品质英语

第一篇：品质英语

英文缩写

中文名称

英文全名

SPC

统计过程控制

Statistical Process Control USL

规格上限

Upper Specification Limit LSL

规格下限

Lower Specification Limit UCL

管制上限

Upper control limit LCL

PCL UPCL LPCL ANOVA BSC CI

CTQ DPMO DPM DPU DFSS DOE

FMEA

管制下限

Lower control limit

前置管制中心限

Per-control Central Limit

前置管制上限

Upper Per-control Limit

前置管制下限

Lower Per-control Limit

变异数分析

Analysis of Variance

平衡计分卡

Balanced Scoreboard

信赖区间

Confidence interval

管制图

Control chart

质量关键

Critical to quality

百万个机会的缺点数 Defects per million opportunities

每百万单位的缺点数 Defects per million

单位缺点数

Defects per unit

六个希格玛设计

Design for six sigma

实验设计

Design of experiment

制造设计

Design of manufacturing

故障模式与失效分析 Failure mode and effect analysis

故障率

Failure rate

Gage R & R 量规重复能力与重制能力Gage repeatability & reproducibility

直方图

Histogram

假设检定

Hypothesis testing KM

知识管理

Knowledge Management MRP

物料需求规划

Material require planning

QFD σ

σ, s

σ2, SABC

BTF

BTO

CPM

CPM

CRM

CRP

CS

CTO

DVT

DSS

EC

常态分配

Normal distribution

质量机能展开

Quality function deployment 六个希格玛

Six Sigma 标准差

Standard deviation 变异数

Variance

作业制成本制度

Activity-Based Costing 计划生产

Build To Forecast

订单生产

Build To Order

要径法

Critical Path Method

每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨Complaint per Million 客户关系管理

Customer Relationship Management

产能需求规划

Capacity Requirements Planning

顾客满意度

Customer Satisfaction

客制化生产

Configuration To Order

设计验证

Design Verification Testing 决策支持系统

Decision Support System

设计变更／工程变更 Engineer Change

EC

电子商务

Electronic Commerce EMC

电磁相容

Electric Magnetic Capability EOQ

基本经济订购量

Economic Order Quantity ERP

企业资源规划

Enterprise Resource Planning FMS

弹性制造系统

Flexible Manufacture System FQC

成品质量管理

Finish or Final Quality Control IPQC

制程质量管理

In-Process Quality Control IQC

进料质量管理

Incoming Quality Control

ISO

国际标准组织

International Organization for Standardization ISAR

首批样品认可

Initial Sample Approval Request JIT

实时管理

Just In Time

MES

制造执行系统

Manufacturing Execution System MO

制令

Manufacture Order

MPS

主生产排程

Master Production Schedule MRO

请修(购)单

Maintenance Repair Operation MRP

物料需求规划

Material Requirement Planning MRPII

制造资源计划

Manufacturing Resource Planning NFCF

更改预估量的通知 Notice for Changing Forecast OEM

委托代工

Original Equipment Manufacture ODM

委托设计与制造

Original Design & Manufacture OPT

最佳生产技术

Optimized Production Technology OQC

出货质量管理

Out-going Quality Control PDCA

PDCA管理循环

Plan-Do-Check-Action PO

订单

Purchase Order QA

质量保证

Quality Assurance QC

质量管理

Quality Control QCC

品管圈

Quality Control Circle QE

质量工程

Quality Engineering RMA

退货验收

Returned Material Approval ROP

再订购点

Re-Order Point

SCM

供应链管理

Supply Chain Management SFC

现场控制

Shop Floor Control SO

订单

Sales Order

SOR

特殊订单需求

Special Order Request TOC

限制理论

Theory of Constraints

TPM

全面生产管理

Total Production Management TQC

全面质量控制

Total Quality Control TQM

全面质量管理

Total Quality Management WIP

在制品

Work In Process QE

品质工程Quality Engineering QA

品质保证 Quality Assurance PCs

Pieces个（根、块等）

CTN

Carton卡通箱

PAL

Pallet/ski栈板 PO

Purchasing Order采购订单

MO

Manufacture Oder生产单

D/C

Date Code生产日期码 ^ Cy#R3r ID/C

Identification Order（供应商）识别码

L/N

Lot Number批号 P/N

Part Number料号

OEM 原设

备

制

造

Original QTY

Quantity数量

NG

Not Good不行，不合格

C=0

Critical=0极严重不允许

APP

Approve核准，认可，承认

CHK

Check确认

ASSY

Assembly装配，组装

LRR

Lot Reject Rate批退率 1 Accuracy 准确度 2 Action 行动Activity 活动 Analysis Covariance 协方差分析 5 Analysis of Variance 方差分析 6 Approved 承认Attribute 计数值Average平均数

Equipment

Manufacture 9 Balance sheet 资产负债对照表Binomial 二项分配 Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图(鱼骨图)13 CL:Center Line 中心线Check Sheets 检查表Complaint 投诉 Conformity 合格（符合）Control 控制 Control chart 控制(管制)图Correction 纠正 Correlation Methods 相关分析法 CPI: continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表 CS: Customer Sevice 客（户）服（务）中心DSA: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统Data 数据

Description:品名 26 DCC: Document Control Center 文控中心Decision 决策、判定Defects per unit 单位缺点数Description 描述Device 装置 31 Do 执行

DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计

Element 元素

Engineering recbnology 工程技 35 Environmental 环境

Equipment 设备

Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数

EV: Equipment Variation 设备变异

External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷

FA: Failure Analysis 失效分析

Fact control 事实管理

Fatigue 疲劳

FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析

FPY: First-Pass Yield（第一次通过）合格率

FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证

FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制

Gauge system 测量系统

Grade 等级

Histogram 直方图

Improvement 改善 51 Initial review 先期审查

Inspection 检验 53 Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷

IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制

IQC: Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制

IS International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织

LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限

LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制

LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限

Machine 机械

Manage 管理

Materials 物料

Measurement 测量

Median 中位数

MSA: Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析

Occurrence 发生率

Operation Instruction 作业指导书

Organization 组织

Parto 柏拉图

PPMarts per Million（百万分之）不良率

Plan 计划

Policy 方针

Population 群体

PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证 75 Practice 实务(践)76 Prevention 预防

Probability 机率

Probability density function 机率密度函数

Procedure 流程

Process 过程

Process capability analysis 制程能力分析（图）

Process control and Process capability制程管制与制程能力

Product 产品

Production 生产

Projects 项目

QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证

QC: Quality Control 品质控制

QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程

QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开(法)90 Quality 质量

Quality manual 品质手册

Quality policy 品质政策(质量方针)93 Random experiment 随机试验

Random numbers 随机数

R:Range 全距（极差）

Reject 拒收 97 Repair 返修

Repeatusility 再现性

Reproducibility 再生性

Requirement 要求

Responsibilities 职责

Review 评审

Reword 返工

Rolled yield 直通率

RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数

Sample 抽样,样本

Sample space 样本空间

Sampling with replacement 放回抽样

Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样

Scatter diagram 散布图分析

Scrap 报废

Simple random sampling 简单随机取样

Size 规格

SL: Size Line 规格中心线

Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样

SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书

SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制

Specification 规范 119 SQA: Source(Supplier)Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证

Stage sampling 分段随机抽样

Standard Deviation 标准差

Sum of squares平方和

Taguchi-method 田口(试验)方法

Theory 原理

TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制

TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理

Traceablity 追溯

Training 培训

UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制（控制）上限

USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限

Validation 确认

Variable 计量值

Verification 验证

Version 版本

VOC: Voice of Customer 客户需求

VOE: Voice of Engineer 工程需求

Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告 138 Sales order report:出货报告

第二篇：电子厂品质相关英语解释

电子厂品質相关英語解释

QA:Quality Assurance品質保證 CE:Component Engineer零件工程師 QE:Quality Engineer品質工程師

QVL:Qualified Vendor List合格廠商名單 QC:Quality Control品質控制

AQL:Acceptable Quality Level允收品質水準 TQM:Total Quality Management全面品質管理 TQC:Total Quality Control全面品質控制 QCC:Quality Control Circle品管圈

MRB:Material Review Board材料檢討會議 IQC:Incoming Quality Control進料品質控制 IPQC:In Process Quality Control制程品質控制 FQC:Final Quality Control最終品質控制

CQA:Customer Quality Assurance客戶品質保證 SPC:Statistics Process Control統計製程控制

第三篇：如何用英语描述商品品质

如何用英语描述商品品质

商品品质决定交易本质上的价值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。

贸易上的品质决定方法有：凭样品买卖，凭标准买卖，凭规格买卖等。下面我们来看看品质的表达发。

[品质优良]：quality is excellent/ superior/ very good/ fine/ best/ high/ wonderful/ supreme/ attractive [品质低劣]：quality is bad/ inferior/ not good/ poor/ imperfect/ defective/ faulty/ second-rate/ lower/ unsatisfactory [品质保证]：retain the good quality;keep up to the standard quality;obtain a good quality;attain the best quality;secure an excellent quality [物品以达标准品质]：An article is up to the standard quality;An article is of the same quality as the standard;An article is equal to the standard quality;An article is the same as the standard quality [物品在标准以下]：An article is below the standard [物品在标准以上]：An article is above the standard [物品和样品一致]：An article is up to the sample;An article corresponds with the sample;An article is equal to the sample.-average quality 标准品质

We would like to buy 500 tons of average quality corn.-customary quality 一般品质

The quality of the goods shipped is customary quality.-best quality, prime quality, first-rate quality 最佳品质 The goods supplied shall only be those of best quality.-quality inspection certificate 品质检验证书

Please be sure to attach a quality inspection certificate.-difference in quality 品质上的差异

There is a big difference in quality between the trial order and the order of this time.-guarantee of quality 品质保证

We request a guarantee of quality for a period of one year on all the goods you sell.-sacrifice quality 降低品质

If you sacrifice the quality and deliver goods of imperfect quality to us, well will refuse acceptance of them.如何用英语描述行情 市况上扬

The market advances.The market gains.The market rises.市况下挫

The market declines.The market falls.The market loses.市况活跃 The market booms.The market is excited.The market becomes active.The market becomes brisk.市况暴跌停滞

The market slumps.The market becomes dull.The market breaks down.市况走势上扬，市况攀升走高

The market is on the up grade.The market is on an upward trend.The market tends upward.市况走势下跌，市况下划走低

The market is on the down grade.The market tends downward.The market is on a downward trend.The market takes downward.市况狂跌

The market declines.The market drops.The market sags.市况暴涨 The market jumps.The market advances.The market soars.[动词]上扬情况

The market improves(好转)/ picks up(扬升)/ hardens(转趋坚俏)/ stiffens(坚挺)/ revives(复苏)/ rebounds(反弹)/ regains(恢复)/ rallies(重振).下跌趋势

The market collapses(崩溃)/ relaxes(疲软).行情波动

The market fluctuates(波动).[形容词]上扬情况

The market is strong(强劲)/ firm(坚稳)/ exciting(活跃)/ advancing(爬升)/ healthy(健康).下跌趋势

The market is weak(疲软)/ soft(疲软)/ easy(缓慢).平稳不变

The market is quite(静止)/ calm(平静)/ unchanged(不变)/ steady(平稳)/ supported(平持)报价后 跟进的英文邮件如何写

在现实中，我发现很多客户发来询盘后，我及时给予报价，可报价后就一直没见客户的反应，没见有订单，像这种情况应该如何处理？应该写什么内容的邮件去给客户以进一步跟进呢？应该在发出报价后几天内发出邮件比较合适呢？

I

Dear Hugo Chu, How are you? Wish everything well with you and your esteemed company!

We are in receipt of your letter dated Aug 10, and as requested was expressed you 3 catalogues for our refrigeration goods.We hope they will reach you in due course and will help you in making your selection.Wish we will promote business as well as friendship!Best wishes!Aaron II

我觉得先写邮件问清情况，简单的询问，如HAVE YOU RECEIVED MY P/I, IS THERE ANY QUESTION OR PROBLEM WITH YOU? 再问何时开L/C 或汇订金过来……

如客户没回复，那你应该(很有必要)打个电话过去问清情况，是价格问题？市场临时发生改变？客户是中间商，还在等最终客户的确认？还是其它问题？

然后根据情况做一些措施看能否挽回这一张订单。

III

Dear Sir, Good morning!Hope you have got a wonderful weekend!

For several days no news from you, my friend.Now I am writing for reminding you about our offer for item of...dated...according to your relative inquiry.Have you got(or checked)the prices or not?(You can add some words to introduce your advantage of your product or something else to attract the customer).Any comments by return will be much appreciated.It will be our big pleasure if we have opportunities to be on sevice of you in near future.Looking forward to your prompt response, Thanks and best regards, Yours Faithfully If still no any response, you can write another one about one or two month later:

Dear Sir, How are you? Hope everything is ok with you all along.Now I am writing for keeping in touch with you for further business.If any new inquiry, welcome here and I will try my best to satisfy you well with competitive prices as per your request.By the way, how about your order(or business)with item? If still pending I would like to offer our latest prices to promote an opportunity to cooperate with each other.Thanks and best regards 单证工作常用英语词汇缩写 @ at每；以(价格)& and和,与

AA Automatic Approval 自动许可证

a.a after arrival 到达以后

A.A.R.； aar； Against all risks 承保一切险

abt.about 大约

A/C.Account Current 往来帐户

A/C.Account 帐户，帐

Acc.Acceptance 承兑；Accepted 接受；account 帐户；Accident 意外事故(保险用语)acpt.acceptance 承兑

ACN.Air Consignment Note 空运托运单

A/D.after date 期后

A.D.anno domini(L.)公元(后)6 ad；advt.advertisement 广告

Adval.Ad valorem(according to value)从价计算

add.Address 住址

adv.advice 通知

A.F.Advanced freights 预付运费

A.F.B.air freight bill 空运提单

Ag.Agreement 同意；Agent 代理人

amt.amount 金额；总数；共计

anon.anonymous 不记名

a/c；acc/o account of...某人帐户

a/or and/or 与/或

A/P Authority to Purchase 委托购买证

a.p, additional premium 附加费

A/P；a.p.Additional Premium 附加保险费；额外保险费

A.P.L.；a.p.l.As per list 按照表所列出的app.appendix 附录

approx.approximately；approximate 大约

Apr.April 四月

A.R.All Risks 一切险

arr.arrival；arrived 抵达

a.s after sight 见票后

a/s.alongside 船边

ass mt.assortment 各种类；各色

asst.assorted 分类；花式搭配 atten.attention 注意

Aug August 八月

A/v；A.V.Ad valorem=According to Value 从价；按值

Av.average 海损；平均

av.；A/V；avg.average 海损；平均

A/W actual weight 实际重量；净重

A.W.B air way bill 空运运单

Bal.balance 差额

bar.；brl.barrel 桶,琵琶桶

B.C.before Christ 公元前

b.d brought down 转下

B.D.Bank draft 银行汇票 Bill Discounted 贴现票据

b.d.i.both dates inclusive 包括首尾两日

bdle.；bdl.bundle 把；捆

b.e.；B/E；B.EX.Bill of Exchange 汇票

B.f.Brought forward 接下页

B/G Bonded goods 保税货物

bg.；B/s bag(s)袋

bkg.banking 银行业务

bkt.basket 篮；匡

bl.；bls.bale(s)包

Blading Bill of Lading 提单

bldg.bales 包；barrels 桶

bot.；bott.；btl bottle 瓶 br.brand 商标；牌

Brkge.breakage 破碎

b/s bags；bales 袋；包

Bs/L Bills of Lading 提单(复数)btl.bottle 瓶

bu.bushel 蒲式耳

bx.box 箱

bxs.boxes 箱(复数),盒(复数)c/-(or c/s)cases 箱

ca.；c/s；cs.case or cases 箱

C.A.D.；C/D cash against documents 付款交单

canc.cancelled 取消；注销

C.A.F.Cost, Assurance, Freight(=C.I.F.)成本加保费、运费价

canclg.cancelling 取消；注销

cat.catalogue 商品目录

C/B clean bill 光票

C.B.D cash before delivery 险付款后交单

c.c.cubic centimetre 立方厘米；立方公分

c.c.carbon copy 复写纸；副本

C.C.Chamber of Commerce 商会

C.C.I.B.China Commodity Inspection Bureau 中国商品检验局

C/d carried down 转下

cent.centum(L.)一百

Cert.；certif.certificate；certified 证明书；证明 c.f.Cubic feet 立方英尺

C/f Carried Forward 接后；接转(下页)cf.confer 商议；Compare 比较

C.& F.Cost and Freight 成本加运费价格

CFS；C.F.S.Container Freight Station 集装箱中转站；货运站

Cg.Centigramme 公毫

C.G.A.Cargo's proportion of General Average 共同海损分摊额

cgo.cargo 货物

chges.charges 费用

Chq Cheque 支票

C.I.Certificate of Insurance 保险凭证；Consular Invoice 领事发票；领事签证

C.I.F Cost, Insurance, Freight 成本、保险费加运费价格

C.I.F.&C.Cost, Insurance, Freight & Commission 成本、保险费加运费、佣金价格

C.I.F.&E.Cost, Insurance, Freight & Exchange 成本、保险费、运费价汇费的价格

C.I.F.&I.Cost, Insurance, Freight & Interest 成本、保险费、运费加利息的价格

C.I.O.Cash in Order；Cash with order 订货时付款

cks.casks 桶

cl.class；clause 级；条款；项

CLP Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单

cm.centimetre 厘米；公分

CMB 国际公路货物运输条约

CMI Committee Maritime International 国际海事委员会

c/n cover note 暂保单；预保单

CNC 新集装箱运输 Co.Company 公司

c/o care of 转交

C/O；c.o.Certificate of origin 产地证明书

c.o.d.；C.O.D.Cash on delivery or Collection delivery 货到付款

COFC Container on Flat Car平板车装运集装箱

Com.Commission 佣金

Con.inv.Consular invoice 领事签证发票

cont.；contr.contract 合同；合约

contd.continued 继续；续(上页)contg.containing 内容

corp.corporation 公司

C/P；c.py.charter party 租船契约

C.Q.D.Customary Quick Despatch 按习惯速度装卸

Cr.Credit 贷方；信用证；Creditor 债权人

Crt.crate 板条箱

Ct.Cent 分；Current 当前；目前 Credit 贷方；信用证

C.T.D.Combined transport document 联合运输单据

CTB/L Combined transport bill of lading 联合运输提单

C.T.O.Combined transport operator 联合运输经营人

cu.cm；cb.cm cubic centimetre 立方厘米；立方公分

cu.in.；cb.in.cubic inch 立方寸

cu.m.；cb.m.cubic metre 立方米；立方公尺

cu.ft.；cb.ft.cubic foot 立方英尺

cur.；curt.current(this month)本月 cur.currency 币制

cu.yd.；cb.yd.cubic yard 立方码

C.W.O.cash with order 订货时付款

c.w.t.；cwt.hundred weight 英担(122磅)CY Container Yard 集装箱堆场

D/A Document against Acceptance 承兑交单

d/a days after acceptance 承兑后若干天(交款)D.D.；D/D Demand draft 即期汇票 Delivered at docks 码头交货

D/d documentary draft 跟单汇票

Dec.December 十二月

deld.delivered 交付

dept.department 部；股；处

destn.destination 目的港；目的地

D/f dead freight 空舱费

drt.draft 汇票

diam.diameter 直径

diff.difference 差额；差异

dis.；disc't discount 贴现；折扣；贴现息

Dolls.dollars 元

Dmge.Damage 损坏

destn.destination 目的港；目的地

D/N debit note 久款帐单

doc.document 单据

doc.att.document attached 附单据；附证件 dols.；dolls.dollars 元

D/P document against payment 付款交单

doz.dozen 打

d.p.direct port 直达港口

d/s；d.s.；days.st.days after sight 见票后若干天付款

ds.；d's days 日

dto.；do ditto 同上；同前

d.t.delivery time 交货时间

dup.；dupl.；duplte.duplicate 誊本；第二份；两份

D.W.T.dead weight tonnage 载重吨

D/Y delivery 交付；交货

dz.；doz.dozen 打

ea.each 每

E/D Export Declaration 出口申报单

E.E.errors excepted 错误当查；错误当改

E.E.C.European Economic Community 欧洲共同体

e.g.；ex.g.Exempli gratia(L.)=for example 例如

end.endorsed；endorsement 背书

encl.；enc.enclosure 附件

E.&O.E.errors and omissions excepted 错漏当查；错漏当改

E.O.M.end of month 月末

E.O.S.end of season 季末

eq.equivalent 等值的,等量的

e.q.m.equal quantity monthly 每月相等的数量 Et.seq.Et sequentia(and other things)及以下所棕述的Et.al.Et.alibi(and elsewhere)等等

e.t.a.；eta；ETA estimated(expected)time of arrival 预计到时间

etc.et cetera(L.)=and others 等等

ETCL；etcl expected time of commencement of loading 预计开装时间

etd；ETD estimated(expected)time of departure 预计离港时间

ETDEL expected time of delivery 预计交货时间

ETFD expected time of finishing discharging 预计卸完时间

ETFL expected time of finishing loading 预计装完时间

ex per or out of 搭乘

ex.excluding 除外；example 例子；样本

Exch.exchange,兑换；汇兑

Excl.exclusive or excluding 除外

ex.int.ex interest 无利息

exp.export 出口

Exs.expenses 费用

Ext.extra 特别的；额外的F degree Fahrenheit 华氏度数

F.A.free alongside(ship)(船)边交货

f/a/a；F.A.A.free from all average 分损不赔(保险用语)f.a.c.fast as can 尽快

f.a.q.；E.A.Q.fair average quality 大路货；中等品质

f.a.s.；F.A.S.free alongside ship 船边交货价

F.B.freight bill 运费单 fc franc 法郎

FCL Full Container Load 整箱货

F.C.&.S.free of capture and seizure clause 战争险不保条款

f.e.for example 例如

Feb.February 二月

f.f.a.free from alongside 船边交货价

f.g.a.；F.G.A.free from general average 共同海损不赔

f.i.for instance 例如；free in 船方不负担装船费

f.ig.figure 数字

f.i.o.free in and out 船方不负担装卸费

fi.o.s.free in, out and stowed 船方不负担装卸费及理舱费

f.i.w.free in wagon 承运人不负担装入货车费

F/O in favor of 交付给......,以......为受益人

f.o.free out 船方不负担卸货费

F.O.A.free on aircraft 飞机上交货价

fo.vo.filio verso=turn the page 转下页

f.o.r.；F.O.R.free on rail 火车上交货价

FOS.；f.o.s.free on steamer 船上交货价

f.o.b.；F.O.B.free on board 船上交货价

F.O.B.S.free on board stowed 包括理舱费在内的船上交货价

f.o.c.free of charges 免费

f.ot.；fot free on truck 卡车上交货价

F/P fire policy 火灾保险单

E.P.floating policy 总括保险单 F.P.A.free from particular average平安险

F.；Fr.franc 法郎

frt.；frit.；fgt.freight 运费

frt.ppd freight prepaid 运费已预付

ft.foot 英尺

ft.-lb.foot-pound 英尺磅(功的单位)f.w.d.fresh water damage 淡水损失

fwd.forward 前面；接下页

F.X.foreign excharge 外汇

g.gram 克；公分

G.A.；G/A General Average 共同海损(保险用语)gal.gallon 加仑

gds.goods 货物

gm gram 克；公分

G.M.Q.Good Merchantable Quality 上好可销品质

gr.gross 总的；全体的；毛的(重量)gr.；grm.gram 克；公分

grs.wt.；G.w.；Gr.wt.gross weight 毛重

g.s.w.gross weight 装船毛重

h.；hr.hour 一小时

H.D.Hook damage 钩损

H.O.Head office 总公司；总行

H.&O.Hook and oil damage 钩损和油损

Hund.Hundred 百 h.w.d.heavy weather damage 恶劣气候损坏

I.C.C.International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会

Id.Idem(the same)同样

i.e.Id est(that is)即；就是

Imp.import 进口

in.inch 英寸；interest 利息

In trans.Intransit(on the way)在运输途中

Infra Below 以下

Insp.inspection 检验

Insur.；Ins.Insurance 保险

inst.instant 本月

Inst.cls.Institute clauses 伦敦协会保险条款

Int.Interest 利息

inv.invoice 发票

I.O.P.irrespective of percentage 不计免赔率(保险用语)I/P insurance policy 保单险

I.Q.Idem quod(the same as)同样

ISO international Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织

it.item 项目；条款

ITV Internal Transfer Vehicle 码头内运输车

J.and/or l.o.Jettison and/or loss overboard 抛弃或落水损失

Jan.January 一月

Jul.July 七月

Jun.June 六月 kilo；kg.kilogramme 公斤；千克

kl.kilolitre 千公升；公秉

km.kilometre 千米；千公尺

km?? square kilometre 千平方米；千平方公尺

km?? cubic kilometre 千六方米；千立方公尺

L/A letter of authority 授权书

l.；lit.litre 公升

Lb.pound 磅

L/C letter of credit 信用证

LCL Less than a full Container Load Cargo 非整装箱货；拼箱货

ldg.loading 装货；装载

L/G letter of guarantee 保证书

lkge leakage 渗漏

lkge & bkge leakage and breakage 渗漏及破碎

L.T；L/T long ton 长吨

Ltd.Limited 有限

m.metre 公尺；mile 英里

max.maximum 最高

Mar.March 三月

M.B.D.or Mchy.dge Machinery Breakdown Damage 机器损坏

mdse.merchandise 货物；商品

Memo.memorandum 备忘录

Messrs.Messieurs 先生(复数)M.Ex.C.Marine Extension clause 海运扩展条款 mfd.manufactured 制造的mfr.manufacturer 厂商；制造商

mg.milligram 毫克

mi.mile 英里

MI.marine insurance 海险

M.I.C.C.Marine Insurance Cargo Clause 海上运输货物保险条款

mil.；ml.millilitre 毫升

min.minimum 最低；最小；起码

M.I.P.Marine Insurance Policy 海险保险单

mk.mark 唛头；商标

mm millimetre 毫米；公厘

M/R Note's Receipt 收货单；大幅收据

Mr.mister 先生

M/S months after sight 见票后XX月付款

M/T mail transfer 信汇

M.Y.marshalling yard 集装箱编号场

N/A Non Acceptance 不承兑

Nav.Navigating or navigation 航行

N.B.Nota bene(take notice)注意

N.C.V.No commercial value 无商业价值

N.D.not dated 不记载日期

N.d.Non delivery 提货不着

nil nothing 无

N.M.No Mark 无标志 Nom.Nominal 名称

Nov.November 十一月

N/P No Payment 拒绝付款

N.W.；Nt.Wt.Net weight 净重

N.Y.New York 纽约

o/a on account of...记......帐

o/b on or before 在或在......以前

O/B on board(装)在船上

O/C open cover 预保合同

Oc.B/L Ocean bill of lading 海运运输提单

OCP Overland Common Point 内陆共同点

Oct.October 十月

O.M.C.C Ocean Marine Cargo Clause 海洋运输货物条款

On a/c on account 记帐；挂帐

O.P.Open policy 预保单

orig.original 正本

oz.ounce；ounces 盎司；英两

oz.apoth ounce apothecary 药衡盎司

oz.av.ounce, avoirdupois 常衡盎司

oz.tr.ounce, troy(or fine ounce)金衡盎司

P.per 每；page 页

P/a；P/AV.particular average 单独海损

p.a.per annum 每年

p.c per centum 百分比率 P.C Price Current 市价

pce.；pc piece 件；个；只；块；匹

pch.parcel 小包

P'd.；pd.paid 已付

P.I.C.C.The People's Insurance Company of China 中国人民保险公司

pkg.package 包裹；件

P.O.B post office box 邮箱；信箱

P.P Parcel Post 邮包

ppd.prepaid 预付

ppt.prompt loading 即期装船

pr.pair；双,对；price 价格

prem.；pm premium 保险费

pro raia.proportionally 按比例

P.T.O.please turn over 请阅背面

q.quintal 百公斤；公担

Q.quantity 数量

Qlty.quality 品质

Qt.quart 跨脱(=1/4加伦)R.；r.；Ry.railway 铁路

re.with reference to 关于

rect.；Recpt.Receipt 收据

rd.road 路

R.D.C.Running down clause 碰撞条款

Ref.reference 参考(号)Reg.；Regd.Registered 登记；挂号

r.i.re-insurance 再保险

RM.remittance 汇款

R.O.D Rust Oxidation and Discolouration 锈损、氧化和变色

S/D sight draft 即期汇票

s.b.s.surveyed before shipment 装运前进行检验

Sept.September 九月

SHEX.Sundays and holidays excepted 星期天和假日除外

shipt.shipment 装运；装载

S.I.Sum insured 保险金额

sig signature 署名；签字

S.G.英国劳哈士保险单的一种格式名称

Sgd.Signed 已签署；签字

Sld.Sailed 已开航

Sling L.Sling loss 吊钩损失

S/N shipping note 装船通知

S.O.shipping order 装货单；下货纸

S/O shipowner 船东

sq.cm.square centimetre平方厘米

sq.ft.square foot平方英尺

sq.in.square inch平方英寸

sq.km.square kilometre 千平方米；千平方公尺

sq.yd.square yard平方码

S.R.Strike risks 罢工险 S.R.C.C.Strike Riots and Civil Commotions 罢工、暴动、内乱险

s.s；ss.；s/s steamship 轮船

s/t；s.t.；sh.t.short ton(2 000 1b.)短吨

st.street 街

std.standard 标准

stg.sterling 英币

S/W Shipper's weight 发货人提出的重量

S.W.D.Sea Water damage 海水损失

str.steamer 轮船

supp.supplement 补遗；附录；补充

T.ton 吨

tal.qual.talis quality=just as they come；average quality平均品质

teleg.telegram, telegraph 电报

thro.through 经由；联运

thru.through 经由；联运

TOFC Trailer on Flat Car平板车装运载箱拖车

T.P.N.D theft, pilferage & non-delivery 盗窃及提货不着险

T/S transshipment 转船

T.T.Telegraphic Transfer 电汇

T/R Trust Receipt 信托收据(D/P T/R 付款交单凭信托收据借款)U.C.P Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例

U/D Under-deck 舱内

U/rs.Under Writers 保险人

U.T.Unlimited transshipment 无限制性的转船 U/W Underwriter 保险人

ves.vessel 船

via by way of 经过,经由

Viz.Videlicet(namely)即；就是

voy voyage 航海；航行；航次

v.s.vide supra(see above)参阅上文

W.A.with Average 水渍险

W.B.Way Bill 运单

Whse.Warehouse 仓库

W.P.A.With Particular Average 水渍险

Wgt.；Wt Weight 重量

W.R.War risk 战争险

w.r.o.War risk only 仅保战争险

W/T.With transshipment 转船

wt.weight 重量

w/w；w-w warehouse to warehouse 仓库；从此仓库到另一个仓库

Y.A.R.York-Antwerp Rules 约克-安特卫普规则(即国际共同海损规则)Y.B.Yearbook 年鉴

yd.yard 码

yr.year 年；your 你们的Z.Zone 地区

在外贸业务中，从报价到支付条件，再到催开信用证，再到后来的单据结汇，涉及到很多专业术语……

1.支付条件（Terms of payment)24(1)Our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers.我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证，见票即付。信用证应通过为卖方认可的银行开出。

（2）For payment, we require 100% value, confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transshipment allowed clause, available by draft at sight, payable against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank here.我们要求用100%金额的、保兑的、不可撤销的信用证，并规定允许转船和分批装运，凭汇票向议付行交单即期付款。

（3）The letter of credit should be established with its clauses in confirmation with the terms and conditions of the contract.信用证所开条款，必须与合约条款相符。

（4）We usually accept payment by L/C at sight draft or by T/T in advance, but never by C.O.D.通常我们接受即期信用证付款或电汇。我们从不接受货到付款的办法。外贸英语词汇误译例析

笔者在商务英语教学中发现，外贸英语中有一些使用十分频繁的词汇很容易被误译，原因是商务英语中相同的单词在不同情况下具有不同的含义。现将这些单词的不同用法和含义试加比较说明。

例一：floating It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system.Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.Floating policy is of great importance for export trade;it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g.where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.译文：

在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。

统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如，当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。

注解：

floating 在上述两个句中的意思完全不一样，floating exchange rate 意为“浮动汇率”，即可自由浮动，完全受市场力量决定的汇率制度。而 floating policy 则指用以承保多批次货运的一种持续性长期保险凭证，常译为“统保单”。

例二：confirm We'd like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by DHL by the end of this week and please confirm it ASAP so that we can start our mass production.Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。

译文：

很高兴通知您，我们的回样将于本周末用特快专递给您，请尽快确认，以便我们开始大批生产。

付款方式为100% 即期，保兑，不可撤消信用证。

注解：

confirmed 一词在这两句话的意思也不一样。在第一个句子中，confirm 的意思是“确认”。在第二个句子中，confirmed L/C 应翻译为“保兑信用证”，即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。

例三：negotiable Part time barman required．Hours and salary negotiable.This Bill of Lading is issued in a negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holder, by endorsement of this B/L.译文：

招聘兼职酒店保安，工作时间和薪水面议。

所签发的提单可为转让的，故只要在提单上背书, 便确定了货物和持票人的所有权。

注解： 在第一句话中，negotiable 的意思是“可商议的”，在第二句话中的意思则是“可转让的”，“可转让提单”经过背书后即可将所有权转让给他人，值得注意的是，negotiating bank 则是议付银行，即购买或贴现汇票的银行。

例四：discount You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis.If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance.The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft.The bank is said to discount the draft.译文：

如果你方定期给我方下定单，你方便可得到 5% 的折扣。

如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。

注解：

discount 在这两句话中的意思一个是折扣，另一个是贴现。折扣是指商品在原价的基础上按百分比降价，贴现则是指未到期的票据向银行融资，银行扣取自买进日至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手续费后，将余下的票面金额付给持票人。

例五：endorse Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association.Draft must be accompanied by full set original on board marine Bill off Lading made out to order, endorsed in blank，marked freight prepaid.译文：

我们的产品为全国质量检查协会的推荐产品。

汇票必须附有全套印有“货物收讫”字样的正本海运提单，凭指示、空白背书，并写明“运费已付”。

注解：

在第一个句子中，“推荐”是指用过某种产品后感到满意，并通过媒体介绍给公众。而第二句中的“空白背书明是指背书人(endorser)只在票据背面签上自己的名字，而不注明特定的被背书人(endorsee)。

例六：average If a particular cargo Is partially damaged, the damage is called particular average.It's obvious that the products are below the average quality.译文：

如果某批货是部分受损，我们称之为“单独海损”。

很明显，这批产品的品质是中下水平。

注解：

在第一个句子中，particular average 的意思是“单独海损”，是指在保险业中由于海上事故所导致的部分损失，因此 average 一词的意思是损失或损坏，而第二句中的 average 为“平均”之意。

例七：tender Under CIF, it is the seller's obligation to tender the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods.If they arrive, or to recover for the loss, if they are lost on the voyage.He became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted.译文：

在 CIF 价格术语项下，卖方的责任是向买方递交有关单证，使其能在货物到达后提取货物；如果货物运输途中丢失了，买方也可凭单证去获取补偿。

他欣喜若狂，好象他承办大厦建筑的投标被接受了。

注解：

商务英语中的重要条款用词非常正规，在第一句话中，tender 是用作动词，相当于 give。而在第二句中，tender 是用作名词，意思是“投标”。Selling Agent 销售代理

According to the power the principal has delegated to a selling agent, the agent may just introduce the potential customer to the principal or actually negotiate and conclude the contract between the two parties.The have the following characteristics: a)An agent can only operate within the marketing territory authorized by the principal.b)An agent does not carry stock.The goods are carried only as consignment inventory.Payment is based on delivery to the ultimate buyer.c)The principal(exporter)set the retail price, retains title and controls the goods.d)The profit and risk of loss remains within the principal, unless the agent is a del credere one.e)Agents are usually paid with commission.按照委托人所授予其代理人的权利，销售代理可能只负责向委托人介绍潜在客户或者实际谈判并签订双方间的合同。代理人有以下几个特点：

a)代理人只能在委托人所授权的代理区域内执行代理业务。

b)代理人本身不储存货物。代理人手中的货物均为代销的货物，待最终的买主付款后，委托人才能收到货款。

c)委托人（出口商）决定货物的零售价格，拥有所有权并控制货物。

d)委托人既享有利润有承担亏损风险，除非代理人为保付代理。

e)代理人的报酬通常为佣金。检验证书的名称英译

1.certificate of weight 重量证明书

2.certificate of inspection certifying quality & quantity in triplicate issued by C.I.B.C.由中国商品检验局出具的品质和数量检验证明书一式三份

3.phytosanitary certificate 植物检疫证明书

4.plant quarantine certificate 植物检疫证明书

5.fumigation certificate 熏蒸证明书

6.certificate stating that the goods are free from live weevil 无活虫证明书（熏蒸除虫证明书）

7.sanitary certificate 卫生证书

8.health certificate 卫生（健康）证书

9.analysis certificate 分析（化验）证书

10.tank inspection certificate 油仓检验证明书

11.record of ullage and oil temperature 空距及油温记录单

12.certificate of aflatoxin negative 黄曲霉素检验证书

13.non-aflatoxin certificate 无黄曲霉素证明书

14.survey report on weight issued by C.I.B.C.中国商品检验局签发之重量检验证明书

15.inspection certificate 检验证书

16.inspection and testing certificate issued by C.I.B.C.中国商品检验局签发之检验证明书

商务谈判之产品描述和公司介绍术语

制作精巧 skillful manufacture

工艺精良 sophisticated technology

最新工艺 latest technology

加工精细 finely processed

设计精巧 deft design

造型新颖 modern design

造型优美 beautiful design

设计合理 professional design

造型富丽华贵 luxuriant in design

结构合理 rational construction

款式新颖 attractive design

款式齐全 various styles

式样优雅 elegant shape

花色入时 fashionable patterns

任君选择 for your selection

五彩缤纷 colorful

色彩艳丽 beautiful in colors

色泽光润 color brilliancy

色泽素雅 delicate colors

瑰丽多彩 pretty and colorful

洁白透明 pure white and translucence

洁白纯正 pure whiteness

品质优良 excellent quality（high quality）

质量上乘 superior quality

质量稳定 stable quality

质量可靠 reliable quality

品种繁多 wide varieties

规格齐全 complete in specifications

保质保量 quality and quantity assured

性能可靠 dependable performance

操作简便 easy and simple to handle

使用方便 easy to use

经久耐用 durable in use

以质优而闻名 well-known for its fine quality

数量之首 The king of quantity

质量最佳 The queen of quality

信誉可靠 reliable reputation

闻名世界 world-wide renowm

久负盛名 to have a long standing reputation

誉满中外 to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad

历史悠久 to have a long history

畅销全球 selling well all over the world

深受欢迎 to win warm praise from customers

协定 agreement

议定书 protocol

贸易协定 trade agreement

贸易与支付协定 trade and payment agreement

政府间贸易协定 inter-governmental trade agreement

民间贸易协定 non-governmental trade agreement

双边协定 bilateral agreement

多边协定 multilateral agreement

支付协定 payment agreement

口头协定 verbal agreement

书面协定 written agreement

君子协定 gentlemen's agreement

销售合同 sales contract

格式合同 model contract

意向协议书 agreement of intent

意向书 letter of intent

空白格式 blank form

授权书 power of attorney

换文 exchange of letter

备忘录 memorandum

合同条款 contract terms

免责条款 escape clause

原文 original text

译文 version

措辞 wording

正本 original

副本 copy

附录 attachment

附件 appendix

会签 to counter-sign

违反合同 breach of contract

修改合同 amendment of contract

撤销合同 cancellation of contract

合同的续订 renewal of contract

合同的解释 interpretation of contact

合同到期 expiration of contract

起草合同 to draft a contract

做出合同 to work out a contract

谈妥合同 to fix up a contract

签订合同 to sign a contract

缔结合同 to conclude a contract

草签合同 to initial a contract

废除合同 to annul a contract

执行合同 to perform a contract

严格遵守合同条款 to keep strictly to the terms of the contract

一式二份 in duplicate

一式三份 in triplicate

一式四份 in quadruplicate 讨价还价的外贸词汇

重点词汇：

1.soar: 高涨

2.quotation: 报价 3.point out: 指出

4.to be frank with: 坦白说

下面我们来看看这几个词汇是怎么用在这个情景对话中的：

A: I've come about your offer for bristles.A: 我今天来访的目的是想听取你方对猪鬃的报盘。

B: We have the offer ready for you.Let me see…… Here it is.100 cases of Tsingtao Bristles, 57mm, at…… pounds sterling perkilogram, CIF European Main Ports, for shipment in June, 1980.The offer is valid for three days.B: 我们已为你准备好报盘。让我找一找，啊，在这里，100箱57毫米青岛猪鬃，每公斤成本加运费保险费到欧洲主要口岸价……英镑，1980年6月交货。报盘三天有效。

A: Why, your price has soared.It's almost 25% higher than last year's.It would be impossible for us to push any sales at such a price.A: 喔，你方的价格猛涨，几乎比去年高出25%，按这种价格买进，我方实在难以推销。

B: I'm a little surprised to hear you say that.You know very well that market for bristles has gone up a great deal in recent months.The price we offer compares favourably with quotations you can get elsewhere.B: 你这样说使我有点儿惊讶。你很了解，近月来猪鬃市场涨得很多。我方所报的价格与你从别处能获得的价格相比，是较为便宜的。

A: I'm afraid I can't agree with you there.I must point out that your price is higher than some of the quotations we have received from other sources.A: 恐怕我不能同意你这种说法，必须指出你们的价格比我们从别处所得到的一些报价高。

B: But you must take the quality into consideration.Everyone in the trade knows that China's bristles are of superior quality to those from other countries.B: 但是你方必须考虑到质量的问题。同业中人人皆知中国猪鬃质地优于其它国家的供货。

A: I agree that yours are of better quality.But there's competition from synthetic products, too.You can't ignore that prices for synthetic bristles haven't changed much over the years.A: 我承认你们的猪鬃质量高，但还有人造制品的竞争。你方恐怕不能无视这一点吧。近年来，人造制品的价格并无多大变化。

B: There's practically no substitute for bristles for certain uses.That's why demand for natual bristles keeps rising in spite of cheaper synthetic ones.To be frank with you, if it were not for the long-standing relationship between us, we would hardly be willing to make you a from offer at this price.B: 在某些用途方面，几乎没有东西可以代替猪鬃。尽管人造制品价格便宜，但对天然猪鬃的需求还在不断增长，原因就在这里。老实对你说，如果不是为了双方的老关系，我们不大可能以这样的价格向你方报实盘。

A: Well, we'll have a lot of difficulties in persuading our clients to buy at this price.But I'll have to try, I suppose.A: 唉，要说服客户以这个价格购买，对我们来说是不容易的。不过看来我得试一试。

请用重点词汇填空（要注意时态哦）：

1.you, a discount of 2% off your prices wouldn't help very much.2.I'm afraid I can't accept your.It's too high.3.I must that your offer is beyond my capacity.4.Maybe you've know that the price of bristle have.答案：

1.to be frank with you 2.quotation 3.point out 4.soar

第四篇：2017考研英语作文：抽象品质类

凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

2017考研英语作文：抽象品质类范文

作文预测

大作文话题类型：1.抽象品质;2.社会现象类 3.社会问题类

预测话题包括：1.网络类(网购、微博、微信等新现象);2.抽象品质类(梦想与行动、创新、诚信等)3.环境类(节约型社会、交通状况、动物/资源保护等)4.社会现象类(剽窃，明星代言、真人秀等)预测作文范文

抽象品质类(梦想与行动、创新、责任等)

Wise people used to say that taking actions is of utmost significance in our daily life.This is most vividly illustrated in the given picture, which shows that two young boys both holding guitar are playing different life situations.The boy on the left is daydreaming about the day he gives a perfect concert and is admired by all the fans, while the boy on the right is practicing the guitar and singing skill persistently.Studying it further, it is easy to figure out that taking actions is the only way to fulfill our dream.Our country, for example, has developed rapidly in terms of economy and science and technology.We have accomplished in about two decades what other emerging countries used to achieve in a century.There is no denying that it is the perseverance and taking actions that really realize the promise they made.If you never take action to do something, you will never have a chance to win.For example, a great number of students choose to take part in the National Entrance Exam for master’s degree.However, those who dreamed of becoming the postgraduates without taking any actions are even tremble at the thought of taking the exam, most of whom are escaping the classroom when the first exam is over.In a word, I believe, just like Forrest Gump said, “Life is like a box of chocolates：you never know what you’re gonna get.” Unless you have the awareness that action speaks louder than the word.凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

What is conspicuously presented in the drawing above is a humorous(interesting/ satirical/ harmonious)scene, in which two people are trapped in two large tanks respectively.The most striking feature of the cartoon is the fact that one man, with a swim ring on his neck, struggled to get out of the tank by swimming but failed, while another person on the right chose to break the tank to solve the problem finally.Given its profound social implication(consequences), the phenomenon is well worth our endeavor to explore.By drawing this cartoon, the author reminds us that due attention should be paid to the significance / importance of innovation, an element which plays an important role in our study and life.Looking around the world, what we are employing, experiencing, and desiring for are from those brilliant ideas.It’s the innovation that steers our society into progressive phases.As good innovators, they will not accept that there is only one way to do anything, rather than search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and be bound to be more practical.Numerous instances can be given to illustrate the importance of this spirit, from the discovery of Penicillin to the presumption of Universal Gravitation, even from the invention of one appliance to the launch of a spacecraft.As a consequence, innovation consciousness is badly needed in every aspect of our society.In order to bring out this potential ability, our education system is supposed to be reformed fundamentally, focusing on cultivating inventive mind among elementary students.In addition, those relevant department should form a range of reasonable premium systems and other incentives to encourage and stimulate more people put their wise into reality.In brief, if one person or a nation would like to make continuous improvement, they should bear in mind that only the spirit of innovation can ensure the best prosperity.2 页 共 2 页

第五篇：服装品质控制(QC)所常用英语

服装品质控制（QC）所常用英语

成品检验Checking of finished products 检验，检查inspection, check 商检commodity inspection 领面松wrinkles at top collar 领面紧top collar appears tight 领面起泡crumples at top collar 领外口松collar edge appears loose 领外口紧collar edge appears tight 底领伸出collar band is longer than collar 底领缩进collar band is shorter than collar 底领里起皱wrinkles at collar band facing 底领外露collar band lean out of collar 倘领偏斜collar deviates from front center line 领窝不平creases below neckline 后领窝起涌bunches below back neckline 驳头起皱wrinkles at top lapel 驳头反翘top lapel appears tight 驳头外口松lapel edge appears loose 驳头外口紧lapel edge appears tight 驳口不直lapel roll line is uneven 串口不直gorge line is uneven 领卡脖tight neckline

领离脖collar stand away from neck 小肩起皱puckers at shoulders 塌肩wrinkles at shoulder 袖隆起皱creases at underarm 袖隆缝起皱puckers at underarm seam 塌胸lack of fullness at chest 省尖起泡crumples at dart point 拉链起皱wrinkles at zip fly 止口不直front edge is uneven 止口缩角front edge is out of square 止口反翘front edge is upturned 止口反吐facing leans out of front edge 止口豁split at front edge

止口下部搭叠过多crossing at front edge 底边起皱wrinkles at hem 后身起吊back of coat rides up 背衩豁开split at back vent 背衩搭叠过多crossing at back vent 绗棉起皱puckers at quilting 絮棉不均padded cotton is uneven 边缘缺棉empty hem

绱袖不圆顺diagonal wrinkles at sleeve cap 袖子偏前sleeve leans to front 袖子偏后sleeve leans to back 前袖缝外翻inseam leans to front 袖口起皱wrinkles at sleeve opening 袖里拧diagonal wrinkles at sleeve lining 袋盖反翘top flap appears tight 袋盖反吐flap lining leans out of edge 袋盖不直flap edge is uneven

袋口角起皱creases on two ends of pocket mouth 袋口裂split at pocket mouth 腰头探出end of waistband is uneven 腰缝起皱wrinkles at waistband facing 里襟里起皱creases at right fly 夹裆tight crotch 短裆short seat 后裆下垂slack seat

前浪不平wrinkles at front rise 裆缝断线bursting of crotch seam 裤脚前后two legs are uneven 脚口不齐leg opening is uneven 吊脚pulling at outseam or inseam 烫迹线外撇crease line leans to outside 烫迹线内撇crease line leans to inside 腰缝下口涌bunches below waistline seam 裙裥豁开 split at lower part of skirt 裙身吊split hem line rides up 裙浪不匀skirt flare is uneven 线路偏移stitch seam leans out line 双轨接线 stitch seam is uneven 跳针 skipping 尺码不符 off size

缝制不良stitching quality is not good 洗水不良washing quality is not good 熨烫不良pressing quality is not good 极光iron-shine 水渍water stain 锈迹rust 污渍spot 色差color shade, off shade, color deviation 褪色fading, fugitive color 线头thread residue

毛头raw edge leans out of seam