第一篇:有关名词的一些常见问题及考点范文
名词的一些常见问题及考点、难点分析
一、可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词可分为可数名词与不可数名词,即countable noun与uncountable noun。区分可数名词与不可数名词对冠词的选用,数量词(a few,much,many)等的选用都有重要的作用。但是,同学们切忌用“数数儿”的方式来判断一个名词是否是可数名词。一个名词是否可数主要靠平时的记忆或通过查字典来决定。而且,有些名词既可以是可数名词,也能作不可数名词用。
1.常见的不可数名词及其复数形式
这些名词同学们应该熟记,它们有:water(水),milk(牛奶),air(空气),cotton(棉花),rice(米),dust(灰尘),flour(面粉),bread(面包),furniture(家具),meat(肉),plastic(塑料),chalk(粉笔)等。
当想表示这些名词的复数形式时,不能像对可数名词那样,直接在该单词上变,而是应该再另外加量词,通常有piece,bit,等,请看下例:
这种不可数名词的单复数常被作为考点,请看例题:
Tom has eaten ______,but he wants to eat more.
A.three bread B.three breads C.three loaf of breads D.three loaves of bread
面包为不可数名词,若要表示复数应该在前面加上量词loaf(只),若不只一只,在量词上变成复数形式。所以本题应选(D)
2.既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词根据用法可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。
主要有下面几种情况:
(1)有些名词既可被看成“个体”,又可被看作“物质”,如a chicken(可数:小鸡)chicken(不可数:鸡肉)请看下句,试理解一下。
I have a boiled egg every morning.
There is egg on your face.
很明显,在前一句,egg是可数名词,表示“我每天早上吃一个煮鸡蛋”。可后一句,egg看上去属于不可数名词,其实,它已不表示“个体”了,而是“物质”了。其句义是:“你脸上有蛋渣”。
(2)有些名词当可数名词使用时,指的是用这种材料做成的或者我们认为是由这种原料做成的一种东西。当把它们当不可数名词使用时,仅仅指材料。如:glass(玻璃),a glass(玻璃杯),ice(冰),an ice(冰琪淋),paper(纸),papers(报纸)等。请看下列:
Would you please give me______ paper.I want to write
down the interesting story on ______paper.
A.a / this B.a piece of/ this piece of C.a piece of/ this D.a / this piece of
本题应选C。头一个paper意为“纸”,是不可数名词,故用a piece of 来修饰,第二个paper是“报纸”的意思,是可数名词,直接用this修饰即可。
(3)不可数名词在表示特殊情况时可以转化成可数名词,这时,通 常在名词前加上形容词(如a nice wine一种好葡萄酒),或者加上某种说明(如a wine of high quality一种优质葡萄酒)。
有很多关于饮料的词,当把它们看作一种物质时,是不可数名词,然而,也可以用a/an来表示象a glass of(一怀)等的意思,或用beer,coffee的复数形式,如在餐厅点菜时,就常会说:
A(or One)beer,please.请来一杯啤酒。
Two teas and four coffees,please.请来两杯茶和四杯咖啡。
(4)名词:education,light,noise等,作为可数名词时,指的是特殊的东西,如:
I have had a good education.我受过一种很好的教育。I need a light by my bed.我的床边需要一盏灯。
上述名词作为不可数名词时,指的是一般的东西。如:
Education is very important for development.教育对发展来说很重要。
Light travels falter than sound.光比声的速度快
注:有些不可数名词用作可数名词时,前面通常有形容词来修饰。如:
Having studied in American for many years,he had ______ of English.A.good knowledge B.good knowledges C.a good knowledge D.a knowledge
根据以上分析,答案应为(C)。意思是:他在美国生活多年,因此通晓英语。
二、名词的复数形式及相关问题
名词变复数形式有一定的规则,同学们在书上都曾学过,这里仅讲述一些例外的而且常被作为考点的情况。1.以“O”结尾的名词变复数可稍微记一下。以下常用的几个词加 “es”表复数;echo(回声),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)。其他以“O”结尾的几个名词均直接加“s”表示复数。
如:bamboo(竹子)→bamboos,kangaroo(袋鼠)→kangaroos,radio(收音机)→radios,zoo(动物园)→zoos.
2.单复同形的名词:
有些名词单、复数形式不变。这类名词包括:
(1)某些动物、鸟类、鱼类。如 deer(鹿),sheep(羊).例:The deer is very lovely.这只鹿很可爱。
These deer are borne in China.这只鹿是中国产的。
(2)某些表示国籍的名词,如 a Chinese(一个中国人),a Swiss(一个瑞士人),a Vietnamese(一个越南人)。
He is a Swiss.他是一个瑞士人。
They are Chinese.他们是中国人。
注:某些鱼类等的名称,可以有规则的复数形式,fish(鱼)是fish(单数)的一般复数形式,但是也可以用fishes,特别是指鱼的种类时。
My goldfish has died.我的金鱼死了(指一条)
My goldfish have died.我的金鱼都死了(指一条以上)
You'll see many kinds of fish(fishes)in the fish market.你可以在鱼市上看到很多种鱼。3.单数和复数意义不同的名词,典型的例子如:
air(空气)airs—airs(神气)
ash(灰烬)—ashes(骨灰)
content(内容)—contents(目录)
custom(习惯)—customs(海关)
damage(损坏)—damages(赔偿金)drawer(抽屉)—drawers(衬裤)
fund(资金)—funds(玑款)look(脸色)—looks(容貌)
manner(态度)—manners(礼貌)minute(分钟)—minutes(会议记录)
work(工作)—works(工丁/著作)
4.复合名词及其复数
(1)复数形式主要在复合名词的后一成分上,如:
boyfriends(男朋友),flower shops(花店),matchboxes(火柴盒),以及frying pans(平底锅),onlookers(旁观者),grown-ups(成年人),lay-offs(解雇)等。
(2)某些复合词中,复数形式在第一个成分上,如:(3)当第一个成分是man或woman时,两个成分都要变:
其他man和woman的复合词构成复数时,只有第二个词有变化:man-eaters(食人兽),manholes(出入孔)。
5.专有名词的复数
当讲到人家时,姓氏用复数:
+-s:The Smiths are coming to dinner 史密斯一家将要来赴宴。
+-es:They're forever trying to keep up with the Joneses.
他们总是要和别人攀比。
请看下例:
There are three ______ waiting for you.
Who is the one you're waiting for.
A.Wang B.Wangs C.the Wang D.the Wangs.
选(B).本句意思是:有三个姓王的等你,哪个是你在等的人?采用姓氏的复数形式Wangs即可。
6.数字的复数——hundred(s),dozen(s)等。
当dozen和数字出现在复数名词前时,不用加-s,如
three dozen eggs(三打鸡蛋)
four hundred men(四百人)
ten thousand pounds(一万英磅)
而当这些词(指dozen,hundred)在of之前,而且没有具体数字时,加-s。如:
Hundreds of students took part in the match. 数以百计的学生参加了比赛。
三、名词与主谓一致
1.有些名词既可与单数动词也可与复数动词连用,如audience(观众),class(班级),committee(委员会),crew(机组人员),crowd(人群),government(政府)等,当把它们当成一种非人格的东西看待时,即当作一个整体时,则是单数,但当强调其中的个体,一般用复数。如:
Our team is the best one.
我们队是最好的一个。(把球队当成一个整体,谓语动词用单数)
The whole class are out of the classroom.
全班同学都出了教室。(上教室外面的是学生这些个体,不强调整体概念。)
2.有些名词看上去是复数形式,但实际上不是,后面的动词只用单数,如news,biuiards,mathematics,physics,gymnastics,measles等。请看例句:
Mathematics is his favourate subject. 数学是他最喜欢的一门课。
German measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
风疹对怀孕的妇女来说是一种危险的疾病。
3.名词与a pair of连用,后面只能用单数形式的动词
A pair of glasses costs a lot today. 今天一幅眼镜花费不少钱。
4.有些名词用and连接在一起,如:bacon and eggs(咸肉和鸡蛋),bread and butter(面包和黄油),cheese and wine(奶酪和葡萄酒),fish and chips(鱼和油炸土豆片),lemon and oil(柠檬和油),当它们被看成一个单位时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.
鱼和炸土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。
但如把它们看成是“分开的东西”,动词用复数。
Fish and chips make a good meal.
鱼和炸土豆片就是一顿美餐。
四、名词与所有格 名词的所有格一般有两种:'s形式与of结构。这里归纳一些比较重要的点:
1.在以-s结尾的单数名词后加's,如: an actress's career(一个女演员的生涯)
2.在规则的复数名词的S后边加省字号',如:
boys' school(男校)
3.复合名词中's放最后一个词后,如
My sister-in-law's father is a teacher.
注:也可能同时有两个所有格:
My brother's neighbour's sister is a teacher.
4.Tom's and Mary's fathers:汤姆与玛丽各自的父亲
Tom and Mary's father:汤姆与玛丽的父亲(共同的父亲)
5.区分 a friend of my father与a friend of my father's.前者表示称得上是我父亲的朋友。后一句表示父亲朋友中的其中一个。
三种不可数名词复数现象分析
英语中名词分为可数和不可数。不可数名词一般有:专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词,但有时它们也以复数形式出现,此时往往有了新的含义。下面我对这一现象进简单的分析、整理。一 专有名词的复数现象 1.表示某某夫妇或某某一家。
例如:The Blacks will call on us this afternoon.布莱克夫妇今天下午要来看我们。2.表示若干同名或同姓的人。
例如:There are two Toms in our class.我们班有两个叫汤姆的人。
注:专有名词变复数形式的规则与普通名词相同,但是以y结尾的专有名词一般只需直接加-s.如;Three Marys 三个叫玛丽的人。
3.一些具有复数形式的专有名词。如:the West Indies 西印度群岛,the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉,the Midlands 英格兰中部。
二 物质名词的复数现象。
1. 有些物质名词用作复数形式,表示与原来不同的事物。如:paper(纸)――papers(证件,论文),custom(风俗习惯)――customs(海关),arm(胳膊)――arms(武器,装备),air(空气)――airs(神气)等等。例如: You will have to show your papers at the gate.在门口你得出示证件。
2.有些物质名词用作复数形式,表示不同的种类。如:food,wine,metal,wheat,rice 等。例句:The wines of France are among the best in the world.法国的葡萄酒是世界上最好的。Copper and silver are both metals.铜和银都是金属。
3.有一些物质名词用作复数形式,表示有大量该物质组成的事物。如:sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩,沙漠);water(水)――waters(水域,水体);time(时间)—times(时代);wood(树木)---woods(森林).等等。例句: Don’t fish in troubled waters.你不要混水摸鱼,趁人之危。4.某些表示饮料的物质名词往往以复数形式代替单数词。这类词有coffees, teas 等等。例句: He ordered two coffees and a sandwich.他要了两份咖啡和一份三明治。三.抽象名词的复数现象
1.某些抽象名词的复数形式表示与原来意思相关的个体复数。如:beauty(美丽,美貌)―― beauties(美人);youth(青春,青年时期)――youths(青年们);necessity(必要性)―― necessities(必需品).等。例句:
Five hundred youths from all over the country will attend this morning.来自全国的五百多名青年将参加本次会议。
2.某些抽象名词用作复数形式将该抽象名词的含义具体化。如:difficulty(困难)――difficulties(难题);worry(烦恼)――worries(令人烦恼的事);joy(欢乐)――joys(使人高兴的事);failure(失败)――failures(失败的事,失败的人)等等。例句:
They are failures as artists, but successes as teachers.作为艺术家他们是失败者,但作为教师是成功者。
3.有些抽象名词的复数形式用来表示数量之多,以示强调。如:congratulations,regards,respects,thanks,wishes,apologies,smiles,pities,fears,hopes,kindnesses 等。例句:
I offered my congratulations on her success.我对她的成功表示了祝贺。He was in all smiles.他满脸笑容。
名词练习
1.I listened to Dr.Johnson’s lecture about the American history and culture, but I failed to get its key ___________.A.words B.points C.notes D.messages 2.What ______ it is to travel around the world by sea!A.a fun
B.pleasure C.fun and a pleasure D.a fun and a pleasure 3._______ came that the students would put off the outing until the next week, when they wouldn't be busy.A.Word
B.Words
C.The word
D.A word 4.Her name was on the _____ of my tongue, but I couldn't tell it.A.point
B.edge
C.top
D.tip
5.Recently the newspapers have reported several _____of the coal mines happening in different provinces in China and the government has taken effective measures to stop such things.A.accidents B.events C.happenings D.incidents 6.Mr.Barret doesn’t think that all bad language should be allowed.In his opinion, there are ______ that should be kept up.A.degrees
B.levels
C.limits
D.standards 7.She is in a poor ______ of health, which worries her mother much.A.position B.situation C.state D.condition 8.It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.A.behavior
B.action
C.manner
D.movement 9.Most museums are just for looking.But today some of them have things for you to touch.The ____ say, “___________!”
A.signs;Do touch B.notices;To touch C.signals;Be touching D.signs;No touching 10.“I don't think it's my ______ that the tube blew up.I just filled.some water in.That’s all”.Said the boy.A.work B.mistake C.fault D.duty 11.Beck is an honest businessman.Our company and his have had a lot of ____ in the past five years.A.deals
B.agreements
C.rewards
D.sales
12.I bought a new type of cell-phone, which was the ________ of all my classmates.A.admire
B.wish
C.respect
D.envy 13.Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it on his first _______.A.purpose B.desire C.attempt D.intention 14.--How much are these shirts?--80 yuan for genuine silk.--That' s a real __________.A.sale B.bargain C.business D.deal 15.Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.A.interest B.view C.scene D.attraction 16.How did you like the ______ of the interpreter(口译员)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV? , A.performance B.achievement C.material D.words 17.--I' 11 come and see you next Sunday.--Is that a _____? Don’t disappoint me, I hope.A.promise B.decision C.request D.possibility, 18.Before the final examination, many students have shown _______ of tension.Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).A.anxiety
B.marks
C.signs
D.remarks 19.--How is Tom getting along with his new job?--Perhaps he is very busy._________ has come from him all the week.A.A word B.No a word C.No word D.No words 20.She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it is a ______.A.business B.reward C.pleasure D.favor 21.As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further ____.A.news B.information C.notice D.message 22.In a time of social reform(改革), people’s state of mind tends to keep _____ with the rapid changes of society.A.step
B.pace
C.progress
D.touch 23.We’ll all have to bear it in _____ that self-confidence is the key point for a person’s success.A.head B.mind C.heart D.brain 24.You should take the medicine after you read the _____.A.introduction B.words C.instructions D.suggestions 25.John tried hard to find a job in the sales department, but he had no _____.A.chance
B.time
C.money
D.luck 26.--I have just had my watch repaired.--How much did they ____ for that? A.cost B.charge C.spend D.take 27.In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn't make any _________.A.meaning B.idea C.sense D.point 28.If you want to see a doctor, you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common ____________ in the USA.A.sense
B.practice
C.rule
D.reality 29.What the expert has said and done will be ______ to the department managers.A.value
B.benefit
C.of valuable
D.Of benefit 30.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _________ through the windows.A.vision
B.look
C.picture
D.view 31.--Your ______, please!--Why don’t you ring and ask Mr.King inside the hall? It was he who asked me to come to the party.A.food
B.money
C.invitation
D.suggestion
32.It was difficult to guess what her ______ to the news would be.A.impression B.reaction C.comment D.opinion 33.No matter what you do, you should put your _________ into it.A.mind
B.heart
C.brain
D.thought 34.The lawyer advised me to drop the _______,since he has little chance to win.A.affair B.case C.event D.matter
第二篇:名词 冠词考点讲解
2012高考总复习(15):名词、冠词考点透析与精炼考试要求:
对名词、冠词的考查,在每年高考都有涉及,是高考大纲语法部分的重要内容。不但在单项选择部分对这两类词有直接考查,在其他各大题型尤其是书面表达题型也涉及名词、代词的运用。近年高考加大了对名词词义辨析的考查,但是考生丢分往往很多。本篇资源主要对名词冠词的考点和易错点进行归纳,并给同学们提供一些精选的练习。知识总结: 名词考点主要集中在下列方面:
一、名词的辨析,包括同义词、近义词、形似义异的名词辨析。
这类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析,词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析,这些名词可能有相同的前缀或后缀,甚至有相同或相近的词干。这就要求在平时的学习中,必须要重视词义及词义辨析,收集大量的语言实例,反复记忆,用心领悟,掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别。另外做题时还要充分注意语境的具体要求。
同义词:选项中的几个名词意思大致相同,但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。
近义词: 选项中几个词意义不同,但比较接近。
形似义异名词:选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处,这类词在意义上往往差别较大。
二、名词的搭配:名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配、名词的惯用法。
这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配,以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法,由于没有任何规律可言。同学们在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳。
三、语境
词的语境指的是词语在特定语境中的含义、感情色彩和表达作用。要理解词语的语境意义,读懂句子是关键,当然要进行联系、比较和体会。这类题是名词考查的一个趋势,现在越来越多的考题属于这种情况。
四、名词的转义:把抽象意义转化为具体意义,因而赋予其可数功能;把具体意义的名词抽象化。
转义名词主要分为两类:把抽象意义的名词转化为具体意义,因而赋予其可数功能;把具体意义的名词抽象化,从而赋予其不可数性。
抽象转具体:pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“„„的人/ 物”。如:The meeting is a success.抽象转具体:worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等,指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时,有其单、复数形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象转具体:a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如:He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具体转抽象:school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等,用心 爱心 专心
1都是可数名词,可以有具体的意义,如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名词为抽象名词。
具体转抽象:day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时,表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如:Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠词考点主要集中在下列方面:
近年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法,尤其在冠词表示泛指、特指方面考查较多;对冠词的习惯用法的考查也是高考的热点之一;冠词的灵活运用是高考的难点之一。同学们在备考的过程中一定要重点掌握和理解冠词的基本用法,例如泛指、特指、类指、专指等用法。当然要特别注意在具体的语境中体会冠词的用法。
一、序数词前冠词的使用
强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示“又,还,再”时用不定冠词。
二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用
像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。
三、专有名词前的冠词使用
一般不用冠词,如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词:
1.“the+姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”;
2.“a(n)+人名”表示“„„式的人物”或“有一个名叫„„的人”,如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一
个雷锋式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。)。
3.由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the,如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是
在“专有名词(人名或地名)+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing University,Yale University。
4.表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the,如the Gorge of China(中国的高尔基),the China of the
1960s(20世纪60年代的中国),the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。
四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用
一般不用冠词,如We all need water.(我们都需要水。)但是下列情况要用冠词:
1.特指时要加the;
2.有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词,如a surprise一件预料之外的事,a pity / shame(一
件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人),a pleasure(一件快乐的事),a time(一段时间)。
3.不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要来杯茶。
五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用
breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词,但若受形容词修饰时用a / an;特指时要用the。如a good lunch(丰盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?
六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用
play后接西洋乐器名词时,要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词;play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词,如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。
七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用
一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天),a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。
八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用
含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等;但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the,如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。
九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使用
特指某人或某物时用the;但若指一类事物时用a / an。如:
I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。
十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用
指同一人、物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家),a horse and cart(一辆马车),a knife and fork(一付刀叉);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。易错点点拨:
1.名词变复数的特殊形式
child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups
误:There are many woman teachers in my school.正:There are many women teachers in my school.2.常考不可数名词
advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress
误:What a fine weather it is!
正:What fine weather it is!
3.可数不可数均可,但意思不同
experience 经历(可数);经验(不可数)
room 房间(可数);空间(不可数)
exercise 练习(可数);锻炼、运动(不可数)
误:Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正:Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修饰可数名词的有:
few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of„
误:There is a large number of water in the hole.正:There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修饰不可数名词的有:
little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of„
误:There are a great deal of people living there.正:There are a good many people living there.6.只有复数形式的名词有:
trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings„误:A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正:A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.复数形式,单数意思的有:
plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics„
误:The news are exciting.正:The news is exciting.9.复合名词的复数形式。
girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups
误:There're many boys students in my class.正:There're many boy students in my class.10.名词做主语,谓语动词用复数
police, cattle, clothes, goods
误:Cattle sells well at that market.正:Cattle sell well at that market.11.几个应该特殊注意的名词。
people(民族,人); village(村庄,村民);man(男人,人类);youth(年轻人,青年男子,青春)
第三篇:2013中考英语名词考点归纳
名词
1.The student didn’t find much__________ about the topic on that website.
A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story
2.—What is your favorite food?
—I like ______ best.I had a large bowl last night.A.potato noodleB.potatoes noodlesC.potato noodlesD.potatoes noodles
3.Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?
A.advice;manB.advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;men
4.-Would you like some drinks, boys?-Yes, ____ , please.A.some orangesB.two boxes of chocolateC.some cakesD.two boxes of cola
5.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit
6.—Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office.Can you help to find the girls?
—No problem.They will be here______.A.mothers are;in a momentB.mother is;at the moment
C.mothers are;right awayD.mother is;in a moment
7.—Mum, 1 am hungry.May 1 have some______?—Of course.But don't eat too much.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger
8.—Oh, dear!There isn't enough___________for us in the lift.—No hurry.Let's wait for the next.A.floorB.roomsC.roomD.ground
9.We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news
10.-Can I help you?-I'd like ____________ for my twin daughters.A.two pair of shoes B.two pairs of shoeC.two pair of shoeD.two pairs of shoes
11.Lisa was so careless that she made many spelling ________ in her homework.A.plansB.decisionsC.gradesD.mistakes
12.Those _____ stole a few ______ yesterday.A.thiefs, fishesB.thieves, fishC.thiefs, fishesD.thief, fish
13.How many ____ are there in these _____?
A.tomatoes, photoB.tomatoes, photosC.potato, photosD.potatoes, photo
14.What _______ it is today!
A.a nice weatherB.nice weatherC.nice a weatherD.good a climate
15.Jack won the boys’ ______ race in our school sports meeting yesterday.A.1500-metreB.1500-metresC.1500-metre’sD.1500 meters
16.You must finish the work in___.A.two weeks timeB.two weeks’ timeC.two week’s timeD.two-weeks time
17.I like that son of ______.A.Jim’s sisterB.Jim sister’sC.Jim’s sister’sD.sister’s Jim
18.Nancy was very happy because she _____in the English test.A.made a little mistakesB.made a few mistakesC.made few mistakesD.made little mistakes 19.Mr.Li regards Ningxia as his second_____ because he has been here for over twenty years.A.familyB.houseC.roomD.home-Lily has a nice __________.Listen, she is singing in the next room!--How nice!.A.lookB.noiseC.voiceD.sound
第四篇:名词
名词
名词(Noun,简称n.),是词类的一种,属于实词,名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称,名词同时也分为专有名词和普通名词。
名词格的种类:英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体,如girl(女孩)等;集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如audience(观众,听众)等;物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如water水等;抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work(工作),happiness幸福等。名词根据其可数性,可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
中文名 名词 外文名 noun 简 写 n.按意义分类 1.专有名词
表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲)、Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic Of China(中华人民共和国)。
专有名词如果含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。
姓氏名如果采用复数的形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。2.普通名词
表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher老师、tea茶、reform改革。
普通名词又可进一步分为五类:(1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、fan(风扇)、photo(照片)(2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 people(人们)、family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
(3)复合名词(Compound Nouns):两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词。如passerby(过路人)、brother-in-law(内兄)(4)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如 fire(火)、steel(钢)、air(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
(5)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor(劳动)、health(健康)、life(生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐力)
按是否可数分类
名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1.不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。如 milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。2.可数名词
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。如cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。
第五篇:名词
一、名词:
教学目标:名词的概念
名词的分类
教学重难点:可数名词复数的构成和不可数名词 教学类型:复习课 教学手段:投影仪 教学过程
1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
2、名词的分类:专有名词:China, Mike, English, the Great Wall…
普通名词:可数名词(有单、复数之分, 在可数名词单数之
前要用a/an)table, life, tomato…
不可数名词(无复数形式)food, duty, news, knowledge…
3、可数名词复数的构成:
⑴一般情况是在名词后加-s ⑵以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es ⑶以辅音字母+ y结尾的,要变y为i再加-es,如:city--family –
以元音字母(Aa ,Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu)+ y结尾的,加-s, 如:boy--⑷以f /fe 结尾的变f/fe为v再加-es,如:half--self--shelf--leaf--knife--wife--life--⑸以o结尾的,只有tomato和potato是加-es,其余的都加-s,如:photo--radio--kilo--zero--zoo--⑹特殊情况:man--woman--policeman--Englishman--Frenchman--但:German--child--foot--tooth--⑺单、复同形:Chinese--Japanese--sheep--⑻形式上是单数,实际上表复数概念:people,police 如:The people / police are working hard.⑼有两种形式的:fish作“鱼”时,可数,其复数是 fish或fishes
作“鱼肉”时,不可数。
⑽复合名词的复数形式:man player--men players,woman doctor--women
doctors,apple tree--apple trees
4、不可数名词:无复数形式,不能与a /an或数词连用,必须用a cup of… , a piece of …, a pair of… , some , much , so much , too much , little , a little , a lot of , lots of…等表数量。如:much work, a little money, two bags of rice…
注:一条裤子 a pair of trousers is … The trousers are …
一双袜子/鞋子 a pair of socks / shoes is … My new shoes are …
一副眼镜 a pair of glasses is … 数杯橘子汁 glasses of oranges 数张纸 pieces of paper 如果这些短语中需要用形容词,形容词应该放在冠词后。a full bottle of milk ten big pieces of paper 如果…of 短语后的名词为可数名词时,必须用复数。
a bag of books a basket of apples a box of pens
5、名词的所有格:
⑴单数名词的所有格:①加 ’s the student’s book
②以s结尾的单词, 加 ’ James’ book ⑵复数名词的所有格:①以s结尾的, 加 ’ the students’ books a few years’ time twenty minutes’ walk
②不以结尾的,加 ’s children’s dolls men’s shoes ⑶以and连接的:①共同拥有,共同一个 ’s Lily and Lucy’s father is
②分别拥有,每个名词后加 ’s Li Lei’s and Jim’s fathers ⑷无生命名词的所有格:①表时间、距离、重量、世界、国家、城镇等的加’s 或 s’
an hour’s walk , ten minutes’ talk , China’s capital ,(in)today’s
newspaper
world’s population
②用of短语。(语序与汉语不一致)
a picture of my family , the classroom of our school ,teachers of Class 1 ⑸双重所有格:a friend of my brother’s a new photo of mine
an old friend of Kate’s some flowers of hers the name of her cat ⑹表“在……办公室”“在……店/家”的名词所有格后面的名词常省去: at the doctor’s in Uncle Wang’s in the teachers