第一篇:初中英语名词讲解
名词
定义:表示人和事物名称的词。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名词的分类:专有名词与普通名词
专有名词表示具体的人,事物,地点,机构,月份,和节日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名词表示某一类人或事物的名词(分为四类)
1个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词(banana, umbrella)
2集体名词:表示相关人或事物构成的集体(class,people,police,family,team)
3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质名词(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名词:表示抽象概念(如品质,情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物质名词因词义发生变化而被用作可数名词(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯饮料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2当抽象名词具体化时(eg: success“成功”为不可数。若译为成功的人或事时为可数名词。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高兴的人或事failure:失败的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美丽的事物 wonder:奇迹surprise:令人感到惊讶的人或事
温馨提示:有时同一个普通名称由于搭配或不同的意义,可以分为不同的类别。Work作“工作”为物质名词不可数,作“作品”为个体名词可数名词
Paper作“纸”为物质名词不可数,作“报纸,试卷,论文”为个体名词可以数 学习小窍门:分辨名词可数还是不可数主要看它是不是一个单个的个体,在里一般不能分割的东西为可数名词。
名词变复数的规则:
1一般情况+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾+es
3以辅音字母y结尾,变y为i+es
4以f, fe,结尾变其为v+es
5以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s
温馨提醒:对于成双成对的东西都只以复数的形式出现(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名词的所有格:
有生命的名词:
1不以s结尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 结尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3复数不以s结尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
无生命的名词:of +名词the door of the classroom
只修饰可数名词的修饰语:
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的修饰语:
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第二篇:初中英语名词讲解与练习(写写帮整理)
I.名词的数:
II.名词的所有格:
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
2.所有格的用法。
⑴表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格时
twenty minutes’ walk/ a twenty-minute walk
ten miles’ jouney
ten dollars’ worth
two pounds’ worth
⑵无生命的所有格必须用of结构
中国地图
这个学期末
我们国家的首都
这些花的颜色
⑶双重所有格
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友(强调朋友中的一个)a friend of my father(强调所属关系,爸爸的朋友)a leg of the man’s这个男子的一条腿
⑷ 两个名词并列时的所有格。
John and Mary’s room
John’s and Mary’s room
Ⅲ.不可数名词“量”的表达。
1.这个男人有很多钱。
The man has ______________________ money.2.这个男人有一点/一些钱。
The man has ___________ money.3.这个男人有钱么?
Does the man __________ money?
_____________________________________词可以用来修饰不可数名词。
第三篇:初中英语名词练习题
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas
B.photos
C.news
D.stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange
B.oranges, oranges
C.oranges, orange
D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk
B.25 minute’s walk
C.25 minute walk
D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people
B.person
C.the people
D.the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”.应选B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples
B.chickens and apple
C.chicken and apple
D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number
B.rooms’ number
C.room numbers
D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.应选C。
7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family
B.house
C.home
D.room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s
B.Mary and Peter
C.Mary’s and Peter
D.Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle
B.her uncle’s
C.her uncles
D.aunt’s 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。
10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences
B.much experience
C.an experience
D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11.A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you
B.your
C.your sister
D.your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans
B.Germans ,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans , Germen
D.Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组), 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14.“Would you like _________?”
“________, please.”
A.drink, Three coffees
B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee
D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用„of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”.因此选C。
15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of
B.earths and stones, millions
C.the earth and stone, million of
D.the earths and stones, millions 解析:earth 是不可数名词,因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择最佳答案:
1. Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives
B.children, life
C.children, lives
D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!
A.my father and mother
B.my mother and father's
C.my mother's and father's
D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Class Third
B.Third Class
C.Class Three
D.Three class 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers
B.Teachers'
C.the Teachers'
D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'
B.half an hour's
C.half an hour
D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffe
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun
B.wishes
C.interest
D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child
B.boy
C.boys
D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks
B.two-weeks
C.two weeks'
D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor
B.visitors
C.visitor's
D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject
B.music
C.book
D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place
B.room
C.field
D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool
B.Pork
C.Mutton
D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine
B.lessons
C.photos
D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute
B.minutes'
C.minutes's
D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A.a good news
B.some good news
C.some good newes
D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?
A.street
B.way
C.road
D.address 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles
B.my uncles'
C.my uncle's
D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are
B.is
C.am
D.were 1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BBBCB 3
第四篇:初中英语名词 教案2
第一章 名词
3.不可数名词
a.不可数名词包括:
物质名词
water
paper milk 抽象名词
ability power youth 液体气体全都是不可数名词
b.物质名词的数量表达方法 ①some , any , much , little , a little +物质名词
some water 一些水 ②数词+表示容器的名词+of+物质名词
a glass of water 一杯水
two glasses of water 两杯水
变复数是改量词并把容器名词变为复数
a piece of paper 一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
c,名词所有格(…的…)。’s ①生物名词所有格
名词+’s +名词
a boy’s pen
a girl’s dress
若第一个名词是以s结尾,则只加 ‘
class’
dress’
②非生物所有格,用of连接
the legs of the chair 椅子腿
③双重所有格
Ⅰ.of +生物所有格或名词性物主代词
a bottle of mine a book of my father’s
Ⅱ.双重所有格的使用场合
1)当被修饰名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般要用双重所有格
I don’t like that big nose of David’s.我不喜欢大卫的那个大鼻子。
Which novel of Dicken’s are you referring to? 你谈的是狄更斯的哪部小说?
Some friends of my brother’s will come,我兄弟的一些朋友要来。
注意:被双重所有格修饰名词前有指示代词时,通常带有一定的感情色彩。(如赞赏、不满、厌恶等)
That little daughter of your cousin’s is really a dear.你表哥的那个小女儿真是逗人爱。
(表赞赏)
That daughter of your cousin’s is constantly complaining.你表哥的那个女儿总是在抱怨
(表厌恶)
另外,被双重所有格修饰的名词前可以用不定冠词,但通常不用定冠词。
可以说:a poem of Shelly’s
a novel if Dicken’s
不可以说:the poem of Shelly’s
the novel of Dicken’s
④非生物所有格和双重所有格在表达的意义上的不同
He is a friend of my father.他是我父亲的一个朋友。
He is a friend of my father’s.他是我父亲的朋友之一。⑤picture、photo等词在of非生物所有格和双重所有格中有不同的含义
This is a photo of my sister.这是一张我姐姐照的照片。
This is a photo of my sister’s.这是我姐姐收藏的照片之一。
a criticism of William’s
威廉提出的批评
a criticism of William
对威廉的批评
第五篇:可数名词不可数名词讲解
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。
一、可数名词
在可数名词之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。
可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律:
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves.
5.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况
1)有生命的+es如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes
2)无生命的+s如:photo-photosradio-radios
6.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth,7.除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形,如:fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works(工厂),means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人,news 新闻,goods 商品,Japanese 本人
8.有一些名词则只有复数形式:trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子
9.有些集体名词在形式上是单数如people(人民,人们),police(警察),cattle(牲畜),staff(全体人员,全体职员),但它们表达复数的含意。如果这些词做主语,其谓语须用复数形式。另外还要注意:police和cattle的谓语形式总是用复数形式。people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”
10.“某国人”的复数有三种类型:
(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;
(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men;
(3)其他各国人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加。如:Americans, Australians, Indians可依照这个口诀记忆:中日不变,英法变,其他”s”加后面。
二、不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。当它做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an
1.不可数名词如何量化:就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”,比如:a piece of bread(paper(纸), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见),information(信息), meat(肉))a cake of soap 一块肥皂a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水等。
当量词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,量词需要用复数形式,如two bottles of water 两瓶水two pieces of paper 两张纸等;
同时,可数名词也有相应用法,如:a box of apples 一箱苹果six boxes of apples 六箱苹果 等。
2.最常见的不可数名词有:Advice(建议), change(零钱),hair(头发), homework(回家作业), information(信息), knowledge(知识), ,money(钱),news(消息),progress(进步),traffic(交通),fun(乐趣),weather(天气),music(音乐),Health(健康),luckk(好运),water(水),tim(时间),rain(雨),truth(真相),ice(冰)