多优点，主要是：将繁锁的采购工作和复杂的施工组织转移到经验丰富的承包单位，我们就能集中精力抓好工程质量控制，尤其是工程土建、设备、自控实行总承包不会出现相互扯皮的现象，能保证工程进度；而且选择技术力量较强的总承包单位，能自觉执行国家法律法规、行业标准、规定，施工质量得以保证。如何实施“交钥匙工程”，我们认为要做好以下两方面的工作：

一、培养优秀的战略合作伙伴

按照市场经济规律，本着互惠互利、相互促进及相互支持的原则，通过招标竞争，确定优秀的战略合作伙伴，优秀的战略合作伙伴必须具有一定的经济实力，能与双乐公司同甘共苦；有较强的专业化组织能力，敢于承担风险，肯拼搏的项目领导人员；以及具有较强的现场问题处理能力，懂管理，善于抓信息，善于打硬仗的现场施工队伍。这样才能保证项目实施的科学性、完善性与安全性。

二、抓好过程验证

好的“交钥匙工程”不仅要有好的施工单位，更重要的是要抓好过程控制或抽样检查，过程控制是确保工程质量的关键，过程控制的核心就是要按照双乐模式的要求做好验证工作，与有关部门沟通，尽快健全完善验证标准和表单表式，规范验证程序，具体做法是：

⑴总承包商事先按照合同要求做好清晰、可操作性强及易审核的质量保证计划，并经甲方审核通过，以更好的符合甲方的要求；

⑵工程验证员根据质量保证计划做好每一步过程验证，主要包括：原材料进场验证，设备开箱验证，中间过程控制点验证，隐蔽工程验证，关键工序验证等； ⑶各阶段验证严格按双乐模式要求，组织相关人员参加；

⑷工程验证员及时出具验证报告，以便施工单位整改和继续施工，相关专业检测还必须聘请有资质的单位进行；

总之，要真正做好验证工作，特别重要的是要在提高验证人员的素质上下功夫，使每个验证人员具备高度的责任感和精湛的技能，忠于职守，熟知国家的法律法规，以及各种行业的规定、标准、规范和施工工艺，逐步形成一支“专家型”的验证队伍，这样才能确保工程建设的质量，实现真正意义上的、合格的“交钥匙工程”。

第三篇：什么叫交钥匙工程

什么叫交钥匙工程

交钥匙工程指跨国公司为东道国建造工厂或其他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，包括设备安装、试车及初步操作顺利运转后，即将该工厂或项目所有权和管理权的“钥匙”依合同完整地“交”给对方，由对方开始经营。因而，交钥匙工程也可以看成是一种特殊形式的管理合同。

交钥匙工程是在发达国家的跨国公司向不够开放的发展中国家投资受阻后发展起来的一种非股权投资方式。如在实行改革开放前的社会主义国家，除了南斯拉夫、罗马尼亚等少数国家外，大多数国家不准许外来企业进行投资，因此外国企业只能依赖其他方式从事投资或经营，交钥匙工程就是其中行之有效的一种。另外，当自己拥有某种市场所需的尖端技术，在希望能快速地大面积覆盖市场，所能使用的资本等要素又不足的情况下，就可以考虑采用交钥匙工程方式。

在实务操作上，因为每个交钥匙工程项目计划必然有其自身特点，因此很难有一致性的标准交钥匙工程合同。但是，无论合同的细节如何复杂，双方都应对合同中的厂房和设备、双方的义务和责任、不可抗力的含义、违反合同的法律责任，以及解决争端的程序等重要事项说明清楚。

此外，如同一般技术授权一样，工程交付后的继续服务，也许是此类交钥匙工程的重要获利途径。日本某厂商曾不惜以低于成本的“自我牺牲”方式，为印度尼西亚承建发电厂。表面上看这是一桩赔本生意，但是从长远利益而言，将来发电厂所需的零配件供应、维护与整修等，势必长期依赖于日本方面的支持，由此累积下来的利益无疑十分可观。

第四篇：交钥匙工程合同概述

交钥匙工程合同概述

一、交钥匙工程承包概述

某些项目的所有者有时出于对项目建设过程的管理不太熟悉考虑，将项目实施过程所涉及的设计、施工、材料和设备采购、竣工和保修一揽子发包给一个承包商而采用的一种简单项目管理模式。雇主的主要目的是，保证建设投资项目预期功能目标的前提下，通过固定最终价格(有时还有固定竣工日期的方式)，与承包商订立合同。目前国内外很多工程采用这种承包方式，尤其是BoT模式建没的工程项日大多采用交钥匙合同方式。交钥匙承包方式的项目建设周期比首先完成设计后再施工方式的时间短，因为施工图阶段的部分设计可以与施工时间有部分搭接同步进行，后续工程的设计出图时间只要不影响工程的施工进度即町。另外，由于设计和施工由一个承包商完成，设计阶段即考虑到施工的可行性，不仅相互协调比较好，而且避免了施工承包中经常遇到的设计变更对施工和项目投资的不利影响。

由于承包范围包括整个项目建设全过程的各个方面，承包商往往采用联合体方式作为承包人，或实力较强的承包商接受合同后，再将工作任务分解后发包给不同的分包商实施。《施工合同条件》分配风险的原则是，哪种风险在雇主和承包商间谁最有能力承担就归于哪一方的平衡分配风险原则，进而使雇主能够按较低价格签订合同，仅在实际发生特殊的非正常风险情况下，才增加进一步费用。交钥匙承包工程由于承包范围的广泛性，使得承包商几乎要承担项目实施过程中可能发生的各种风险，因此承包的合同价较高。交钥匙合同采用不可调价的固定总价方式承包，即不以实际完成的工程量作为给承包商支付的依据，也不考虑合同履行期间巾场价格浮动对施工成本的影响。

交钥匙承包通常也采用招标方式选择承包商。为了确保价格、时间和功能的确定性，招标过程中，在招标文件中的“雇主要求”文件对承包商实施过程的要求比较明确，给予承包商时间和机会研究所有有关资料，签订合同前雇主与承包商就技术问题和商务条件进行讨论后达成的协议也将作为合同的组成部分。

项目实施过程中给予承包商按他选择的方式自由地进行工作，只要最终结果满足雇主规定的功能标准即可，因此交钥匙合同条件中不设工程师对承包商的工作进行监督和管理。雇主对承包商的工作只进行有限的控制，一般不进行干预。

二、交钥匙工程合同概述

FIDIC 1999年出版的《设汁采购施工(EPC)／交钥匙工程合同条件》适用于项目建设总承包的合同，也是由通用条件和专用条件两部分组成。通用条件条款的标题分别为：一般规定，雇主，雇主的管理，承包商，设计，员工，生产设备、材料和工艺，开工、延误和暂停，竣工试验，雇主的接收，缺陷责任，竣工后试验，变更和凋整，合同价格和付款，由雇主终止，由承包商暂停和终止，风险与职责，保险，不可抗力，索赔、争端和仲裁，共20条166款。

为了便于使用者对不同合同条件的理解和应用，FIDIC编制的《施工合同条件》、《设计采购施工(EPC)／交钥匙工程合同条件》和《生产设备和设计-—施工合同条件》均采用20条的结构形式，而且对同时适用于各个合同间的条款内容完全一致，因此奉章仪就与《施工合同条件》的主要区别予以介绍。

第五篇：交钥匙工程合同FIDIC标准范本(双语版)

国际咨询工程师联合会

Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils

FIDIC 合同条件

CONTENTS 目 录

1.一般规定 General Provisions..................................................................................................................6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 定义 Definitions...........................................................................................................................7 解释 Interpretation.....................................................................................................................13 通讯联络 Communications.......................................................................................................13 法律和语言 1.4 Law and Language..........................................................................................14 文件的优先次序 1.5 Priority of documents..............................................................................14 合同协议书 1.6 Contract Agreement........................................................................................15 转让 1.7 Assignment..................................................................................................................15 文件的保管和提供 1.8 Care and Supply of documents............................................................16 拖延的图纸或指示 1.9 Delayed Drawings or Instructions.......................................................16 雇主使用承包商的文件 1.10 Employer's Use of Contractor's documents...............................17 承包商使用雇主的文件 1.11 Contractor's Use of Employer's documents...............................18 保密事项 1.12 Confidential Details..........................................................................................18 遵守法律 1.13 Compliance with Laws......................................................................................18 共同的与各自的责任 1.14 Joint and Several Liability.............................................................19

2.雇主 THE EMPLOYER........................................................................................................................19 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 进入现场的权利 2.1 Right of Access to the Site......................................................................19 许可、执照和批准 2.2 Permits, Licences or Approval............................................................20 雇主的人员 2.3 Employer's Personnel......................................................................................20 雇主的资金安排 2.4 Employer's Financial Arrangements........................................................21 雇主的索赔 2.5 Employer's Claims..........................................................................................21

3.工程师 THE ENGINEER......................................................................................................................22 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 工程师的职责和权力 3.1Engineer's Duties and Authority.......................................................22 工程师的授权 3.2 Delegation by the Engineer.........................................................................23 工程师的指示 3.3 Instructions of the Engineer........................................................................23 工程师的撤换 3.4 Replacement of the Engineer......................................................................24 决定 3.5 Determinations............................................................................................................24

4.承包商 The Contractor..........................................................................................................................25 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 承包商的一般义务 4.1 Contractor's General Obligations........................................................25 履约保证 4.2 Performance Security..........................................................................................26 承包商的代表 4.3 Contractor's Representative.........................................................................27 分包商 4.4 subcontractors.........................................................................................................28

国际咨询工程师联合会

Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils

FIDIC 合同条件

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 分包合同利益的转让 4.5 Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract.............................................29 合作 4.6 Co-operation................................................................................................................29 放线 4.7 Setting Out..................................................................................................................29 安全措施 4.8 Safety Procedures................................................................................................30 质量保证 4.9 Quality Assurance...............................................................................................31 现场数据 4.10 Site Data............................................................................................................31 接受的合同款额的完备性 4.11 Sufficiency of the Accepted Contract Amount......................32 不可预见的外界条件 4.12 Unforeseeable Physical Conditions...............................................32 道路通行权和设施 4.13 Rights of Way and Facilities..............................................................34 避免干扰 4.14 Avoidance of Interference.................................................................................34 进场路线 4.15 Access Route.....................................................................................................34 货物的运输 4.16 Transport of Goods........................................................................................35 承包商的设备 4.17 Contractor's Equipment.............................................................................35 环境保护 4.18 Protection of the environment...........................................................................36 电、水、气 4.19 Electricity, Water and Gas.............................................................................36 雇主的设备和免费提供的材料 4.20 Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material............36 进度报告 4.21 Progress Reports................................................................................................37 现场保安

4.22 Security of the Site..........................................................................................38 承包商的现场工作 4.23 Contractor's Operations on Site.........................................................39 化石 4.24 Fossils.......................................................................................................................39

5.指定分包商............................................................................................................................................40 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 指定分包商的定义 5.1 Definition of “nominated Subcontractor.............................................40 对指定的反对 5.2 Objection to Nomination.............................................................................40 对指定分包商的支付 5.3 Payments to nominated Subcontractors...........................................41 支付的证据 5.4 Evidence of Payments.....................................................................................41

6.职员和劳工 Staff and Labour................................................................................................................42 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 职员和劳工的雇用 6.1 Engagement of Staff and Labour.........................................................42 工资标准和劳动条件 6.2 Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour......................................42 为他人提供服务的人员 6.3 Persons in the Service of Employer............................................42 劳动法

6.4 Labour Laws.........................................................................................................42 工作时间

6.5 Working hours...................................................................................................42 为职员和劳工提供的设施

6.6 Facilities for Staff and Labour...............................................43 健康和安全

6.7 Health and Safety..........................................................................................43 承包商的监督 6.8 Contractor's Superintendence......................................................................44 承包商的人员

6.9 Contractor's Personnel...............................................................................44

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6.10 6.11 承包商的人员和设备的记录 6.10 Records of Contractor's Personnel and Equipment...........44 妨碍治安的行为 6.11 Disorderly Conduct...............................................................................45

7.永久设备、材料和工艺.........................................................................................................................45 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 实施方式 7.1 Manner of Execution...........................................................................................45 样本 7.2 Samples.......................................................................................................................45 检查

7.3 Inspection..................................................................................................................46 检验 7.4 Testing.........................................................................................................................46 拒收 7.5 Rejection.....................................................................................................................47 补救工作 7.6 Remedial Work....................................................................................................48 对永久设备和材料的拥有权 7.7 Ownership of Plant and Materials.......................................48 矿区使用费

7.8 Royalties........................................................................................................49

8.开工、延误和暂停 Commencement, Delays and Suspension..............................................................49 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 工程的开工 8.1 Commencement of Works...............................................................................49 竣工时间 8.2 Time for Completion...........................................................................................49 进度计划 8.3 Programme..........................................................................................................50 竣工时间的延长

8.4 Extension of Time for Completion........................................................51 由公共当局引起的延误 8.5 Delays Caused by Authorities.....................................................52 进展速度 8.6 Rate of Progress..................................................................................................52 误期损害赔偿费

8.7 Delay Damages.....................................................................................53 工程暂停 8.8 Suspension of Work............................................................................................53 暂停引起的后果 8.9 Consequences of Suspension...............................................................53

8.10 暂停时对永久设备和材料的支付

8.10 Payment for Plant and Materials in Event of Suspension...........................................................................54 8.11 8.12 持续的暂停 8.11 Prolonged Suspension...................................................................................54 复工

8.12 Resumption of Work...............................................................................................54

9.竣工检验 Tests On Completion.............................................................................................................54 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 10.10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11.承包商的义务 9.1 Contractor's Obligations..............................................................................54 延误的检验 9.2 Delayed Tests..................................................................................................55 重新检验

9.3 Retesting............................................................................................................55 未能通过竣工检验 9.4 Failure to Pass Tests on completion.................................................56 10 雇主的接收 Employer’s Taking Over.................................................................................56 对工程和区段的接收 10.1 Taking Over of the Works and Sections........................................56 对部分工程的接收

10.2 Taking Over of parts of the Works..................................................57 对竣工检验的干扰 10.3 Interference with Tests on Completion..............................................58 地表需要恢复原状

10.4 Surfaces Requiring Reinstatement..................................................59 缺陷责任 Defects Liability........................................................................................................59

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11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 12.12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13.13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 14.14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷 11.1 Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects..59 修补缺陷的费用.........................................................................................................................60 缺陷通知期的延长

11.3 Extension of Defects Notification Period........................................60 未能补救缺陷 11.4 Failure to Remedy Defects........................................................................60 清除有缺陷的部分工程

11.5 Removal of Defective Work....................................................61 进一步的检验 11.6 Further Tests..............................................................................................61 进入权 11.7 Right of Access......................................................................................................62 承包商的检查 11.8 Contractor to Search..................................................................................62 履约证书 11.9 Performance Certificate.....................................................................................62 未履行的义务 11.1 Unfulfilled Obligations..............................................................................62 现场的清理 11.11 Clearance of Site..........................................................................................63 测量和估价 Measurement and Evaluation................................................................................63 需测量的工程

12.1 Works to be Measured.............................................................................63 测量方法

12.2 Method of Measurement.................................................................................64 估价 12.3 Evaluation.................................................................................................................64 省略

12.4 Omissions................................................................................................................65 变更和调整 Variations and Adjustments...................................................................................66 有权变更

13.1 Right to Vary...................................................................................................66 价值工程 13.2 value Engineering..............................................................................................67 变更程序

13.3 Variation Procedure.........................................................................................68 以适用的货币支付

13.4 Payment in Applicable Currencies..................................................68 暂定金额

13.5Provisional Sums..............................................................................................68 计日工

13.6 Daywork..............................................................................................................69 法规变化引起的调整

13.7Adjustments for changes in Lesgislation......................................70 费用变化引起的调整 13.8 Adjustments for Changes in the Cost............................................71 合同价格和支付 Contractor price and Payment.......................................................................72 合同价格14.1The contractor Price............................................................................................72 预付款14.2Advance Payment...................................................................................................73 期中支付证书的申请14.3 Application for Interim Payment Certificates.................................74 支付表14.4Schedule of Payments.............................................................................................75 用于永久工程的永久设备和材料14.5 Plant and Materials.....................................................76 期中支付证书的颁发14.6 Issue of Interim Payment Certificates............................................78 支付Payment..............................................................................................................................78 延误的支付Delayed Payment...................................................................................................79 保留金的支付Payment of Retention money.............................................................................79

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14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 15.15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 16.16.1 16.2 竣工报表Statement of Completion............................................................................................80 申请最终支付证书Application for Final Payment Certificate.................................................80 结清单Discharge.......................................................................................................................81 最终支付证书的颁发Issue of Final Payment Certificate.........................................................81 雇主责任的终止Cessation of Employer’s Liability..................................................................82 支付的货币Currencies of Payment...........................................................................................82 雇主提出终止 Termination by Employer..................................................................................83 通知改正 15.1 Notice to Correct...............................................................................................83 雇主提出终止 15.2 Termination by Employer..........................................................................83 终止日期时的估价.....................................................................................................................85 终止后的支付 15.4 Payment after Termination........................................................................85 雇主终止合同的权力.................................................................................................................86 承包商提出暂停和终止 Suspens on and Termination by Contractor.......................................86 承包商有权暂停工作 16.1 Contractor's Entitlement to Suspend Work.................................86 承包商提出终止 16.2 Termination by Contractor....................................................................87

16.3 停止工作及承包商的设备的撤离 16.3 Cessation of Work and Removal of Contractor's Equipment...................................................................................................................................................88 16.4 17.17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 18.18.1 18.2 终止时的支付 16.4Payment on Termination............................................................................89 风险和责任 Risk and Responsibility.........................................................................................89 保障 17.1 Indemnities................................................................................................................89 承包商对工程的照管 17.2 Contractor's Care of the Works......................................................90 雇主的风险 17.3 Employer's Risks...........................................................................................90 雇主的风险造成的后果 17.4 Consequences of Employer’s rirks............................................91 知识产权和工业产权 17.5 Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights....................................92 责任限度 17.6 Limitation of Liability.......................................................................................93 保险 Insurance...........................................................................................................................93 有关保险的总体要求 18.1 General Requirements for insurances............................................93 工程和承包商的设备的保险 18.2 Insurance for Works and Contractor’s equipment.............95

18.3 人员伤亡和财产损害的保险 18.3Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage under to Property 97 18.4 19.19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 承包商的人员的保险 18.4 Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel............................................98 不可抗力 Force Majeure...........................................................................................................99 不可抗力的定义 19.1 Defination of Force Majeure.................................................................99 不可抗力的通知 19.2 Notice of Force Majeure.....................................................................100 减少延误的责任 19.3 Duty to Minimise Delay......................................................................100 不可抗力引起的后果 19.4 Consequences of Force Majeure.................................................100

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19.5 19.6 19.7 20.20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 不可抗力对分包商的影响 19.5 Force Majeure Affecting Subcontractor..............................101 可选择的终止、支付和返回 19.6 Optional Termination, Payment and Release...................101 根据法律解除履约 19.7 Release from Performance under the Law......................................102 索赔、争端和仲裁 Claim, Disputes and Arbitration..............................................................102 承包商的索赔 20.1 Contractor's Claims.................................................................................102 争端裁决委员会的委任 20.2 Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board....................104 未能同意争端裁决委员会的委任 20.3 Failure to Agree Dispute Adjudication Board.........106 获得争端裁决委员会的决定 20.4 Obtaining Dispute Adjudication Board's Decision..........106 友好解决 20.5 Amicable both Settlement...............................................................................107 仲裁 20.6 Arbitration...............................................................................................................108

20.7 未能遵守争端裁决委员会的决定 20.7 Failure to Comply with Dispute Adjudication Board's Decision 109 20.8 争端裁决委员会的委任期满 20.8 Expiry of Dispute Adjudication Board's Appointment....109

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通用条件 General Conditions 1.一般规定

General Provisions

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1.1 定义

Definitions 在包括专用条件和本通用条件的合同条件（“本合同条件”）中，以下措辞和用语的含义如下所述。除非上下文中另有要求，指当事人和当事各方的词包括公司和其它法律实体。In the Conditions of Contract(”these Conditions“), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings stated.Words indicating persons or parties include corporations and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise.1.1.1 合同 1.1.1 The Contract 1.1.1.1“合同(Contract)”指合同协议书、中标函、投标函、本合同条件、规范、图纸、资料表、以及在合同协议书或中标函中列明的其它进一步的文件(如有时)。

1.1.1.1 ”Contract“ means the Contract Agreement, the Letter of Acceptance, the Letter of Tender, these Conditions, the Specification, the Drawings, the Schedules, and the further documents(if any)which are listed in the Contract Agreement or in the Letter of Acceptance.1.1.1.2“合同协议书(Contract Agreement)”指 国际咨询工程师联合会

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1.1.1.7 ”Schedules“ means the document(s)entitled schedules, completed by the Contractor and submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the Contract.Such document may include the Bill of Quantities, data, lists, and schedules of rates and/or prices 1.1.1.8“投标文件(Tender)”指投标函和合同中规定的承包商应随投标函提交的其它所有文件。

1.1.1.8 ”Tender“ means the Letter of Tender and all other documents which the Contractor submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the Contract.1.1.1.9“投标函附录(Appendix to Tender)”指名称为投标函附录并已填写完毕的文件，附于投标函之后并构成投标函的一部分。

1.1.1.9 ”Appendix to Tender“ means the completed pages entitled appendix to tender which are appended to and form part of the Letter of Tender.1.1.1.10 “工程量表(Bill of Quantities)”和“计日工计划(Daywork Schedule)”指资料表中如此命名的文件(如有时)。

1.1.1.10 ”Bill of Quantities“ and ”Day work Schedule“ mean the documents so named(if any)which are comprised in the Schedules.1.1.2 当事各方和当事人 1.1.2Parties and Persons 1.1.2.1“一方(Party)”指雇主或承包商(根据上下文而定)。

1.1.2.1 ”Party“ means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.1.1.2.2“雇主(Employer)”指在投标函附录中指定为雇主的当事人或此当事人的合法继承人。1.1.2.2 ”Employer“ means the person named as employer in the Appendix to Tender and the legal successors in title to this person.1.1.2.3“承包商(Contractor)”指在雇主收到的投标函中指明为承包商的当事人(一个或多个)及其合法继承人。

1.1.2.3 ”Contractor“ means the person(s)named as contractor in the Letter of Tender accepted by the Employer and the legal successors in title to this person(s).1.1.2.4“工程师(Engineer)”指雇主为合同之目的指定作为工程师工作并在投标函附录中指明的人员，或由雇主按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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[Delegation by the Engineer] and all other staff, labour and other employees of the Engineer and of the Employer;and any other personnel notified to the Contractor, by the Employer or the Engineer, as Employer's Personnel.1.1.2.7“承包商的人员”指承包商的代表和所有承包商在现场使用的人员，包括职员、劳工和承包商及各分包商的其他雇员；以及其他所有帮助承包商实施工程的人员。1.1.2.7 ”Contractor's Personnel“ means the Contractor's Representative and all personnel whom the Contractor utilises on Site, who may include the staff, labour and other employees of the Contractor and of each Subcontractor;and any other personnel assisting the Contractor in the execution of the Works.1.1.2.8“分包商”指合同中指明为分包商的所有人员，或为部分工程指定为分包商的人员；及所有上述人员的合法继承人。

1.1.2.8 ”Subcontractor“ means any person named in the Contract as a subcontractor, or any person appointed as a subcontractor, for a part of the Works;and the legal successors in title to each of these persons.1.1.2.9“争端裁决委员会”指合同中如此命名的一个或三个当事人，或按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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1.1.3.5“接收证书”指按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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Final Payment Certificate].1.1.4.6“外币”指可用来支付部分(或全部)合同价格的某种货币，但不指当地货币。1.1.4.6 ”Foreign Currency“ means a currency in which part(or all)of the Contract Price is payable, but not the Local Currency.1.1.4.7“期中支付证书”指根据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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照合同仅负责供应的材料(如有时)。

1.1.5.3 ”Materials， means things of all kinds(other than Plant)intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works, including the supply-only materials(if any)to be supplied by the Contractor under the Contract.1.1.5.4“永久工程”指将由承包商按照合同实施的永久工程。

1.1.5.4 “Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be executed by the Contractor under the Contract.1.1.5.5“永久设备”指将构成或构成部分永久工程的机械、仪器和车辆。

1.1.5.5 “Plant” means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works.1.1.5.6“区段”指投标函附录中指明为区段的部分工程(如有时)。

1.1.5.6 “Section” means apart of the Works specified in the Appendix to Tender as a Section(if any).1.1.5.7“临时工程”指为了实施和完成永久工程以及修补任何缺陷在现场上所需的各种类型的临时工程(承包商的设备除外)。

1.5.7 “Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind(other than Contractor's Equipment)required on Site for the execution and completion of the Permanent Works and the remedying of any defects.1.1.5.8“工程”指永久工程和临时工程，或视情况指其中之一。

1.1.5.8 “Works” mean the Permanent Works and the Temporary Works, or either of them as appropriate.1.1.6 其它定义 1.1.6 Other Definitions 1.1.6.1“承包商的文件”指由承包商按照合同规定提交的计算书、计算机程序及其它软件、图纸、手册、模型、和其它技术性文件(如有时)。1.1.6.1 “Contractor's 1.1.6.2“工程所在国”指现场(或大部分现场)所在的国家，永久工程将在此实施。1.1.6.2 ”Country“ means the country in which the Site(or most of it)is located, where the Permanent Works are to be executed.1.1.6.3“雇主的设备”指规范中说明的，在实施工程的过程中，雇主提供给承包商使用的机械、仪器和车辆(如有时)；但不包括尚未被雇主接收的永久设备。

1.1.6.3 ”Employer's Equipment“ means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles(if any)made available by the Employer for the use of the Contractor in the execution of the Works, as stated in the Specification;but does not include Plant which has not been taken over by the Employer.1.1.6.4“不可抗力”如 国际咨询工程师联合会

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1.1.6.5 ”Laws“ means all national(or state)legislation, statutes, ordinances and other laws, and regulations and by-laws of any legally constituted public authority.1.1.6.6“履约保证”指 国际咨询工程师联合会

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determinations, notices and requests, these communications shall be:（a）为书面的，且应派人面交并取得收据，或者邮寄，或由信使送达，或按投标函附录中所列通过经同意的电子传输系统传输；且

(a)in writing and delivered by hand(against receipt), sent by mail or courier, or transmitted using any of the agreed systems of electronic transmission as stated in the Appendix to Tender;and（b）递交、邮寄或传输到投标函附录中规定的收件人地址。但是：

(b)delivered, sent or transmitted to the address for the recipient's communications as stated in the Appendix to Tender.However:（i）如果收件人发出了更改地址的通知，其后的信件应投送到相应的地址；且

(i)if the recipient gives notice of another address, communications shall thereafter be delivered accordingly;and（ii）如果收件人在要求批准或同意时没有另做说明，此批准或同意可送达发出要求的地址。

(ii)if the recipient has not stated otherwise when requesting an approval or consent, it may be sent to the address from which the request was issued.批准、证书、同意及决定不得被无理扣压或拖延。向一方颁发证书时，颁发者应向另一方送交一份复印件。当另一方或工程师向一方发出通知时，应向工程师或另一方送交一份复印件(视情况而定)。

Approvals, certificates, consents and determinations shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.When a certificate is issued to a Party, the certifier shall send a copy to the other Party.When a notice is issued to a Party, by the other Parry or the Engineer, a copy shall be sent to the Engineer or the other Party, as the case may be.1.4 法律和语言

1.4 Law and Language 合同应受投标函附录中规定的国家(或其它管辖区域)的法律的制约。

The Contract shall be governed by the law of the country(or other jurisdiction)stated in the Appendix to Tender.如果合同的任何部分使用一种以上语言编写，从而构成了不同的版本，则以投标函附录中规定的主导语言编写的版本优先。

If there are versions of any part of the Contract which are written in more than one language, the version which is in the ruling language stated in the Appendix to Tender shall prevail.往来信函应使用投标函附录中规定的语言。如果投标函附录中没有规定，则往来信函应使用编写合同(或大部分合同)的语言。

The language for communications shall be that stated in the Appendix to Tender.If no language is stated there, the language for communications shall be the language in which the Contract(or most of it)is written.1.5 文件的优先次序

1.5 Priority of documents 构成合同的各个文件应被视作互为说明的。为解释之目的，各文件的优先次序如下： The documents forming the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another.For the purposes of interpretation, the priority of the documents shall be in accordance with the

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following sequence:（a）合同协议书(如有时)，(a)the Contract Agreement(if any),（b）中标函，(b)the Letter of Acceptance,（c）投标函，(c)the Letter of Tender,（d）专用条件，(d)the Particular Conditions,（e）本通用条件

(e)these General Conditions,（f）规范(f)the Specification,（g）图纸，和(g)the Drawings, and（h）资料表以及其它构成合同一部分的文件。

(h)the Schedules and any other documents forming part of the Contract.如果在合同文件中发现任何含混或矛盾之处，工程师应颁发任何必要的澄清或指示。If an ambiguity or discrepancy is found in the documents, the Engineer shall issue any necessary clarification or instruction.1.6 合同协议书

1.6 Contract Agreement 除非双方另有协议，否则双方应在承包商收到中标函后的28天内签订合同协议书。合同协议书应以专用条件后所附的格式为基础。法律规定的与签订合同协议书有关的印花税和其它类似费用(如有时)应由雇主承担。

The Parties shall enter into a Contract Agreement within 28 days after the Contractor receives the Letter of Acceptance, unless they agree otherwise.The Contract Agreement shall be based upon the form annexed to the Particular Conditions.The costs of stamp duties and similar charges(if any)imposed by law in connection with entry into the Contract Agreement shall be borne by the Employer.1.7 转让

1.7 Assignment 任一方都不得转让整个或部分合同或转让根据合同应得的利益或权益。但一方： Neither Party shall assign the whole or any part of the Contract or any benefit or interest in or under the Contract.However, either Party:（a）经另一方的事先同意可以转让整个或部分合同，决定权完全在于另一方，及(a)may assign the whole or any part with the prior agreement of the other Party, at the sole discretion of such other Party, and

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（b）可将其按照合同对任何到期或将到期的金额所享有的权利，以银行或金融机构作为受益人，作为抵押转让出去。

(b)may, as security in favour of a bank or financial institution, assign its right to any moneys due, or to become due, under the Contract.1.8 文件的保管和提供

1.8 Care and Supply of documents 规范和图纸应由雇主保护和保管。除非合同另有规定，否则雇主应向承包商提供合同及每份后续图纸的两份复印件，承包商可自行复制或要求雇主为其提供更多的复印件，但费用自理。

The Specification and Drawings shall be in the custody and care of the Employer.Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, two copies of the Contract and of each subsequent Drawing shall be supplied to the Contractor, who may make or request further copies at the cost of the Contractor.在移交给雇主之前，每份承包商的文件都应由承包商来保护和保管。除非合同另有规定，否则承包商应向工程师提供6份承包商的所有文件的复印件。

Each of the Contractor's documents shall be in the custody and care of the Contractor, unless and until taken over by the Employer.Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer six copies of each of the Contractor's documents.承包商应在现场保留一份合同的复印件、规范中列出的所有文件、承包商的文件(如有时)、图纸和变更以及其它按照合同收发的往来信函。雇主的人员有权在任何合理的时间查看和使用所有上述文件。

The Contractor shall keep, on the Site, a copy of the Contract, publications named in the Specification, the Contractor's documents(if any), the Drawings and Variations and other communications given under the Contract.The Employer's Personnel shall have the right of access to all these documents at all reasonable times.如果一方在用于施工的文件中发现了技术性错误或缺陷，应立即向另一方通知此类错误或缺陷。

If a Party becomes aware of an error or defect of a technical nature in a document which was prepared for use in executing the Works, the Party shall promptly give notice to the other Party of such error or defect.1.9 拖延的图纸或指示

1.9 Delayed Drawings or Instructions 当因必要的图纸或指示不能在一合理的特定时间内颁发给承包商，从而可能引起工程延误或中断时，承包商应通知工程师。通知中应包括所必需的图纸或指示的详细内容、应颁发的详细理由和时间，以及如果因图纸或指示迟发可能造成的延误或中断的具体性质和程度。

The Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer whenever the Works are likely to be delayed or disrupted if any necessary drawing or instruction is not issued to the Contractor within a particular time, which shall be reasonable.The notice shall include details of the necessary drawing or instruction, details of why and by when it should be issued, and details of the nature and amount of the delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late.如果因工程师未能在一合理的、且已在(附有详细证据的)通知中说明的时间内颁发承包商在通知中要求的图纸或指示，而导致承包商延误和(/或)招致费用增加时，承包商应向工程师发出进一步的通知，且按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure of the Engineer to issue the notified drawing or instruction within a time which is reasonable and is specified in the notice with supporting details, the Contractor shall give a further notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:（a）根据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(c)in the case of Contractor's documents which are in the form of computer programs and other software, permit their use on any computer on the Site and other places as envisaged by the Contract, including replacements of any computers supplied by the Contractor.未经承包商同意，雇主不得因本款规定外的任何目的为 国际咨询工程师联合会

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Employer harmless against and from the consequences of any failure to do so.1.14 共同的与各自的责任

1.14 Joint and Several Liability 如果承包商是由两个或两个以上当事人组成的联营体、联合集团或其它联合团体时： If the Contractor constitutes(under applicable Laws)a joint venture, consortium or other unincorporated grouping of two or more persons:（a）应认为上述当事人应向雇主对合同的履行负共同的与各自的责任；

(a)these persons shall be deemed to be jointly and severally liable to the Employer for the performance of the Contract;（b）上述当事人应向雇主通知他们的负责人，此负责人有权管理承包商及其中每位成员；且

(b)these persons shall notify the Employer of their leader who shall have authority to bind the Contractor and each of these persons;and 没有雇主的事先同意，承包商不得改变其组成或法律地位。

(c)the Contractor shall not alter its composition or legal status without the prior consent of the Employer.2.雇主

THE EMPLOYER 2.1 进入现场的权利

2.1 Right of Access to the Site 雇主应在投标函附录中注明的时间（或各时间段）内给予承包商进入和占用现场所有部分的权利。此类进入和占用权可不为承包商独享。如果合同要求雇主赋予(承包商)对基础、结构、永久设备或通行手段的占用权，则雇主应在规范注明的时间内按照规范中规定的方式履行该职责。但是在收到履约保证之前，雇主可以不给予任何此类权利或占用。The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of the Site within the time(or times)stated in the Appendix to Tender.The right and possession may not be exclusive to the Contractor.If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give(to the Contractor)possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access, the Employer shall do so in the time and manner stated in the Specification.However, the Employer may withhold any such right or possession until the Performance Security has been received.如果投标函附录中未注明时间，则雇主应在一合理的时间内给予承包商进入现场和占用现场的权利，此时间应能使承包商可以按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(a)如果竣工已经或将被延误，根据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(a)依照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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Period].此笔款额应在合同价格及支付证书中扣除。雇主仅有权从支付证书中确定的款额中抵消或扣除，或依据本款向承包商另外提出索赔。

This amount may be included as a deduction in the Contract Price and Payment Certificates.The Employer shall only be entitled to set off against or make any deduction from an amount certified in a Payment Certificate, or to otherwise claim against the Contractor, in accordance with this Sub-Clause.3.工程师

THE ENGINEER 3.1 工程师的职责和权力

3.1Engineer's Duties and Authority 雇主应任命工程师，该工程师应履行合同中赋予他的职责。工程师的人员包括有恰当资格的工程师以及其他有能力履行上述职责的专业人员。

The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to Authority him in the Contract.The Engineer's staff shall include suitably qualified engineers and other professionals who are competent to carry out these duties.工程师无权修改合同。

The Engineer shall have no authority to amend the Contract.工程师可行使合同中明确规定的或必然隐含的赋予他的权力。如果要求工程师在行使其规定权力之前需获得雇主的批准，则此类要求应与合同专用条件中注明。雇主不能对工程师的权力加以进一步限制，除非与承包商达成一致。

The Engineer may exercise the authority attributable to the Engineer as specified in or necessarily to be implied from the Contract.If the Engineer is required to obtain the approval of the Employer before exercising a specified authority, the requirements shall be as stated in the Particular Conditions.The Employer undertakes not to impose further constraints on the Engineer's authority, except as agreed with the Contractor.然而，每当工程师行使某种需经雇主批准的权力时，则被认为他已从雇主处得到任何必要的批准（为合同之目的）。However, whenever the Engineer exercises a specified authority for which the Employer's approval is required, then(for the purposes of the Contract)the Employer shall be deemed to have given approval.除非合同条件中另有说明，否则： Except as otherwise stated in these Conditions:(a)当履行职责或行使合同中明确规定的或必然隐含的权力时，均认为工程师为雇主工作。whenever carrying out duties or exercising authority, specified in or implied by the Contract, the Engineer shall be deemed to act for the Employer;(b)工程师无权解除任何一方依照合同具有的任何职责、义务或责任，以及

the Engineer has no authority to relieve either Party of any duties, obligations or responsibilities under the Contract;and(c)工程师的任何批准、审查、证书、同意、审核、检查、指示、通知、建议、请求、检验或类似行为（包括没有否定），不能解除承包商依照合同应具有的任何责任，包括对其错误、漏项、误差以及未能遵守合同的责任。

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any approval, check, certificate, consent, examination, inspection, instruction, notice, proposal, request, test, or similar act by the Engineer(including absence of disapproval)shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility he has under the Contract, including responsibility for errors, omissions, discrepancies and non-compliances.3.2 工程师的授权

3.2 Delegation by the Engineer 工程师可以随时将他的职责和权力委托给助理，并可撤回此类委托或授权。这些助理包括现场工程师和（或）指定的对设备和（或）材料进行检查和（或）检验的独立检查人员。此类委托、授权或撤回应是书面的并且在合同双方接到副本之前不能生效。但是工程师不能授予其按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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Drawings which may be necessary for the execution of the Works and the remedying of any defects, all in accordance with the Contract.The Contractor shall only take instructions from the Engineer, or from an assistant to whom the appropriate authority has been delegated under this Clause.If an instruction constitutes a Variation, Clause 13(Variations and Adjustments)shall apply.承包商必须遵守工程师或授权助理对有关合同的某些问题所发出的指示。只要有可能，这些指示均应是书面的。如果工程师或授权助理：

The Contractor shall comply with the instructions given by the Engineer or delegated assistant, on any matter related to the Contract.Whenever practicable, their instructions shall be given in writing.If the Engineer or a delegated assistant:(a)发出一口头指示；(a)gives an oral instruction,(b)在发出指示后2个工作日内，从承包商（或承包商授权的他人）处接到指示的书面确认；以及

(b)receives a written confirmation of the instruction, from(or on behalf of)the Contractor, within two working days after giving the instruction, and(c)在接到确认后2个工作日内未颁发一书面拒绝和（或）指示作为回复，(c)does not reply by issuing a written rejection and/or instruction within two working days after receiving the confirmation, 则此确认构成工程师或授权助理的书面指示（视情况而定）。

then the confirmation shall constitute the written instruction of the Engineer or delegated assistant(as the case may be).3.4 工程师的撤换

3.4 Replacement of the Engineer 如果雇主准备撤换工程师，则必须在期望撤换日期42天以前向承包商发出通知说明拟替换的工程师的名称、地址及相关经历。如果承包商对替换人选向雇主发出了拒绝通知，并附具体的证明资料，则雇主不能撤换工程师。

If the Employer intends to replace the Engineer, the Employer shall, not less than 42 days before the intended date of replacement, give notice to the Contractor of the name, address and relevant experience of the intended replacement Engineer.The Employer shall not replace the Engineer with a person against whom the Contractor raises reasonable objection by notice to the Employer, with supporting particulars.3.5 决定

3.5 Determinations 每当合同条件要求工程师按照本款规定对某一事项作出商定或决定时，工程师应与合同双方协商并尽力达成一致。如果未能达成一致，工程师应按照合同规定在适当考虑到所有有关情况后作出公正的决定。

Whenever these Conditions provide that the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause 3.5 to agree or determine any matter, the Engineer shall consult with each Party in an endeavour to reach agreement.If agreement is not achieved, the Engineer shall make a fair determination in accordance with the Contract, taking due regard of all relevant circumstances.工程师应将每一项协议或决定向每一方发出通知以及具体的证明资料。每一方均应遵守该协议或决定，除非和直到按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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The Engineer shall give notice to both Parties of each agreement or determination, with supporting particulars.Each Party shall give effect to each agreement or determination unless and until revised under Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration].4.承包商

The Contractor 4.1 承包商的一般义务

4.1 Contractor's General Obligations 承包商应按照合同的规定以及工程师的指示（在合同规定的范围内）对工程进行设计、施工和竣工，并修补其任何缺陷。

The Contractor shall design(to the extent specified in the Contract), execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and with the Engineer's instructions, and shall remedy any defects in the Works.承包商应为工程的设计、施工、竣工以及修补缺陷提供所需的临时性或永久性的永久设备、合同中注明的承包商的文件、所有承包商的人员、货物、消耗品以及其他物品或服务。The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractor's documents specified in the Contract, and all Contractor's Personnel, Goods, consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion and remedying of defects.承包商应对所有现场作业和施工方法的完备性、稳定性和安全性负责。除合同中规定的范围，承包商(i)应对所有承包商的文件、临时工程和按照合同规定对每项永久设备和材料的所做的设计负责；以及(ii)但对永久工程的设计或规范不负责任。

The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and safety of all Site operations and of all methods of construction.Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor(i)shall be responsible for all Contractor's documents, Temporary Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract, and(ii)shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or specification of the Permanent Works.在工程师的要求下，承包商应提交为实施工程拟采用的方法以及所作安排的详细说明。在事先未通知工程师的情况下，不得对此类安排和方法进行重大修改。

The Contractor shall, whenever required by the Engineer, submit details of the arrangements and methods which the Contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the Works.No significant alteration to these arrangements and methods shall be made without this having previously been notified to the Engineer.如果合同中明确规定由承包商设计部分永久工程，除非专用条件中另有规定，否则： If the Contract specifies that the Contractor shall design any part of the Permanent Works, then unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:(a)承包商应按照合同中说明的程序向工程师提交该部分工程的承包商的文件；

(a)the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the Contractor's documents for this part in accordance with the procedures specified in the Contract;(b)承包商的文件必须符合规范和图纸，并使用 国际咨询工程师联合会

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Drawings for co-ordination of each Party's designs;(c)承包商应对该部分工程负责，并且该部分工程完工后应适合于合同中规定的工程的预期目的；以及

(c)the Contractor shall be responsible for this part and it shall, when the Works are completed, be fit for such purposes for which the part is intended as are specified in the Contract;and(d)在开始竣工检验之前，承包商应按照规范规定向工程师提交竣工文件以及操作和维修手册，且应足够详细，以使雇主能够操作、维修、拆卸、重新安装、调整和修理该部分工程。在将此类文件和手册提交工程师之前，依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(a)failure by the Contractor to extend the validity of the Performance Security as described in the preceding paragraph, in which event the Employer may claim the full amount of the Performance Security,(b)按照承包商同意或依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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The whole time of the Contractor's Representative shall be given to directing the Contractor's performance of the Contract.If the Contractor's Representative is to be temporarily absent from the Site during the execution of the Works, a suitable replacement person shall be appointed, subject to the Engineer's prior consent, and the Engineer shall be notified accordingly.承包商的代表应代表承包商按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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subcontract to be assigned to the Employer under Sub-Clause 4.5 [Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract](if or when applicable)or in the event of termination under Sub-Clause 15.2 [Termination by Employer].4.5 分包合同利益的转让

4.5 Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract 如果分包商的义务超过了缺陷通知期的期满之日，且工程师在此期满日前已指示承包商将此分包合同的利益转让给雇主，则承包商应按指示行事。除非另有说明，否则承包商在转让生效以后对分包商实施的工程对雇主不负责任。

If a Subcontractor's obligations extend beyond the expiry date of the relevant Defects Notification Period and the Engineer, prior to this date, instructs the Contractor to assign the benefit of such obligations to the Employer, then the Contractor shall do so.Unless otherwise stated in the assignment, the Contractor shall have no liability to the Employer for the work carried out by the Subcontractor after the assignment takes effect.4.6 合作

4.6 Co-operation 承包商应按照合同的规定或工程师的指示，为下述人员从事其工作提供一切适当的机会： The Contractor shall, as specified in the Contract or as instructed by the Engineer, allow appropriate opportunities for carrying out work to:(a)雇主的人员；

(a)the Employer's Personnel,(b)雇主雇用的任何其他承包商；以及

(b)any other contractors employed by the Employer, and(c)任何合法公共机构的人员，(c)the personnel of any legally constituted public authorities, 这些人员可能被雇用于现场或于现场附近从事合同中未包括的任何工作。

who may be employed in the execution on or near the Site of any work not included in the Contract.如果（并在一定程度上）此类指示使承包商增加了不可预见的费用，则构成了变更。为这些人员和其他承包商的服务包括使用承包商的设备，承包商负责的临时工程或通行道路安排。

Any such instruction shall constitute a Variation if and to the extent that it causes the Contractor to incur Unforeseeable Cost.Services for these personnel and other contractors may include the use of Contractor's Equipment, Temporary Works or access arrangements which are the responsibility of the Contractor.如果按照合同规定，要求雇主按照承包商的文件给予承包商对任何基础、结构、永久设备或通行手段的占用，承包商应在规范规定的时间内以其规定的方式向工程师提交此类文件。

If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give to the Contractor possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access in accordance with Contractor's documents, the Contractor shall submit such documents to the Engineer in the time and manner stated in the Specification.4.7 放线

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4.7 Setting Out 承包商应根据合同中规定的或工程师通知的原始基准点、基准线和参照标高对工程进行放线。承包商应对工程各部分的正确定位负责，并且矫正工程的位置、标高或尺寸或准线中出现的任何差错。

The Contractor shall set out the Works in relation to original points, lines and levels of reference specified in the Contract or notified by the Engineer.The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct positioning of all parts of the Works, and shall rectify any error in the positions, levels, dimensions or alignment of the Works.雇主应对此类给定的或通知的参照项目的任何差错负责，但承包商在使用这些参照项目前应付出合理的努力去证实其准确性。

The Employer shall be responsible for any errors in these specified or notified items of reference, but the Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to verify their accuracy before they are used.如果由于这些参照项目的差错而不可避免地对实施工程造成了延误和（或）导致了费用，而且一个有经验的承包商无法合理发现这种差错并避免此类延误和（或）费用，承包商应向工程师发出通知并有权依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(b)take care for the safety of all persons entitled to be on the Site,(c)付出合理的努力清理现场和工程不必要的障碍，以避免对这些人员造成伤害；(c)use reasonable efforts to keep the Site and Works clear of unnecessary obstruction so as to avoid danger to these persons,(d)提供工程的围栏、照明、防护及看守，直至竣工和按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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资料进行了检查与审核，并对所有相关事宜感到满意，包括（但不限定）：

To the extent which was practicable(taking account of cost and time), the Contractor shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information as to risks, contingencies and other circumstances which may influence or affect the Tender or Works.To the same extent, the Contractor shall be deemed to have inspected and examined the Site, its surroundings, the above data and other available information, and to have been satisfied before submitting the Tender as to all relevant matters, including(without limitation):(a)现场的形状和性质，包括地表以下的条件；

(a)the form and nature of the Site, including sub-surface conditions,(b)水文及气候条件；

(b)the hydrological and climatic conditions,(c)为实施和完成工程以及修补任何缺陷所需工作和货物的范围和性质；

(c)the extent and nature of the work and Goods necessary for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects,(d)工程所在国的法律、程序和雇佣劳务的习惯作法；以及(d)the Laws, procedures and labour practices of the Country, and(e)承包商要求的通行道路、食宿、设施、人员、电力、交通、水及其他服务。(e)4.11 接受的合同款额的完备性

4.11 Sufficiency of the Accepted Contract Amount 承包商应被认为：

The Contractor shall be deemed to:(a)已完全理解了接受的合同款额的合宜性和充分性，以及

(a)have satisfied himself as to the correctness and sufficiency of the Accepted Contract Amount, and(b)该接受的合同款额是基于 国际咨询工程师联合会

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In this Sub-Clause, ”physical conditions" means natural physical conditions and man-made and other physical obstructions and pollutants, which the Contractor encounters at the Site when executing the Works, including sub-surface and hydro-logical conditions but excluding climatic conditions.如果承包商遇到了在他看来是无法预见的外界条件，则承包商应尽可能快地通知工程师。If the Contractor encounters adverse physical conditions which he considers to have been Unforeseeable, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer as soon as practicable.此通知应描述该外界条件以便工程师审查，并说明原因为什么承包商认为是不可预见的。承包商应继续实施工程，采用在此外界条件下合适的以及合理的措施，并且应该遵守工程师给予的任何指示。如果此指示构成了变更，国际咨询工程师联合会

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However, before additional Cost is finally agreed or determined under sub-paragraph(ii), the Engineer may also review whether other physical conditions in similar parts of the Works(if any)were more favourable than could reasonably have been foreseen when the Contractor submitted the Tender.If and to the extent that these more favourable conditions were encountered, the Engineer may proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine the reductions in Cost which were due to these conditions, which may be included(as deductions)in the Contract Price and Payment Certificates.However, the net effect of all adjustments under sub-paragraph(b)and all these reductions, for all the physical conditions encountered in similar parts of the Works, shall not result in a net reduction in the Contract Price.工程师可以考虑承包商对提交投标文件时合理预见的外界条件提交的任何证据，但不受这些证据的约束。

The Engineer may take account of any evidence of the physical conditions foreseen by the Contractor when submitting the Tender, which may be made available by the Contractor, but shall not be bound by any such evidence.4.13 道路通行权和设施

4.13 Rights of Way and Facilities 承包商应为包括进入现场在内的他所需的特殊和（或）临时的道路通行权承担全部费用和开支。承包商还应自担风险和费用获得为工程目的其自身所需的现场以外的任何附加设施。

The Contractor shall bear all costs and charges for special and/or temporary rights Facilities of-way which he may require, including those for access to the Site.The Contractor shall also obtain, at his risk and cost, any additional facilities outside the Site which he may require for the purposes of the Works.4.14 避免干扰

4.14 Avoidance of Interference 承包商不应不必要地或不适当地干扰：

The Contractor shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with:(a)公众的方便；或

(a)the convenience of the public, or(b)进入和使用以及占用所有道路和人行道，不论这些道路和人行道是公共的或是在雇主或其他人的占用之下。

(b)the access to and use and occupation of all roads and footpaths, irres-pective of whether they are public or in the possession of the Employer or of others.承包商应保障并使雇主免于因上述不必要或不适当的干扰带来的后果而遭受的损害、损失和开支（包括法律费用和开支）。The Contractor shall indemnify and hold the Employer harmless against and from all damages, losses and expenses(including legal fees and expenses)resulting from any such unnecessary or improper interference.4.15 进场路线 4.15 Access Route 承包商应被认为对他选用的进场路线的适宜性和可用性感到满意。承包商应付出合理的努力保护这些道路或桥梁免于因为承包商的交通运输或承包商的人员而遭受损坏。这些努力包括适当地使用合适的运输工具和路线。

The Contractor shall be deemed to have been satisfied as to the suitability and availability of

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access routes to the Site.The Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to prevent any road or bridge from being damaged by the Contractor's traffic or by the Contractor's Personnel.These efforts shall include the proper use of appropriate vehicles and routes.除合同中另有说明者外：

Except as otherwise stated in these Conditions:(a)承包商应该（就双方而言）负责他使用的进场路线的任何必要的维护；

(a)the Contractor shall(as between the Parties)be responsible for any maintenance which may be required for his use of access routes;(b)承包商应提供所有沿进场路线必需的标志或方向指示，并应为使用此类进场路线、标志和方向指示，取得有关部门的批准；

(b)the Contractor shall provide all necessary signs or directions along access _.routes, and shall obtain any.permission which may be required from the relevant authorities for his use of routes, signs and directions;(c)雇主不对由于任何进场路线的采用或其他原因引起的索赔负责；

(c)the Employer shall not be responsible for any claims which may arise from the use or otherwise of any access route,(d)雇主不保证任何特定的进场路线的适宜性和可用性；以及

(d)the Employer does not guarantee the suitability or availability of particular access routes, and(e)因承包商所需的使用的进场路线的不适宜性或不可用性而导致的费用，由承包商承担。(e)Costs due to non-suitability or non-availability, for the use required by the Contractor, of access routes shall be bome by the Contractor.4.16 货物的运输

4.16 Transport of Goods 除非专用条件中另有说明，否则：

Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:(a)承包商应在任何永久设备或其他主要货物运送现场日期前不少于21天，通知工程师；(a)the Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than 21 days' notice of the date on which any Plant or a major item of other Goods will be delivered to the Site;

(b)承包商应对工程所需的所有货物和其他物品的包装、装载、运输、接收、卸货、保存和保护负责；以及

(b)the Contractor shall be responsible for packing, loading, transporting, receiving, unloading, storing and protecting all Goods, and other things required for the Works;and(c)承包商应保障并使雇主免于因为货物运输的损坏而遭受损害、损失和开支（包括法律费用和开支），并应协商及支付由于运输所导致的索赔。(c)the Contractor shall indemnity and hold the Employer harmless against and from all damages, losses and expenses(including legal fees and expenses)resulting from the transport of Goods, and shall negotiate and pay all claims arising from their transport.4.17 承包商的设备

4.17 Contractor's Equipment 承包商应对所有承包商的设备负责。所有承包商的设备一经运至现场，都应视为专门用于

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该工程的实施。没有工程师的同意，承包商不得将任何主要的承包商的设备移出现场。但负责将货物或承包商的人员运离现场的运输工具，不必经过同意。

The Contractor shall be responsible for all Contractor's Equipment.When brought on to the Site, Contractor's Equipment shall be deemed to be exclusively intended for the execution of the Works.The Contractor shall not remove from the Site any major items of Contractor's Equipment without the consent of the Engineer.However, consent shall not be required for vehicles transporting Goods or Contractor's Personnel off Site.4.18 环境保护

4.18 Protection of the environment 承包商应采取一切合理步骤保护现场内外的环境，并限制因其施工作业引起的污染、噪音及其他后果对公众和财产造成的损害和妨碍。

The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to protect the environment(both on off the Site)and to limit damage and nuisance to people and property resulting from pollution, noise and other results of his operations.承包商应保证承包商产生的散发物、地面排水及排污不能超过规范中规定的数值，也不能超过法律规定的数值。

The Contractor shall ensure that emissions, surface discharges and effluent from the Contractor's activities shall not exceed the values indicated in the Specification, and shall not exceed the values prescribed by applicable Laws.4.19 电、水、气

4.19 Electricity, Water and Gas 除以下说明外，承包商应对其所需的所有电力、水及其他服务的供应负责。

The Contractor shall, except as stated below, be responsible for the provision of all power, water and other services he may require.为工程之目的承包商有权享用现场供应的电、水、气及其他设施，其详细规定和价格在规范中给出。承包商应自担风险和自付费用，为此类设施的使用以及所消耗的数量的测定提供任何必需的仪器。

The Contractor shall be entitled to use for the purposes of the Works such supplies of electricity, water, gas and other services as may be available on the Site and of which details and prices are given in the Specification.The Contractor shall, at his risk and cost, provide any apparatus necessary for his use of these services and for measuring the quantities consumed.此类设施所消耗的数量和应支付的款额（在此价格上），应由工程师按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(a)the Employer shall be responsible for the Employer's Equipment, except that(b)当承包商的任何人员在操作、驾驶、指导、占有或控制雇主的设备时，承包商应对每项雇主的设备负责。

(b)the Contractor shall be responsible for each item of Employer's Equipment whilst any of the Contractor's Personnel is operating it, driving it, directing it or in possession or control of it.工程师应对使用雇主的设备的合适数量及应支付的款额（以上述指定价格）按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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(a)设计（如有时）、承包商的文件、采购、制造、货物运达现场、施工、安装和调试的每一阶段以及指定分包商（在 国际咨询工程师联合会

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除非专用条件中另有规定：

Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:(a)承包商应负责阻止未获授权的人员进入现场；以及

(a)the Contractor shall be responsible for keeping unauthorised persons off the Site, and(b)授权人员仅限于承包商的人员和雇主的人员，以及雇主的其他承包商在现场的授权人员并由雇主或工程师通知了承包商的任何其他人员。

(b)authorised persons shall be limited to the Contractor's Personnel and the Employer's Personnel;and to any other personnel notified to the Contractor, by the Employer or the Engineer, as authorised personnel of the Employer's other contractors on the Site.4.23 承包商的现场工作

4.23 Contractor's Operations on Site 承包商应将其工作限制在现场以及承包商可能得到并获得工程师同意作为工作区的任何附加区域。承包商应采取一切必要的预防措施以保证他的人员与设备处在现场及此类附加区域之内，并避免他们进入邻地。

The Contractor shall confine his operations to the Site, and to any additional areas which may be obtained by the Contractor and agreed by the Engineer as working areas.The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to keep Contractor’s Equipment and Contractor’s Personnel within the Site and these additional areas, and to keep them off adjacent land.在工程实施期间，承包商应使现场避免出现一切不必要的障碍物，存放并妥善处置承包商的任何设备或剩余材料。承包商应从现场清除并运走任何残物、垃圾或不再需要的临时工程。

During the execution of the Works, the Contractor shall keep the Site free from all unnecessary obstruction, and shall store or dispose of any Contractor's Equipment or surplus materials.The Contractor shall clear away and remove from the Site any wreckage, rubbish and Temporary Works which are no longer required.在颁发接收证书后，承包商应立即从该接收证书涉及的那部分现场和工程中清除并运走承包商的所有设备、剩余材料、残物、垃圾和临时工程。承包商应保持该部分现场和工程处于清洁和安全状况。但是，承包商可以在现场保留在缺陷通知期间内为履行合同中规定的义务所需的货物。

Upon the issue of a Taking-Over Certificate, the Contractor shall clear away and remove, from that part of the Site and Works to which the Taking-Over Certificate refers, all Contractor's Equipment, surplus material, wreckage, rubbish and Temporary Works.The Contractor shall leave that part of the Site and the Works in a clean and safe condition.However, the Contractor may retain on Site, during the Defects Notification Period, such Goods as are required for the Contractor to fulfil obligations under the Contract.4.24 化石 4.24 Fossils 在工程现场发现的所有化石、硬币、有价值的物品或文物、建筑结构以及其他具有地质或考古价值的遗迹或物品应处于雇主的看管和权力之下。承包商应采取合理的预防措施防止承包商的人员或其他人员移动或损坏这些发现物。

All fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, and structures and other remains or items of geological or archaeological interest found on the Site shall be placed under the care and authority of the Employer.The Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to prevent Contractor's Personnel or other persons from removing or damaging any of these findings.国际咨询工程师联合会

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一旦发现此类物品，承包商应立即通知工程师，工程师可发出关于处理上述物品的指示。如果承包商由于遵守该指示而引起延误和(/或)招致了费用，则应进一步通知工程师并有权依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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疏忽或对货物的错误操作的责任；或

(b)the subcontract does not specify that the nominated Subcontractor shall indemnify the Contractor against and from any negligence or misuse of Goods by the nominated Subcontractor, his agents and employees;or(c)分包合同未规定指定分包商对所分包工程（包括设计，如有时），应该：

(c)the subcontract does not specify that, for the subcontracted work(including design, if any), the nominated Subcontractor shall:(i)向承包商承担该项义务和责任以使承包商可以依照合同免除他的义务和责任，以及(i)undertake to the Contractor such obligations and liabilities as will enable the Contractor to discharge his obligations and liabilities under the Contract, and(ii)保障承包商免于按照合同或与合同有关的以及由于分包商未能履行这些义务或完成这些责任而导致的后果所具有的所有义务和责任。

(ii)indemnify the Contractor against and from all obligations and liabilities arising under or in connection with the Contract and from the consequences of any failure by the Subcontractor to perform these obligations or to fulfill these liabilities.5.3 对指定分包商的支付

5.3 Payments to nominated Subcontractors 承包商应向指定分包商支付工程师证实的依据分包合同应支付的款额。该项款额加上其他费用应按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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当地扣除保留金）并且承包商不能按照上述(a)、(b)段所述提供证据的那一项款额。承包商应向雇主偿还这笔由雇主直接支付给指定分包商的款额。

then the Employer may(at his sole discretion)pay, direct to the nominated Subcontractor, part or all of such amounts previously certified(less applicable deductions)as are due to the nominated Subcontractor and for which the Contractor has failed to submit the evidence described in sub-paragraphs(a)or(b)above.The Contractor shall then repay, to the Employer, the amount which the nominated Subcontractor was directly paid by the Employer.6.职员和劳工

Staff and Labour 6.1 职员和劳工的雇用

6.1 Engagement of Staff and Labour 除非规范中另有规定，承包商应安排从当地或其他地方雇用所有的职员和劳工，并负责他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通。

Except as otherwise stated in the Specification, the Contractor shall make arrangements for the engagement of all staff and labour, local or otherwise, and for their payment, housing, feeding and transport.6.2 工资标准和劳动条件

6.2 Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour 承包商所付的工资标准及遵守的劳动条件应不低于其从事工作的地区同类工商业现行的标准和条件。如果没有现成的标准或条件可适用，承包商所付的工资标准及遵守的劳动条件应不低于从事类似于此承包商工作的当地工商业雇主所付的一般工资标准及遵守的劳动条件。

The Contractor shall pay rates of wages, and observe conditions of labour, which are not lower than those established for the trade or industry where the work is carried out.If no established rates or conditions are applicable, the Contractor shall pay rates of wages and observe conditions which are not lower than the general level of wages and conditions observed locally by employers whose trade or industry is similar to that of the Contractor.6.3 为他人提供服务的人员

6.3 Persons in the Service of Employer 承包商不应从雇主的人员中招收或试图招收职员或劳工。

The Contractor shall not recruit, or attempt to recruit, staff and labour from amongst the Employer's Personnel.6.4 劳动法

6.4 Labour Laws 承包商应遵守所有适用于承包商的人员的相关的劳动法，包括有关此类人员的雇用、健康、安全、福利、入境和出境的法律，并保障他们享有法律规定的所有权利。

The Contractor shall comply with all the relevant labour Laws applicable to the Contractor's Personnel, including Laws relating to their employment, health, safety, welfare, immigration and emigration, and shall allow them all their legal rights.承包商应要求他的雇员遵守所有适用的法律，包括与安全工作有关的法律。

The Contractor shall require his employees to obey all applicable Laws, including those concerning safety at work.6.5 工作时间

6.5 Working hours

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在当地公认的休息日，或在投标函附录中规定的正常工作时间以外，不得在现场进行任何工作，除非：

No work shall be carried out on the Site on locally recognized days of rest, or outside the normal working hours stated in the Appendix to Tender, unless:(a)合同另有规定，(a)otherwise stated in the Contract,(b)工程师同意，或

(b)the Engineer gives consent, or(c)为了抢救生命或财产，或为了工程的安全，该工作是无法避免的或必须进行的，在此情况下，承包商应立即通知工程师。

(c)the work is unavoidable, or necessary for the protection of life or property or for the safety of the Works, in which case the Contractor shall immediately 6.6 为职员和劳工提供的设施

6.6 Facilities for Staff and Labour 除非规范中另有规定，承包商应为其人员提供并维护所有必须的膳宿及福利设施。承包商还应为雇主的人员提供规范中规定的设施。

Except as otherwise stated in the Specification, the Contractor shall provide and maintain all necessary accommodation and welfare facilities for the Contractor's Personnel.The Contractor shall also provide facilities for the Employer's Personnel as stated in the Specification.承包商不得允许任何承包商的人员在构成永久工程部分的构筑物内保留任何临时或永久的居住场所。

The Contractor shall 1 dot permit any of the Contractor's Personnel to maintain any temporary or permanent living quarters within the structures forming part of the Permanent Works.6.7 健康和安全

6.7 Health and Safety 承包商应采取合理的预防措施以维护其人员的健康和安全。承包商应与当地卫生部门合作，自始至终在现场以及承包商和雇主的人员住地确保配备医务人员、急救设施、病房以及救护服务，并应作出适当安排提供所有必要的福利和卫生条件，并防止传染病的发生。The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to maintain the health and safety of the Contractor's Personnel.In collaboration with local health authorities, the Contractor shall ensure that medical staff, first aid facilities, sick bay and ambulance service are available at all times at the Site and at any accommodation for Contractor's and Employer's Personnel, and that suitable arrangements are made for all necessary welfare and hygiene requirements and for the prevention of epidemics.承包商应在现场指派一名事故预防官员负责维持安全并防止事故发生。该人员应能胜任此责任，并有权发布指示及采取预防事故发生的保护措施。在工程的整个实施过程中，承包商应提供该人员为执行职责和权力所必需的任何物品。

The Contractor shall appoint an accident prevention officer at the Site, responsible for maintaining safety and protection against accidents.This person shall be qualified for this responsibility, and shall have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents.Throughout the execution of the Works, the Contractor shall provide whatever is required by this person to exercise this responsibility and authority.一旦发生事故，承包商应及时向工程师通报事故详情。承包商应按工程师的合理要求，保

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持有关人员的健康、安全和福利以及财产损坏的记录并写出报告。

The Contractor shall send, to the Engineer, details of any accident as soon as practicable after its occurrence.The Contractor shall maintain records and make reports concerning health, safety and welfare of persons, and damage to property, as the Engineer may reasonably require.6.8 承包商的监督

6.8 Contractor's Superintendence 只要工程师合理认为为履行承包商的义务必需时，承包商应在工程的整个实施过程中以及此后为完成承包商义务必需的期间内，提供一切对计划、安排、指示、管理、检查和检验工程必要的监督。

Throughout the execution of the Works, and as long thereafter as is necessary to fulfill the Contractor’s Obligations, the Contractor shall provide all necessary superintendence to plan.arrange, direct, manage, inspect and test the work.此类监督应由足够的人员执行，他们应能流利地使用日常交流语言（国际咨询工程师联合会

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FIDIC 合同条件

承包商应向工程师提交记录详细说明现场各等级的承包商的人员及各类承包商的设备的数量。该记录工程师批准的格式在每个日历月提交，直至承包商完成了在工程接收证书中注明的竣工日期时尚未完成的所有工程。

The Contractor shall submit, to the Engineer, details showing the number of each class of Contractor's Personnel and of each type of Contractor's Equipment on the Site.Details shall be submitted each calendar month, in a form approved by the Engineer, until the Contractor has completed all work which is known to be outstanding at the completion date stated in the Taking-Over Certificate for the Works.6.11 妨碍治安的行为 6.11 Disorderly Conduct 承包商应始终采取各种合理的预防措施，以防止其人员发生任何非法的、制造事端以及妨碍治安的行为，并保持其人员安定，以及保证现场及邻近地区人员和财产的安全。The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to prevent any unlawful, riotous or disorderly conduct by or amongst the Contractor's Personnel, and to preserve peace and protection of persons and property on and near the Site.7.永久设备、材料和工艺

7.Plant Materials and Workmanship 7.1 实施方式

7.1 Manner of Execution 承包商应进行永久设备的制造、材料的制造和生产，并实施所有其他工程：

The Contractor shall cant' out the manufacture of Plant, the production and manufacture of Materials, and all other execution of the Works:(a)以合同中规定的方法（如有时），(a)in the manner(if any)specified in the Contract,(b)按照公认的良好惯例，以恰当、熟练和谨慎的方式，(b)in a proper workmanlike and careful manner, in accordance with recognised good practice, and(c)使用适当装备的设施以及安全材料，除非合同中另有规定。

(c)with properly equipped facilities and non-hazardous Materials, except as otherwise specified in the Contract.7.2 样本 7.2 Samples 承包商应向工程师提交以下材料的样本以及有关资料，以在工程中或为工程使用该材料之前获得同意：

The Contractor shall submit the following samples of Materials, and relevant information, to the Engineer for consent prior to using the Materials in or for the works:(a)制造商的材料标准样本和合同中规定的样本均由承包商自费提供，以及

(a)manufacturer's standard samples of Materials and samples specified in the Contract, all at the Contractor's cost, and(b)工程师指示作为变更增加的样本。

(b)additional samples instructed by the Engineer as a Variation.国际咨询工程师联合会

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每件样本都应标明其原产地以及在工程中的预期使用部位。Each sample shall be labeled as to origin and intended use in the Works.7.3 检查

7.3 Inspection 雇主的人员在一切合理的时间内：

The Employer’s Personnel shall at all reasonnable times

(a)应完全能进入现场及进入获得自然材料的所有场所，以及

(a)have full access to all parts of the Site and to all places from which natural Materials are being obtained, and(b)有权在生产、制造和施工期间（在现场或其他地方）对材料和工艺进行审核、检查、测量与检验，并对永久设备的制造进度和材料的生产及制造进度进行审查。

(b)during production.manufacture and construction(at the Site and elsewhere), be entitled to examine, inspect, measure and test the materials and workmanship, and to check the progress of manufacture of Plant and production and manufacture of Materials.承包商应向雇主的人员提供一切机会执行该任务，包括提供通道、设施、许可及安全装备。但此类活动并不解除承包商的任何义务和责任。

The Contractor shall give the Employer's Personnel full opportunity to carry out these activities,.including providing access, facilities, permissions and safety equipment.No such activity shall relieve the Contractor from any obligation or responsibility.在覆盖、掩蔽或包装以备储运或运输之前，无论何时，当此类工作已准备就绪，承包商应及时通知工程师。工程师应随即进行审核、检查、测量或检验，不得无故拖延，或立即通知承包商无需进行上述工作。如果承包商未发出此类通知而工程师要求时，他应打开这部分工程并随后自费恢复原状，使之完好。

The Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer whenever any work is ready and before it is covered up, put out of sight, or packaged for storage or transport.The Engineer shall then either carry out the examination, inspection, measurement or testing without unreasonable delay, or promptly give notice to the Contractor that the Engineer does not require to do so.If the Contractor fails to give the notice, he shall, if and when required by the Engineer, uncover the work and thereafter reinstate and make good, all at the Contractor's cost.7.4 检验 7.4 Testing 本款适用于所有合同中规定的检验，竣工后的检验（如有时）除外。

This Sub-Clause shall apply to all tests specified in the Contract, other than the Tests after Completion(if any).承包商应提供所有为有效进行检验所需的装置、协助、文件和其他资料、电、燃料、消耗品、仪器、劳工、材料与适当的有经验的合格职员。承包商应与工程师商定对任何永久设备、材料和工程其他部分进行规定检验的时间和地点。

The Contractor shall provide all apparatus, assistance, documents and other information, electricity, equipment, fuel, consumables, instruments, labour, materials, and suitably qualified and experienced staff, as are necessary to carry out the specified tests efficiently.The Contractor shall agree, with the Engineer, the time and place for the specified testing of any Plant, Materials and other parts of the Works.工程师可以按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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FIDIC 合同条件

包商进行附加检验。如果此变更或附加检验证明被检验的永久设备、材料或工艺不符合合同规定，则此变更费用由承包商承担，不论合同中是否有其他规定。

The Engineer may, under Clause 13 [Variations and Adjustments], vary the location or details of specified tests, or instruct the Contractor to carry out additional tests.If these varied or additional tests show that the tested Plant, Materials or workmanship is not in accordance with the Contract, the cost of carrying out this Variation shall be borne by the Contractor, notwithstanding other provisions of the Contract.工程师应提前至少24小时将其参加检验的意图通知承包商。如果工程师未在商定的时间和地点参加检验，除非工程师另有指示，承包商可着手进行检验，并且此检验应被视为是在工程师在场的情况下进行的。

The Engineer shall give the Contractor not less than 24 hours' notice of the Engineer's intention to attend the tests.If the Engineer does not attend at the time and place agreed, the Contractor may proceed with the tests, unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, and the tests shall then be deemed to have been made in the Engineer's presence.如果由于遵守工程师的指示或因雇主的延误而使承包商遭受了延误和(/或)导致了费用，则承包商应通知工程师并有权依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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FIDIC 合同条件

Engineer may reject the Plant, Materials or workmanship by giving notice to the Contractor, with reasons.The Contractor shall then promptly make good the defect and ensure that the rejected item complies with the Contract.若工程师要求对此永久设备、材料或工艺再度进行检验，则检验应按相同条款和条件重新进行。如果此类拒收和再度检验致使雇主产生了附加费用，则承包商应按照 国际咨询工程师联合会

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FIDIC 合同条件

(a)when it is delivered to the Site;(b)当依据 国际咨询工程师联合会

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FIDIC 合同条件

(b)completing all work which is stated in the Contract as being required for the Works or Section to be considered to be completed for the purposes of taking over under Sub-Clause 10.1 [Taking Over of the Works and Sections].8.3 进度计划 8.3 Programme 在按照