第一篇：高中英语-定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
２ 定语
（一）限定性定语从句
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话。
（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；
（三）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（四）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)
(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)
(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)
(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
（七）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g)为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
（十一）难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?
(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1)Who is the man that is standing there?
(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句
(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语
(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语
(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
［定语从句］介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
第二篇：高中英语 定语从句讲解 练习
高中定语从句讲解+练习
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经 1 来了。
The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。
The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。
The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I'll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
We'll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.3 The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)
The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄 4 今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上
译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上
A．作宾语时可省略
A．不可省略
B．可用that
B．不用that
C．可用who 代替whom
C．不可用who 代替whom 6
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：
1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）
2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修 7 饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。
（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。
1.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
(三)以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way(that / in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：
There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he told me is true.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定语从句)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：
A.The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything
he had seen there.A.he
B.that
C.which
D.what 4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city
he had visited in China.A.that
B.where
C.which
D.what 5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which
B.what
C.whose
D.that 6.Is this the museum
you visited the other day? A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.the one 7.This is the very film
I've long wished to see.A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom 8.There is no difficulty
can't be overcome in the world.A.that
B.which
C.who
D.what 9.Who is the person
is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom 10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as 11.The house
the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.A.that
B.where
C.what
D.when 12.This is the last time
I shall come here to help you.12 A.that
B.which
C.when
D.what 13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way
he does.A.which
B.what
C.／
D.now 15.This is the baby
tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman
she was.A.that
B.which
C.what
D.who 17.That's the hotel
last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.he could C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone
this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place
you are standing used to be an old church.A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when 21.You've made the same mistake
you made last time.A.as
B.like
C.which
D.that 22.It is not such an interesting magazine
I thought.A.as
B.that
C.which
D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As
B.which
C.That
D.／
24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose
B.his
C.which
D.that 25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.／
26.Do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which
D.／ 27.The bus，was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most
B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／
29.Do you know the reason
he didn't come? A.that
B.which
C.for
D.why 30.He is the only one of the three
got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does
B.who do
C.which does
D.who did 13 32．-Have you read the books?-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who 33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there 34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what 35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which 36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that 37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that 39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 41.The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China,____, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.A.what B.whatever C.which D.that 42.The reason ____ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother won’t let her.A.what B.why C.as D./ 43．Mr.Green drove his car slowly until it came to the freeway _______ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.A.which B.where C.that D.when 44.I shall never forget those days ____ I spent in the army with the soldiers, _____ has a great effect on my life.A.that;which B.when;which C.when;that D.which;that 45.They moved on to the north tip of the area, _____ it was blowing hard and snowing.A.when B.so that C.which D.where 46.The day will come _____ people all over the world will win independence.A.that B.where C.how D.when 47.America had more than fifty states, ______, Kentucky, is the place ______ Abraham Lincoln was born.14 A.one of them;where B.one of which;whose C.one of them;which D.one of which;which 48.I don’t like the way ____ he looks at me.A.in that B.which C.of which D./ 49.Don’t call me between 12 o’clock and 1 o’ clock, _____ I am usually having lunch.A.during which time B.at which C.by which time D.by which 50.In the past, Germany was divided into several states, _____ Prussia was the most important and powerful.A.of which B.about which C.in which D.from which 51.Mr.Green questioned his son, ____ he learned how he could play with it.A.who B.of whom C.from whom D.that 52.She hasn’t got enough money ___ she can buy the ring.A.which B.that C.with which D.for which 53.We came to a place _____ they had never paid a visit before.A.which B.that C.to which D.at where 54.He is a man with rich experience, from ____ much can be learned.A.whom B.which C.where D.what 55.That is one of those books that____ worth reading.A.is B.have C.has D.are 56.I’ll take you to a newly-opened market ____ you may get all ____ you need.A.which;that B.where;that C.in which;which D.where;what 57.I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.A.that is B.which am C.it is D.who am 58.The old lady, ____ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A.all her children B.all of her children C.whose all children D.all of whose children 59.On the bus I saw a student ____ I thought was your brother.A.who B.whom C.which D.whoever 60.She will never forget September 1, _____ she had her first history lesson as a teacher.A.which B.when C.on which D.both A and B 61.Alec asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom 62.The paper ______ bamboo is made is especially fine.A.which B.into which C.of which D.from which 63.The result is not the same _______they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.A.which;as B.as;that C.that;which D.as;which 64.The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.15 A.where B.when C.which D.who 65.“Who moved my cheese?”, ______ is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson.A.which B.that C.it D.what 65.Beijing government puts more than 700 million Yuan to increase its green space this year, ______ doubles the money provided last year.A.as B.while C.that D.which 66.Hellen is much more kind to the youngest child than to the others, ______ of course, makes the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.she D.that 67.The wrong you have done to him is terrible, for______ you should make an apology to him, I think.A.this B.which C.what D.that 68.The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A.all her children B.all of her children C.all of whose children D.whose all children 69.The most favorite room is the tidy study with a firepalce, _______we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.A.where B.when C.that D.which 70.On the third floor there are two rooms, _______is used as a meeting room.A.one of them B.the larger of which C.the larger one of that D.the largest of which 71.Carol said that the work would be well done by the end of October, _______personally I wondered completely.A.which B.at which C.in which D.about which 72.That passenger was very impolite to the conductor, _______of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.what D.which 73.Another unmanned spacecraft ”Shenzhou”, _______china greets the 21st century, marks new progress in the century's space program.A.for which B.from which C.in which D.with which 74.We were next-door neighbors for three years, during _____time we met only twice.A.which B.this C.that D.same 75.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and ways of doing things, ______is often the case in other countries.A.that B.so C.what D.as 76.The boy likes music and English, besides, _______is extremely good.A.each of which B.but neither of which C.neither of them D.each of them 77.The artist _______ the judge gave a prize is the teacher ______ i have been taught painting for two years.A.from whom;by whom B.to whom;who C.from whom;who D.to whom;by whom 16 78.--When is your husband's birthday?--The same day of my birthday, ______ I can't forget.A.that B.when C.which D.it 79.On the bus I saw a student ______I thought was your brother.A.who B.whom C.which D.it 80.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______getting water is not the least.A.as B.for what C.of which D.whose 81.Delia's going to join us, ______was agreed on the day before yesterday.A.it B.that C.what D.as 82.You can use a large plastic bottle, _______cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.A.the top is B.with its top C.whose top D.the top of which 83.--Whose overcoat is it?--Maybe it's Julia's.She likes to wear, ______ was very uncommon is this small country, a bright red overcoat.A.what B.which C.it D.that 84.The hours ______ the children spend in their one way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.A.that B.when C.in which D.on which 85.Edison made a lot of inventions, _______of great importance.A.which, I think are B.which, I think they are C.which, I think they D.I think, which are 86.--Do you have anything in mind _______you'd like for supper?--Well, ______ is okay with me.A.that;anything B.which;everything C.what;whatever D.where;something 87.Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _______few citizens had ever experienced before.A.and it was B.as C.that D.which 88.--Is this factory ______ the false wine was made?--Yes.And also the one ______used to sell forged(伪造)cigarettes.A.the one;where B.that;that C.what;which D.where;what 89.The general at last got a chance to visit the village,_______he used to fight,_______he had been dreaming of for years.A.that;which B.where;that C.in which;what D.where;which 90.--Why am I so slow at doing the close test?--I guess you didn't realize the use ______ the contexts.A.you should have made of B.you must have made from C.of which you could have from D.out of which you need make 17
第三篇：定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why * 关系词常有三个作用：
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句 * 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)* 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰
时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？
All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1)关系代词前有介词时； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行词本身是that时；
e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)* 4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句“(that)they visited last month”的宾语，that可以省略)
* 注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系而将介词置于定语从句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、关系副词引导的定语从句
*
1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。
The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句“that I always remember in all my life”的宾语，that可以省略)*
2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.这就是我去年住过的房间。
Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？
Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句“that is being built over there”的主语)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他们上个月参观过
副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)
I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)
He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)
He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)
That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)
That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)
* 英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。
如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)
* 另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。
He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。
* 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who is elected?
Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 语 从 句 练习
一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、单项选择
()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk
C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s
C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）
11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.the one（）
12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one（）
13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one（）
14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）
15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn
B.who
C.that learns D.who learn（）
16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which
B.whom
C.who
D.that
（）
17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what
第四篇：定语从句讲解和练习
定 语 从 句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词, 用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个主句，所以也称之为形容词性从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词除起连接作用外还在句中担当一定的句子成分.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。根据关系词在从句中充当成分的不同,关系词可分为
关系代词: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 关系副词: when, where, why。
Who 指人, 在从句中作主语
e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在从句中作动词或介词的宾语 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替换。常用于非限制性定于从句。Which 指物, 在从句中作主语,宾语，Which 在作宾语时可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有时候，定语从句指的不是它前面的名词，而是整个句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正确使用关系代词, a.关系代词前要有名词(代词)b.关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要充当主语,宾语 c.否则,关系代词前要接介词, 该介词可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名词, whom是宾格, 在从句中作宾语。Enjoy 後的动名词working是由不及物 动词转化Whom 不能直接作宾语, 所以要加介词。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介词后作宾语时不能省略.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，常用逗号把主句和从句分开。从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。
e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.专有名词, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 独一性名词, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定语从句修饰时, 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定语从句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制或分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。
普通名词不具有特殊性,定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语,省
去了则主句的意思就会不完整.从句前不可加逗号.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作关系代词的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在从句中作主语, 宾语, 表语。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表语表身份时只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于从句中，用that替换其他关系代词who, whom, which 应注意: 1.其前不可置介词
2.其前不可有逗点(不可用于非限定性定语从句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引导的定语从句
1.先行词为不定代词：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行词被形容词最高级, 序数词, 修饰时
e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行词被不定代词all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行词为数词时
e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行词既有人又有物
e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有两个定语从句, 应避免重复
e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.当句中已有who/ which时,定语从句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名词和不定代词(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 连用
e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.这种结构也可以和表数量（quantity）和最高级（the superlatives）连用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在从句中作主语时，有以下两种结构
e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)
定语从句和不定式
介词 + 关系代词 可以和不定式连用
e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.没有介词，不能用这种结构 I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介词，这种结构也非常正式和不常见的，我们常用更简单的结构。(„a garden to play in;„neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有时用抽象名词(case, point, reason, situation, time等)来总结主句的内容时，which 可以用作限定词，构成‘介词+which+抽象名词’ 构成定语从句。可以和名词连用的这种结构很正式，常用在介词之后，对所提的事进行不从说明。
e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 为关系代词所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格变化而成.在引导的定语从句中作定语,可指人/物
e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose时要遵守下列原则
1.whose之前要有名词
2.whose之后的名词在从句中要做主语,宾语 3.否则, whose 之前要有介词,介词可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替换
e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所属关系外，还可用来表示整体和部分的关系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 关系代词 that 指代其前面的名词，重复其语义.what 不是重复前面名词，而是包括名词的语义what = the things that„
e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 关系代词,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(宾)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引导定语从句/such...that结果状语从句
e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 两物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引导非限定性定语从句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思（通常不能指代某个名词或代词），可以放在主句前、后或中间，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主语
e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B宾语 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表语 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引导非限定性定语从句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引导非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首时不能用which 替换。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与 see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；which引导非限定性定语从句与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以„„”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定语从句中，谓语动词是连系动词时，可以用as/which作主语。如果从句谓语动词 是行为动词，则必须用which。
e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法
But本身具有否定意义，相当于who/which/that...not But的先行词往往是否定意义的代词或名词词组，用双重否定表强烈肯定 But的这一用法常见于在从句中作主语
There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)
Than 的用法
用作关系代词时，可在从句中作主语，其后直接接谓语。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行词被比较级修饰,用关系代词than连接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.没有明确的先行词，有时把than看作连词，其后省略了it。但实际使用中，than后从来不补上it，因为than本身在从句中可用作主语。
定 语 从 句 练习
用适当的词填空
1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.单句改错
1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.单项填空
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who
参考答案及解析
1.ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD
第五篇：定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句用法小结
概念: 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：
关联词: 关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约：
(1)要看先行词是指人还是指物，(2)要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，(3)要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
在定语从句中充当的成分
指人
指物
指人或指物
主语 who
which
that 宾语 whom which
that 谓语 whose whose(of which)
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that 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says.I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一个守信用的人。
The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向
她打了招呼。
The watch which was lost has been found.The watch that was lost has been found.丢了的表找到了。
Here is the material that you need.Here is the material you need.你要的材料在这儿了。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是听你的话吧。
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关系副词的选用: 如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why
I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。
I don’t know the reason why he did that.I don’t know the reason for which he did that.我不知道他为什么这么做。
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当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, few 1 only, , much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句：
I have explained everything that I can to you.我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。
That’s all that I know.我知道的就是这些。
Can you tell me something that you know? 你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？ There is nothing that I cannot tell you.我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。
The last place that we visited was the farm.我们最后参观的地方是农场。
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还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same … as… , such … as
这里的as 可以指人或物，且引导的是限定性定语从句：
Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。
We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。
It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised.这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。
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限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，则主句意思不完整。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。
The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。
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非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句；which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，而as 在从句中一般只充当主语；which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。
As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all.众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。
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关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。
One of my students whom you are familiar with will come.将要来的那个学生你也认识。1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 2.His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 3.We went through a period __________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 4.Mozart’s birthplace and the house __________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 6.Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.where C.what D.that 7.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 8.I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 9.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister __________ she would stay for an hour.A.where B.who C.which D.what 11.The newly-built cafe, the walls of __________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which
12.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 13.— What do you think of teaching, Bob?
— I find it fun and challenging.It is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 14.It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 15.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A.if B.when C.which D.since 16.Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 17.I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why 18.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.which 20.It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 4
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