第一篇：第八章 定语从句讲解及练习
金牌教研中心
2012秋季高三英语
第八章 定语从句讲解及练习
I believe I can do it best!我相信我可以做到最好!
主讲老师：曾琳宁
学生：______ 【简介】
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
【关系代词引导的定语从句 】
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
【关系副词引导的定语从句】
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
【判断关系代词与关系副词 】
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求博学精教 成就学生
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用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that
C.on which
D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that
C.on which
D.the one
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
【限制性和非限制性定语从句 】
1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。博学精教 成就学生
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说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。【介词+关系词 】
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 【as, which 非限定性定语从句 】
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which
C.as
D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
【 关系代词that 的用法 】 1）不用that的情况
a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.博学精教 成就学生
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b）介词后不能用。
例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which.c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
【跟踪训练】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which
B.where
C.what
D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke
B.to who spoke
C.I spoke to
D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed
B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at
D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which
B.that
C.when
D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which
B.on which
C.in which
D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where
B.to which
C.which
D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where
B.that
C.which
D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year
B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year
D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked
B.which you talked C.about that you talked
D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which
B.in which
C.on which
D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom
B.on whom
C.with which
D.with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? 博学精教 成就学生
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A.who
B.who's
C.which
D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that
B.all what
C.that
D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which
B.who
C.what
D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who
B.whom
C.that
D.as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.that
B.as
C.whom
D.what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with
B.with whom I went
C.with who I went
D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.the novels
B.the such novels
C.such novels
D.same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which
B.that
C.whom
D.what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A.which
B.that
C.whom
D.who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A.them
B.which
C.whom
D.who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/
B./;whom
C.whom;/
D./;who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title
B.its title
C.the title of it
D.the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which
B.for that
C.in which
D.what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A.that
B.which
C.as
D.it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which
B.which;when
C.what;that
D.on which;when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which
B.whose
C.what
D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which
B.with which
C.that
D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked
B.which I have looked after C.that I have looked after
D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that
B.that;why
C.for that;that
D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.博学精教 成就学生
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A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which
B.either of which
C.both of that
D.both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was
B.which was
C.as were
D.which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who
B.which
C.that
D.it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that
B.which
C.from that
D.from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that
B.which
C.who
D.as
39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./
B.why
C.when
D.whose
40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.though
41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that
B.what;what
C.which;which
D.that;that 42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who
B.that;which
C.which;that
D.when;which 43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are
B.owns;is
C.own;is
D.own;are
44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed
B.following
C.to follow
D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that
B./
C.which
D.it
46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what
B.through which;what
C.through that;what
D.what;that 47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school
B.this the school
C.this school one
D.this school where 48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as
B.that
C.what
D.who 49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them
B.neither of them
C.neither of which
D.none of which 50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being
B.has been
C.had been
D.have been
参考答案及解析
1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C.“和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。博学精教 成就学生
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4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。
8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.with which是”介词+关系代词“结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有”用“的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在从句中作状语.12.D.with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25.A.for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for ”以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29.D.for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30.B.which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不博学精教 成就学生
金牌教研中心
2012秋季高三英语
能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41.A.what happened是宾语从句.all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44.D.that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46.B.through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48.A.解释见35题。
49.C.因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。博学精教 成就学生
第二篇：定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why * 关系词常有三个作用：
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句 * 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)* 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰
时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？
All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1)关系代词前有介词时； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行词本身是that时；
e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)* 4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句“(that)they visited last month”的宾语，that可以省略)
* 注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系而将介词置于定语从句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、关系副词引导的定语从句
*
1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。
The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句“that I always remember in all my life”的宾语，that可以省略)*
2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.这就是我去年住过的房间。
Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？
Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句“that is being built over there”的主语)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他们上个月参观过
副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)
I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)
He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)
He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)
That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)
That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)
* 英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。
如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)
* 另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。
He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。
* 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who is elected?
Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 语 从 句 练习
一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、单项选择
()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk
C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s
C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）
11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.the one（）
12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one（）
13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one（）
14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）
15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn
B.who
C.that learns D.who learn（）
16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which
B.whom
C.who
D.that
（）
17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what
第三篇：定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句用法小结
概念: 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：
关联词: 关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约：
(1)要看先行词是指人还是指物，(2)要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，(3)要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
在定语从句中充当的成分
指人
指物
指人或指物
主语 who
which
that 宾语 whom which
that 谓语 whose whose(of which)
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that 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says.I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一个守信用的人。
The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向
她打了招呼。
The watch which was lost has been found.The watch that was lost has been found.丢了的表找到了。
Here is the material that you need.Here is the material you need.你要的材料在这儿了。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是听你的话吧。
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关系副词的选用: 如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why
I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。
I don’t know the reason why he did that.I don’t know the reason for which he did that.我不知道他为什么这么做。
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当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, few 1 only, , much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句：
I have explained everything that I can to you.我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。
That’s all that I know.我知道的就是这些。
Can you tell me something that you know? 你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？ There is nothing that I cannot tell you.我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。
The last place that we visited was the farm.我们最后参观的地方是农场。
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还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same … as… , such … as
这里的as 可以指人或物，且引导的是限定性定语从句：
Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。
We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。
It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised.这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。
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限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，则主句意思不完整。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。
The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。
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非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句；which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，而as 在从句中一般只充当主语；which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。
As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all.众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。
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关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。
One of my students whom you are familiar with will come.将要来的那个学生你也认识。1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 2.His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 3.We went through a period __________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 4.Mozart’s birthplace and the house __________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 6.Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.where C.what D.that 7.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 8.I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 9.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister __________ she would stay for an hour.A.where B.who C.which D.what 11.The newly-built cafe, the walls of __________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which
12.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 13.— What do you think of teaching, Bob?
— I find it fun and challenging.It is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 14.It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 15.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A.if B.when C.which D.since 16.Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 17.I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why 18.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.which 20.It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 4
第四篇：高中英语-定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
２ 定语
（一）限定性定语从句
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话。
（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；
（三）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（四）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)
(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)
(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)
(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
（七）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g)为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
（十一）难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?
(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1)Who is the man that is standing there?
(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句
(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语
(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语
(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
［定语从句］介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
第五篇：定语从句讲解与练习
定语从句讲解与练习
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, which, that,关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.(作宾语时可省略，放在介词后不可省。)
一.由 who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词.例如:
This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?
The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.二.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter(that//which)I received was from my father.I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.Do you still remember the days(that//which)we spent together ? This is the man that//who helped me.The house(that//which)we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor(that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.三.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
This is the book(which/that)you want.The building which//that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)
The house(which/that)we live in is not large.This is the watch(which/that)he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)
四、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词,1.但是下列情况只能用that.①.先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All(that)you have to do is to practise every day.There isn’t much(that)I can do.②.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson(that)I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.③.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.④.先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read.(同一本书)
----This is the same book as I want to read.⑤.当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引
导.Who is the man that is standing there ?
Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?
⑥先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when也可用that来引导。
This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.The first time(that)I saw him was in 1972.It’s time(that)we got up.2.that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.五．定语从句中的主谓一致
引导词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定。
1.Here are some sentences that are often used by the students.(as指代sentences，谓语动词用are)。
2.I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.(who指代I, 谓语用am.)。
3.He was one of the students who were praised for it.(who指代the students)他是被表扬的学生之一。
4.He was the only one of the students who was praised for it.(who 指the only one)他是唯一被表扬的学生。
I、用that、which、who、填空
This is the man ____wants to see you.The man ___ you went to see has come.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.The first thing ___________ we should do is to clean the room.You should do all _________I told you to do.The book has nothing_____________interests me.This is the best film ________ has been shown this year.He took away everything __________ belonged to him.This is the very person___I need.I have read all the books__you gave me.He is the only person _____is right.I have read every book ___I can find.They talked much _________ had nothing to do with the matter.There is little ________ I can give you.I will never forget the day ____________ I spent with you.二、单项选择
1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
2.The students were all interested ____ you told them
yesterday.A.in whichB.in that thisC.all thatD.in everything
3.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which
4.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
5.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary_____?
A.what I needB.I needC.which I need itD.that I need it
6.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singingB.is singingC.sangD.was singing
7.Didn’t you see the man ________?
A.I nodded just nowB.whom I nodded just now
C.I nodded to him just nowD.I nodded to just now
8.Is there anything else______ you require ?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
9.The last place _______ we visited was the Great Wall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.A.whichB.that
C.whoD.when
11.Do you know the man _________?
A.whom I spokeB.to who I spokeC.I spoke toD.that I spoke
12.This is one of the best films ________ this year.A.have been shownB.that have shown
C.that have been shownD.which has been shown
13.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn ?
A.thatBxC.whichD.it
14.I’ve read all the books ______ were borrowed from the library.A.thatB.xC.whichD.they
15.Jack is the only one of my friends who ______ helping me paint my house.A.isB areC.wasD.were
16.This is the last time _________ I shall give you a lesson.A.whenB thatC whichD in which
牛津初三英语宾语从句专项练习试卷
宾语从句专项训练
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether
C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come
C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend
C．how he mended D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
7．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave
C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
II．按要求转换句型。
1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？
2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句）→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I．1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II．1．if／whether；enjoys 2．if／whether；needed 3．Neither；nor 4．when；leaves 5．didn't；until 6．whether；came
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