中考英语名词考点集汇、讲解和训练

第一篇：中考英语名词考点集汇、讲解和训练

中考英语书面表达的考点集汇、讲解和训练

【考点扫描】

书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：

1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；

2、看图作文；

3、根据汉语提示作文。

无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【名师解难】 一.训练方法

1.记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。

2.练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。

3.写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。二.应试策略

1.审题目：要切中题意。《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

2.圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。

3.列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。

4.定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5.写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：

(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。

2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。

4）注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。

5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。

(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：

1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。

(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：

1）表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or… 2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however… 3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that… 4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result… 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that… 6）表示列举的：for example , such as… 7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking…

(6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。

(6)改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手： 1）格式是否有错。2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。5）标点错误。6）人称是否用错。三.注意事项

书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。

【中考范例】

VII.书面表达（共1题，计10分）

假如你叫张强。请根据下面美国朋友Bob的来信内容，结合你自己的情况写一篇语言连惯、符合逻辑的英文回信。

要求：1.认真阅读来信的内容，从中获得你需要的信息。 2.词数：80左右。回信的开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。注意：回信中不得出现你的真实地址和所在学校的名称。 Dear friend,

Hello！I’m your new friend.My name is Bob.I’m fifteen.I’m American.I live in New York.

I am a middle school student.I’m good at maths.It is very interesting.My favourite sport is basketball.And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player.I like pop music.My friends and I often sing pop songs together.

After school, I am interested in getting on-line.I have known a lot about China from the Internet.Now I’m learning Chinese.I hope I will visit your country one day. Please write to me and tell me something about your life.I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Yours,

Bob Dear Bob, _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours，Zhang Qiang 【解析】根据前面提到第六个步骤，我们来写一下这篇书面表达。

1.审题目：通过审题目我们可以知道：本篇书面表达应是写一封回信，写信人是张强，收信人是Bob，信的内容应是介绍张强自己的情况。

2.圈要点：根据来信判断，写回信必须包括以下要点：

1、收到对方的来信；

2、愿意和对方交朋友；

3、自己的姓名、年龄和住址；

4、自己的身份、特长和爱好；

5、自己的希望。

3、列提纲：1.got your letter 2.glad to be your friend 3.name, zhang Qiang, fifteen, live in Shanxi 4.a middle school student, like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5.hope we’ll meet in China

4、定基调：1.时态：收到来信用一般过去时，介绍情况用一般现在时，希望用一般将来时。2.人称用第一人称。3.可按提纲的顺序来写。4.开头和结尾题目已经给出。

5、写全文： Dear Bob, I got your letter yesterday.I’m very glad to be your pen friend.My name is Zhang Qiang.I’m fifteen years old, too.I live in Shaanxi.I’m a middle school student, too.I like English and physics very much.I also like sports, but I’m good at drawing.I know a little about America.Could you tell me something more about your country in your next letter? I hope we’ll meet in China some day.I’m sure we’ll have a good time together.Please write(to)me soon.Yours, Zhang Qiang

6、改病句：认真复查一边，如有错误，加以改正。【满分演练】

（1）

华山是中国名山之一。假设外国友人到你校参观后，准备去旅游。请根据以下要点向外国友人简单介绍华山（the Hua Mountain）

1．位于陕西东部，是中国著名的旅游胜地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。2．乘汽车去大约要花1个小时；也可以乘火车去。

3．登山便可领略其云海（the sea of clouds）、奇松（wondrous pines）、怪石（unique rocks）等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。注意：

1．字数：80词左右。2．请不要逐字翻译。

（2）根据提示和要求完成下面短文

假如你（Li Lei）在去年夏令营认识的一个朋友Jim从英国给你寄来一件礼物—— 一件红色的衬衫，并附有一封信。在信中他向你问好，他想知道你近来在忙些什么。请你给他写一封回信（100个词左右）表示感谢。回信要包括以下内容： 1.向Jim问好并对他表示感谢。

2.礼物是你最喜欢的颜色，尺寸很合适，你非常喜欢。

3.告诉Jim你近来很好，上周刚过完生日，生日聚会很热闹。询问Jim的近况，并表示希望他能来中国。

注意1.信的格式已经给出。

2.信中不得使用真实的人名、地名。

（3）

根据中文意思和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。所给英文提示词语必须都用上，中文提示内容不必逐句翻译，每组英文提示所写出的句数不限。

今天是6月23日星期日，天气晴朗。你和你的同学张宏参观了西安市动物园。那里的动物十分有趣，人见人爱。当你看到有位游客在向猴子投喂食物时，就上前阻止并说…… 请你用英文写一篇日记，记述今天的经历。（请注意日记格式）1．fine day, sun, bright 2．visit, Beijing Zoo 3．animal, so interesting, people, love 4．see, visitor, throw…to, stop, say（4）

根据中文设置的情景、英文提示词语以及表格所提供的信息，写出语法正确、意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。注意1.字数60~80。

2.所给的英文提示词语及表格所提供的信息必须都用上。（可适当发挥）3.发言稿的开头和结尾已给出。

假设你是张斌，今年暑假你将参加学校组织的赴加拿大“绿色之旅”夏令营活动。请你准备一篇在开营式上的自我介绍发言稿。

name, Zhang Bin, fifteen years old, live in Xi’an, favorite subject, biology…

Dear friends I’m very glad to introduce myself to you._______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

That’s all.Thank you for listening.（5）

根据中文提示和英文提示词语写一篇短文。

今年暑假，有一批美国中学生要来你们学校访问。请你写一篇有关西安的简介，以便和他们交流。

注意：1.字数100左右；

2.必须使用所给英文提示。Capital of Shaanxi, Lie in the Northwest, many places of interest, autumn, best season（6）看图写话。

 根据以上四幅图和提示词语，写出一篇语法正确、意思连贯、语句通顺、符合逻辑的短文，开头已给出。

要求：1.叙述要用第三人称。 2.词数60~80个左右。 3.要表达自己的看法或想法。

4.选用下列词语：rush hour, cross, make sure, come over, traffic rules Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________（7）

请你参考图文提示，写一篇60~80词的短文。 注意：1.语言规范，语意完整，内容丰富。 2.表达符合图意，书写规范。 3.给出自己的观点。 4.文章的开头已给出。

参考词：pollute, turn off the tap(水龙头)，dry, save(节约 vt.), water resources(水资源)From the pictures we know that ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________（8）

请根据下面四幅图，写一篇70个单词左右的短文。文章开头已经给出，不算入总词汇数内。

参考词汇： on fire 着火firefighter n.消防员put out 灭火 

Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...”

__________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________（9）看图写话。

要求：1.根据图画所提供的语境，写出意思连贯、语言流畅、语法准确、符合逻辑的短文。 2.至少使用两种时态，70词以上。不得使用真实姓名、地名、学校名。 3.标题和第一句已给出，但不计入70词之内。 TAKING CARE OF TREES

One day Lin Tao and Mei Mei were playing in the garden.___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________（10）

根据所给图画用英语写一篇约80词的短文。

(11)

假如你所在的学校要出一期英语壁报。你准备就自己经历的一件事写一篇英语短文向壁报投稿。下面五幅图记录了你上个星期六与老师和同学到南河边参加植树活动的全过程。请你就以下五幅图写一篇英文短文。

注意：1.短文内容要包括所有图画中的主要内容 2.词数：70～90

3.生词提示： 桶bucket锄头hoe

________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________（12）

请按照下面6幅图和表格的提示，写一篇题为“Changes in Our Hometown”的英语短文。（词数：50~80，不包括已经给出的单词）



内容要点：

过去 现在 旧房 高楼 河水污浊 河水清澈 步行、骑自行车 乘公交车、小汽车 Changes in Our Hometown

Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.In the past ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 【练习答案】

(1)参考答案：

The Hua Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China.It lies in the east of Shaanxi.Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there.It’s not far from here.It takes you about one hour to get there by bus.You can also go there by train.When you are at the top of the mountain, you’ll find clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks around you.In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful.It’s really a nice place to visit.(2)参考答案：

Zhonghua street Xi;an, China June21st, 2004 Dear Jim：

How are you? Many thanks for the shirt!I’m very happy to hear from you again.I love the shirt very much, Jim, and red is my favourite colour!You remembered!It’s just my size.Every time I wear it, I will think of you.I’m fine here in China.Last week I had a birthday party.Many of my classmates came and my mother made us a lot of good food.We really had a wonderful time together.How are you doing in England, Jim? I miss you very much.I always miss the days we were together last summer.I hope you can come to China someday.Please write back soon.Your friend, Li Lei

(3)参考答案：

Sunday June 23rd

It was a fine day today and the sun was bright.I visited Xi’an Zoo with my classmate, Zhang Hong.The animals there were so interesting that all the people loved them.When I saw a visitor throwing food to the monkeys, I went/ran to stop him/her and said, “Animals are our friends and we must take good care of them.”

(4)参考答案： Dear friends，I’m very glad to introduce myself to you.My name is Zhang Bin.I’m fifteen years old.I live in Beijing.One of my favorite subjects is biology.I’m interested in drawing.In my free time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature.I want to be a biologist when I grow up.I feel lucky to join you.I hope we can be good friends and do our best to make That’s all.Thank you for listening.(5)参考答案：

Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi with a long history.There are many places of interest, such as the Dayan Pagoda, the Xiaoyan Pagoda, the Bell Tower and the Terra Cotta Warriors.Since it lies in the Northwest of China, the winter here is long and it sometimes snows.Autumn is the best season in Xi’an, for it’s neither too cold nor too hot.One of the most famous traditional foods is “Yangroupao”.(6)参考答案：

Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.It was the rush hour.He rode his bike to school very fast.He was crossing the street when a car came at that moment.Tim’s bike hit the car and he fell to the ground heavily.The driver was very kind and stopped to make sure that Tim was all right.Then a policeman came over.He told Tim to ride more slowly next time and it was dangerous.Tim thanked him and went to school.All of the young men should obey the traffic rules.(7)参考答案：

From the pictures we know that much water has been polluted.Some factories are pouring waste water into rivers and lakes.The water becomes dirty and lots of fish have died.Many people often waste water.For example, they often forget to turn off the taps.If we don’t have enough water, land will be dry and crops will die.We can’t live without water.So we should try our best and encourage everyone to protect water resources.We must save water and stop polluting it.If we do that, Things will be much better.(8)参考答案：

Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...” What had happened? He looked out of the window.Wow!He found that his neighbour’s house was on fire.Jack jumped off the bed and rushed to the telephone.He made a call to the police.Then, he ran out and helped his neighbour(to)fight against the fire.Soon the fire fighters came and in a short time the fire was put out.And the house owner and fire fighters thanked Jack and his neighbours a lot.

(9)参考答案：

TAKING CARE OF TREES

One day Lin Tao and Mei Mei were playing in the garden.They found that a young tree there was dying.They thought they must save the young tree.Then they put a rope around the tree and watered it.Some days later the tree came back to life again.Their mother saw this and praised them, “You are good children!”

(10)参考答案：

Yesterday afternoon Li Ping and I were going to school.On the way we saw an old woman crossing the street.Suddenly a car passed by very fast.The old woman was frightened and fell down to the ground.The apples in her basket were all out on the street.Immediately, we ran to the old woman, helped her get up and picked up all the apples.Li Ping helped her carry the basket and I helped her cross the street.The old woman thanked us very much.（11）参考答案： 内容要点：（1）上星期五老师告诉我们“明天去南河边植树”。（2）上星期六（第二天）早上六点半我就起床了。

（3）我带着桶去学校，同学们带着桶、锄头在校门口等待。（4）到南河边，我们开始植树。（也可描写动场面。）（5）看着新种下的树，我们都很高兴。

Last Friday, our teacher told us that we would go to plant trees by the South River the next day.On Saturday morning I got up at six thirty and went to school with a bucket.My classmates were waiting at the school gate with buckets and hoes.

When we got to the South River, we began to plant trees on the river bank.(On the river bank, some students were digging holes, the others were planting or watering the young trees.)

After we finished our work, we were happy to see the young trees we planted on the river bank.（12）参考答案：

Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.In the past, the houses in our hometown were very poor, but now many people have moved into tall buildings(there are many tall buildings here and there).The water in the rivers was very dirty, but now the rivers are clean and people can swim in them.People used to walk or ride bikes, but now they can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work.

第二篇：2013中考英语名词考点归纳

名词

1.The student didn’t find much__________ about the topic on that website．

A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story

2.—What is your favorite food?

—I like ______ best.I had a large bowl last night.A.potato noodleB.potatoes noodlesC.potato noodlesD.potatoes noodles

3.Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?

A．advice;manB．advices;menC．suggestion;manD．suggestions;men

4.-Would you like some drinks, boys?-Yes, ____ , please.A.some orangesB.two boxes of chocolateC.some cakesD.two boxes of cola

5.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit

6.—Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office.Can you help to find the girls?

—No problem.They will be here______.A.mothers are;in a momentB.mother is;at the moment

C.mothers are;right awayD.mother is;in a moment

7.—Mum, 1 am hungry.May 1 have some______?—Of course.But don't eat too much.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger

8.—Oh, dear!There isn't enough___________for us in the lift.—No hurry.Let's wait for the next.A.floorB.roomsC.roomD.ground

9.We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news

10.-Can I help you?-I'd like ____________ for my twin daughters.A.two pair of shoes B.two pairs of shoeC.two pair of shoeD.two pairs of shoes

11.Lisa was so careless that she made many spelling ________ in her homework.A.plansB.decisionsC.gradesD.mistakes

12.Those _____ stole a few ______ yesterday.A.thiefs, fishesB.thieves, fishC.thiefs, fishesD.thief, fish

13.How many ____ are there in these _____?

A.tomatoes, photoB.tomatoes, photosC.potato, photosD.potatoes, photo

14.What _______ it is today!

A.a nice weatherB.nice weatherC.nice a weatherD.good a climate

15.Jack won the boys’ ______ race in our school sports meeting yesterday.A.1500-metreB.1500-metresC.1500-metre’sD.1500 meters

16.You must finish the work in___.A.two weeks timeB.two weeks’ timeC.two week’s timeD.two-weeks time

17.I like that son of ______.A.Jim’s sisterB.Jim sister’sC.Jim’s sister’sD.sister’s Jim

18.Nancy was very happy because she _____in the English test.A.made a little mistakesB.made a few mistakesC.made few mistakesD.made little mistakes 19.Mr.Li regards Ningxia as his second_____ because he has been here for over twenty years.A.familyB.houseC.roomD.home-Lily has a nice __________.Listen, she is singing in the next room!--How nice!.A.lookB.noiseC.voiceD.sound

第三篇：名词 冠词考点讲解

2012高考总复习（15）：名词、冠词考点透析与精炼考试要求：

对名词、冠词的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大纲语法部分的重要内容。不但在单项选择部分对这两类词有直接考查，在其他各大题型尤其是书面表达题型也涉及名词、代词的运用。近年高考加大了对名词词义辨析的考查，但是考生丢分往往很多。本篇资源主要对名词冠词的考点和易错点进行归纳，并给同学们提供一些精选的练习。知识总结： 名词考点主要集中在下列方面：

一、名词的辨析，包括同义词、近义词、形似义异的名词辨析。

这类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析，词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析，这些名词可能有相同的前缀或后缀，甚至有相同或相近的词干。这就要求在平时的学习中，必须要重视词义及词义辨析，收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟，掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别。另外做题时还要充分注意语境的具体要求。

同义词：选项中的几个名词意思大致相同，但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。

近义词： 选项中几个词意义不同，但比较接近。

形似义异名词：选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处，这类词在意义上往往差别较大。

二、名词的搭配：名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配、名词的惯用法。

这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配，以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法，由于没有任何规律可言。同学们在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳。

三、语境

词的语境指的是词语在特定语境中的含义、感情色彩和表达作用。要理解词语的语境意义，读懂句子是关键，当然要进行联系、比较和体会。这类题是名词考查的一个趋势，现在越来越多的考题属于这种情况。

四、名词的转义：把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能;把具体意义的名词抽象化。

转义名词主要分为两类：把抽象意义的名词转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能；把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。

抽象转具体：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“„„的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.抽象转具体：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象转具体：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具体转抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，用心 爱心 专心

1都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名词为抽象名词。

具体转抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠词考点主要集中在下列方面：

近年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法，尤其在冠词表示泛指、特指方面考查较多；对冠词的习惯用法的考查也是高考的热点之一；冠词的灵活运用是高考的难点之一。同学们在备考的过程中一定要重点掌握和理解冠词的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、类指、专指等用法。当然要特别注意在具体的语境中体会冠词的用法。

一、序数词前冠词的使用

强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示“又，还，再”时用不定冠词。

二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用

像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词，在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词，但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时，则不用冠词，此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。

三、专有名词前的冠词使用

一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：

1．“the＋姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”；

2．“a(n)+人名”表示“„„式的人物”或“有一个名叫„„的人”，如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一

个雷锋式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。)。

3.由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是

在“专有名词(人名或地名)＋普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University,Yale University。

4.表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China(中国的高尔基)，the China of the

1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。

四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用

一般不用冠词，如We all need water.(我们都需要水。)但是下列情况要用冠词：

1.特指时要加the；

2.有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词，如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity / shame(一

件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。

3.不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要来杯茶。

五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用

breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词，但若受形容词修饰时用a / an；特指时要用the。如a good lunch(丰盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你觉得这顿午餐怎么样？

六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用

play后接西洋乐器名词时，要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词；play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。

七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用

一般不用冠词，但特指时用the；受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。

八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用

含有day的节日前一般不用冠词，如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。

九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使用

特指某人或某物时用the；但若指一类事物时用a / an。如：

I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。

十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用

指同一人、物或同一概念时，第二个名词前不用冠词，如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家)，a horse and cart(一辆马车)，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指两个人时，第二个名词前一般也要加冠词，如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。易错点点拨：

1.名词变复数的特殊形式

child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups

误：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2.常考不可数名词

advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress

误：What a fine weather it is!

正：What fine weather it is!

3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同

experience 经历（可数）；经验（不可数）

room 房间（可数）；空间（不可数）

exercise 练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数）

误：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修饰可数名词的有：

few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of„

误：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修饰不可数名词的有：

little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of„

误：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6.只有复数形式的名词有：

trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings„误：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.复数形式，单数意思的有：

plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics„

误：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting.9.复合名词的复数形式。

girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups

误：There're many boys students in my class.正：There're many boy students in my class.10.名词做主语，谓语动词用复数

police, cattle, clothes, goods

误：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market.11.几个应该特殊注意的名词。

people(民族，人)； village(村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)；youth(年轻人，青年男子，青春)

第四篇：2014英语中考考点汇总

2014英语考点汇总

词法

1名词2.冠词 3.数词4.形容词 5.副词6.代词7.介词8.连词9.动词(时态/语态/不定式/动名词/)10.情态动词11.图示/情景交际

句法

简单句

1.陈述句（肯、否）2.疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句 3.祈使句4.感叹句 5.倒装句6.形式主/宾语 7.主谓一致 8.反意疑问句及回答

复合句

1.宾语从句2.定语从句 3.状语从句(时间/条件/结果/原因)

文章

完型填空1阅读理解3任务型阅读1综合填空1 书面表达1

2014英语考点汇总

词法

1名词2.冠词 3.数词4.形容词 5.副词6.代词7.介词8.连词9.动词(时态/语态/不定式/动名词/)10.情态动词11.图示/情景交际

句法

简单句

4.陈述句（肯、否）5.疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句 6.祈使句4.感叹句 5.倒装句6.形式主/宾语 7.主谓一致 8.反意疑问句及回答

复合句

1.宾语从句2.定语从句 3.状语从句(时间/条件/结果/原因)

文章

完型填空1阅读理解3任务型阅读1综合填空1 书面表达1

第五篇：中考英语专题复习资料：定语从句讲解和训练

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1．定语从句的功用和结构 2．关系代词和关系副词的功用 3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.