高中英语被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)

第一篇：高中英语被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)

高中英语被动语态

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are +done(过去分词)一般现在时

2）has /have been done 现在完成时

3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时

4）was/were done 一般过去时

5）had been done 过去完成时

6）was/were being done 过去进行时

7）shall/will be done 一般将来时

8）should/would be done 过去将来时

9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态)。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省 by 短语)。

例 My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）

三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped

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高中英语被动语态

that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1． 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

2． 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）

3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

试比较：I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out.（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5． 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）

7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前

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高中英语被动语态

一般不用冠词。

1.“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

例The building is under construction(is being constructed).2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief(令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。

例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．

3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．

4．“for+名

词”结构，表示 “适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。

例That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold).5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。

例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)

6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control(控制不了)，out of sight（超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。

例 The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled)．。

8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．

七、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

例The glass is broken．（系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy．（被动语态）

2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

例The door is locked．（系表结构）

The door hasalready/just been locked．（被动语态）

3．被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态与完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired．

八、被动语态与高考试题赏析

1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

1).In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar.(NMET1993)A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 2).This is Ted’s phone.We miss him a lot.He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing 3).----Have you moved into the new house?

----Not yet, the rooms _____.(NMET1991)

A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting

4).When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet.（上海春2003）

A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

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高中英语被动语态

5).The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.A.was booked B.had been booked C.were booked D.have been booked

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1).Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 2).While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 3）.I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.（上海2002）

A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blame 【强化训练】

1.If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner． A． are not kept；will have to

B． are not kept；have C． do not keep；will have to

D． do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.A.developed

B.have developed

C.are being developed

D.will have been developed 3.---____ the sports meet might be put off．

---Yes，it all depends on the weather．

A． I've been told B． I've told

C． I'm told

D． I told

4.I need one more stamp before my collection ___.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

5.Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut

C.are being cut D.had been cut

6.The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed

7.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A.breaks

B.has broken

C.was broken

D.had been broken

8.Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.A.have been taken place;have been set up

B.have taken place;have been set up

C.have taken place;have set up

D.were taken place;were set up

9.That suit __ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed

D.cost

10.---Look!Everything here is under construction.---What’s the pretty small house that __ for?

A.is being built

B.has been built

C.is built

D.is building

11.---Do you like the material?

---Yes, it ___ very soft.A.is feeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.is felt

12.It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．

A． write

B．to write C． to be written

D． written

13.I have no more letters ____，thank you．

A． to type B． typing

C． to be typed

D． typed

14.Take care!Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.A.won’t wash out B.won’t be washed out C.isn’t washed out D.isn’t washing out

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高中英语被动语态

15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.A.be put up

B.give in

C.be turned on

D.go out 16.The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.A.belongs B.are belonged to C.belongs to

D.belong to 17.---What do you think of the book?---Oh, excellent.It’s worth ___ a second time.A.to read

B.to be read

C.reading

D.being read 18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught

D.to catch 19.This page needed ___ again.A.being checked

B.checked

C.to check

D.to be checked 20.___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises A.Having taught B.Having been taught

C.taught D.Teaching

专题训练

1.Our house_____，A.is getting paint B.is getting painted

C.is got painted D.has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend.A.was met by B.was met C.was meeting D.met by 3.The war_____in 1937

A.was broken out B.had been broken out

C.has broken out D.broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher.A.cross B.be crossing C.be crossed by D.cross by 5.My brother and I have __________her birthday party.A.been invited B.been invited for C.invited to D.been invited to

6.It_______this way

A.is had to do B.is had to be done C.had to be done D.has to do 7.It__this way.A used to do B.used to be done C.is used to do D.is used to doing 8._____Chaplin.A.The child's name was called B.The child's name calls C.The child calls D.The child is named 9.The sports meeting____.A.is put off B.is to put off C.is to be put off D.puts off 10.Mary realized she_________

A.was making fun of B.was made fun C.was being made fun of D.was being made fun 11.______to say a thing in that way

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高中英语被动语态

A.It is considers wrong B.It is considered wrong C.It is considered it's wrong D.It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_______at once.A.would be printed B.would print C.be printed D.print 13.The story______in ChinA.A.was taken place B.was happened

C.took place D.has been taken place 14.The house_____my parents

A.is belong to B.belong to C.belongs to D.is belonged to 15.He_______by his teacher.A.happened to see B.was happened to see C.happened to be seen D.was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_____in our province.Many tall buildings.A.have been taken place, have been set up

B.have taken place, have been set up

C.have been taken place, have been set up

D.were taken place, were set up

17.The hall's____but it's not yet____with lamps.A.furnished, finished B.been finished, been furnished

C.being finished, being furnished D.set up, full

18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._____from here?

A.Can it see B.Can it be seen C.Can it seen D.Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_____.A.had already taken off B.already took off

C.was already taking off D.was already taken off 20.Some of the hotels in my hometown_________.A.have now been rebuilding B.are now rebuilding

C.are now being rebuilt D.are rebuilt now

21.If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．

A.are not kept；will have to B.are not kept；have

C.do not keep；will have to D.do not keep；have to

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高中英语被动语态

22.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.A.developed B.have developed

C.are being developed D.will have been developed 23.---____ the sports meet might be put off．

---Yes，it all depends on the weather．

A.I've been told B.I've told C.I'm told D.I told 24.I need one more stamp before my collection ___.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 25.Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 26.The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken 28.Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.A.have been taken place;have been set up

B.have taken place;have been set up

C.have taken place;have set up

D.were taken place;were set up 29.That suit __ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost 30.---Look!Everything here is under construction.---What's the pretty small house that __ for?

A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building 31.---Do you like the material?---Yes, it ___ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

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高中英语被动语态

32.It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．

A.write B.to write C.to be written D.written 33.I have no more letters ____，thank you．

A.to type B.typing C.to be typed D.typed 34.Take care!Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.A.won't wash out B.won't be washed out C.isn't washed out D.isn't washing out 35.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out 36.The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.A.belongs B.are belonged to C.belongs to D.belong to 37.---What do you think of the book?---Oh, excellent.It's worth ___ a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 38.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 39.This page needed ___ again.A.being checked B.checked C.to check D.to be checked 40.___ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises

A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught

D.Teaching

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高中英语被动语态

八、被动语态与高考试题赏析

1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

1.解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2.解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3.解析 A “house”与“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4.解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境与关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5.解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查 1.解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2.解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A与D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3.解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame，to let等。

【强化训练】

key 1--5 ACADC

6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB 专题训练

Keys 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 C B 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 B 17 B 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 A 22 C 23 A 24 D 25 C 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 D 30 A 31 C 32 B 33 C 34 A 35 D 36 D 37 C 38 C 39 D 40 B

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第二篇：高中英语表语从句讲解及练习

表语从句

1、概述

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。

That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。

3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。

4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。

Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。

I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。

That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。

5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表语从句的系动词有：

1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound，taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run，fall 5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as

though(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which

/ what

连接副词：when / where / why / how /

because

注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。

The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事实是我没去那儿。

［考题1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007上海)

A.when B.why C.whether D.that

［答案］ D

［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。

［考题2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(2004)

A.why B.where C.what D.how

［答案］ B

［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。

［考题3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)

A.why B.when C.what D.where

［答案］ A

［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。

［考题4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000上海)

A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that

［答案］ A

［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。

［考题5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春)

A.What;because B.What;that

C.That;what D.That;because

［答案］ B

［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。

［考题6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh, that’s ____.(2003北京春)

A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about

C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited

［答案］ A

［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。

表语从句与宾语从句的关系

不属于的

宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。

宾语从句

(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点

①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。

②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。

③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。

如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。

This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。

That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。

注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。

as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。

She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。

It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。

1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that

B.if

C.when

D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because

B.that

C.for

D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where

B.there

C.there where

D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get

B.what we can get C.who we can get

D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that

B.if

C.whether

D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that

B.when

C.why

D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that

B.when

C.why

D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like

C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why

B.when

C.what

D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill

B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill

D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what

B.where

C.that

D.why

that/what的区别

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you

B.That；how you are

C.How；that you are

D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what

B.that

C.how

D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what

B.where

C.the place

D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be

B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being

D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that

B.That … what C.What … what

D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such

高考练习—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）

A.why

B.what

C.when

D.where.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why

D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.（06 全国）

A.when

B.which

C.where

D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)

---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited

B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it

D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北）A.the way

B.in the way that

C.in the way

D.the way which

答案 DBACCACDDCCB that/what的区别 DBAAAC 高考练习ABDAA

第三篇：高中英语-定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句

定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．

２ 定语

（一）限定性定语从句

1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略

4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话。

（二）非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4.有时as也可用作关系代词

5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；

（三）关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。

（七）介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法例

1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；

例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

（十）关系代词that 的用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g)为了避免重复．

(h)先行词是the way时

举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（十一）难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1)Who is the man that is standing there?

(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)

(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句

(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语

(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语

(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有： when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

［定语从句］介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

第四篇：高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

高中英语主谓一致

一）主谓一致的种类

1．语法形式上的一致

1)主语为单数形式（一个单数名词，一个ving（短语），一个to do（短语）或一个从句），谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式（复数名词，两个或两个以上的ving（短语）、to do（短语）或从句），谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代词作主语，主语是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，谓语用单数。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）复数形式的名词作主语。主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等复数名词，谓语用复数。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意义上一致

1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集体名词，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数(指代不可数名词)或复数（指代复数名词）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。单、复数同形的名词deer，sheep做主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）

5）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名词+and+名词”做主语，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，要根据of后的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。名词为不可数名词或单数可数名词时，谓语用单数；名词为复数时，谓语用复数。

80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代词“each,/every+单数名词+and+单数名词”或“each,/every+单数名词+and+ each,/every+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)从句作主语

由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但由what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名词复数”，谓语用复数，“the number of +复数名词”谓语用单数。

13）“a quantity of +不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词的数取决于名词是否可数。“quantities of +不可数名词/ 可数名词” 作主语，谓语用复数。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

1)用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主语由more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park

1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”

A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy

1.解析：选B.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s 2.解析：选D.当either „or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。

3.解析：选A.who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.4.解析：选D.主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

5.解析：选C.there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。

6.解析：选A.主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。

7.解析：选A.主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8.解析：选C.此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9.解析：选B.both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C.either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。

11.解析：选B.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。

12.解析：选A.此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13.解析：选A.此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14.解析：选A.此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：选B.此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16.解析：选D.此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17.解析：选C.本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。

18.解析：选A.本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19.解析：选B.本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C.根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21.解析：选B.本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22.解析：选B.用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B.本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。

24.解析：选B.本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A.本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。

26.解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27.解析：选D.主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。Long ago 表示过去.28.解析：选C.因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.29.解析：选A.主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。

30.解析：选C.本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。

第五篇：被动语态的讲解及练习题

被动语态讲解与练习题

语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

一．被动语态的时态：

1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词 2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词 3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词

4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词 5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词 6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词 二．被动语态的基本用法:(1)需要强调动作的承受者时

The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时

Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.The problem is dealt with now.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时

It is said that she was a beauty when she was young.三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：

口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。

注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。

2.主动、被动的句式要一致。

3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤

1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即“be+过去分词”。

3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变

5, 被动语态中“by+宾语”的省略

被动语态句式中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者“by +宾语”常常被省略。(1)动作执行者不确定时

Paper is made from wood.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.(2)不必表明动作执行者时

English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages Football is played in most schools。(3)动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式

(1)肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute.(2)否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by She was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.(3)一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ? Was it made of bamboo?(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by What was is made of ? 教你一招

如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are 如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were.由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式

(1)肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2)否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by You must not take out any books.-Any books mustn't be taken out by you.They needn't look after the little child----The little child needn't be looked after(by them)(3)疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by Can you use it ?------Can it be used ? 常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况: 1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you? We will have a meeting.四．特殊情况的被动语态： 1.带双宾语的被动语态： 动词+ sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。

give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb.2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。

buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book

I ______ ______ a book by him.A book ____ ____ _____ me by him.My mother made me a cake.I ____ _____ a cake by my mother

A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother.2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth----sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day

The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.3.see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。

I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old.The old should ______ _____ _____ _____.五．注意事项：

1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态： last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine , 2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：

happen ,take place ,appear , hold(容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….The dish tastes good.4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done.All the computers need repairing.= All the computers need _____ _____ _____.6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.被动语态专项练习

一、选择题（2×15=30分）

()1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow()4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited()5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives()6.How many trees ____ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted()7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done()8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?--Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used()9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known()10.Who _____ this book _____? A.did;written B.was;written by C.did;written D.was;written()11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us()12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump()13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put()14.Older people ____ well.A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after()15.Our teacher ______ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It's said(据说)that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________（discuss）now．

3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．

5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．

6.The students _____ often _____(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.7.The old man is ill.He ______(must send)to the hospital.8.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________(sell)in this shop.9.What _______ knives ______(make)of ? They_______________(make)of metal(金属)and wood.10.Can the magazine ________(take)out of the library? 11.The room _____________(clean)by me every day.12.The stars can’t _____________(see)in the daytime.13.Some flowers _______________(water)by Li Ming already.14.This kind of shoes __________(sell)well.15.How long _____ your uncle ______(be)in the city? 16.The food _____________(smell)delicious.17.Look!Someone __________(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_______ people _________ tea in South China？

2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）

A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days.(对划线提问)How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4.The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态)An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.5.You needn't do it now.(改为被动语态)It ______ ________ ________ by you now.6.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态)Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.7.He made me do that for him.(改为被动语态)I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为被动语态)__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses.(改为被动语态)The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。(1×10=10分)①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____（买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________(覆盖)the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful.____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________ Answers

一、选择题（2×15=30分）

1.B2.D3.A 4.C5.6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B15.A

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2.is being discussed 3.is spoken 4.hasn’t been found 5.were cut 6.are told 7.must be sent 8.are sold 9.are made , are made 10.be taken 11.is cleaned 12.be seen 13.have been watered 14.sells 15.has been 16.smells 17 is dancing

三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（1×30=30分）

1.Do, grow 2.is given to me 3.soon is 4.will be sung5.needn’t be done 6.is used for 7.was made to do 8.is being watched 9.was built 10.have been sold 11.is called

四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。(1×10=10分)① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with

五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered ④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom