2013年初中英语词性系列 名词

第一篇：2013年初中英语词性系列 名词

初中英语词性系列之名词

1.名词的可数与不可数。

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个„„”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

2.名词的复数。

（1）规则变化。

A.一般情况下加-s.B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es.如：bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushes.C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es.如：city---cities,country---countries.D.以f,fe结尾的，去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es.（2）不规则变化A.元音发生变化。

如：man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---mice.B.词尾发生变化。

如：child---children.C.单、复数同形。

如：fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep.3.物质名词（不可数名词）量的表示方法。

（1）用much,a little,a lot of等表示。

（2）用容器表示。

a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper.4.名词的所有格。

（1）名词所有格的构成法。

A.单数名词词尾加‘ s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加' s.the worker's bike,the Children' s ball.B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加' s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后' s.如：

This is Lucy and Licy' s room.These are Kate's and jack' s rooms.C.如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词，只加'.如：

the students' books,the girls' blouses.（2）名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用's结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。如：the legs of the desk,the door of the room.但在表示名词所有格时，' s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间，距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。如：

ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper.

第二篇：德语名词词性总结

德语名词词性总结

I)(语法：格)

2)动词去掉词尾en，加er，形成阳性名词，指做动作的人，复数不再改变词尾：

besuchen-> der Besucher lehren-> der Lehrer

3)大多数以en结尾(但不包括动名词或以chen结尾的词)，为阳性：

der Hafen 港口 der Laden 商店

4)阳性名词前加erz，表示大，为主或首要的意思，复数和原词相同：

der Bischof der Erzbischof die Erzbischoefe

5)大多数表示阳性生物的名词，都为阳性：

der Arbeiter 工人 der Loewe 雄师 der Vater 父亲 der Hahn 公鸡 6)四季，月份，周日，都为阳性：

der Fruehling 春天 der Mai 五月 der Montag 周一 der Sonntag 周日 6)表示方向的词，都为阳性：

der Osten 东方 der Westen 西方

der Sueden 南方

der Norden 北方 7)表示风霜雨雪的词，岩石，大地，外国河流：

der Regen 雨 der Wind 风 der Schnee 雪 der Reif 霜

der Fels

岩石

der Boden 大地 8)各种汽车名词，都为阳性：

der VW(Volkswagen)大众汽车

der LKW(Lastkraftwagen)载重汽车

9)大多数带er, el, ling, s, ich, ig 词尾的名词，为阳性：

der Lehrer 老师 der Schluessel 钥匙，密码

der Lehrling 学徒 der Teppich 地毯

Der Koks 焦炭 der Honig 蜂蜜

10)特殊的国家der Irak, der Iran, der Sudan, der Jemen, der Kongo, der Libanon, der Senegal, der Tschad, der Vatikan II形成不同词性的前缀和后缀

1)形容词或动词后加nis形成的词为阴性或中性，复数形式为：nisse

wild 野生的，未开发的 die Wildnis 荒地 die Wildnisse

kennen 认识，了解 die Kenntnis 知识，学问 die Kenntnisse

bilden 制作

das Bildnis 画像 die Bildnisse

2)名词前加ge形成集体性或联合性名词，复数形式按其不同词尾来定：

das Wasser

das Gewaesser 积水 die Gewaesser das Spiel 赌博，比赛 der Gespiele 玩伴 die Gespielen 3)动词前加ge形成表示动作的名词，复数形式按其不同词尾来定：

reden 讲，说 das Gerede 废话，空话，流言蜚语 die Gerede bauen 建筑 das Gebaeude 建筑物 die Gebaeude beten 祈祷 das Gebet 祈祷，祷告 die Gebete 4)名词前加un形成相反意思的名词，复数形式与原来的词相同：

der Dank 感谢 der Undank 忘恩负义 die Undank

5)名词前加ur形成的名词，表示原始，本源或古老的意思，复数形式与原来的词相同：

das Volk 人民 das Urvolk 原始人 die Urvoelker

6)带后缀ett, ier, il及ment的名词多为中性，少数为阳性，复数在后缀上加e:

das Skelett 骨骼，骨架 die Skelette

das Papier 纸

die Papiere

das Experiment 实验

die Experimente

das Reptil 爬行动物 die Reptile

等

第三篇：初中英语词性转换

n..act, action anger attention back beauty business care change cheer cleaning clearness collection correction completeness danger death difference excitement

extent, extension fall fear full fool fight fright gladness goodness greed happiness harm heat help height hesitation honesty hope hunger hurry interest invitation joy

kindness

v.act

attendcare change cheer clean clear collect correct complete endanger die differ excite extend fall fear full fool fight frighten

harm heat help

hesitatehope

hurry interest invite enjoy

adj.active angry attentive back beautiful busy careful changeable cheerful clean clear collective correct complete dangerous

dead,dying,deadly different

exciting, excited extensive falling, fallen fearful full foolish fighting

frightful,frightened glad good greedy happy harmful hot helpful high hesitant honest hopeful hungry hurried

interesting,interested inviting joyful

kind, kindly

adv.Active Angrily attentively back

beautifully busily carefully

cheerfully

clearly collectively correctly completely dangerously deadly differently excitedly extensively

fearfully fully foolishly

frightfully gladly well greedily happily harmfully hotly helpfully high

hesitantly honestly hopefully hungrily hurriedly interestedly invitingly joyfully kind

v.add advise answer apologize arrive award begin breathe brush build call carry choose cook copy cost cough cove cry dance decide discover discuss draw dream dress drink drop end enter excuse explain fail feel fish fly inform invent land laugh mail matter

n.addition anvice answer apology arrival award beginning breath brush building call carriage choice cooking copy cost cough cover cry

dance, dancing decision discovery discussion drawing dream

dress, dressing drink drop end entrance excuse

explaination failurefeelings fish, fishing flight

information invention land laugh mail matter

last life loss love luck need opening past person pleasure pollution possibility post,postage pride rain reality relaxation round sadness safety silence situation sleep smile snow success surprise talk taste thanks tradition truth union use

welcome width wonder work worry wound

last live lost lovelyneed open pass

please pollutepostrain realize relax roundsave

situate sleep smile snow succeed surprise talk taste thanktrust unite use

welcome widen wonder work worry wound

last

living, lively

lucky necessary open, opening past personal

pleasant, pleased polluted possible postal proud rainy real

relaxing, relaxant round sad safe silent situational

asleep, sleepy, sleeping

smiling snowy successful

talkative tasteful thankful traditional true united useful welcome wide

wonderful working worried wounded

last lively

luckily necessarily openly past

personally pleasantly

possibly

proudly

really

round，around

safely silently

asleep smilingly

successfully

tastefully thankfully traditionally truly

usefully

widely

wonderfully

worriedlymean meet notice operate organize paint pay perform plan point practise pronounce read recite record report return ring rob run say see sell serve step shop show sing smell smoke sound speak stay stop store study swim telephone typemeaning

meet, meeting notice operation organization paint, painting pay

performce plan point practice

pronunciation reading recitation record report return ring robbery run, running saying

seeing,sight sale service step

shop, shopping show

singing,song smell

smoke, smoking sound speech stay store store study

swim, swimming telephone type

第四篇：初中英语名词讲解

名词

定义：表示人和事物名称的词。（apple，sister，bird，happiness）名词的分类：专有名词与普通名词

专有名词表示具体的人，事物，地点，机构，月份，和节日等名（Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA）

普通名词表示某一类人或事物的名词（分为四类）

1个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词（banana, umbrella）

2集体名词：表示相关人或事物构成的集体（class，people，police，family，team）

3物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质名词(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名词：表示抽象概念（如品质，情感等，advice，help，success）注意：1有些物质名词因词义发生变化而被用作可数名词（a tea “一杯茶”a beer

“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯饮料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”）2当抽象名词具体化时（eg: success“成功”为不可数。若译为成功的人或事时为可数名词。He is a success= He is a successful man.）

pleasure:令人感到高兴的人或事failure：失败的人或事

comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty：美人或美丽的事物 wonder:奇迹surprise:令人感到惊讶的人或事

温馨提示：有时同一个普通名称由于搭配或不同的意义，可以分为不同的类别。Work作“工作”为物质名词不可数，作“作品”为个体名词可数名词

Paper作“纸”为物质名词不可数，作“报纸，试卷，论文”为个体名词可以数 学习小窍门：分辨名词可数还是不可数主要看它是不是一个单个的个体，在里一般不能分割的东西为可数名词。

名词变复数的规则：

1一般情况+s

2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾+es

3以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i+es

4以f, fe，结尾变其为v+es

5以o结尾，有生命+es,无生命+s

温馨提醒：对于成双成对的东西都只以复数的形式出现（trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes）

名词的所有格：

有生命的名词：

1不以s结尾的+’Smy student’s books

2以s 结尾的+’the boys’ basketball

3复数不以s结尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room

无生命的名词：of +名词the door of the classroom

只修饰可数名词的修饰语：

Few , a few, several, many, a number of

只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：

Little，a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of

既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的修饰语：

Some，any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough

第五篇：初中英语名词练习题

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas

B.photos

C.news

D.stories

解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange

B.oranges, oranges

C.oranges, orange

D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。

3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk

B.25 minute’s walk

C.25 minute walk

D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people

B.person

C.the people

D.the person

解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”.应选B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples

B.chickens and apple

C.chicken and apple

D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number

B.rooms’ number

C.room numbers

D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.应选C。

7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family

B.house

C.home

D.room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s

B.Mary and Peter

C.Mary’s and Peter

D.Mary’s and Peter’s

解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle

B.her uncle’s

C.her uncles

D.aunt’s 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。

10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences

B.much experience

C.an experience

D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。

11.A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you

B.your

C.your sister

D.your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。

12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans

B.Germans ,Frenchmans

C.Frenchmans , Germen

D.Germen , Frenchmen

解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组), 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。

14.“Would you like _________?”

“________, please.”

A.drink, Three coffees

B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee

D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用„of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”．因此选C。

15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of

B.earths and stones, millions

C.the earth and stone, million of

D.the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

选择最佳答案：

1． Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives

B.children, life

C.children, lives

D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!

A.my father and mother

B.my mother and father's

C.my mother's and father's

D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Class Third

B.Third Class

C.Class Three

D.Three class 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers

B.Teachers'

C.the Teachers'

D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'

B.half an hour's

C.half an hour

D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?

---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee

B.Two cups of coffe

C.Two cups of coffee

D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun

B.wishes

C.interest

D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child

B.boy

C.boys

D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks

B.two-weeks

C.two weeks'

D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor

B.visitors

C.visitor's

D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?

---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred

C.hundred of

D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject

B.music

C.book

D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place

B.room

C.field

D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool

B.Pork

C.Mutton

D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine

B.lessons

C.photos

D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute

B.minutes'

C.minutes's

D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A.a good news

B.some good news

C.some good newes

D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?

A.street

B.way

C.road

D.address 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles

B.my uncles'

C.my uncle's

D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are

B.is

C.am

D.were 1-5 CBCBB

6-10 CACCD

11-15 ABBCD

16-20 BBBCB 3