第一篇:初中英语名词讲解与练习(写写帮整理)
I.名词的数:
II.名词的所有格:
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
2.所有格的用法。
⑴表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格时
twenty minutes’ walk/ a twenty-minute walk
ten miles’ jouney
ten dollars’ worth
two pounds’ worth
⑵无生命的所有格必须用of结构
中国地图
这个学期末
我们国家的首都
这些花的颜色
⑶双重所有格
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友(强调朋友中的一个)a friend of my father(强调所属关系,爸爸的朋友)a leg of the man’s这个男子的一条腿
⑷ 两个名词并列时的所有格。
John and Mary’s room
John’s and Mary’s room
Ⅲ.不可数名词“量”的表达。
1.这个男人有很多钱。
The man has ______________________ money.2.这个男人有一点/一些钱。
The man has ___________ money.3.这个男人有钱么?
Does the man __________ money?
_____________________________________词可以用来修饰不可数名词。
第二篇:初中英语名词讲解
名词
定义:表示人和事物名称的词。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名词的分类:专有名词与普通名词
专有名词表示具体的人,事物,地点,机构,月份,和节日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名词表示某一类人或事物的名词(分为四类)
1个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词(banana, umbrella)
2集体名词:表示相关人或事物构成的集体(class,people,police,family,team)
3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质名词(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名词:表示抽象概念(如品质,情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物质名词因词义发生变化而被用作可数名词(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯饮料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2当抽象名词具体化时(eg: success“成功”为不可数。若译为成功的人或事时为可数名词。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高兴的人或事failure:失败的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美丽的事物 wonder:奇迹surprise:令人感到惊讶的人或事
温馨提示:有时同一个普通名称由于搭配或不同的意义,可以分为不同的类别。Work作“工作”为物质名词不可数,作“作品”为个体名词可数名词
Paper作“纸”为物质名词不可数,作“报纸,试卷,论文”为个体名词可以数 学习小窍门:分辨名词可数还是不可数主要看它是不是一个单个的个体,在里一般不能分割的东西为可数名词。
名词变复数的规则:
1一般情况+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾+es
3以辅音字母y结尾,变y为i+es
4以f, fe,结尾变其为v+es
5以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s
温馨提醒:对于成双成对的东西都只以复数的形式出现(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名词的所有格:
有生命的名词:
1不以s结尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 结尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3复数不以s结尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
无生命的名词:of +名词the door of the classroom
只修饰可数名词的修饰语:
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的修饰语:
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第三篇:初中英语专项讲解与练习之名词专练
名词
关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。
单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a
1.复数的构成方法:(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country--countries。
请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s。如:monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如:knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词:sheep--sheep,fish--fishChinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot--feeth
(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别:German(德国人)—Germans(3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜),这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。如:My clothes are(be)newer than yours.5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理)No news is good news.6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)
不可数名词:1.常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。如:Some bread__________over there.(be)
3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。即:twopiecesof bread
请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示,如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples
名词的格名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“ 's”。如:Tom→Tom's译为“…的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ '”即可。如:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's。如:Children's Day关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's如:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is.A、Kate,myB.Kate's,mineC.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my
第四篇:初中英语 现在进行时 讲解与练习
现在进行时
(1)意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。(2)构成: be(am, is ,are)+动词现在分词-ing形式 肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing(+ 其他)I’m doing my homework now.否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.I’m not doing my homework now.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他? Are you doing your homework now? Yes, I am.No , I’m not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? What are you doing now?(3)现在分词的构成:
(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate →skating
make →making dance → dancing
write → writing have → having ride → riding come → coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: put-putting
begin-beginning
stop-stopping run-running
swim-swimming shop-shopping
sit-sitting
let-letting get-getting
forget-forgetting
一、写出下例动词的现在分词形式
1)give____
2)use ____
3)move____
4)skate___
5)draw____ 6)tell____
7)ring____
8)wear___
9)get____
10)put____
11)hit____
12)stop____ 13)keep____14)hurt____
18)begin____ 19)forget____ 20)save___ _21)close___ 23)carry____
二、将下例句子改成一般疑问句
1)Mike is climbing the hill。
2)We are having an English lesson now。
3)Li Ping is jumping like a monkey。4)The students are reading the text now。
5)I am studying English。
三、将下例句子改成否定句
1)We are having lunch now。
2)You are playing the violin。
15)know___ 22)see____ 2
3)Mary is doing her best to study English well。
4)The students are doing their homework now。
5)Please open the door。
四、用动词的正确时态填空
1)Look, the boy__________(run)fast.2)----What are you doing?
----I_________(do)my homework.3)----_______the students_______(read)English.----Yes, they are.4)Tom_______(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.5)----Who_______(sing)a song?----Li Ying is.6)The girl_______(not eat)bananas now.7)----Where ____ they____(stand)?----They are standing over there.8)----What is Meimei doing now?----She______(watch)TV with her parents.9)He____(study)English very hard.10)We often____(buy)books and things like that in the shop.13)Polly____(not eat)a banana now.五、单项选择
1)Jack is _____with Jim.They are good____.A: running;friend;
B: running;friends;
C: runing;friends
D: run;friend's 2)Look!Mary ____ doing ____ homework.A:is;one's
B:is;her
C:are;his
D:are;her 3)The Greens____supper now.A:is having
B:are;having
C:is haveing
D:are;having 4)The children are____TV.A:watch
B:seeing
C:watching
D:reading 5)Are the boys looking at the blackboard? Yes,they____.A:aren't
B:do
C:don't
D:are 6)There's____girl,she is very tall.A:second
B:two
C:a second
D:all second 7)--Do you have a red pen?Which of the following is wrong?--____.A:Yes;I have one
B:Yes,I have it
C:Yes,I do
D:Sorry,I don't 8)--Excuse me.May I borrow a pen,please?
--____.A:It doesn't matter;
B:Thank you;
C:Certainly,here you are;
D:Not at all.9)The boy is late for class.So he says tO the teacher,“________”.A:I'm sorry
B:Excuse me,May I come in?
C:Let me in,D:I don't want to be late.10)I don't want a red apple.I want____.A:green apple
B:a green
C:a green one
D:one green
答案:
1、B;
2、B;
3、D;
4、C;
5、D;
6、C;a second
不定冠词+序数词表示“又一”;
7、B;因为a red pen是指,而it是特指。
8、C;
9、B;打搅对方的道歉语;
10、C。
答案:
1、giving;
2、esing;
3、moving;
4、skating;
5、drawing;
6、telling;
7、ringing;
8、wearing;
9、getting;
10、putting;
11、hitting;
12、stopping;
13、keeping;
14、hurting;
15、knowing;
16、lying;
17、dying;
18、beginning;
19、forgetting;20、saving;
21、closing;
22、seeing;
23、carrying。
答案:
1、am;talking;are listening;
2、are running;
3、am doing;
4、Are;reading;
5、is not studying;
6、is singing;
7、isn„t eating;
8、Are standing;
9、is plying;
10、is watching;
11、studies;
12、buy;
13、is not eating。
第五篇:初中英语家教重点一般将来时讲解与练习(含答案)
一般将来时讲解与练习
一.一般将来时的定义:-表:将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作.二.一般将来时的标志:
tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天)
next year(明年)
next month(下一个月)
next week(下一个星期)
三.一般将来时的构成:
1.主语+be(am,is,are)going to+动词原形+......例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我将要踢足球.(2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一场电影.2.主语+will/shall+动词原形+.....** ***说明:(1).will/shall有时可以和be going to 互换;
(2).will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I,we.(3).will和shall的后面接动词原形)
例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next month.(I will=I'll)下个月我将要去北京.(2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你将要来看我.(3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她将要读英语.四.句一般将来时的式:
1.肯定句:
(1)..主语+be(am,is,are)going to+动词原形+......(2)..主语+will/shall+动词原形+.....例句和上面一样,就不举了.2.否定句 :
(1)..主语+be(am,is,are)not going to+动词原形+......例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow.明天我不将踢足球.(B).She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year.明年她不将参观上海.(2)..主语+will/shall not+动词原形+.....(A).I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。后天我不将上学了
(B).I will not writemy homeworkthis evening.(will notl=I won't)
今晚我不将写作业
(C).She will not see a movie next week.(will not=won't)
下个星期她将不看一场电影.3.一般疑问句:
(1).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+....例如(A).--Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow?
明天我将去看我的爷爷吗?
--Yes,you are.是的,你将去.(B).--Are you going to listening to the tape tomorrow?
明天你将听录音带吗?
---No,I am not.不,我不将.(C).--Is she going to Beijing next year?明年我将去北京吗?--Yes,she is.是的,她将.(2).Will//shall+主语+动词原形+...例如(A).--Shall we play volleyball next class?下一节课我们将打排球吗?--Yes,you will.是的,你们将.(B).--Will you come here next week?下个星期你将来这儿吗?--Yes,I will.是的,我将.(C).--Will she teach us this term?这学期,她将教我们吗?--Yes,she will.是的,她将.4.特殊疑问句:
(1).What(Where,How...)+be(am,is,are)+主语+going to+动词原形+...? 例如:(A).--What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你将要做什么?--I'm going to the park?我将要去动物园.(B).--Where are you going to swim?你将要去哪儿游泳?--I'm going to swim in the river.(2).What(When,Where,How...)+主语+动词原形+...?
例如:(A).---What will you do next week?下个星期你将要做什么?
---I will do my homework。我将要做作业.(B).--How will she come here tomorrow? 明天她将要怎么来这儿?--She will come here by bus。她将要乘公共汽车来这儿.对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.问人。Who
例如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed?
五.补充说明:
1.有些词如:go(去),come(来),leave(离开),start(开始)用现在进行时表示将来时.例如:(1)She is coming here tomorrow.她明天将要来这儿.(2).When are you leaving here?
你什么时间将要离开这儿?
2.“Be going to+动词原形+...” 表示一个事先考虑好的意图,相当于文中的“打算,计划,准备”
例如:(1).I am going to spend my holiday in Beijing.(这里不能用will)
我打算在北京度假.(2).Where are you going to spend your holiday?
你将要到哪儿度假?
3.客观难以改变的事实,用will,而不用be going to.例如:(1).It will rain tomorrow.明天将要下雨.(2).It will be Teachers' Day the day after tomorrow.后天将是教师节.(3).My birthday will come.我生日将要到了.练习:
一、填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I ________ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?I ______________________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
________ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子。
5.Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11.Today is a sunny day.We __________(have)a picnic this
afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ____________(go)to school on foot.But today is raining.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?
I usually __________(watch)TV and __________(catch)insects?
15.It’s Friday today.What ________she _________(do)this weekend?She _________(watch)TV and _________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(do)you do last Sunday?
I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday?
I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.参考答案
1.am, going, to2.are, you, going, to, do3.Is, going, to, week, is, is, going, to
4.are, going, to5.isn’t6.won’t, or7.Are, you, going8.Will, you
9.What, is, going, to, do10.What, are11.are going to have12.is going
13.goes, is going14.watch, catch15.is, going to do, is going to watch, catch
16.did, picked, are you going to do, am going to milk17.is going to visit
18.flew
20.am planning19.is going to give