初中英语语法讲解整理完整文件-名词

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第一篇:初中英语语法讲解整理完整文件-名词

名词

1.1名词的种类:

1)专有名词——表示人名、洲名、国各、地名、山河名、组织机构、节日、月份、星期、称呼、头衔、书报名、(由

普通名词构成的专有名词)如:Michael(迈克尔),Asia(亚有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:room—房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish—鱼(可paper—试卷,报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)4.不可数名词量的表达(2)词尾加(r)en,如:child→(3)单、复数相同。如:sheep→sheep;deer→deer;fish→fish;(4)有些名词只表示复数。如:people, trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜)。

(5)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都用数);鱼肉(不可数)glass—玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)Chinese→;Japanese→。洲),China(中国),Hong Kong(香港),London(伦敦),the Yellow 不可数名词的数量,要借助一个可数名词来表达,其结构

River(黄河),WTO(世贸组织),Christmas Day(圣诞

节),January(一月),Monday(星期一),Dad(爸爸),Mr Brown(布

朗先生),President Obama(奥巴马总统),Harry Potter(哈利·波

特),.the Great Wall(长城)

注意:1.专有名词的第一个字母必须大写2.由普通名词

构成的专有名词前一般要加定冠词the。

2)普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:

book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:(1)个体名

词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book,bike。(2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:

family, class, people, school。(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个

体的实物,如:air, water, paper。(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。

1.2名词的数和计量

考点一:不可数名词

1.分类

不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如

rice,water,milk等)和表示动作、状态、情

况、品质等抽象概念,如work,time,health等)。常考的不可数名词还有:advice,ink,clothing,sugar,news,maths,physics,trouble,weather,traffic,information,homework,fun,progress,experience(经验)等。

2.基本用法

不可数名词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。不

可数名词前面不能使用a或 an。

3.既可数又不可数的名词 为:基数词+单位词+of+不可数名词。如: 复数。如:woman teacher→women teachers女教师;man 一块面包doctor→men doctors男医生。两杯茶twocupsoftea3.可数名词的计量一般直接在其前加 三杯橘汁threeglassesoforange考点二:可数名词变复数 1.3 名词所有 1.规则变化 1.构成(1)一般在词尾加。如:lake→lakes;mouth→mouths;(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法: month→months;arm→arms;key→keys;boy→boys;grown-①一般情况下在名词后加's。如:迈克的汽车 up→grownups;pound→pounds;dollar→dollars。我妈妈的头发Mymother’shair(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加。如:bus→buses;②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。如: 教师节 box→boxes;brush→brushes;sandwich→sandwiches;wish三个小时的步行threehours’walk→wishes;church→churches;glass→glasses;beach→beaches。③不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加's。如:妇女节(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变为,再加如:儿童节factory→factories;library→libraries;city→cities;country(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of+名词”构成。如:我→countries;story→stories;family→families;strawberry→们教室的一张照片a picture of our classroomstrawberries; 一张中国地图[注意] 表示时间、dictionary→dictionaries;party→parties;hobby→hobbies。距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词,也可用's构成(4)以o结尾的大多加s,少数加es。如:zoo→zoos;photo所有格。如:今天的报纸today's newspaper世界人口→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos; kangaroo→kangaroos;hero→heroes;tomato→tomatoes;2.特殊用法 potato→potatoes。(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时,只需在最后一个人的名(5)以f或fe结尾的词,变如:knife字后加's;表示各自所有,则需在每个名词后加's。如: →knives;leaf→leaves;shelf→shelves;half→halves;thief莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西→thieves;wife→wives;wolf→wolves;life→lives。各自的房间2.不规则变化(2)表示“家”、“ 店铺”等处所。如:at Li Lei's在李雷家在不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况: 医生的诊所(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如:foot→feet;tooth→teeth;(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词's” 或 man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen(但:“of+名词性物主代词”。如:我父亲的一本书 a book of my German→Germans)。a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一个朋友

第二篇:初一英语语法名词语法讲解及练习题

初一英语语法—名词语法讲解及练习题

专有名词与普通名词

名词按其意义可分为专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(common noun)。

普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

1.专有名词:是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。如:New York纽约 Clinton克林顿

2.类名词:是一类人或物的个体的名称。

如:piano钢琴,doctor医生,ship舰船

3.集体名词:是一些人或物的总称,作主语时可用复形谓语动词。

如:family家庭,army军队

4.物质名词: 是无法分为个体的实物。

如:sugar糖,tea茶,air空气

5.抽象名词: 是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。如:work工作,honesty诚实,courage勇气

注:名词按其可数性分为可数名词(countable nouns)和不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。类名词皆可数,集体名词大都可数,专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词多不可数。

名词的复数形式

1.规则变化:

1)一般加-s

如:map------maps地图 field------fields田地

2)以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词后加-es

如:class---classes班,box---boxes盒子 dish---dishes盘子,match---matches比赛

3)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变为-ves

如:leaf---leaves叶 thief---thieves贼(注:下列词例外 :roofs屋顶,gulfs海湾, belief信仰,信条)

4)以辅音字母 y 结尾,变y为i,再加-es

如:party---parties党 factory---factories工厂(注:元音字母 y 结尾直接加-s: boys男孩 rays光线)

5)以辅音字母 o 结尾,一般加-es

如:potato---potatoes 马铃薯 hero---heroes 英雄(注:某些外来词 以及以元音字母 o结尾的名词,直接加-s: pianos钢琴,photos照片,kilos公斤;radios收音机

2.不规则变化

1)变内部元音。

如: foot---feet脚 man---men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齿 mouse---mice老鼠

2)词尾加-en

如: child---children小孩 ox---oxen公牛

3)形式不变(即单复数一致)

如: deer----deer 鹿 fish---fish 鱼 sheep---sheep羊复合名词的复数形式

由一个简单名词加一个或一个以上的词构成的名词叫复合名词(compound noun)。复合名词变复数时,有以下三种情况:

1.把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式,如: housewife → housewives家庭主妇 film-goer → film-goers爱看电影的人 gentleman → gentlemen先生 schoolroom → schoolrooms教室

2.将主要成分变为复数形式,如: looker-on → lookers-on旁观者 sister-in-law → sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳 passer-by → passers-by过路人 bride-to-be → brides-to-be即将做新娘的人

3.将两个组成部分皆变为复数,这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,如: man doctor → men doctors男医生 woman teacher → women teachers女教师 man cook → men cooks男厨师 woman singer → women singers女歌手

第三篇:初中英语语法:There be句型讲解

There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”,其形式为“Therebe+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:

1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)

2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)

3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is./No,there isn't.)

4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑问句)

除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:

There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。

There be 结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况:

通过上表可知:各种时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错,首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如,要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(“地图”存在于三班)由此看来,There will have是错误的。

复习There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:

1.There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。例如:

(1)There is _____ on the floor.(2)There are _____ on the floor.选项:A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C.2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,som e,few,a few,m any或用数词 +hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/ thousands/millions of,no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等词的修饰。例如:

(1)There were _____ students in our school.A.hundreds B.eight hundred C.eight hundreds of

(2)There is _____ water.You needn't get some more.A.few B.little C.much

解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C.3.注意不定代词的用法。

(1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.4.There be句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。

如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?

但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?

5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。

有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.(2)There is _____ food.You have to buy some.(A.any B.some C.no)从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C.There be句型命题趋向有两个方面:一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。

下面是一些英语中考试题原题:

1.There are _____ days in a week.A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven

2.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy som e peas,carrots and cabbages.A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs

3.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl

4.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred

5.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.A.many B.a few C.much D.few

6.—Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.—It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room

7.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.A.was B.will be C.will have D.are going to be

8.There _____ a football gam e in our school.A.has B.will have C.will be

9.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.A.have;on B.be;on C.have;for D.be;of

10.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.A.any B.some C.no

11.There is _____ in the bag.It's em pty.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.somebody

12.There is _____ knocking at the door.Go and see who it is.A.nobody B.somebody C.anybody D.everybody

13.—Is there _____ wrong with me,doctor?

—I'm afraid so.Your heart is beating a bit too slow.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing

14.There is _____ interesting on this channel.Try others.A.nothing

B.none

C.anything

D.no

15.There is _____ interesting in the film,so _____ is interested in it.A.something;nobody B.nothing;somebody

C.anything;anybody D.nothing;nobody

16.There is _____ in today's newspaper.A.nothing new B.anything new

C.new anything D.new something

17.There is _____ in today's newspaper.A.new anything B.new something

C.anything new D.something new

18.There will be a volleyball match in our school,_____ ?

A.be there B.is there

C.will there D.won't there

19.There is little water in the bottle.(改为反意疑问句)

There is little water in the bottle,_____ _____ ?

20.There is som ething unusual on the island.(改为反意疑问句)

There is som ething unusual on the island,_____ _____ ?

Key:

●There be句型与中考试题

1—5 D A C C C

6—10 D B C B C

11—15 A B B A D

16—18 A D D 19.is there 20.isn't there

第四篇:名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法

小学英语语法集训之一: 第一课 名词

I.名词分类:可数名词 不可数名词

1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)

例如:drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings

2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an),表示一个,有复数形式,表示复数概念,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many“很多”+可数名词复数

much“很多”/a little “一点”+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰

不可数名词表示数量时需要用 数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many

对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much

4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:

1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。

注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。

例:There is much water in the bottle.I'll tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information.2)用单位词表示。用a...of 表示。

如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)

a piece of(一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)

注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如two hundred students(200名学生)

ten thousand trees(10000棵树)

考点He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish)

5、可数名词分为单数和复数。

名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数

如a desk(一张桌子)

an old desk(一张旧书桌)

2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式 规则变化

1)一般情况下加-s

如book—books, desk—desks, cat-cats, bed-beds 2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box—boxes, bus—buses, brush-brushes, watch-watches 注意①以th结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs

3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。

如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)

注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)

(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾

(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)

(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s

如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)

photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化

1)元音字母发变化。

如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)

mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。

如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。

如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)

注意不说an English,要说an Englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。

如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police

(不说a police,可说a policeman)

5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)

a woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)

6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)

注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如: grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)

注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。

如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?

we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了许多水果,china has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)she has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。

his black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。

注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。

如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平), sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。

如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)

注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。练习:

一. 写出下列名词的复数形式

1.this ______ 2.watch______ 3.child ______ 4.photo ______ 5.diary ______ 6.day ______ 7.foot ______ 8.dress ______ 9.tooth ______

10.sheep ______ 11.box ______ 12.peach______ 13.sandwich ______ 14.man ______ 15.woman ______ 16.city ______ 17.zoo ______ 18.country ______ 19.mouse ______ 20.car ______ 21.fox ______ 22.tree ______ 23.horse ______ 24.bus ______ 25.leaf ______ 26.life ______ 27.thief ______ 28.book ______ 二. 按要求填入单词的适当形式

1.Two ______ live in this building.(family)2.Look at those _______.(child)3.I can see a ______ standing near the door.(policeman)4.There are some ______ on the table.(glass)5.Would you like some ______?(bread)6.I have two ______.(sister)7.I like ______.(cat)8.Do you want some ______ for supper?(potato)9.He has two ______.One is old, the other is new.(watch)10.In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground.(leaf)11.I have two _______.(knife)12.There are two ______ in the zoo.(fox)13.There are many ______ on the road.(bike)14.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(child)15.The _____ are playing football now.(student)16.Please take two ______ for me.(photo)17.I like the red _______.(tomato)18.Would you please clean your ______ now?(tooth)19.Do you want some ______?(milk)20.There are ten ______ ______ in our school.(English teacher)三. 选择下列正确的单词或词组。

1.Do you drink much(milk, milks)? 2.I visited(Tom, Tom’s)house yesterday.3.He had two(cup, cups)of tea.4.This is(Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s)house.5.Give me a(piece of, X)paper, please.6.I don’t want(a, an)old cap.7.Look at those(sheep, sheeps).8.There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.9.How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 10.That bag is my(father’s, father’s bag).四. 将下列句子变成复数形式。

1.This is a knife.________________________________ 2.That is a tomato.__________________________________ 3.That child is very lovely._______________________________ 4.An Englishman stood there.______________________________ 五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格 1.a sister ______________________ 2.a boy ___________ 3.today _______ 4.a baby _______ 5.a camel ______ 6.men _______ 7.birds _______ 8.two days _______ 9.John and Mary(两人共有的)_______ 10.John and Mary(两人各自所有的)_________________ 六.选择

1.The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers 2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.toys C.boies 3.A cat has four _____, doesn’t it? A.foots B.feet C.feets 4.There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B.Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A.fish B.books C.horse 6.The _____ has two _____.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch 7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans 8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths 9.I saw many ______ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s 10.The green shirt is his _____.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 11.They come from different _____.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 12.How many _____ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 13.They are _____.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 14.Would you like _____, please?

A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 15.There are some _____ in these _____.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes 16._____ you _____ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 17.I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 18.There is no _____ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 19.My uncle has three _____.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 七.用’s或s’替换下列词组 1.the leg of the boy _______________ 2.the key of the girl _____________________ 3.the tail of the cat __________________ 4.the friend of my father’s ________________ 5.the toys of the boy _______________________ 6.the songs of the birds _______________________ 7.The servants of the queen _______________________ 8.the shirts of the men _____________________________ 9.the violin of the girl __________________________ 10.the pen of John _____________________________

第五篇:英语语法---名词、代词和冠词

英语语法---冠词 冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】

冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。英语语法---名词

(一)可数名词的复数构成 A.规则变化 1.单词后加S 2.单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)3.以F或FE结尾,变为VE加S B.不规则变化

1.单复同形

deer sheep

fish

Chinese

Japanese

means 2.只有复数形式

people

police

cattl

clothes

trousers,glasses 3.不规则变化

man----men

woman----women

foot-----feet

tooth-----teeth mouse------mice

child-----children

German------Germans 4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数

Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)将主要成分变成复数

looker-on----lookers-on

son-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一词是man, woman,将两部分都变成复数 men doctors

women 小结

grown-up----grown-ups

名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】

单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处: 【妙语诠释】

①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。

(二)名词所有格

1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house

The cat’s food

James’ dog

The dogs’ food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词,用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk

the cover of the magazine 3.在时间,距离,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。Two months’ time

Today’s newspaper

fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s

the tailor’s

my uncle’s

the barber’s 5.名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词时,用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s

that bike of Tom’s 6.某样东西为两人或多人共有,在后一个名词尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother

Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car

Tom’s and Tim’s car 小结

名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】

名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】

①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加 “’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A(三)主谓一致

主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。He is a student.We are students.1

and 连接两个名词,看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2

主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数

主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体,(如度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等)其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原则。

There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集体名词,如family ,team 等做主语时,若当一个整体看,谓语动词就用单数,若就其中一个一个成员来看,谓语动词就用复数,class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似

His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成双成对构成的东西,如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,但与a pair一起构成作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

7.each , every+名词,谓语用单数。

Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8.以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also,not…but…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。

Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词单数 + 谓语单数

…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词复数 + 谓语复数 Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +复数名词 +谓语复数

…the only/the very one of + 复数名词 +谓语单数 He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.

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