英语过去完成时用法小结

第一篇：英语过去完成时用法小结

中招英语

过去完成时用法小结

一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。

3.在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后，我们吃早饭。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。

2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。

4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，中招英语

never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。

5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。

随讲随练

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

Key：1-8 DCDCCABA

第二篇：英语现在完成时和过去完成时

英语过去完成时

基本用法：

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：By nine

o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如： Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a

good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去

完成时。例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如： He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。注意：如果两个动

作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一

般过去时代替过去完成时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to

improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first

(second, etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如： Hardly had he begun to speak

when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。时间状语：before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than

英语现在完成时

1.现在完成时的“完成用法” 现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一

时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：

He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情

况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时

态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时

间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning

／ month ／year...，today等)连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已

找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时的“未完成用法

”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have / has been＋for短语②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了。

第三篇：一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时的用法及区别

① 一般过去时的基本用法

a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用.a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。

He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。

b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信.c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。

She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。

d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时.We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。

②一般过去时的特殊用法

a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。

I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。

b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气

Might I come and see you tonight?

我想今晚来看你，好吗？

现在完成时的用法:

1)表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，一般不与过去时间连用，常同already, just, yet等状语连用

例：I have just turned off the light.我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）

2)表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连，也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用She has taught in the school for ten years.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。

I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

3)表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和，常同频度副词always, often, seldom, never等连用

I have been to the Great Wall twice.我曾经去过长城两次

过去完成时用法：

1.表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的是“过去的过去，常用的时间状语有：”by + 过去的时间点、by the end of + 过去的时间点、before + 过去的时间点。

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到达晚会时，他发现大多数客人已经离开了。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。例如：

When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。

4.某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope，expect，suppose，think，want，wish等。例如：

They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten.他们本来打算能在10点之前到达达一、一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较。

1.“一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系，常带有表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事，对现在产生某种结果，强调过去与现在的联系。一般不与过去具体时间连用。当需要指明过去一个特定的时刻发生的事情时，需要使用一般过去式。

Ａ.I ________(lose)my pen.Can you lend me yours?

Ｂ.Why don't you buy one?

Ａ.It _______(fall)into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands.Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.2.现在完成时与for或since引起的短语连用时，表达从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一般过去时与“for＋一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。

We___________(stay)here for three weeks.I think we are going to stay another two weeks.（说话时人还在）

He __________(stay)here for three weeks last year.（并不表示现在是否在）

3.一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态，如yesterday,last year(month,week,night)，in 1980…

I ______(come)the day before yesterday.4.现在完成时所带时间状语包含说话时在内,如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或与说话时非常接近，如recently,just,in(during)the past three years。Great changes _______(take)place in the last ten years

5如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。They have lived here for a long time

6一般过去时比现在完成时更能表达事情的结果

John has taught math for twenty years.保留了约翰继续教数学的可能性

John taught math for twenty years.表明约翰已经不再教数学了，他可能退休了，换工作了，或者去世了。

7如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。They have lived here for a long time.他们在这里已经生活了很长一段时间。

二、一般过去式与过去完成时的区别。

1.一般现在时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一动作或时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时与现在相比，强调“过去”，而过去完成时则与过去相比，强调“过去的过去”。

我们来比较下列句子：

The meeting _________(start)at six o'clock./ start的动作发生在at six o'clock。The meeting ___________(start)when we arrived at the hall./ start的动作发生在过去的动作arrived之前。

过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

第四篇：英语倒装句用法小结

倒装句

一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。

一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 从句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面

如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：(1)副词置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)动词置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容词或名词置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装

Only socialism can save China.(only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)

6.not only...but also...引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒装）

10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。

第五篇：英语从句用法小结

英语从句用法小结

一、主语从句

★ 定义：主语从句时名词性从句中的一种，指句中的主语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

★ 连词：引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, 连接代词有who, what, which, 连接副词有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引导主语从句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主语，常用句型有：

It is +名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，还有以下常用结构： It turned out that… 结果是… It has been found that…已经发现… It has been proved that…已经证明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…据说…

It is said/reported that…据说/据报道… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都没关系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫无区别

二、表语从句

★ 定义：表语是一个完整的句子。，由引导，有时可省略that.★ 位置：从句位于系动词之后。

★ 连词：引导标语从句的连词有that，whether, as if, 代词who, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.这可能是此处的冰层覆盖对全球变暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引导的标语从句仅限于以下一个句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主语是reason是，表语从句不能用why或because引导，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位语从句

★ 定义：同位语是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位语，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位语。同位语从句即表示同位语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步uom该名词的具体内容，或对该名词作进一步解释。

★ 可接同位语从句的名词一般是具有一定内容含义的名词：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 连词：that(不能用which)，连接副词when, how, why, whether, 连接代词what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

★ 从意义上看，同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个名词加以补充说明，而定语从句是形容词性的，是对一个名词加以修饰和限定。

★ 从结构上看，同位语从句是由连接词引导，连接词虽在从句中那个不充当任何成分，但不可省略。而定语从句中的关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当成分（主语或宾语），充当宾语时常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定语从句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位语从句

五、宾语从句

★ 定义：句中及物动词或介词的宾语是一个完整的句子。

★ 连词：连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether, if, 连接代词有 who，whose, what, which 以及连接副词有when, where, how, why。★ 结构：

主语+谓语+（连接词）+宾语从句（用陈述句语序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+宾语从句

用于这一结构的及物动词有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.