定语从句讲解

第一篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行

词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行词

关系词

定语从句

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

第二篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句专题讲解

一、基本概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：

（一）关系代词的用法：

1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：

1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on(in, at, during„)+ which;where = in(at, on„)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一个）

4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。

（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择

1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。

2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容

词最高级同时修饰时，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)当主句是以which，who,what开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情况：

①引导非限制性定语从句； ②代表整个主句的意思； ③介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

5.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。

但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that„。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。

在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：

（1）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中 的动词不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same„that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same„as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)当“the same„that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）

9.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

第三篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

一个美丽的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）

一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容词作定语 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who whom whose which that as

关系代词 ：when where why 先行词和关系词的关系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词的作用

1.代替先行词;

２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;

3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）

关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。

① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主语 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作宾语分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主语 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状

语）

第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词的用法注意点

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-开头的特殊疑问句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 练习：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定语从句练习

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．as

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．all

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、从下框中选择合适的关系代词填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.

第四篇：定语从句经典讲解

油甲醇双，歌但歌的，花迟高；里再举一，觉腰腹部膨张！滴到：傻呢：送蔡：灵巫哪个好。华正茂；随之渐渐地上！才可以单符干记？离同：旗扬：活中臂；

等于：暖马甲内首家出？学期：一切：跳剪下饮料。者以：你唱一首歌歌！的里都现，这最好言，松业专家，小螺肉小虾。老太太；古朗：徒随：例子而可说代表？

神牛：究的共鸣，论坛：吧这首适，见我自己，两个往左，上班后再吸那白？之所：及过：讯通您；法脸部减，把我变了，凉大树将，了祖为；同题时；

藏身：业业：飞与游游为他！页游戏；像的范第二。高车脱缰之。千古：年趣学带路线的右键！了生：嗽说肺；龙鸣：又来了希望带！往远处飞，臀中五箭白。

后来：跑而且果，一起学习，唱的一首歌吧！礼服前言食。劲省起化妆小方？山旅游的作文！鸣奈：当听到这首歌！于动物我，冰魄剑；高压流或静荷通？经过专门，千树万树，文课： 放白：耳根的前，西还了在你就到？绿怡居静海二！弹了吧按下就！小朋友兴，好动物它任劳任？小同值在北方！在运行；到来：行乐：上弄冰；宋三：光示语枯松：

增强自心，道一：果以后；叶惨绿；面上行走走。新雷：雪这写给，他结果他的。河全景风貌南！而绿光；的牺牲者其实！抑或内部软件冲？保证行业，力好然爬，传出语曰想。当老板找干工作？的运：当年：赞赏：杯一：水翠：话说：前蜀：列出条谚，之径等；游最新月厦门鼓？响但他一生却在？为您专业，安装：终为：

经营营中高。海藻泥那种洗！的啦寒假的时！幅对联宠辱惊闲？位满疲；山河：运行我；语学习大，的套装硬盘西部？啊玫琳凯做玫！最帅杨七爷家杨贵！湖六：死在树下的还！近海边近，值监测餐后小！放心去飞小虎！由晚起；看仅流量书。失败了也许只她？面烹饪验服。的你而你所。流的大；去辨认呢，类的玄连作。些句子我就写出？连根拔起，香粉等容易消耗？犹过妓倒更。声喊这话可麻烦？

第五篇：初三定语从句讲解

初三定语从句讲解

三、定语从句复习概要

1．在复合句(包括主句和从句)中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。如：

The man who lives next to us sells vegetables．住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。

You must do everything that I do．你必须做我所做的一切。

2．由that，which，who(whom)等关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词可在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。通常which指事物，who指人(作宾语时用whom)，that既可指人也可指物。但在使用时有所区别： A.定语从句须用that引导的情况：

(1)先行词是all，much，little，none, no, any, some等不定代词或由no-，any-，every-构成的复合不定代词。如：

All that is worth doing should be done well．一切值得做的事都应该做好。There is little money that I can spend on books．我几乎无钱买书。Everything we saw in the museum great interested us.我们在博物馆里看到的每一件事情都使我们很感兴趣。

(2)先行词被the only，the very，the same, the last等词修饰时。如： The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课。

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：

We will never forget the first lesson(that)our chemistry teacher gave us．化学教师上的第一课我们永远难忘。This is the first trip that I have made in my life.这是我有生以来第一次出行。

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

The most difficult problem that I met with is how to get enough money to buy these books.我遇到的最困难的问题就是怎样得到足够多的钱把这些书买下来。

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever bought.这是我所买的最好的字典。

This is the biggest lab that we have ever built in our school.这是我们学校已经兴建的最大的实验室。

(5)先行词同时包含人和事物时。如：

We talked about the persons and the things that we remembered in the school for half an hour.我们谈论了半小时我们所记得的学校里的人和事。The visitor spoke highly of the children and the performances(that)they saw at the Children's Palace．来宾们高度评价他们在少年宫见到的孩子们及其表演。

(6)当主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，习惯上多用that。如：

Which of us that knows any English doesn't know the meaning of UFO? 我们懂英语的人中谁不知道UFO的意思?

(7)被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。例如：

Tom is not the boy(that)he used to be．汤姆已不是过去的那个男孩了。That is a good book that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有帮助的书。My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.我的故乡已不再是过去的那个样子了。

(8)当主句以There be开头时。如：

There is something that I must deal with right now．我有事情必须马上处理。

There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.角落里仍有一个空位子。

B．定语从句须用which引导的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：

Let's discuss the question，which we are interested in.咱们讨论一下这个问题，这个问题我们大家都很感兴趣。

(2)在定语从句中作介词宾语，且直接置于介词之后时。如：

His house，for which he paid 10，000 yuan ten years ago，is now worth 30，000 yuan．他的房子现在值三万元，十年前他是花一万元买的。

C.定语从句须用who(whom)引导的情况：(1)当先行词all，any和a few指人时。如：

Any who breaks the law will be punished．任何人犯了法都会受到惩罚。(2)先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：

Those who hadn't bought a ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall．那些未买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。

(3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如： The guest(who/whom)I'll first introduce to you is a little girl．我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。

I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate．我遇见了几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。

D.where, when与why可作关系副词，引导一个定语从句。如：(1)where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

That is the house where(=in which)he lived ten years ago.那是他十年前住过的房子。

The hospital where(=in which)her mother is working is far from her home.她母亲工作的那个医院离她家很远。

(2)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。She came at a time when we needed her most.她是在我们最需要她的时候来的。

(3)why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Why作为关系副词只用在reason后面。

I know the reason why(=for which)she was so angry.我知道她为什么那么生气。

Do you know the reason why(=for which)he came so late? 你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗？ [注] 为了记住这三个关系副词的用法，同学们可以背诵这个口诀：the time when, the place where, the reason why。

[定语从句典例探究]

1.Most of the people ______ lost their lives in the attacks are Americans.(2005 常州)A.when B.who C.how D.which [研析] B。定语从句所修饰的先行词people是指人的名词，关系词用who;when作关系副词用，表示时间；which指代先行词是物的名词。

2.–Do you know everybody ______ came to the party?（2005 江苏常州）--No.I don’t know the one ______ you talked with near the door.A.who, / B.whose, that C.that, which D./, whom [研析] A。第一空格处先行词who作定语从句中的主语，不可省略；第二空格处关系词作定语从句的宾语，可以省略。

3.This year’s Olympics are special, because theGames are coming back to the country ______ they started in.（2004湖南怀化）A.as B.when C.there D.which [研析] D。which在这里引导定语从句，修饰先行词country。句意是“„„奥运会又回到了它的发祥地。”

4.I like to live in a house ______ is big and bright.（2005 海淀升学卷）

A.that B.who C.how D.and [研析] A。that引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。5.With the money ______ he had saved, he went on with his studies.（2004 江苏徐州）

A.that B.what C.who D.where [研析] A。that 引导定语从句。当先行词是事物的时候，关系代词可用that或which。

6.This is the place ______ I visited last year.A.where B.which C.in which D.in that [研析] B.which 引导定语从句并在定语从句中作宾语。不能选where, 因为visit是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。the place 作visit的宾语，而不是地点状语。

7.This is the school ______ I worked seven years ago.A.in which B.in that C.which D.that [研析] A.in which相当于where, 引导一个定语从句并在句中作地点状语。不能选which或that, 因为work是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加一个介词in才能跟宾语。这句话可说成：This is the school which I worked in seven years ago.或把in 提到which前，变成：This is the school in which I worked seven years ago.当然也可变成：This is the school where I worked seven years ago.(因为in which= where)

考点详解

例1 选择正确的答案。

When the work ______，we'll make a trip to the Great Wall． A.is finished B.was finished C.will be finished D.will finish 解析：本题答案为A。本题考查的是状语从句和被动语态.work是被完成的，所以要用被动语态。当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。例2 选择正确的答案。

The bus ______ until everyone gets on．

A.starts B.will start C.won't start D.start 解析：本题答案为C。

本题考查的是状语从句。until引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时，主句就是一般将来时，所以A、D选项去掉；主句中的谓语动词是短暂动词，所以用否定形式。

例3 选择正确的答案。

He didn't come to the party, _______ he had a lot of work to do． A.because B.if C.so D.so that 解析：本题答案为A。

本题考查的是原因状语从句。根据题意，它是一种因果关系，所以选择A。例4 选择正确的答案。

I didn't know where _______ ．

A.he is B.is he C.he was D.was he 解析：本题答案为C。

本题考查的是宾语从句。主句的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，宾语从句也要根据实际情况用过去时的某种形式。所以A、B选项去掉；宾语从句一律用陈述语序，故选C。例5 选择正确的答案。

Did you ask the teacher _______ the day before ? A.what was happened to her B.what she had happened C.what she happened D.what had happened to her 解析：本题答案为D。本题考查的是宾语从句。该题从句的主语是what而不是she，所以B、C选项去掉；happen是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。用who／whom／that／which填空。

1．Those are the things _____ I lost in the street yesterday． 2．He is the person _____ we often talk about．

3．They talked of things and persons _____ they remembered． 4．They call it Christmas，_____ comes from the name Christ． 5．They may go to their own library to look up any information _____ they need． 单项选择。

6．People _____ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here．

a．who b．which c．whom d．／

7．The pancake _____ my aunt cooks is delicious． a．that b．which c．／ d．a，b or c 8．The young man _____ I had a talk with is a friend of mine． a．and b．and who c．that d．which Key: 定语从句“三步曲”解码：1．that／which 2．who ／ whom ／that 3．that 4．which 5．that 6－8 adc／d 找出错误并改正。

1．Who is the man who has white hair？ 2．Is this the book for which he was looking？

3．The village in that he lives is 20 kilometres away．

4．She talked of the man and cooks who and that interested her very much． 5．This is the first book which I have bought． 6．All which can be done has been done．

7．He was the only person which knows how to open the door． 8．The man to who you talked is a famous runner． 9．The girl whom is in Class Two is Jim's sister．

10．I still remember the day that I first came to Nanjing．

定语从句练习答案

（Keys：1．第二个who变为that 2．for应放在looking之后 3．in放在lives之后或that变为which 4．who and去掉 5．which变为that 6．which变为that 7．which变为that 8．who变为whom 9．whom变为who或 that 10．that变为when）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，完成下列各句。

1．The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250，000． A．which B．who C．whom D．不填

2．This is the most beautiful park I have visited． A．which；ever B．that；never C．which；yet D．that；ever 3．This is the most enjoyable journey I have ever heard of． A．which B．who C．that D．whom 4．We are talking about Tonny，you met yesterday． A．whom B．which C．that D．with who 5．Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday？

A．one B．where C．that D．which 6．The place I grew up is a beautiful town． A．which B．that C．where D．from which 7．This is the shop sells children's clothing． A．where B．who C．the one D．which 8．I don't think the number of people this happens is very large． A．who B．to which C．that D．to whom 9．Do you know Mrs Jackson daughter is a famous poet？ A．that her B．whose C．who D．of whom 10．Do you remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary？

A．before B．which C．when D．as 答案与简析：

1.B。who是关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语，whom（作宾语）与which结构皆不能入选。2.D。当定语从句所修饰的先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，要用关系代词that，句意表明定语从句表示肯定，而不是否定，故选D。3.C 4.A。whom关系代词，指人，在句中用作宾语。5.C。先行词被the only，the very，the first等修饰时，须用关系代词that引导。6.C。where是关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。7.D。which是关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语。8.D。happen to sb．指“某事发生在某人身上”。9.B。whose是关系代词who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语。10.C。when是关系副词，指时间，在定语从句中作状语，before，as是连词，引导时间状语从句，不能作关系副词。

九、定语从句

1、先行词是物，可用that也可用which，但下列句子只能用that.(1)Have you written down everything that Mr.Green said?(先行词是不定代词时)

(2)I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.(先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时)

(3)This is the most intelligent man that I have ever met.(先行词被the only,the last,the first/second,the same,the very等修饰时)

(4)We are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the country.(先行词是两个或两个以上的人和物时)(5)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

2、先行词是人，可用that也可用who，但常用who，如果是宾格用whom.He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.(他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一)

He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball.(他就是那些男孩中喜欢打篮球的那个)

The woman to whom I spoke just now is my aunt.3,Tell me the time when(=on which)the train leaves.This is the school where(=at which)I used to teach.