第一篇:初中英语名词 教案2
第一章 名词
3.不可数名词
a.不可数名词包括:
物质名词
water
paper milk 抽象名词
ability power youth 液体气体全都是不可数名词
b.物质名词的数量表达方法 ①some , any , much , little , a little +物质名词
some water 一些水 ②数词+表示容器的名词+of+物质名词
a glass of water 一杯水
two glasses of water 两杯水
变复数是改量词并把容器名词变为复数
a piece of paper 一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
c,名词所有格(…的…)。’s ①生物名词所有格
名词+’s +名词
a boy’s pen
a girl’s dress
若第一个名词是以s结尾,则只加 ‘
class’
dress’
②非生物所有格,用of连接
the legs of the chair 椅子腿
③双重所有格
Ⅰ.of +生物所有格或名词性物主代词
a bottle of mine a book of my father’s
Ⅱ.双重所有格的使用场合
1)当被修饰名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般要用双重所有格
I don’t like that big nose of David’s.我不喜欢大卫的那个大鼻子。
Which novel of Dicken’s are you referring to? 你谈的是狄更斯的哪部小说?
Some friends of my brother’s will come,我兄弟的一些朋友要来。
注意:被双重所有格修饰名词前有指示代词时,通常带有一定的感情色彩。(如赞赏、不满、厌恶等)
That little daughter of your cousin’s is really a dear.你表哥的那个小女儿真是逗人爱。
(表赞赏)
That daughter of your cousin’s is constantly complaining.你表哥的那个女儿总是在抱怨
(表厌恶)
另外,被双重所有格修饰的名词前可以用不定冠词,但通常不用定冠词。
可以说:a poem of Shelly’s
a novel if Dicken’s
不可以说:the poem of Shelly’s
the novel of Dicken’s
④非生物所有格和双重所有格在表达的意义上的不同
He is a friend of my father.他是我父亲的一个朋友。
He is a friend of my father’s.他是我父亲的朋友之一。⑤picture、photo等词在of非生物所有格和双重所有格中有不同的含义
This is a photo of my sister.这是一张我姐姐照的照片。
This is a photo of my sister’s.这是我姐姐收藏的照片之一。
a criticism of William’s
威廉提出的批评
a criticism of William
对威廉的批评
第二篇:初中英语名词单复数教案
名词单复数教案
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词:可以用来计数的名词,有单数和复数形式,如:desk-desks, apple-apples等
不可数名词:不可以直接用来计数的名词,没有复数形式,只有单数形式,如:some bread,a little milk等
一、可数名词
1.可数名词复数的规则变化
1)一般名词变复数在其后面加s,如map→maps(地图)2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es,如bus→buses(公共汽车),watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盘子)
3)A.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如baby→babies(婴儿)
B.以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴),holiday→holidays(假期),storey→storeys(楼层);
注意:以y结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加s,如:two Marys, the Henrys 4)以o 结尾的名词变复数时:
A.表示无生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(钢琴),radio→radios(收音机),zoo→zoos(动物园)
B.表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆),tomato→tomatoes(西红柿)巧记:英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。特殊:zero→zeros / zeroes。5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:
A.变f,fe 为v,再加es,如 half→halves(一半),knife→knives(刀子),wife→wives(妻子),life→lives(生命)巧记:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
B.加s的名词有: belief→beliefs(信念),roof→roofs(屋顶)特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
Practice: 1.They come from different ______ A.country
B.countries
C.a country
D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A.tomatos
B.tomatoes C.tomato
D.the tomato 3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes
B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box
D.knives…pencils-boxes 4._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos
B.Tomatoes
C.Tomato 5.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries
B.cherry
C.cherrys 6.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs
B.Foxes…wolfs
C.Foxes…wolves 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women goose---geese(鹅)注意:1)由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,因为German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;由man 或 woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词需要同时变为复数形式,如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors 2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,jin,yuan,mu等。除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式。如:two dollars, two pounds。3)表示“某国人”的复数变化规则
巧记:中日瑞士都不变,英法变,其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Swiss→Swiss;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians 4)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词保留单数形式, 要用连字符连接,例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划
Practice: 1.They are______.A.woman teachers
B.women teachers
C.women teacher
D.woman teacher 2.Would you like _______ ,please?
A.two glass of water
B.two glasses of water
C.two glass of waters
D.two glasses of waters 3.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German
B.German, Germen
C.Germen, Germany
D.Germans, Germany 4.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes
B.photoes … heroes
C.photos … heros 5.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses
B.deers … grass
C.deer … grass 6.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle
B.bowls of noodles
C.bowl of noodles
要注意的问题:
1)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news 为不可数名词。
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,后面谓语动词用复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle 3)只有复数形式的名词 trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子。traffic lights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动),做主语时,谓语动词用复数
4)the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人,如: The Greens like playing tennis.5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
6)名词所有格
1)一般情况下,单数名词的所有格是在词尾直接加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包;复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如men's room 男厕所;若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“ ' ”,如:the workers' desks工人的桌子。
2)表示两人或多人共同拥有某物时,只需在最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词词尾都需加’s John's and Mary's rooms(两间)
John and Mary's room(一间)3)表示时间,距离,国家,团体等无生命的东西的名词,也可+’s , 如,nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work 4)有些名词所有格表示诊所,家,店铺
如,at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s 5)无生命的名词所有格一般用of构成 如,a map of China the name of the city Practice: 1.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling
B.The Green, traveling
C.The Greens, travel
D.The Greens, traveling 2.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people
B.people C.peoples
D.the peoples 3.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples
B.oranges
C.rice
D.eggs
二、不可数名词
1)常见的不可数名词:advice, hair, homework, work,information, knowledge, money, news, progress,health,time,baggage(行李), change(零钱), furniture(家具)
2)不可数名词如何表示数量:通常用“数词+单位词+of”来表示。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
a piece of bread(paper(纸), cloth(布), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat(肉))
a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 当单位词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,单位词需要用复数形式,如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸
3)有些物质名词单复数形式表示不同含义, 如,fruit 水果----fruits各种各样的水果,glass 玻璃----glasses眼镜,玻璃杯,paper 纸----papers 报纸;论文;试卷(a daily paper 日报),coffee 咖啡----four coffees四杯咖啡
可数名词和不可数名词的主谓一致问题:
1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
These pictures are very beautiful.这些画很美。
2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
Two cups of tea are on the table.桌上有两杯茶。
真题重现:
第三篇:初中英语名词讲解
名词
定义:表示人和事物名称的词。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名词的分类:专有名词与普通名词
专有名词表示具体的人,事物,地点,机构,月份,和节日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名词表示某一类人或事物的名词(分为四类)
1个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词(banana, umbrella)
2集体名词:表示相关人或事物构成的集体(class,people,police,family,team)
3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质名词(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名词:表示抽象概念(如品质,情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物质名词因词义发生变化而被用作可数名词(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯饮料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2当抽象名词具体化时(eg: success“成功”为不可数。若译为成功的人或事时为可数名词。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高兴的人或事failure:失败的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美丽的事物 wonder:奇迹surprise:令人感到惊讶的人或事
温馨提示:有时同一个普通名称由于搭配或不同的意义,可以分为不同的类别。Work作“工作”为物质名词不可数,作“作品”为个体名词可数名词
Paper作“纸”为物质名词不可数,作“报纸,试卷,论文”为个体名词可以数 学习小窍门:分辨名词可数还是不可数主要看它是不是一个单个的个体,在里一般不能分割的东西为可数名词。
名词变复数的规则:
1一般情况+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾+es
3以辅音字母y结尾,变y为i+es
4以f, fe,结尾变其为v+es
5以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s
温馨提醒:对于成双成对的东西都只以复数的形式出现(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名词的所有格:
有生命的名词:
1不以s结尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 结尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3复数不以s结尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
无生命的名词:of +名词the door of the classroom
只修饰可数名词的修饰语:
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的修饰语:
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第四篇:初中英语名词练习题
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas
B.photos
C.news
D.stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange
B.oranges, oranges
C.oranges, orange
D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk
B.25 minute’s walk
C.25 minute walk
D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people
B.person
C.the people
D.the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”.应选B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples
B.chickens and apple
C.chicken and apple
D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number
B.rooms’ number
C.room numbers
D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.应选C。
7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family
B.house
C.home
D.room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s
B.Mary and Peter
C.Mary’s and Peter
D.Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle
B.her uncle’s
C.her uncles
D.aunt’s 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。
10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences
B.much experience
C.an experience
D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11.A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you
B.your
C.your sister
D.your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans
B.Germans ,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans , Germen
D.Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组), 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14.“Would you like _________?”
“________, please.”
A.drink, Three coffees
B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee
D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用„of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”.因此选C。
15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of
B.earths and stones, millions
C.the earth and stone, million of
D.the earths and stones, millions 解析:earth 是不可数名词,因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择最佳答案:
1. Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives
B.children, life
C.children, lives
D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!
A.my father and mother
B.my mother and father's
C.my mother's and father's
D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Class Third
B.Third Class
C.Class Three
D.Three class 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers
B.Teachers'
C.the Teachers'
D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'
B.half an hour's
C.half an hour
D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffe
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun
B.wishes
C.interest
D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child
B.boy
C.boys
D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks
B.two-weeks
C.two weeks'
D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor
B.visitors
C.visitor's
D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject
B.music
C.book
D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place
B.room
C.field
D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool
B.Pork
C.Mutton
D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine
B.lessons
C.photos
D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute
B.minutes'
C.minutes's
D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A.a good news
B.some good news
C.some good newes
D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?
A.street
B.way
C.road
D.address 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles
B.my uncles'
C.my uncle's
D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are
B.is
C.am
D.were 1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BBBCB 3
第五篇:初中英语动词教案2
Shall和will的区别比较:
1.shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称,但在现代英语中,will可取代shall,用于各人称,表示将来的动作;
2.shall用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见,语气比较委婉
Shall we start to work?(表示征求对方的意见)我们可以开始工作了么? 3.反义疑问句中
Let’s……,shall we? Let us……,will you? 比较can、could和be able to 1.can的过去式是could,但could 除了可作can的过去式外,还可表比can更委婉的语气,因此在回答由could 表示请求的问句中,不能用could,但可用can。如: —Could you lend me a hand? —Of course I can.2.be able to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。如:
They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.他们过三个月就能自己开这台机器了。
3.在表示成功地做了某事时,不用could,而用be able to He was able to finish the job yesterday。但是couldn't和wasn't / weren't able to 常可互换。如: I couldn't / wasn't able to finish the job yesterday.4.只用be able to
a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。5.could在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might 1.might可做may的过去式,表示过去情况 I was afraid you might not be in.我担心你可能不在家。2.might有时用于现在情况表示推测,可能性比may 小
You might have some fever.你可能有点发烧。
3.may可用于句首,表祝愿 May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!
比较must和have to 1.must表示个人意志和主观上的必要,have表示客观上的必要,“不得不” 2.mustn’t表示禁止,而非不用 You mustn’t smoke here.此处禁止吸烟。3.对于must回答,肯定用yes,you must 否定用no,you needn’t
比较should和ought to(1)表示“应该,应当”“可能”等,两者可互换,只是ought to的语气稍重。
You ought to/should work harder than that.你应当更努力地工作 2)should 强调主观看法,而 ought to 强调客观要求。如:
We ought to go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.我们按理应当在明天去看看住院的母亲的,但我主认为我们不会去。(3)在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should。如:
You shouldn’t run alongside the swimming pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑。
注意ought to的否定式与疑问式。如:
You ought not to do it.你不应该做此事。
—Ought he to start now? 他现在该动身了吗?
—Yes, he ought(to).是的,该动身了。