英语从句用法小结

第一篇：英语从句用法小结

英语从句用法小结

一、主语从句

★ 定义：主语从句时名词性从句中的一种，指句中的主语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

★ 连词：引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, 连接代词有who, what, which, 连接副词有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引导主语从句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主语，常用句型有：

It is +名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，还有以下常用结构： It turned out that… 结果是… It has been found that…已经发现… It has been proved that…已经证明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…据说…

It is said/reported that…据说/据报道… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都没关系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫无区别

二、表语从句

★ 定义：表语是一个完整的句子。，由引导，有时可省略that.★ 位置：从句位于系动词之后。

★ 连词：引导标语从句的连词有that，whether, as if, 代词who, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.这可能是此处的冰层覆盖对全球变暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引导的标语从句仅限于以下一个句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主语是reason是，表语从句不能用why或because引导，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位语从句

★ 定义：同位语是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位语，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位语。同位语从句即表示同位语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步uom该名词的具体内容，或对该名词作进一步解释。

★ 可接同位语从句的名词一般是具有一定内容含义的名词：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 连词：that(不能用which)，连接副词when, how, why, whether, 连接代词what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

★ 从意义上看，同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个名词加以补充说明，而定语从句是形容词性的，是对一个名词加以修饰和限定。

★ 从结构上看，同位语从句是由连接词引导，连接词虽在从句中那个不充当任何成分，但不可省略。而定语从句中的关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当成分（主语或宾语），充当宾语时常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定语从句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位语从句

五、宾语从句

★ 定义：句中及物动词或介词的宾语是一个完整的句子。

★ 连词：连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether, if, 连接代词有 who，whose, what, which 以及连接副词有when, where, how, why。★ 结构：

主语+谓语+（连接词）+宾语从句（用陈述句语序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+宾语从句

用于这一结构的及物动词有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.

第二篇：同位语从句用法小结

同位语从句用法小结

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：

一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词

advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word

二、同位语从句连接词的选用

在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。

We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题

注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别（1）that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别（2）同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别（3）whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

第三篇：宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句用法小结

一、宾语从句由关联词引出。

我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类：

以从属连词that引导的宾语从句。(陈述句)

I hear(that)you have passed the examination.以从属连词if 和whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句)

I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow.以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句)

Please tell me how you can get here.二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。

1)从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变;

主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。

主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态

I think(that)she is a clever girl.We all know(that)they reached Shanghai yesterday.Do you know(that)there is going to be a football

match tonight?

I saw(that)they were swimming in the river.1There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days.2.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3.Tony can come to the school.I think.I think that Tony can come to the school 4.They returned to Shanghai.I am afraid.I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2)从句为特殊疑问句时连接词用特殊疑问词引导，从句改为陈述句语序;

主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。

主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态

Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book.Nobody knows when he came back.He asked the policeman which is the way to the school.1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know.She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore.2.When will the train leave? I want to know.I want to know when the train will leave 3.Who is the new girl in the class?

He asked her.He asked her who was the new girl in the class..4.What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher.The boy asked the teacher what the words meant..从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或 if，从句改为陈述句语序;主句为一般现在时，从句可为任何时态。主句为过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态

Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?

I don't know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.I want to know whether/if she will lend you the money.I don't know whether/if he'll come the day after tomorrow.She wondered if/whether it rained last night 1.Is there a hotel near here?(Can you tell me).Can you tell me if/ whether there is a hotel near here? 2.Would they be back in three days?(She wants to know).She wants to know if / whether they would be back in three days 3.Do people like watching boat races.I wondered.I wondered if / whether people liked watching boat races.4.Does the goddess give him the magic medicine? She asked.She asked if/ whether the goddess gave him the magic medicine.几个需要注意的问题：

宾语从句为客观事实或真理时, 从句只能用一般现在时。The teacher told me(that)the earth is bigger than the moon.2.If 和 whether的区别。

1）Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。

I’d like to know whether he will come or not.2）Whether 后能加 to do, if 不行。

He doesn’t know whether to work or play.3）在介词后只能用whether不能用if.He is trying to find out whether the medicine works 4）whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。

Whether this is true or not , I can't say.Complete the sentences with if / whether.1.Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.2.The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.3.I don’t know __________ to go or stay.4.________ that is true, what should we do? 5.________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.3.人称问题。一说二听三不改。

从句中第一人称改成说话的人，第二人称改成听话的人 We are going to pick apples for the farmers.The students said

The students said they were going to pick apples for the farmers.2.Will you go there with my parents?(He asked her)

He asked her if she would go there with his parents.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.连词that不能省略的几种情况

在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that 2.that从句中含有主从复合句。

I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.则不能省略。3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：

It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.4.若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：

She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。

第四篇：高考英语同位语从句用法教案

高考英语同位语从句用法教案

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，也是高中英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

例如：

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

例如：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考(高考

新闻,高考说吧)又落榜了。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如：

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。

三、同位语从句连接词的选用

在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that，who，whether)，连接副词(how，when，where)等。例如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。

注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句：that

有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：

We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。

He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

以下名词常用于以上句型：

advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word 同位语从句：whether

whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句：what

what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句：how

how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

It’s a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句：who等

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别(1)

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别(2)

that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别(3)

whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

区别(4)

1.从词义角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。2.从搭配角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：

先行词是“人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question，idea，doubt等”。

六、典型例题

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home，perhaps by bike.析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

例3：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)

A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例4：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

第五篇：英语倒装句用法小结

倒装句

一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。

一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 从句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面

如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：(1)副词置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)动词置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容词或名词置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装

Only socialism can save China.(only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)

6.not only...but also...引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒装）

10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。