第一篇:最新苏教版 初中英语8B UNIT3 讲解
Unit 3
1、look like指外表“看起来像”,既可指人也可指物。
• • • • That man looks like our English teacher.那个人像我们的英语老师。
The strange thing looks like a plate.那个奇怪的东西看起来像一个碟子。
2、chat with sb和某人聊天 或者have a chat with sb He likes chatting with an outgoing person.他喜欢与性格外向的人聊天。
3、send v.发送,常用结构send sth to sb意为“把某物寄/送给某 人”,相当于send sb sth.I often send some cards to my friends at Christ mas.= I often send mv friends some cards at Christmas.圣诞节我经常给我的朋友寄一些卡片。
4、receive 作及物动词,意为“收到,接到”,对应词为send“发 送”。receive emails意为“接收邮件”。
• I received many gifts on my birthday.生日那天,我收到了 许多礼物。
receive 指“收到”、“接到”,表示一种被动的行为;而accept 指“接受”,表示的是一种主动的行为,并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味。
He received the present, but he didn’t accept it.他收到了礼物,但没有接受。
5、What...for?……用来询问目的或功能,当作为询问理由讲时,相当于why。
• What did you do that for? = Why did you do that?你为什么那样做?
6、click为动词,意为“点击”。作为及物动词时,后直接接名词,表示“点击……”。click相当于click on。
• • • Please click the picture.请点击一下照片。
7、world-famous adj.世界著名的;举世闻名的
Xi'an is a world-famous city for her ancient culture.西安是一座举世闻名的文化古城。
8、southern 南方的;南部的。作形容词,意为“南方的”,其名词为south,表示 “南方;南部”。She lives in southern Italy.她住在意大利南部。
south更强调位置或方向,指南面的,或南面方向的。如south pole(南极),South China Sea(南海),south wind(南风)southern则偏重区域或部位,指南部,南方等。如southern China(华南),southern style(南方风格)
9、thousands of数以千计的。用来表示不确定的数目时,thousand应变为复数,且在后面加s;但当thousand 前有具体数字时,则不能用复数形式。
• • Thousands of students like his songs.成千上万的学生喜欢他的歌。
10、see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事
When I passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it.我路过肯德基时,看见里面有很多孩子在吃汉堡和箬条。
see sb do sth,意为“看见某人做了某事”,强调动作发生的全过程。同样用法的还有,hear、notice、watch等
11、huge是形容词,意为“巨大的”;反义词是tiny.• No one can lift the huge stone.谁也搬不起这块大石头。
huge,big与large的区别
huge强调体型,而不是重量。big指具体事物,多指体积大,还可表示“巨大的,伟大的,重要的”等意思,其反义词是little或small。large多指面积之大、人口之多。
12、several意为“几个;数个”,同义词为a few或者some,后接可数名词复数。
• This may take several years to build these houses.建成这些房子也许要几年。
13、relax作动词,意为“放松”,其形容词为relaxing“使人放松的”和relaxed“感到放松的”。• • How do you often relax yourself? 你常常怎样放松自己?
14、be famous for...是固定搭配,意为“因……而出名”,相当于be known for。Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.桂林以其美丽的风景而著名。be famous as“作为……而著名”,后接表示职位、名称的词。
be famous for“因……而著名”,后接表人或事物某方 面特点、特长的词。
15、so much for sth关于就讲这么多,到此为止
• • • • So much for the new words.生词就学到这里.16、pick作及物动词,在这里表示“挑选”。pick作动词,还可表示“采;摘”。You can pick the books you like.你可以挑选你喜欢的书。Grandpa is picking apples in the garden.爷爷正在果园摘苹果。
17、(be)filled with...被填满,表示状态,相当于be full of
The basket is filled with apples.= The basket is full of apples.篮子里装满了苹果。
18、more than是固定词组,意为“不止……;超过……”,用在数词前相当于over,其反义短语为less than“少于”。
• • • • More than one girl is there.不止一个女孩在那儿。
19、take part in参与,参加
Are you going to take part in the discussion?你打算参加这次讨论吗?
20、dream 作动词,意为“梦,梦见”,常构成短语(dream of/ about,意为“梦想;想象”。The boy dreams of becoming a pilot.那个男孩一心想当飞行员。
21、if引导条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时态、从句用一般现在时表将来。
If you don’t hurry up, you'll miss the train.如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
22、Australian 作形容词,意为“澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的”,其名词形式Australia意为“澳大利亚”。
• • • Is Jim an Australian hoy?吉姆是澳大利亚男孩吗?
23、opposite n.对立的人(或物)
What's the opposite of white?与白色相对的颜色是什么?
opposite作介词,意为“在...的对面”。
The bank is opposite the bus stop.银行名公交车站的对面。
24、mind vt.&vi.介意,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。常用句型:Would you mind doing...?表示“你介意做...吗?”
• Do you mind turning up the radio a little?你介意把收音机音量调大一点吗?
25、my pleasure不客气,很乐意效劳,是常用的交际用语,通常用对别人道谢的回答,相当于You’re welcome。
thank you 和sorry在英语口语中使用频率很高,它们的答语有些是相同的,有些却只能用于其中的一种情况。现简述如下:
1)两种情况均可使用的应答语:
Not at all./ That's all right./ That's OK./ It's nothing./ Don't mention it./ Forget it./ No problem.2)只能用于thank you 的答语:
It's a pleasure./ You are welcome./ My pleasure.3)只能用于sorry的答语:
It doesn't matter./ Never mind.26、book在此处为动词,意为“预订,常指“订(房间、车票)等”。
• I have booked a room on the website of a famous international hotel chain.我已经在一家著名国际连锁宾馆的网站上预订了一个房间。• • Could you book me on that flight? 你能为我预订那一班 飞机吗? Can I book tickets for the concert? 我能预订音乐会的票吗?
27、called表示“被称为/叫作”,相当于named,在句子中作后罝定语修饰前面的名词.如,I like the cat called/named Mimi.我喜欢这只叫咪咪的猫。
动词短语,call sb/sth sth 如:call the panda Xiwang; call her
28、be made up of...是动词短语,意为“由…组成”。
• Our class is made up of fifty students.我们班由五十名学生组成„ 常用短语①be made of...表示“由……制成(能看出原材料)”。②be made from...表示“由……制成(看不出原材料)”。③be made in...表示“某物是某地制造的”。
④he made into...表示“(某种原料)可以制成(某种成品”
29、prepare for sth为某事做准备,表示准备的目的。
• How do I prepare for the exams?我应该怎样备考?
prepare作动词,意为“准备;预备”。①prepare to do sth准备做某事
②prepare sth意为“准备某事”,后接名词或代词作宾语,表示准备的内容。③prepare sb sth意为“为某人准备某物”,也可转换为prepare sth for sb。
第二篇:初中英语名词讲解
名词
定义:表示人和事物名称的词。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名词的分类:专有名词与普通名词
专有名词表示具体的人,事物,地点,机构,月份,和节日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名词表示某一类人或事物的名词(分为四类)
1个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词(banana, umbrella)
2集体名词:表示相关人或事物构成的集体(class,people,police,family,team)
3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质名词(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名词:表示抽象概念(如品质,情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物质名词因词义发生变化而被用作可数名词(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯饮料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2当抽象名词具体化时(eg: success“成功”为不可数。若译为成功的人或事时为可数名词。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高兴的人或事failure:失败的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美丽的事物 wonder:奇迹surprise:令人感到惊讶的人或事
温馨提示:有时同一个普通名称由于搭配或不同的意义,可以分为不同的类别。Work作“工作”为物质名词不可数,作“作品”为个体名词可数名词
Paper作“纸”为物质名词不可数,作“报纸,试卷,论文”为个体名词可以数 学习小窍门:分辨名词可数还是不可数主要看它是不是一个单个的个体,在里一般不能分割的东西为可数名词。
名词变复数的规则:
1一般情况+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾+es
3以辅音字母y结尾,变y为i+es
4以f, fe,结尾变其为v+es
5以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s
温馨提醒:对于成双成对的东西都只以复数的形式出现(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名词的所有格:
有生命的名词:
1不以s结尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 结尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3复数不以s结尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
无生命的名词:of +名词the door of the classroom
只修饰可数名词的修饰语:
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的修饰语:
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第三篇:初中英语感叹句讲解
感叹句结构及用法
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导,“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由“what”引导的感叹句:
“what”意为“多么”用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是:
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.如:
① What a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘呀!
③ What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子呀!
⑤ What delicious food it is!多么有味的食物呀!
二、由“how”引导的感叹句:
“how”意为“多么”,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:
How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语.如: ① How cold it is today!
今天多么冷呀!
② How nice the pictures are!
多么漂亮的图画呀!
③ How happy they look!
他们显得多么高兴呀!
三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用“what”引导,也可用“how”引导。如:
① What a hot day it is!
How hot the day is!
多么热的天气呀!
② What tall buildings they are!
How tall the buildings are!
多么高的楼房呀!
四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如: ① What a fine day!多么晴朗的天呀!
② What an honest boy!多么诚实的孩子呀!
③ What red apples!多么红的苹果呀!感叹句巧解:感叹句要看后面,即看形容词后的东东,1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。2)若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西,想都不用想,直接用how就OK了。如:
例句1:What a good
boy he is!他是个多么好的男孩啊!
/
形容词
单数名词
例句2:What
good
boys they are!他们是多么好的男孩啊!
/
形容词
复数名词
例句3:What
cold
weather it is!多么冷的天气啊!
/
形容词
不可数名词
例句4:How good
the boy is!这男孩多好啊!
/
形容词
乱糟糟
★★★ 若没有形容词,而出现副词或是句子,直接用how.例:How well he plays the guitar!他吉他弹得多好啊!
/
副词
(what不可以修饰副词,看到副词直接用how)
How time flies!
How fast Liu Xiang runs
打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看
形容词后是名单
就用what a或what an
形后若是不可数或名复数
只用what就可以
形容词后乱糟糟
只写how就OK了
【指点迷津】
◆what通常修饰名词,引导的感叹句的结构为:
1.What + a(n)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他!2.What +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语+其他!3.What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他!◆how通常修饰副词或形容词,引导的感叹句的结构为: 1.How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语!2.How +主语+谓语!
感叹句专项练习
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!2).________cute dog it is!3).________ interesting the story is!4).________ bad the weather in England is!5).________ honest boy Tom is!
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8).________ exciting news you've brought us!9).________cool your new car is!10).________ scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。
1._______ fast the boy ran!A.How B.How an
C.What D.What an 2._______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!A.How, how B.What, whatC.How, what D.What, how 3.________ delicious the soup is!I’d like some more.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an
4.___ fools they were!They believed what the man said.A.How B.How an C What D.What an 5._______ foolish they were!They believed what the man said.A.How B.How an
C.What D.What an 6.___ difficult questions they are!I can’t answer them.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 7.I miss my friend very much._____ I want to see her!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 8._______ lovely weather we are having these days!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 9._______ beautiful your new dress is!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 10._______ interesting work it is to teach children!A.How B.How anC.What D.What an
三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句:
1.The boy swam very fast.(同义句)_______ _______ the boy swam!2.The school trip is very exciting.(同义句)_____ ______ the school trip is!3.Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter.(同义句)___ ___ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4.It is a very useful dictionary.(同义句)_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!5.The students are listening very carefully.________ ________ the students are listening!
答案:
一、What,What a, How, How,What an,What, What a, What, How, How
二、BAACA
CACAC
三、1.How fast
2.How exciting
3.How beautiful
4.What a useful, How useful the
5.How carefully
第四篇:初中英语短语总结及讲解
初中英语短语总结及讲解、练习
A:
a bit常用来修饰形容词、动词,有时还可以和for 连用,表示“一会儿”、“一些时间”等意义。例如:She is a bit cold and tired now.他现在既有点冷又有点累。Let’s rest for a bit.我们休息一会儿吧。辨析:a little 也有“一些”“有点儿”的意思,有时可与a bit 换用,但他们的否定形式的意思却全然不同,not a little 意为“very”, not a bit 意为”not …at all例如:They were not a little angry at the news.他们听到这个消息时非常生气。I am not a bit hungry right now.我现在一点也不饿。A bit 之间常加little,意义与a bit 一样。例如:They are feeling a little bit better now.他们现在感觉好一些。
a few意为“一些”、“几个”,指数量不多,相当于a small number of 的意思。
例如:He asked us a few question.他问了我们几个问题。a few还可以用作代词,例如:I have hundreds of books.A good few、quite a few 和not a few 是相当多的意思。例如:She has written hundreds of books but I have only read a few.辨析:a little 修饰不可数名词a few修饰可数名词例如:There is only a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。Only a few news reporters are waiting outside.little 和 few 都表示否定。
a group of 一群、一组、一批(可数)后面跟可数名词的复数形式,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:A group of children were playing hide-and-seek then.当时一群孩子在做迷藏。They found a small group of soldiers hidden in the cave.他们发现岩洞里躲藏着一小组士兵。Group 还有“类”、“型”(可数)的意思。例如:Wheat belongs to the grain group.小麦属于谷类。
a lot of 后面可跟可数名词复数,也可以跟不可数名词。用作主语时,of后跟可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;of后跟不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:There are a lot of students in the dinning hall.饭厅里有许多学生。There is a lot of water on the sports field.运动场上有许多水。
a lot of 可以用lots of 代替,其用法与a lot of 一样,有时a lot、lots 可以单独使用。例如:She brought lots of clothes from New York.她从纽约带来许多衣服。She gave the boys lots(a lot)to eat.她给了男孩好多东西吃。a lot 还可以用作状语,意为“很多”,表示程度。例如:I have thought about it a lot recently.关于此事最近我想了很多。He isfeeling a lot better now.他现在感觉好多了。辨析:many和much 也有许多的意思,但用法与a lot of 有区别。many 修饰可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;much 修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。a lot of
第五篇:初中英语动词不定式讲解试
初中英语动词不定式讲解
一、作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
1.To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2.It’s dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once.我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容,这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如:All I did was wait here.我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
He has decided to go to the countryside.他已决心去乡下。
四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask.我真不知道该问谁。
五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone.她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词)+ to do sth”结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him.我发现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next.我正愁下一步该怎么办。
八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read.我有许多书要读。
此时,如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold room to live in.我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到,最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today.今天我们没有时间去城里。
十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you.见到你,我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide.这得由她来决定。(表语)
There are many books for you to read.这有许多书供你阅读。(定语)
The book ids too difficult for children to read.这本书太难了,孩子们看不懂。(结果状语)
不定式复合结构作主语时,需注意:
It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时,用介词for。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。(游泳这件事情危险)
当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时,用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人:good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
It was careless of you to do that.你这么做真粗心。(你这个人粗心)
十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等
Many people like to watch others play games.许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to;help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无
She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come.她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day.那时每天都听到他唱歌.十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等
形式为: ask sb to do sth
Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?
I would prefer you not to come tomorrow.我宁愿你明天不要来.He ask the driver to stop the motobike.他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:
①like to do sth
like doing sth
②stop to do sth
stop doing sth
③remember to do sth
remember doing sth
④forget to do sth
forget doing sth
十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等
十九、不定式的特殊句型too„to„
①too„to
太„以至于„
He is too excited to speak.他太激动了,说不出话来。
----Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
----Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
②如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意 为“不太”。
It's never too late to mend.(谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
③当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常„ 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。
二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:“为什么不„„?” “干吗不„„?” 例如:
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
练习
根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确 1.They usually __________ kites on Sundays.(fly)2.Look!The dogs __________ after the cat.(run)3.Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here.(teach)4.The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon.(hold)5.You should let him __________ the work by himself.(finish)6.Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week.(go)7.Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term.(teach)8.My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow.(come)9.It’s seven o’clock now.The Greens __________ breakfast together.(have)10.Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China.(learn)11.Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room.(close)12.After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom.(clean)13.English __________ widely in the whole world today.(speak)答案
1.fly, 2.are running, 3.has taught, 4.was held, 5.finish, 6.goes / went, 7.taught, 8.is going to come / is coming / will come / comes 9.are having, 10.has learned, 11.to close, 12.cleaning, 13.is spoken 初中英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?
2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?
3.当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如:
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗?
4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I ,而不是am not I(可用am I not)。例如:
I'm working now, aren't I? 我在工作,是吗?
5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?
7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?
8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?
9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:
He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?
10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?
11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:
You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?
12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
13.当陈述部分含I think(believe, suppose...)that...结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?
15.陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?
16.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?
17.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?
初中英语连词讲解
连词: 从属连词和并列连词
(一)从属连词:用于连接各种从句的连词
(二)并列连词:
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
1.表并列关系的and, both„and, not only„but also, neither„nor等。
2.表选择关系的or, either„or等。
3.表转折关系的but, while(然而)等。
4.表因果关系的for, so等。
5.and: “和”在肯定句中表并列
or: “和”在否定句中表并列
另外:1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句
2)or “否则”
eg.①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?
②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.6.but “但是”表转折
eg.I listened, but I heard nothing.注意:1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用
2)not „ but 不是„而是
eg.This book isn’t mine but yours.both„ and : 既„又(连接主语为复数)
neither„nor: 既不„也不 连接两主
7.either„or: 或者„或者 语后者决
not only „ but also:不但„而且 定单、复
eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.