2017中考英语各类从句及考点

第一篇：2017中考英语各类从句及考点

复合句的概念：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。宾语从句

一．概念：在句中起到宾语的作用。二．宾语从句在句中的位置：（1）作动词的宾语：

Everything depends on whether you agree with us.3.引导特殊疑问句，只

需用原来的特殊疑问词。

（二）.语序：尤其要注意，宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序：即主语一定在谓语例：I heard that he joined the army.前面。

She did not know what had happened.(2)作形容词的宾语

例：I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(3)作介词的宾语

例：Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.三．常见考点分析：

（一）．连接词：1.引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。

2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。

注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：

（1）．在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；

例：I don’t know whether he will come back or not.（2）．在介词之后用whether；

例：They are talking about whether he will win the game.尤其要注意whether, if以及wh-(what, why…)疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。

例：She wants to know whether I like the film.Do you know why winter is colder than summer?

（三）.时态：1.主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例：She says that she will leave a message on his desk.She says that sh has never been to Beijing.2.当主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态（如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）

例：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.He said he was going to take care of the baby.3.主句谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句叙述某一客观真理时，宾语从句用一般现在时。例：She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.（四）.否定转移：当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。

例：I don’t think you are right.I don’t believe that he has finished his work.（五）.注意if或when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当„„的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。

例：We are not sure if it will snow tomorrow.If it snows, we won’t climb the South Hill.状语从句

副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。分类：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句,目的状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，方式状语从句，让步状语从句和比较状语从句。

（一）.时间状语从句 ：

引导时间状语从句的词有：when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever, no sooner …than…, hardly…when…, the moment, every time, each time, next time, directly, immediately, by the time等 1．When引导的状语从句和While引导的状语从句的区别：When既可以引导一个持续性动作也可以引导一个短暂性动作。While只能引导持续性动作。例：When引导的从句

I was thin when I was a child.The film had been on when we arrived.While引导的从句

My Mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.2．Before引导的时间状语从句（1）before引导的从句位于主句之前，一般翻译成在…之前。

例：Before they got to the bus stop, the bus 一．概念和分类：用来修饰主句中的动词，had gone.（2）before引导的从句位于主句之后，一般翻译成…(之后)才。如果在主句中用将来时，从句要用一般时替代将来时。例：It will be half a year before I come back.He said that it would be half a year before he came back.3．Until引导的时间状语从句。

（1）延续性动词+until表示直到…为止。例：You may stay here until the rain stops He waited until his friends came.（2）终止性动词或者延续性动词的否定式+until表示直到…才

例：He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.They didn’t reach the village until it was dark.（3）not until放在句时，主句要用倒装语序

例：Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.（直到毕业他才成功获得这种化合物）4．表示一…就…的句型。

As soon as ,once, immediately, the moment，这类从句中经常用一般时态替代将来时态（从句的时态）

例：I will tell him as soon as he arrives.Once you study hard, you’ll pass the

exam.The moment he comes, I will let you know.5．As的用法 主要考点：

（1）一边。。一边。。

例：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.Tom sings as he works.（2）强调两个动作紧接着发生、例：As he was going out ,it began to rain.（二）地点状语从句 由where ,wherever引导。

Where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，从句前应该有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，而状语从句前则没有。

例：1.Go back where you came from.（状语从句）

2．Go back to the village where you came from.（定语从句）

（三）原因状语从句

引导词：because, since, as, now that(既然)，considering that(考虑到)

because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例：（1）------Why did you do it?------I did it because I wanted to do it.（2）Since I must die I must do it.（3）As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.（四）目的状语从句

引导词：so that(为了，以便)，so(以便)，in order that(以便，这样…就)，in case(以防)目的状语从句的谓语经常含有may, might, can ,could, will, would等情态动

两种情况：1.祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise引导的结果句。

例：Hurry up, or else/otherwise you’ll be late.Do that at once, or else I’ll make you do it.引导词：if ,unless(除非，如果不)，so long as(只要), if only(只要)，provided that或providing(that)(假如)

1.条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来词。

例：（1）Speak clearly so that they may 时。understand you.（目的状语从句）

即：一般将来时，if/unless/…+一般现在（2）Jack is badly ill so that he

时

has to rest（结果状语从句）

例：（1）I will go if you go.（五）结果状语从句

（2）I won’t wait for him unless he 引导词：so(结果)，so that(结果)，rings me tomorrow.so…that…（如此…以至于）,such…that

2.if +否定句相当于not…unless+肯定句

（如此…以至于）

例：You can’t enter the hall if you have no 注意so…that…与such…that…的区别

ticket.So+adj/adv+that 从句

You can’t enter the hall unless you have such+(a,an)名词+that从句

a ticket.例：（1）The box is so heavy that I can’t

3.条件句中的虚拟与倒装，if引导的条carry it.件状语从句如果与事实不符，应该用虚拟

（2）She is so beautiful a girl that all of

语气

us like her.（1）与现在事实相反，主句用将来时，（3）She is such a good girl that she can

从句用一般过去时，Be动词用复数形式

help you.例：If I were you ,I wouldn’t do that.（六）条件状语从句（2）与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语为would have done 例：If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.（3）与将来事实相反，主句是should do/would do，从句用一般过去时 例：If it rained tomorrow, we should stay at home.（七）让步状语从句

引导词：通常有though ,although, even if, even though ,whenever, whatever, however, wherever, whichever等等。1． Though和although：用法基本一

（一）．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。

（二）定语从句的特点：

1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 2.关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose，代指先行词。

关系副词：when，where，why，作时间状语。

（三）．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句

（四）．关系代词的用法： 1.that 和which

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。样，前者口语化，后者书面化，常用于句首

例：（1）Though he is young, he knows a lot.（2）Although I am tired, I must go on working.注意：它们不能和but 连用：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.2．No matter who = whoever，同理其他也是一样。

（八）比较状语从句 His father works in a factory that/which 比较状语从句通常由as„as, 比较级 +

makes Tvsets.than„等连词引导。例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.Who was hurt in the accident that/which

三．定语从句

happened yesterday?

The coat(which/that)I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.2）先行词被序数词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。It is the only word(that)I know in the passage.Where is the very book(that)I bought just now? This is the(same)bicycle(that)I lost.4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that Here is something(that)I will tell you.I want everything(that)I want.I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.5)先行词被不定代词修饰时（all，any，no, every, little, much, many），定语从句只

能用that

Here is all the money(that)I have.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see in the room..7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导

Is it the one（that）you want？

8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句

Who is the girl that won the first place?

第二篇：2014英语中考考点汇总

2014英语考点汇总

词法

1名词2.冠词 3.数词4.形容词 5.副词6.代词7.介词8.连词9.动词(时态/语态/不定式/动名词/)10.情态动词11.图示/情景交际

句法

简单句

1.陈述句（肯、否）2.疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句 3.祈使句4.感叹句 5.倒装句6.形式主/宾语 7.主谓一致 8.反意疑问句及回答

复合句

1.宾语从句2.定语从句 3.状语从句(时间/条件/结果/原因)

文章

完型填空1阅读理解3任务型阅读1综合填空1 书面表达1

2014英语考点汇总

词法

1名词2.冠词 3.数词4.形容词 5.副词6.代词7.介词8.连词9.动词(时态/语态/不定式/动名词/)10.情态动词11.图示/情景交际

句法

简单句

4.陈述句（肯、否）5.疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句 6.祈使句4.感叹句 5.倒装句6.形式主/宾语 7.主谓一致 8.反意疑问句及回答

复合句

1.宾语从句2.定语从句 3.状语从句(时间/条件/结果/原因)

文章

完型填空1阅读理解3任务型阅读1综合填空1 书面表达1

第三篇：九年级英语中考宾语从句考点透视知识点分析

本资料来源于大家网中考英语论坛

http://club.topsage.com/forum-213-1.html

九年级英语中考宾语从句考点透视

考点一]考查宾语从句的连接词

1.当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导。that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

He said________ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉市)

A.if B.what C.that D.whether

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。

—Do you know _______ I could pass the exam?

—Sorry，I’ve no idea.(2003年山西省)

A.that B.whether C.what D.which

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。

These pictures will show you__________.(2003年盐城市)

A.what does our hometown look like

B.what our hometown looks like

C.how does our hometown look like

D.how our hometown looks like

[考点二]考查宾语从句的语序

在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词+陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。

He asked his teacher________.(2003年南通市)

A.if there was a monster in Loch Ness

B.when was Albert Einstein born

C.how would the scientists find out the result

D.where could he find the library

[考点三]考查主句与从句时态的呼应

1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何一种时态。

Jim doesn’t understand________.(2003年辽宁省)

A.which is the way to the museum B.why his wife always goes shopping

C.what is the way to the museum D.why does she always go shopping

2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要选用过去时态的某一种形式。

—When are the Shutes leaving for New York?

—Pardon?

—I asked________.(2003年呼和浩特市)

A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York

B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York

C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York

D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York

3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。

The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________ Christmas Day.(2002年辽宁省)更多精品尽在大家网

http://

A.is B.was C.has been D.will be

4.情态动词could，would用于“请求”，表示“委婉、客气”的语气时，从句不用过去时的相应时态。

—Could you tell us how long_____?

—About three days.(2003年陕西省)

A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting last

C.will the sports meeting last D.the sports meeting will last

[考点四]考查if/whether引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句

if/whether引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当„„时候”，主句时态是一般将来时，从句时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

Do you know if ______ back next week?If he_______ back，please let me know.(2002年黑龙江省)

A.he comes，will come B.will he come，comes

C.he will come，comes D.will he come，will come

[考点五]考查宾语从句的简化

宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式(名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词)短语、名词和过去分词等。

The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义句)(2003年广州市)

The old lady found out__________fruit cheaply.(where to buy/get)

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第四篇：2016中考英语三大从句和感叹句练习

一、定语从句练习

1.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.2.I hate TV shows ___________ are noisy and boring.3.Those boys __________ are playing basketball over there from Class Five.4.Is there anything ___________ I can do for you? 5.The woman __________ umbrella you took is angry about it.6.The student___________ father works in the factory is sitting there.7.Do you know the girl ____________Miss Gao is talking to? 8.The book _______ he bought is very interesting

二、定语从句中的谓语动词的正确形式填空

9.He is one of the boys who ________(not)finish doing homework.10.I like films which _________(be)exciting and interesting.11.Children who often __________(eat)junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.12.That boy who ___________(run)fastest is from our class.13.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)14.The trees which __________(be)watered yesterday belong to them.15.The man who __________ over there is our teacher.(stand)

16.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)17.Mr.Brown is one of the foreign experts who _________(work)in China.三、根据语法在空白处填写一个正确的词。

18.I don't know _________he will come tomorrow or not.If he comes, I’ll tell you.19.---I saw David in the teacher’s office this morning.Do you know _______ he was there?

---He went there to hand in his homework.20.I asked Jack________ he made so much progress in English.21.The math problem is so difficult that no one knows __________ to work it out.22.I want to visit Tom.Can you tell me ________ Tom lives? 23.John asked ________ I could look after his pet dog while he was away.24.She said _________ she would leave a message to me on the desk.25.Mum says, “You have spent too much time playing computer games.That’s________ your eyes hurt.”

四、状语从句练习(用unless, if, when, while, because, although, until, since等填空)1.Julie didn’t leave for her office _________ the police arrived.2.__________ everyone follows the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents on the road.3.Father won’t allow me to play outside__________ I wash up the dishes.4.Mr.Wilson has taught in that school _________ he came to China three years ago.5._________ we keep our hearts open, we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.6.__________ they failed the soccer game again, they didn’t give up practicing.7.Alice was afraid to try the new ride.Her friend He Wei said, “ ________ you are scared, just shout or hold my hand.”

8.The restaurant is always busy at that time, __________ come a little earlier to get a table.五、感叹句练习

1._________important it is for kids to imagine freely!2.________ a foggy day!Something must be done to solve the haze(雾螨)problem.3.Can you see _________ happily the children are playing over there? 4._________ an honest man Jack is!He never tells lies to others.2016中考英语从句和感叹句练习5._________brave a boy!He helped his neighbor, Mr Frank, out of the fire last night.6.Teachers sometimes can’t understand ________ their students expect to pass the exams.7.--It is reported that Beijing will hold the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.---________exciting news it is!8._____ fine the weather is!Why not go to climb the mountains have a picnic there?

六、综合练习(根据语法在空白处填词)1.Do you know __________ beautifully she danced in the party last night!All people cheered for her.2.I will never forget the days ___________ we spent in the old town.3.I’m thinking about _______ to deal with the problem.It’s not easy to do it.4.Is that your neighbor ___________ T-shirt is red? 5.The shop ________ sells flowers is at the end of the street.6.I have already done _________ I can do to help those injured people.7.Many children showed their answers to the math problem.So let’s see ________ answer is right.8.I’d like to congratulate all the students________ are here today.I remember all of you ___________ you were just starting Grade 7 at this school.9._________ you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone.I hope you’ll remember the important people in your lives ________ helped and supported you.10.I don’t need to tell you _________ life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you.11.Many young people want to be singers or actors, but they never think about _________ difficult the road to success is.12.---We still don’t know_______ built Stonehenge.---Yes, maybe one of the ancient emperors did it.七、根据短文意思和语法，在空白处填入一个适当的词。

Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy.He works hard and does well in school.It is hard to believe_________ he used to have difficulties in school._________ his parents moved to the city to work, they could not be home to take care of him.So he became less interested in studying.Then his parents sent him to a boarding school___________ was far away from his home.But Li found life there difficult.He told his teacher __________ he wanted to leave the school.__________, his teacher advised him to talk to his parents first.Li had a conversation with his parents.He realized __________ his parents would always love him and take pride in everything__________ he did.Then he changed a lot.Now his teacher always says, “You can not imagine_________ different this boy is!”

第五篇：英语从句[定稿]

英语从句

复杂句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

从句的分类：

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性从句：通常称为定语从句。

副词性从句：通常称为状语从句。包括：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从古、让步状语从句。

一、名词性从句：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句

1.1主语从句：

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。

如果what-分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如what分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。

What I say and think are none of your business.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It + be + 形容词+ that从句

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is true that the sun is bigger than the earth。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question./ 10 1.2宾语从句：

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.1.3表语从句：

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.常见的系动词： be动词（am，is，are），感官动词（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem），“变得”（get，become，turn，grow），“保持”（keep，stay）

1.4同位语从句：

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。

二、定语从句(初级篇)：

2.1定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。被修饰/ 10 的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词包括：that、which、who、whom、whose。

关系副词在句中作状语。关系副词包括：when、where、why 2.2定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 先行词：

指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。

关系词：关系词常有3个作用：

1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。

2.指代先行词。3.在定语从句中担当成分。

2.3关系代词：

2.3.1that(在从句中做主语或宾语)This is the desk that I borrow from my sister。This is the desk

I borrow the desk from my sister.The man that stands near Lucy comes from America.The man comes from America.the man stands near Lucy.2.3.2Which（在从句中做主语或宾语）

A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside。A prosperity had never been seen before.A prosperity appears in the countryside.The package which you are carrying is very beautiful.The package is very beautiful

You are carrying the package.2.3.3Who(在从句中做主语或宾语)Is he the man who wants to see you? Is he the man?

The man wants to see you.2.3.4Whom（在从句中做宾语）

Is he the man whom you want to see ? Is he the man?

You want to see the man.2.3.5Whose(在从句中做定语,翻译为谁的)/ 10 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 2.4 关系副词：

2.4.1 When(在从句中做时间状语,翻译为那时候)There comes a time when you have to make a choice.There comes a time you have to make a choice.I want to read this book in the morning when our memory is pretty good.I want to read this book in the morning

our memory is pretty good.2.4.2where(在从句中做地点状语,翻译为在那里)Dawan high school is a good school where I spend three years on study.Qingbaijiang is the place where I was born.2.4.3Why（在从句中做原因状语通常先行词是reason、explanation，翻译成为什么）

We don’t know the reason why he dosen’t come to school。She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.定语从句（高级篇）

一、限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整

The book(that/ which)I am reading is very interesting.非限制性定语从句的作用是：不直接修饰先行词，只为先行词提供一些补充的信息，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开 I made a card for mom, who loves me most.My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。

在非限定定语从句中，有时as也可用作关系代词，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如： / 10 The boy has as much progress as we had expected.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.非限制性定语从句引导词：which、who、whom、whose、when、where、as（注意没有that）

My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.They went to London，where they lived for six months.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.二、“介词+关系代词”的结构：

1.“介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why.如：

I still remember the day on which(= when)I first came to school.The factory in which(= where)I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。

2.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如：

They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。

I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。3.“不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如：

China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.4.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如： Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.5.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。如：

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。/ 10 6.“名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如：

I saw some trees, the leaves of which(= whose leaves)were black with disease.我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。

He mentioned a book, the title of which(= whose title)I’ve forgotten.7.“介词+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。如： It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。

The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个男人，她从他的房间偷走地图。

8.“介词+ which +不定式”。此种用法多见于正文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。如：

She had only 1.87 with which to buy(= she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。

三、.“as”用法：

1.“as”引导限制性定语从句

1.1.“such....as”

He is not such a fool as he looks.1.2.“the same....as”

This is the same book as I lost last week.(区分“the same...as”与“the same....that”：两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。举例：

This is the same pen that I lost.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。This is the same pen as I lost.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。1.3.“as...as”

As many children as came were given some cakes.2.“as”引导非限制性定语从句常用句式: As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.as is said above 综上所述

as is known to all 众所周知

as is often the case 通常如此

as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的

四、关系代词that、which在很多情况下可以替换，特殊情况下不可替换。有六种情况只可用that而不用which:

（1）不定代词 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little为先行词时；

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（2）先行词为 the only, the very, the just时； / 10

He is the very that helped the girl out of the water.他从水中救起了那个女孩。（3）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词或最高级时；

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain.（4）先行词既有人又有物时；

He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（6）关系代词作表语时；

He is not the man that he used to be.他以前不是这样的人。

有两中情况只用which不用that：

（1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。例：This is the one of which I'm speaking。（2）非限定性定语从句，用which。

五、定语从句只能“that”引导的情况：

1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行词是不定代词时，如“all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something”

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行词既有人又有物时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

5、先行词被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right“、“the same”等修饰

He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用“that”

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

六、定语从句可以省略关系词的情况 ：

定语从句中关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。关系词的省略主要限于以下几个方面。如：

1.关系代词作宾语时的省略。当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如： Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man(that / who / whom)you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁? / 10 2.关系代词作表语时的省略。当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如： China is not the country(that)it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)3.关系代词作宾补时的省略。当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如： I’m not the madman(that)you thought me.我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)4.关系副词when的省略。用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略但有一种特殊情况 即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： That was the year(that)I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’ll never forget the day(that)we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

5.关系副词where的省略。用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：

This is the place(where)they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere(that)I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？

6.关系副词why的省略。关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：

That’s the reason(why, for which, that)he came.这就是他来的原因

七、区分定语从句和同位语从句：

定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明.是补充说明的关系。

The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（定语从句）

名词作同位语

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.（同位语从句）

可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility, decision等。

三、状语从句：

3.1.条件状语从句:由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down./ 10 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.3.2.时间状语从句：用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since......这里要注意一点的是，如果主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义，简称主将从现。

We were about to leave when he came in It will be four days before they come back。

3.3.目的状语从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导.You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus 3.4.原因状语从句：

引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when（既然）, seeing(that)（由于，鉴于）, considering(that)（考虑到）, given(that)（考虑到）,for（为）等

I don’t like this computer because it is too ugly.Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.3.5.方式状语从句：方式状语从句通常由as, as…so…, as if, as though, by,with引导。

You must try to hold the tool as I do As water is to fish, so air is to man 3.6.地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点、方位，这类从句通常由where引导。

I found my books where I had left them.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where 引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：

where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。

Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句）

Go back to the place where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰place)3.7.比较状语从句：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级：as…as，not so（as）…as …，比较级：more…than（更）特殊引导词：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B My hometown is as beautiful as Hangzhou / 10 Nothing is more dangerous than that you make friends with him The more homework you do, the more you will get in study.3.8.结果状语从句:so… that或such…that

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.3.9.让步状语从句:引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：

though，although, while，as, even if，even though, whether...or...,no matter who/no matter what/ no matter where，whoever/whatever/wherever，regardless of…，despite，in spite of。Although/Though he was exhausted, he still kept on working.They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed

一个例句记住状语从句：

虽然我不太乖但是如果妈妈今天不忙，为了给我过生她会用微信在蛋糕店买一个（让步）（条件）（时间）（目的）（原因）（方式）（地点）足球般大小的蛋糕。（比较）（结果）/ 10