第一篇：高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习
高中英语主谓一致
一）主谓一致的种类
1．语法形式上的一致
1)主语为单数形式（一个单数名词，一个ving（短语），一个to do（短语）或一个从句），谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式（复数名词，两个或两个以上的ving（短语）、to do（短语）或从句），谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代词作主语，主语是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，谓语用单数。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）复数形式的名词作主语。主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等复数名词，谓语用复数。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意义上一致
1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集体名词，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主语时，有以下两种情况：
单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数(指代不可数名词)或复数（指代复数名词）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。
但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。单、复数同形的名词deer，sheep做主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）
5）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名词+and+名词”做主语，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，要根据of后的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。名词为不可数名词或单数可数名词时，谓语用单数；名词为复数时，谓语用复数。
80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：
The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代词“each,/every+单数名词+and+单数名词”或“each,/every+单数名词+and+ each,/every+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)从句作主语
由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但由what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名词复数”，谓语用复数，“the number of +复数名词”谓语用单数。
13）“a quantity of +不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词的数取决于名词是否可数。“quantities of +不可数名词/ 可数名词” 作主语，谓语用复数。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1)用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主语由more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”
A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy
1.解析：选B.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s 2.解析：选D.当either „or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
3.解析：选A.who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.4.解析：选D.主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
5.解析：选C.there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。
6.解析：选A.主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。
7.解析：选A.主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8.解析：选C.此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9.解析：选B.both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C.either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。
11.解析：选B.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。
12.解析：选A.此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13.解析：选A.此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14.解析：选A.此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：选B.此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16.解析：选D.此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17.解析：选C.本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。
18.解析：选A.本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19.解析：选B.本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C.根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21.解析：选B.本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22.解析：选B.用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B.本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
24.解析：选B.本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A.本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
26.解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27.解析：选D.主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。Long ago 表示过去.28.解析：选C.因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.29.解析：选A.主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。
30.解析：选C.本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。
第二篇：高中英语主谓一致
高中英语主谓一致
一）主谓一致的种类
1．语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意义上一致
1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。
3．就近原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：
Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语
1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。
名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd)of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：
The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：
Three years has passed since then.6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：
The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。
11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：
All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由连接词连接的名词作主语
1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：
The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代词作主语
1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：
Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：
Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：
Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?
5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：
单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。
但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：
Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分数、量词作主语
1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：
Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：
A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：
Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：
A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：
One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
5．名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：
The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．从句作主语
1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：
What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：
This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：
She was the only one of the girls who was late.
第三篇：主谓一致练习
定语从句专项练习题1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where
18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案与解析：
1.A.主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2.B.因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。3.A.因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。
4.B.答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5.C.因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。
7.B.因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定
语从句。8.B.因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。
9.C.因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。
10.因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11.B.先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is„= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is„
12.A.两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因为替代不可数名词(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that(the bread)在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，所以选A。14.D.当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此„以致„”的such /so„that„结构中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。16.D.因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。of course是插入语。17.D.将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is„显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。18.A.因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。19.B.当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，请想想这是为什么。
20.C.因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从 主谓一致练习
1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years
B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play
B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are
B.has C.have
D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are
B.is C.were
D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is
B.are
C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking
B.is speaking
C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their
C.will buy the book/one's
D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed
C.is
D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left
B.the train had left
C.the train was found left
D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands
B.standing
C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will
B.was
C.is
D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are
B.I am
C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are
B.is
C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?
-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you
B.is not long enough for you
C.was not long enough for you
D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed
B.have not been discussed
C.has not discussed
D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is
B.they are
C.this
D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting
C.has attended the meeting
D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were
B.were eaten/was
C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her
B.is hers C.are hers
D.are her
21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have
B.are said to have
C.is said to be
D.are said to be
22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill
A.sheep;grass;leaves
B.sheeps grasses
leaves
C.sheep;grass leaf
D.sheeps grass leafs
23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows
B.cows cattle C.cattle cows
D.cow, cattles
24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree
B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree
25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own
26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes
D.woman write
27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive
B.two hours` drive
C.two hour drive
D.two hours drive
28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher
B.fathers are teachers
C.father are teachers
D.fathers are teacher
29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred
B.are occurred
C.occurs
D.occur
30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or
B.The offices and C.Both the office and
D.The office and
31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished
32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is
B.was
C.are
D.be
33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of
B.A great many
C.A large number of
D.Many
34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out
B.are sold out
C.was sold out D.were sold out
35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are
36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is
B.are, are
C.are is
D.is are
37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying
B.have studied C.studies D.study
39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will
D.may
40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been
C.All has
D.All that ,has been
41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are
B.is C.has
D.have
42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching
B.were searching for
C.are searching
D.was searching for
43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it
B.are it
C.are them D.is them
44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years
B.are years C.is year
D.are year
45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are
B.have C.has
D.is
46.______a good enough price for this book
A.Two yuans are
B.Two yuan are
C.Two yuans is
D.Two yuan is
47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen
B.is seen
C.see
D.sees
48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to
polluting
B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted
D.is used to ,being polluted
49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room
50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has
第四篇：主谓一致讲解教案
主谓一致讲解 教案
一、授课时间：2012年1月4日
二、授课内容：语法点主谓一致讲解
三、授课重难点：
1、授课重点：主谓一致三原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则
2、授课难点：主谓一致常考题型
四：授课过程 Step I 课程引入
由三个例句导入主谓一致的概念 1.I am a student.2.They are students.3.She is a teacher.我们可以看出主语不同，谓语动词的形式就不同
主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。Step II 讲述
一、主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则
分别对每个原则中的每一项进行讲解，并且举出例句，和学生互动。
1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
4.就远一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于离他远的主语。9.当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.二、主谓一致细致讲解
（一）语法一致原则：
1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2.由and 或both...and连接的两个可数名词或不可数名词做主语时，谓语动一般用复数。
Tom and mike are good friends.Both bread and butter are sold out.Meat and rice are my favourite food.3.不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.没有人在家。
4.each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不正确。
尤其注意主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。
5.a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式;.而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。(重点）
A number of trees are cut down.The number of the students is over eight hundred.6.“a lot of,lots of,plenty of ,most of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所加的名词。
Plenty of the water was polluted.A lot of students pass the exam.7.某些只有复数的名词如trousers,shoes,gloves,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但是由“a pair of +此类复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数； 由“pairs of +此类复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数； The shoes are for you.A pair of glasses is lying on the table.Fifteen pairs of shoes are made every day.8.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
9.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致.This is the man who wants to see you.The girls who are coming soon are my students.10.由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词则用复数形式。What we need now is time.What he left me are only some old books.3
(二）意义一致：
1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)2.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance.1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one.5减4等于1。
3.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
4.family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。（难点）His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
5.以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
6.none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，但作为单数看待时，谓语动词用单数形式,取 决于后面所接的名词。
None of the advice was accepted.None of the children of the family are interested in art.7.some,any,all,more,most,the rest of ,分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它们指代的名词保持一致。
Two thirds of the apples remain green.Three fifths of the money was spent on clothes.8.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。9.the+姓氏表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数形式。The Whites are watching TV.(三）邻近一致原则（就近原则）
1、由or, either„or„，neither„nor„, not only„but also„, not„but„,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。（重点）
Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.2．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk.There are three pens and a book on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.Here is a letter for you.Step III 练习
1.Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.A.were B.is C.was D.are
2.Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A.isn’t B.is C.are’t D.are 3.—How many lessons do you usually haver a day?
—Six lessons a day.And each of then _____45 minutes.A.last B.lasts C.have D.are 4.Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.A.am B.is C.be D.are 5.There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A.is B.aren’t C.isn’t D.are
6.The number of the students in our school ____1200.A.is B.are C.has D.have 7.Maths _______ my favourite subject.A.be B.is C.am D.are 8.The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.A.were sleeping B.is sleeping
C.was sleeping D.are asle 9.Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.A.are B.is C.were D.was 10.That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.Some Step IV 总结 1.主谓一致的概念 2.主谓一致的三个原则 3.主谓一致的常考题型 Step V 作业
主谓一致练习题
1.The old ____well looked after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was 2.The secretary and manager ____very busy now.A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.was 4.Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been 5.Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.A.am B.is C.are D.will 6.Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been
第五篇：高中英语主谓一致
专题十七
主谓一致
考点知识清单
“一致”是指句子之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间数的一致。谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
知识梳理
考点一
单数名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是有些单数名词形式却含有复数意义，这时谓语动词要用复数形式。
1．集合名词与谓语动词的一致
(1)集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：
pl们a的yi足n球g 队w踢e得ll很.好。Our football team is 我n gt hbeant hcso manindg a back he．re for supperOur football team are havrie我们的足球队员们正在洗澡，然后将回到这吃晚饭。
er我y的 l家ar庭g很e大。My family is v．His family are wait．in他g的 f家o人r 在hi等m他。
The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有职员都对这些变革不满意。
注意
若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时，与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they，them或their。如：
My family did all they could for me．
我的家人为我做了他们所能做的一切。
The audience were waving their hands．
观众都挥舞着他们的手。
(2)但是有些集合名词．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。如：
The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望过上好日子。
The police have caught the criminal．警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
Cattle feed on grass．牛以草为食。
(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空邮寄的。
The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我们工厂的设备都是从英国进口的。
The furniture in my room is old now．现在我屋里的家具旧了。
2．单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致
单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：
The crossroads is／are dangerous．这个(些)十字路口很危险。
Every means has been tried．各种方法都试过了。
All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都试过了。
A steel works has just been built there．那儿刚建了一座钢厂。
Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飞机被派往那儿。
注意
fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。
3．表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。
若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如：
This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．这副圆规是北京制造的。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．现在一副眼镜值很多钱。
There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有两副手套。
考点二
复数名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时的主谓一致
以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名(如billiards台球)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。
Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充满了有趣的故事。
2．表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时的主谓一致
表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。
Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．
落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。
3．以-ics结尾的名词的主谓一致
以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如：
economics经济学
electronics电子学
physics物理学
politics政治学
mathematics数学
statistics统计学
His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．
他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。
Politics is his favorite subject．政治学是他最喜欢的学科。
Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce． 统计数字表明，大约百分之四十的美国人的婚姻以离婚而告终。
Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．统计学是一门很难学的课程。
注意
①plastics(塑料)作主语时，其谓语动词大都采用复数形式。如：
Plastics have taken the place of many materials now．
如今塑料已取代了许多材料。
plastics表示“塑料学”时，其谓语动词只能使用单数形式。如：
Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料学是化学的一个重要分支。
②名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如：
Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。
His works have been translated into several foreign languages．
他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。
若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。
若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。
考点三
“名词(或代词)+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。如：
Several theories on this subject have been proposed．
关于这个学科的几种理论已经有人提出。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．
对森林大火的危险不可掉以轻心。
2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如：
The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．
这位摇滚歌星被他的保镖保护着迅速地跑出了剧院。
Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． 罗伯逊先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到达。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．
是我的驾驶执照而不是我的信用卡丢了。
No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，当时那里没人。
Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女儿都喜欢体育。
Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．
汤姆，玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。
考点四
“名词(或代词)+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致
1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：
Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教师反对这个提议。
Some of the students are for the plan．有些学生赞同这个计划。
The rest of the lecture is dull．讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。
The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行车今天出售。
Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。
Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。
Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情报已被泄露出去了。Masses of books are kept in the library．图书馆里存放有很多的书。
About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．
超过百分之三十的学生没有参加这个会。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。
Only 40％ of the work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。
注意
当上面有些词单独作主语时，其主谓语一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如：
All was silent．万籁俱寂。
All were silent．大家都静默着。
Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．
我们班有30个学生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。
All has been tried．一切都试过了。
All are here now．大家都到齐了。
注意
population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。如：
The population of Canada is about 29 million．
加拿大的人口约为2 900万。
Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．
在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．
这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。
2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如：
A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他们发现了一种鸟。A part of the book is not interesting．这本书里有一部分内容没趣。Parts of the book are very instructive． 这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。
These are two different forms of the same thing．
这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。
This kind of apples is highly priced.种苹果定价很高。Apples of this kind are． highly priced
3．当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。但是当either／neither of...构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)。如：
None of them is／are aware of the danger．他们中没有人意识到那个危险。
None of the money was paid to me．连一分钱也没有付给我。
Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。
Neither of them is going to give up the chance．
他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。
4．当“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
A number of new houses have been built there．在那儿已建起许多新房子。
There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． 那个商店出售各种各样的商品。
The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． 知道这个秘密的人数很有限。
The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．
那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。
5．“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。
“large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．
每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．
大量的资金投在当地的市场上。
Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．
这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。
A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．
很多钱花在建这座桥上。
A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．
建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。
A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。
考点五
由并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如：
Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫妇是工程师。
Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。
注意
如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。如：
The teacher and writer is her friend．
这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。
比较
cda ucgo．hltdMy friend and lawyer has a我的律师，同样也是我的朋友，得了重感冒。a vceo ．lcdaught a baMy friend and my lawyer hd我的朋友和我的律师两人都得了重感冒。
两个名词前都加冠词或其他限定词，则谓语动词要用复数形式。
常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数。
bread and butter黄油面包
bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包
a knife and fork一副刀叉
a watch and chain一只系有表带的手表
a cart and horse一辆马车
needle and thread针线
law and order法律和秩序
Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．
反复实验(不断摸索)是我们知识的来源。
Time and tide waits for no man．岁月不待人。
The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星条旗是美国国旗。
2．由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．
每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小时或每一分钟都很重要。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．
没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．
许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。
3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如：
Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．
不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。He or I am to do it．这事或者他去做或者我去做。
Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it． 无论是你，我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。
4．主语由肯定否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。如：
Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．
对此负责的是我而不是你。
考点六
名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
．what从句作主语时的主谓一致
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
What she said is correct．她说的是正确的。
What he gave me are five English books．他给我的是5本英语书。
What he needs is money．他需要的是钱。
2．that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
由that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： That he is a spy is true．千真万确，他是一个间谍。
Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．
他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。
Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．
还不太清楚谁对这场事故负责。
考点七
动名词或不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致
单个动名词短语或不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。
Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．
你放弃这个机会使我们大家都非常吃惊。
若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是个好习惯。
When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．
何时何地建大楼还未定下来。
Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．
犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。
What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。
考点八
某些表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致
1．当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。如：
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。
Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。
Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。
2．在四则运算中，谓语动词多用单数，也有用复数的。减法和除法常用单数。
Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。
Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。minus 12 is 6．18减12等于6。
Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。
考点九
名词化的形容词作主语时的主谓一致
1．当某些形容词和过去分词同定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The poor live a hard life．穷人的日子不好过。
The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和伤员被送回家。
the poor穷人
the living活着的人 the rich富人
the dead死人
the wounded伤员
the young年轻人 The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。
The old gives place to the new．新陈代谢。
但是，也有例外的情况。有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。如在句中指一个人时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告请求法官宽恕。
2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等结尾的表示“国家的，民族的”这类形容词与定冠词the连用，表示整个民族，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类词有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：
The Chinese are hard-working．中国人是勤劳的。
The English are said to be conservative．据说英国人是保守的。
The Chinese are kind and friendly．中国人民友好善良。
比较
That Chinese is a singer．那个中国人是个歌唱家。
Chinese is a beautiful language．汉语是一种优美的语言。
考点十
there be结构中的主谓一致
there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。如：
There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．
桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。
There are four chairs and a table in the room．房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。
考点十一
不定代词each, one, no one, somebody等词作主语时的主谓一致
不定代词“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主
语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。如：
Each boy gets a prize．每个孩子都得到了奖品。
Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的时候。
Someone wants to buy the house．有人要买这所房子。
Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吧?
Each of the books costs five yuan.每本书五块钱。
Somebody is using the phone．有人在用着电话。
He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．
他有两个儿子。一个是老师，另一个是工程师。
注意
each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。如：
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．
我们每人有一本英汉词典。
The students are all hardworking．这些学生都很勤奋。
They both like pop music．他们俩都喜欢流行音乐。
考点十二
其他主谓一致情况
1．倒装句中的主谓一致
在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如：
On the wall are some famous paintings．墙上有一些著名的画。
Between the two windows hangs a picture．两扇窗户间有一幅画。
2．表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如：
One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。
One and a half hours is enough．一个半小时足够了。
3．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。
“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．
昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
4．在“It+be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如：
It is I who am a student．我是学生。
It is they who have worked there for five years．是他们在那儿工作了5年。
5．定语从句中，关系代词who，which，that等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如：
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看过这部电影的人请举手。
The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．
在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。
6．who，which，what等疑问代词及such作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式。如：
Who is the girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁?
Who are the girls over there?那边那些女孩子是谁?
Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的书，这本还是那本?
Such is my plan．这就是我的计划。
Such are his words．这就是他的话。
7．“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如：
The majority of boys like football．大多数男孩喜爱足球。
The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多数人支持禁烟。
The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。
8．“an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的平均数”。如：
An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．
每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。
The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均数是6。
9．“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有……”；“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的总数”。如：
A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。
The total of letters received last month was 300．上个月收到的信总数是三百封。
10．当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Only man knows how to cook．只有人类懂得烹饪。
Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。
All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。11．“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反对这项提议的会员不止一个。
12．当many a...或more than one+名词作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如：
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．
许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。
More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到这件事中。
13．在“one+of／in／out of+复数名词”结构中，一般采用语法一致的原则，即用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。
One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我们班有一位学生来自西藏。
One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十个中有一个严重受损。
Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．
每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。
方法技巧清单
方法技巧
方法一
分清主语，用准谓语
1．主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短语时，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。
2．动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
3．确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语。
[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．
A．is sent
B．are sent
C．has sent
D．has been sent
[解析] 句子的真正主语为a perfect gift，所以谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式；根据题干大意此处要用现在完成时态。
[答案] D
[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．
A．did do does
B．did does do
C．does did do
D．do do did
[解析] 句子的主语是what引导的主语从句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。谓语动词用单数，借助于助动词does强调谓语，后用动词原形do。
[答案] B
[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．
A．are
B．is
C．were D．was
[解析] 本句是倒装句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主语，也是who引导的定语从句的先行词。定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
[答案] C
方法二
分清并列连词
1．两个单数名词(主语)用and或both...and...连接时，谓语用复数，但要注意前后两个名词都带有冠词。
2.并列主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．
A．is
B．was
C．are
D．has been
[解析] 由连接词either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词必须和紧靠它的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。此题中的谓语动词应和Peter and Mary一致，故谓语动词用复数are，因此C是正确的。
[答案] C
[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．
A．have
B．has
C．had
D.are
[解析] The writer and the educator是两个人，谓语动词用复数。句意：那位作家和那位教育家参观了我们的学校。如果换成The writer and educator，就是一个人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，谓语动词用单数。
[答案] A
方法三
记熟一些习惯用法
1．“many a以及more than one+单数名词”作主语．谓语用单数。
2．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语用单数；而“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。3．不定代词anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主语，谓语用单数。4．表示“时间、距离、价格”等复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。5．“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主语时，谓语用单数。
7．“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语与of后的名词保持数的一致。
[例1]
_______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．
A．Two fifth；is
B．Two fifth；are
C．Two fifths；is
D．Two fifths；are
[解析] 首先“五分之二”应为two fifths，故答案应为C、D中的一个；当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持数的一致，这里的名词是the land。
[答案] C
[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．
A．are
B．are not
C．isn’t
D．aren’t
[解析] 在“the number of+复数名词”的结构中，“of+复数名词”的介词短语作后置定语，the number是中心名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。
[答案] C
[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．
A．are；are
B．is；is
C．are；is
D．is；are
[解析] 本题是一个带有定语从句的复合句，定语从句修饰的是teachers，关系词在从句中作主语，应与先行词的数保持一致，故从句谓语用复数。句子主语是Every boy and every girl，当主语后面跟有with，together with，as well as等连接的词时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。every...and every...作主语，谓语用单数。
[答案] C
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