初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案

第一篇：初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案

初中英语主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致

1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。

例如： The desk is Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。3.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。

例如： Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。

Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重。

5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如： One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如： A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。9.主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。

如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.10.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数

例如： Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？

Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.没有人在家。11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The police are waiting for the boy.13.each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。

14.以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如： No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15.由both„and„连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；

Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。

16.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

The number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。17.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。

例如： This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。There are two glasses of wather on the table.桌上有两杯水。

18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。

The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。

19.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you.这是给你的书和纸。or, either„or„，neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。

例如： Tom or Jack is wrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is ok.这一个或那一个都行。当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。

例如： Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数

23.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。

这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：

The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)24 family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。

例如： People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。

His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Most of his time is spent on study.I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Two thousand miles __________(be)too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2.The old in my country __________(be)cared for by their children and grandchildren.3.There __________(be)a pair of trousers on the sofa.4.Ten divided by two __________(equal)five.5.The Chinese people __________(be)a great people.6.Nobody but Tim and Tom __________(be)in the room.7.Li Fang like many girls __________(like)dancing.8.Every boy and every girl __________(want)to go there.9.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________(be)sea.10.All of the work __________(be)finished.II.选择填空。

1.The rich ______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 2.The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road.A.are B.is C.has D.have 3.This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s.Your trousers ______ on your bed.A.is, are B.is, is C.are, are D.are, is 4.Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day.A.are B.has C.is D.have 5.Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.A.are B.is C.was D.have 6.What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him.A.are B.was C.were D.is 7.Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.A.has B.have C.are D.is 8.Neither of the twins ______ bread.A.like B.likes C.liked D.is like 9.Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.A.is B.are C.has D.become 10.The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.A.are B.is C.have D.has 11.Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.A.is B.are C.have D.were 12.Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.A.enjoys B.enjoy C.is enjoyed D.are enjoyed 13.Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.A.are B.be C.is D.were 14.Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.to know 15.I as well as they ______ ready to help you.A.am B.are C.is D.be 16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.A.is B.are C.were D.have

四、应用性训练。

I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Neither the teacher nor the students __________(have)enough time.2.Most of the houses __________(need)painting.3.A person who has good friends __________(enjoy)life more.4.John, together with his family, __________(be)flying to London.5.Few of my family really __________(understand)me.6.One third of the students_______(be)boys.7.There______(be)twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.8.Many a students ________(have)this new dictionary.9.Every man, woman and child _______(be)asked to contribute.10.An old man or mature(成熟)woman_____(be)needed for this job.II.选择填空。

1.There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.A.Was B.were C.have been D.had 2.Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.A.Is B.are C.am D.be 3.Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.A.Are B.is C.were D.was 4.How many students are there in your school ?---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.A.The number of;of B.The number of;are C.A number of;of D.A number of;are 5.All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs.A.Is B.am C.are D.be 6.Neither he nor I ____from Canada.We awe from Australia.A.Is B.was C.am D.be 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Chritmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 8.He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.A.is B.are C.be D.was 9.There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.A.will hold B.will have C.is going to be D.is going to hold 10.Are the twins on thee team---No, neither of them_____on the team.A.is B.Are C.were D.be 11.I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____.A.do B.will C.am I D.I am 12.What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____? A.is;become B.are;become C.are;grow D.is;grow 13.This pair of trousers____.A.is mine B.is my C.are my D.are mine 14.Even a child knows that ____are made of___.A.glasses;glass B.glass;glass C.glasses;glasses D.glass;glasses

参考答案：

1.1-4 C D A D

2.1-4 D B A C

3.1-3 C C A

4.1-3 A D A

5.1-4 C B A C

6.1-3 C B 参考答案

1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only„but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的

主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。

3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither„nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。

4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）

5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。

6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only„需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。

8．A．[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。

9．A．[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。

10．C．[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“„„的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

11．C．[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。

12．D．[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

13．A．[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是“属于”的意思，所以选A。

14．B．[解析] “昨天做了大约3／5的工作。”主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither„nor

连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案

三、巩固练习： I..用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.is 2.are 3.is 4.equals 5.are 6.are 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.is II.选择填空：1—5 ABACB 6—10 DABAD 11—15 AACBA 16—20 ACBBD

四、应用性训练。

I.所给动词的适当形式填空。1.have 2.need 3.enjoys 4.is 5.understand6.is 7.are 8.has 9.was/is10.is II.选择填空。1-5BBBAC 6-10CAACA 11-15CDAAA 16-20DCBCB

第二篇：初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案

初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案

()1.-Have you got some water to drink?

-Here you are.There___ still some in the bottle.A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

()2._____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?

A.Is

B.Was

C.Are

D.Were

()3.There ____ a great many accidents last year.A.were

B.are

C.is

D.was

()4.-How many children ____ in the picture?

-Three.A.has there

B.is there

C.have there

D.are there()5.The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A.has;grown

B.will;grow

C.is;growing

D.is grown

()6.There ____ many people running in the park every morning.A.is

B.were

C.are

D.have

()7.These police often ___ the children across the street.A.help

B.helps

C.helping

D.is helping

()8.___ going to England by air next week.A.The Green family are

B.The Greens family are

C.The Green's family are

D.Green family are

()9.The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.A.is all

B.all is

C.all are

D.are all

()10.Our class ___ big.A.is

B.are

C.were

D.will

()11.Neither he nor I ____ from Canada.We are from Australia.A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be

()12.Either you or he ____ right.A.are

B.is

C.does

D.were

()13.Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.A.is

B.are

C.is not

D.are not

()14.Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.has

()15.Physics ___ interesting to us.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.were

()16.The news____ exciting.We got excited at it.A.is

B.was

C.were

D.are

()17.Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.A.are

B.were

C.was

D.is

1．How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are

2．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven't been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone

3．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is

4．Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers

C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers

5．The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.A.student, is B.the students, are C.the students, is

D.students, are

6．The number of the students in our class _____ 54.A.is B.are

C.has

D.have

7．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．

A．is B．are C．am D．be

8．A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered

9．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．

A．is not decided B．are not decided

C．has not decided D．have not decided

10．The number of people invited __fifty，but a number of them ______absent for different reasons．

A．were，was B．was, was C．was，were D．were．were

11．Between the two buildings __________a monument．

A．is standing B．standing C．stands D．stand

12．Many a student ___that mistake before.A．had made B．has been made C．have mad D． has made

13．None of the money ____his．

A．is B．are C．belongs D．were

14．About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday．

A．had B．was C．were D．have

15． Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．

A．know B knows C．knew I..用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Two thousand miles __________(be)too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2.The old in my country __________(be)cared for by their children and grandchildren.3.There __________(be)a pair of trousers on the sofa.4.Ten divided by two __________(equal)five.5.The Chinese people __________(be)a great people.6.Nobody but Tim and Tom __________(be)in the room.7.Li Fang like many girls __________(like)dancing.8.Every boy and every girl __________(want)to go there.9.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________(be)sea.10.All of the work __________(be)finished.II.选择填空。

1.The rich ______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 2.The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road.A.are B.is C.has D.have

3.This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s.Your trousers ______ on your bed.A.is, are B.is, is C.are, are D.are, is 4.Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day.A.are B.has C.is D.have 5.Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.A.are B.is C.was D.have 6.What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him.A.are B.was C.were D.is 7.Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.A.has B.have C.are D.is 8.Neither of the twins ______ bread.A.like B.likes C.liked D.is like 9.Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.A.is B.are C.has D.become 10.The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.A.are B.is C.have D.has 11.Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.A.is B.are C.have D.were

12.Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.A.enjoys B.enjoy C.is enjoyed D.are enjoyed 13.Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.A.are B.be C.is D.were 14.Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.to know 15.I as well as they ______ ready to help you.A.am B.are C.is D.be

16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.A.is B.are C.were D.have 17.Every hour and every minute ______ important.A.are B.be C.is D.were

18.Look!The Turner family ______ having supper under the tree in front of their house.A.is B.are C.like D.like

19.Not only the twins but also their father ______ the film.A.like B.likes C.liking D.is like 20.He is one of the children who ______ fond of playing football.A.is B.was C.were D.are

四、应用性训练。

I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Neither the teacher nor the students __________(have)enough time.2.Most of the houses __________(need)painting.3.A person who has good friends __________(enjoy)life more.4.John, together with his family, __________(be)flying to London.5.Few of my family really __________(understand)me.6.One third of the students_______(be)boys.7.There______(be)twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.8.Many a students ________(have)this new dictionary.9.Every man, woman and child _______(be)asked to contribute.10.An old man or mature(成熟)woman_____(be)needed for this job.II.选择填空。

1.There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.A.Was

B.were C.have been

D.had 2.Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.A Is

B.are C.am

D.be

3.Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.A.Are B.is C.were D.was

4.How many students are there in your school ?---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.A.The number of;of

B.The number of;are

C.A number of;of

D.A number of;are 5.All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs.A.Is

B.am C.are

D.be 6.Neither he nor I ____from Canada.We awe from Australia.A.Is B.was C.am D.be 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Chritmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 8.He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.A.is B.are C.be D.was

9.There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.A.will hold

B.will have

C.is going to be

D.is going to hold 10.Are the twins on thee team---No, neither of them _____ on the team.A.is

B.Are

C.were

D.be

11.I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____.A.do B.will C.am I D.I am 12.What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____? A.is;become

B.are;become

C.are;grow

D.is;grow 13.This pair of trousers____.A.is mine

B.is my

C.are my

D.are mine 14.Even a child knows that ____are made of___.A.glasses;glass

B.glass;glass

C.glasses;glasses

D.glass;glasses 15.The number of pages in this book ____three hundred.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have 16.The Smiths ____China since the summer of 1993.A.has been to

B.have been to

C.has been in

D.have been in 17.Not only the parents but also Mary ____ London.They will come back in five days.A.has been to

B.have been to

C.has gone to

D.have gone to 18.In our country, the old ___taken good care of and the young___ well educated.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have 19.Each man and each woman _____bring some water here.A.Has

B.have

C.has to

D.have to 20.Every one except Tom and John_____ there then.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were

参考答案：

1.1-4 C D A D

3.1-3 C C A

4.1-3 A D A

5.1-4 C B A C

6.1-3 C B 参考答案

1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的 主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。

3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。

4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）

5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。

6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。

8．A．[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。

9．A．[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。

10．C．[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

11．C．[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。

12．D．[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

13．A．[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是“属于”的意思，所以选A。

14．B．[解析] “昨天做了大约3／5的工作。”主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither…nor连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。

初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案

三、巩固练习： I..用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.is 2.are 3.is 4.equals 5.are 6.are 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.is II.选择填空：1—5 ABACB 6—10 DABAD 11—15 AACBA 16—20 ACBBD

四、应用性训练。I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.have 2.need 3.enjoys 4.is 5.understand6.is 7.are 8.has 9.was/is10.is II.选择填空。1-5BBBAC 6-10CAACA 11-15CDAAA 16-20DCBCB

第三篇：初中英语知识点总结：主谓一致

在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

一、语法一致

主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:

He often helps me learn English.(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式).My friends often help me learn English.(主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)

但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待:

1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。

What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音了.2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports.我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动.Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣.3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories.《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。

4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400.这个工厂里工人的数量是400.A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人.5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数.例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。

Both of us are fond of watching football games.我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作.6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday.昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱.A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。

二、意义一致

这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式.1)当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是

状语.例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough.八小时的睡眠足够了。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期.3)形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.例如: The sick here are very well cared for.这里的病人都被照顾得很好。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真实与虚假应加以区别。

4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等.例如: The family are all fond of football.那一家人都喜欢足球.The family is the tiniest cell of the society.家庭是社会的最小的细胞.6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:Her glasses are new.她的眼镜是新的.但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.如: This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.三、就近原则

这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他全家人和他都不知道那件事.常见考法

对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night.A.is B.are C.were D.was 解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致,本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.答案：D 误区提醒

主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数,分数短语作主语的情况。

典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.A.were B.is C.was D.are 解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C.答案：B

第四篇：主谓一致专题)

主谓一致

主谓一致指的是主语和位于动词在“数”的方面一定要保持一致，而这种一致关系通常是由下列三种原则支配的

一、语法一致：主语是单数形式或不可数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语用复数形式，位于也用复数形式。

The library does not open until nine o’clock.The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year.The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.二、意义一致原则：主语虽在语法形式上是复数形式，但意义上是单数，谓语动词也要用单数；主语虽在语法形式上不是复数形式，但意义上时复数，谓语动词也要用复数。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture.The police have arrested a lot of suspects.Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man.One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple.Five pounds is enough.Twenty years is a long time on one’s life.三、就近原则：有时谓语动词的形式是和它最近的词（或词组）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right.Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game.Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan.Only half of the members agree with him.易出现问题的地方：

一、集体名词与以“s”结尾的名词作主语时主谓一致 1.people, cattle, police, poultry, militia, youth等形式上是单数，但意义上时复数，所以谓语用复数。

The police are questioning him.People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War.The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish.2.audience, committee, family, government, group, staff, team, public, class, crew, arm等若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若强调成员或个体，谓语动词用复数。His family are proud of him.His family is not very large.The audience burst into thunderous applause.A large audience was watching their performance.某些表示疾病的词，如mumps, arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, diabetes等，以及某些表示游戏的词，如cards, ninepins, darts, bowls, marbles, billiards, chequers等，它们在形式上虽然是复数，但在意义上是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous.Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease.Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here.Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.4.某些以-ics 结尾的表示学科的词，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, linguistics, optics, electronics, acoustics等，形式上是复数形式，但意义上是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数。

Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics.I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn.但当这些词不表示“学科”时，有时可当复数用，谓语动词也要用复数。

Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago.Politics have never interested her.5.以“s”结尾的国家、组织、机构等虽然形式上是复数，但却表示单数意义，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。

Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”.The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.但表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词常被看成是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year.The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular.6.某些表示由两部分组成的物体的名词在形式和意义上都是复数如：scissors, pants, trousers, shorts, glasses, spectacles, jeans等，谓语动词也用复数。His glasses were broken this morning.Your trousers are in the wardrobe.另外还有一些常以“s”结尾的词，如：contents, archives, arms, goods, suburbs, stairs, earnings, surroundings, belongings, particulars等也通常被看成是复数，作主语时谓语也用复数形式。

The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted.The surroundings are very beautiful.All his belongings are in that big bag.二、表示数量概念的名词（或词组）作主语时主谓一致

1.表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词或词组作主语时，常把这些数量看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday? 2.“分数或百分数+of„”构成的短语作主语，如果of后面是单数，谓语动词用单数；如果of后面是复数，谓语动词要用复数。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used.Over forty percent of the employees are women.Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields.Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.3.“all(half, most, some, the rest, none等）+of„”构成的短语作主语，如果of后面是复数，谓语动词用复数；如果of后面是单数，谓语动词也用单数。All of his energy has been used up.All of the restaurants are closed.Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian.Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground.4.“lots（plenty, heaps, loads, scads等）+of„”构成的短语作主语时，如果of 后gender是复数，谓语动词也用复数；如果of后跟的是不可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数 Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment.Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding.Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years.5.当“many a+名词”或“more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines.More than one train was delayed.6.“a portion(series, pile, panel, kind, sort, type等)+of+名词”构成的短语作主语，谓语动词用单数（无论名词时单数还是复数）。A portion of the products is being inspected.A series of questions was asked by the students.A pile of reference books is on his desk.7.“a number(或numbers)of +可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语用复数形式，但a great deal（an amount, a quantity)of +不可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A large number of workers were dismissed.Numbers of houses were destroyed.A great deal of time has been wasted.但the number of „作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 The number of students is increasing.8.“an average(或total)of +名词复数”构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year.A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month.但the average（或total)of +名词复数作主语时谓语要用单数形式

The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd, gang, flock, herd)of +可数名词复数”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词既可以单数也可以用复数。

A group of people was /were standing under the big tree.A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler's.A herd of cows was/were grazing there.三、并列结构作主语时主谓一致

1.由and或both„and„连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果意义为复数，谓语动词就要用复数。

Asia, Africa and Latin America make up the third world.Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency.下面由and连接的并列结构表面上是复数，实际上表示复数意义，所以谓语动词要用复数。Chinese and America culture are quite different.What they have said and done are quite disappointing.当each„and each„, every„and every„, no„and no„作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式

Each boy and each girl was given an apple.Every teacher and every student was looking at him.No bus and no taxi was found in the street.2.由or, either..or„, neither„nor„, not only„but also„连接的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes.Not only he but also I am curious about this.Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition.3.由某些介词或准并列连词连接的短语作主语，谓语动词的形式应与真正的主语保持一致。

常见的这类介词有：with, along with, together with, besides, in addition to, except, but, like, including等，准并列连词有：as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than等。

Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market.No one except hi relatives helps him.The bus driver, as much as the passengers, was very impatient.Jack, like many other children, often dreams of travelling in the space.The school, rather than the parents, is mainly responsible for the children’s safety.四、动名词、不定式和短语作主语时主谓一致

动名词或不定式短语作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To err is human.To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult.Smoking is very harmful to one’s health.Walking is the easiest way to exercise.五、名词性从句作主语时主谓一致 名词性从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数

Whether you go or not makes no difference to me.It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter.How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.六、there be„ 句型中的主谓一致

be 动词的形式由它后面的主语决定，但当be 动词后是并列结构作主语时，遵循就近原则，be动词的形式要与它最近的主语保持一致。There are servants in the house.There is no water on the moon.There are a lot of spectators in the stadium.七、定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数形式是由先行词所决定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week.Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago.在one of+名词复数+定语从句的句型中，定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但当one 前有the或the only 时，谓语动词用单数：

She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash.This is the only one of the books which is worth reading.

第五篇：主谓一致练习

定语从句专项练习题1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where

18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案与解析：

1.A.主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2.B.因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。3.A.因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。

4.B.答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5.C.因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。

7.B.因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定

语从句。8.B.因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。

9.C.因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。

10.因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11.B.先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is„= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is„

12.A.两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因为替代不可数名词(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that(the bread)在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，所以选A。14.D.当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此„以致„”的such /so„that„结构中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。16.D.因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。of course是插入语。17.D.将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is„显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。18.A.因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。19.B.当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，请想想这是为什么。

20.C.因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从 主谓一致练习

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is C.were

D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their

C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left

B.the train had left

C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?

-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough for you

C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was

C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses

leaves

C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive

C.two hour drive

D.two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and C.Both the office and

D.The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be

33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are

36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will

D.may

40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years C.is year

D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are

B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to

polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has