第一篇:初一英语语法名词语法讲解及练习题
初一英语语法—名词语法讲解及练习题
专有名词与普通名词
名词按其意义可分为专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(common noun)。
普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
1.专有名词:是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。如:New York纽约 Clinton克林顿
2.类名词:是一类人或物的个体的名称。
如:piano钢琴,doctor医生,ship舰船
3.集体名词:是一些人或物的总称,作主语时可用复形谓语动词。
如:family家庭,army军队
4.物质名词: 是无法分为个体的实物。
如:sugar糖,tea茶,air空气
5.抽象名词: 是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。如:work工作,honesty诚实,courage勇气
注:名词按其可数性分为可数名词(countable nouns)和不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。类名词皆可数,集体名词大都可数,专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词多不可数。
名词的复数形式
1.规则变化:
1)一般加-s
如:map------maps地图 field------fields田地
2)以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词后加-es
如:class---classes班,box---boxes盒子 dish---dishes盘子,match---matches比赛
3)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变为-ves
如:leaf---leaves叶 thief---thieves贼(注:下列词例外 :roofs屋顶,gulfs海湾, belief信仰,信条)
4)以辅音字母 y 结尾,变y为i,再加-es
如:party---parties党 factory---factories工厂(注:元音字母 y 结尾直接加-s: boys男孩 rays光线)
5)以辅音字母 o 结尾,一般加-es
如:potato---potatoes 马铃薯 hero---heroes 英雄(注:某些外来词 以及以元音字母 o结尾的名词,直接加-s: pianos钢琴,photos照片,kilos公斤;radios收音机
2.不规则变化
1)变内部元音。
如: foot---feet脚 man---men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齿 mouse---mice老鼠
2)词尾加-en
如: child---children小孩 ox---oxen公牛
3)形式不变(即单复数一致)
如: deer----deer 鹿 fish---fish 鱼 sheep---sheep羊复合名词的复数形式
由一个简单名词加一个或一个以上的词构成的名词叫复合名词(compound noun)。复合名词变复数时,有以下三种情况:
1.把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式,如: housewife → housewives家庭主妇 film-goer → film-goers爱看电影的人 gentleman → gentlemen先生 schoolroom → schoolrooms教室
2.将主要成分变为复数形式,如: looker-on → lookers-on旁观者 sister-in-law → sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳 passer-by → passers-by过路人 bride-to-be → brides-to-be即将做新娘的人
3.将两个组成部分皆变为复数,这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,如: man doctor → men doctors男医生 woman teacher → women teachers女教师 man cook → men cooks男厨师 woman singer → women singers女歌手
第二篇:初一名词语法+练习题
名词的数(分可数名词和不可数名词)可数名词[c]n.:
1.可数名词有单数和复数之分,单数可是_________来修饰,复数可用______________ ______________________________________及数词等修饰。
2.以o结尾加es的词: _________________________________________________________
3.以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
4.单复数同形有:____________________________________________________________
5.复数名词的有:____________________________________________________________
6.特殊变的有: man-________, child-________, foot-________, mouse-________
不可数名词[u]n.:(1).它不能用_________________修饰,也没有_____________形式,(2).他们可以用_______________________________________________________等修饰。
3.常见的[u]n.有_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
第三篇:初中英语语法讲解整理完整文件-名词
名词
1.1名词的种类:
1)专有名词——表示人名、洲名、国各、地名、山河名、组织机构、节日、月份、星期、称呼、头衔、书报名、(由
普通名词构成的专有名词)如:Michael(迈克尔),Asia(亚有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:room—房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish—鱼(可paper—试卷,报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)4.不可数名词量的表达(2)词尾加(r)en,如:child→(3)单、复数相同。如:sheep→sheep;deer→deer;fish→fish;(4)有些名词只表示复数。如:people, trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜)。
(5)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都用数);鱼肉(不可数)glass—玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)Chinese→;Japanese→。洲),China(中国),Hong Kong(香港),London(伦敦),the Yellow 不可数名词的数量,要借助一个可数名词来表达,其结构
River(黄河),WTO(世贸组织),Christmas Day(圣诞
节),January(一月),Monday(星期一),Dad(爸爸),Mr Brown(布
朗先生),President Obama(奥巴马总统),Harry Potter(哈利·波
特),.the Great Wall(长城)
注意:1.专有名词的第一个字母必须大写2.由普通名词
构成的专有名词前一般要加定冠词the。
2)普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:
book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:(1)个体名
词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book,bike。(2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:
family, class, people, school。(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个
体的实物,如:air, water, paper。(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。
1.2名词的数和计量
考点一:不可数名词
1.分类
不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如
rice,water,milk等)和表示动作、状态、情
况、品质等抽象概念,如work,time,health等)。常考的不可数名词还有:advice,ink,clothing,sugar,news,maths,physics,trouble,weather,traffic,information,homework,fun,progress,experience(经验)等。
2.基本用法
不可数名词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。不
可数名词前面不能使用a或 an。
3.既可数又不可数的名词 为:基数词+单位词+of+不可数名词。如: 复数。如:woman teacher→women teachers女教师;man 一块面包doctor→men doctors男医生。两杯茶twocupsoftea3.可数名词的计量一般直接在其前加 三杯橘汁threeglassesoforange考点二:可数名词变复数 1.3 名词所有 1.规则变化 1.构成(1)一般在词尾加。如:lake→lakes;mouth→mouths;(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法: month→months;arm→arms;key→keys;boy→boys;grown-①一般情况下在名词后加's。如:迈克的汽车 up→grownups;pound→pounds;dollar→dollars。我妈妈的头发Mymother’shair(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加。如:bus→buses;②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。如: 教师节 box→boxes;brush→brushes;sandwich→sandwiches;wish三个小时的步行threehours’walk→wishes;church→churches;glass→glasses;beach→beaches。③不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加's。如:妇女节(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变为,再加如:儿童节factory→factories;library→libraries;city→cities;country(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of+名词”构成。如:我→countries;story→stories;family→families;strawberry→们教室的一张照片a picture of our classroomstrawberries; 一张中国地图[注意] 表示时间、dictionary→dictionaries;party→parties;hobby→hobbies。距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词,也可用's构成(4)以o结尾的大多加s,少数加es。如:zoo→zoos;photo所有格。如:今天的报纸today's newspaper世界人口→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos; kangaroo→kangaroos;hero→heroes;tomato→tomatoes;2.特殊用法 potato→potatoes。(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时,只需在最后一个人的名(5)以f或fe结尾的词,变如:knife字后加's;表示各自所有,则需在每个名词后加's。如: →knives;leaf→leaves;shelf→shelves;half→halves;thief莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西→thieves;wife→wives;wolf→wolves;life→lives。各自的房间2.不规则变化(2)表示“家”、“ 店铺”等处所。如:at Li Lei's在李雷家在不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况: 医生的诊所(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如:foot→feet;tooth→teeth;(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词's” 或 man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen(但:“of+名词性物主代词”。如:我父亲的一本书 a book of my German→Germans)。a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一个朋友
第四篇:名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法
小学英语语法集训之一: 第一课 名词
I.名词分类:可数名词 不可数名词
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)
例如:drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an),表示一个,有复数形式,表示复数概念,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many“很多”+可数名词复数
much“很多”/a little “一点”+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词表示数量时需要用 数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
例:There is much water in the bottle.I'll tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information.2)用单位词表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)
a piece of(一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如two hundred students(200名学生)
ten thousand trees(10000棵树)
考点He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish)
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数
如a desk(一张桌子)
an old desk(一张旧书桌)
2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式 规则变化
1)一般情况下加-s
如book—books, desk—desks, cat-cats, bed-beds 2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box—boxes, bus—buses, brush-brushes, watch-watches 注意①以th结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。
如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化
1)元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不说an English,要说an Englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police
(不说a police,可说a policeman)
5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如: grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了许多水果,china has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)she has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平), sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。练习:
一. 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.this ______ 2.watch______ 3.child ______ 4.photo ______ 5.diary ______ 6.day ______ 7.foot ______ 8.dress ______ 9.tooth ______
10.sheep ______ 11.box ______ 12.peach______ 13.sandwich ______ 14.man ______ 15.woman ______ 16.city ______ 17.zoo ______ 18.country ______ 19.mouse ______ 20.car ______ 21.fox ______ 22.tree ______ 23.horse ______ 24.bus ______ 25.leaf ______ 26.life ______ 27.thief ______ 28.book ______ 二. 按要求填入单词的适当形式
1.Two ______ live in this building.(family)2.Look at those _______.(child)3.I can see a ______ standing near the door.(policeman)4.There are some ______ on the table.(glass)5.Would you like some ______?(bread)6.I have two ______.(sister)7.I like ______.(cat)8.Do you want some ______ for supper?(potato)9.He has two ______.One is old, the other is new.(watch)10.In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground.(leaf)11.I have two _______.(knife)12.There are two ______ in the zoo.(fox)13.There are many ______ on the road.(bike)14.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(child)15.The _____ are playing football now.(student)16.Please take two ______ for me.(photo)17.I like the red _______.(tomato)18.Would you please clean your ______ now?(tooth)19.Do you want some ______?(milk)20.There are ten ______ ______ in our school.(English teacher)三. 选择下列正确的单词或词组。
1.Do you drink much(milk, milks)? 2.I visited(Tom, Tom’s)house yesterday.3.He had two(cup, cups)of tea.4.This is(Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s)house.5.Give me a(piece of, X)paper, please.6.I don’t want(a, an)old cap.7.Look at those(sheep, sheeps).8.There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.9.How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 10.That bag is my(father’s, father’s bag).四. 将下列句子变成复数形式。
1.This is a knife.________________________________ 2.That is a tomato.__________________________________ 3.That child is very lovely._______________________________ 4.An Englishman stood there.______________________________ 五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格 1.a sister ______________________ 2.a boy ___________ 3.today _______ 4.a baby _______ 5.a camel ______ 6.men _______ 7.birds _______ 8.two days _______ 9.John and Mary(两人共有的)_______ 10.John and Mary(两人各自所有的)_________________ 六.选择
1.The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers 2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.toys C.boies 3.A cat has four _____, doesn’t it? A.foots B.feet C.feets 4.There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B.Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A.fish B.books C.horse 6.The _____ has two _____.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch 7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans 8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths 9.I saw many ______ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s 10.The green shirt is his _____.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 11.They come from different _____.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 12.How many _____ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 13.They are _____.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 14.Would you like _____, please?
A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 15.There are some _____ in these _____.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes 16._____ you _____ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 17.I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 18.There is no _____ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 19.My uncle has three _____.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 七.用’s或s’替换下列词组 1.the leg of the boy _______________ 2.the key of the girl _____________________ 3.the tail of the cat __________________ 4.the friend of my father’s ________________ 5.the toys of the boy _______________________ 6.the songs of the birds _______________________ 7.The servants of the queen _______________________ 8.the shirts of the men _____________________________ 9.the violin of the girl __________________________ 10.the pen of John _____________________________
第五篇:初一Unit3语法练习题及答案
一、练一练,用介词填空
1.Thetwinsareclimbing_________thetrees.2.Pleasego_____theroadtotheend.3.Thebustravels_________Wuxi______Nanjing.4.Yourparentsarewalking_________thestairs.5.Look!YourEnglishteacheriswalking______thelibrary.6.Walk_______thetablemanytimes,youwillfeeluncomfortable.7.Therearetwoboatsgoing________thebridge.8.Manykitesareflying______thebuilding.二、看一看,填动词。
1.We___________(have)apicniconthebeachthisevening.2.Simon__________(go)toXiangshantomorrow.3.They__________(meet)attheschoolgatethedayaftertomorrow.4.We_________(visit)ourgrandparentsnextMonday.5.Danielisill,we________(see)himtomorrow.三.、选择填空
1.Amanisgoing_______theshop.A.overB.onC.intoD.between
2.Don’tlook______ofthewindow.A.inB.intoC.outD.of
3.Tomisill.Hemuststay_______bed.A.onB.inC.atD.under
4.Theshelfis_____theleftofthepark.A.inB.nearC.besideD.on
5.Thestudentsaregoing_______theroad.A.acrossB.onC.through
6.Abusisgoing_______atunnel.A.crossB.throughC.across
7ThissummerI________anotherroute.A.takeB.willtakeC.istaking
8Areyougoingtoseethedoctortomorrow?
A.Yes,youare.B.Yes.Iam.C.Yes,Iwill.9.WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?
A.IvisitmyuncleB.IamgoingtotheparkC.Ivisitedtheschool.【试题答案】
一、介词填空
1.up/down 2.along 3.fromto 4.up/down 5.into
6.around7.through8.over
二、根据要求变换句子
1.will/aregoingtohave
2.willgo/isgoing
3.will/aregoingtomeet
4.will/aregoingtovisit
5.will/aregoingtosee
三、单项选择
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A6.B7.B8.B9.B