第一篇：高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习（共）
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
同位语从句讲义及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whe】 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
ther
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
巩固性练习：
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why
D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./
D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that
B.as
C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that
D.when
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad.(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2.从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作
received的宾语,可以省略?)
高二英语短文改错专题复习
知识总结归纳：
短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯，但有九行文字中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。它所涉及的知识面很广，能力要求较高。而且题中所设的错误常常是考生自己在写作中经常出的语法错误，是专门针对考生的弱点而设的。但它又从另一个角度考查了语法知识的运用。因此，做题时，应从以下几个方面着手解题：动词使用错误；名词使用错误；形容词，副词使用错误；连词使用错误；代词使用错误；冠词使用错误；介词使用错误，上下文逻辑错误等。
在研究每一行的句子时，首先把握句子的意思，然后划分句子的成分：主语；谓语部分；宾语；状语：地点，时间，方式等。如果句子是并列句或复合句，先分开各部分小的分句，根据各个分句之间的关系判断使用的连词是否正确。然后再研究各个分句的成分。
（一）名词使用错误：名词一般在句中做主语或宾语，名词的错误主要在于名词单，复数的错误使用。1.They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： 2.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3.We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：4.Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day.：。
5.He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：6.On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：
That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt„.：
（二）动词使用的错误：
<一> 作为谓语动词，注意谓语动词在时态，语态，与主语是否一致以及用词方面的问题。1.My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school team.：
2..Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：
I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.： 4.„the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.Evening came down.： 5.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：6.The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.<二> 作为非谓语动词，现在分词，过去分词，动名词，不定式形式的使用错误，同时注意非谓语动词在平行结构中出现的错误。
1.Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：2.He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：
<三> 形容词，副词使用错误：
注意：① 形容词和副词的比较级，原级，最高级使用方面的问题。② 修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。③ 以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。④ 形容词和副词的混用。1.I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting： 2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.：
3.„his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：
4.4.People will work few hours than they do now.： 5.Computers will be more smaller and useful„.：
6.Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved.<四> 连词使用错误：并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句，状语从句，定语从句中主，从句的连接词的误用根据主从句的关系可以发现。1.My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.： 2.My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.3.It deosn’t matter that I would win or not.4.An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：
5.The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.： 解题思路：
首先要理解整个短文的含义，逻辑关系，篇章结构。再仔细研究每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法判断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时一定以整句为单位。【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）
A You can find all kinds information in just
1._____ a few minute on the Internet.It’s like going to a
2._____ huge library without have to walk around to find
3._____ your books.Recently even though, many people
4._____ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet
5._____ They have been reports in America about people
6._______ trying to steal person information for bad purposes.Finding information on the Net is easily.But not all information are good to society.For example, you
can find such information like how to kill people.The problem will become more serious in the future.B This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival.My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.One time, I just couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner.As I was about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me.Shake her hand, she said, ‘It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologizeand controlled me at my best till the dinner started.You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”7._______ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.________ 8
第二篇：高中英语表语从句讲解及练习
表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表语从句的系动词有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound，taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run，fall 5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as
though(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which
/ what
连接副词：when / where / why / how /
because
注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事实是我没去那儿。
［考题1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007上海)
A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
［考题2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(2004)
A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。
［考题3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
［考题4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000上海)
A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
［考题5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春)
A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
［考题6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.(2003北京春)
A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
不属于的
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why
that/what的区别
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such
高考练习—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.（06 全国）
A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北）A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
答案 DBACCACDDCCB that/what的区别 DBAAAC 高考练习ABDAA
第三篇：高中英语-定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
２ 定语
（一）限定性定语从句
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话。
（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；
（三）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（四）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)
(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)
(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)
(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
（七）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g)为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
（十一）难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?
(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1)Who is the man that is standing there?
(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句
(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语
(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语
(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
［定语从句］介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
第四篇：高中英语状语从句练习与讲解
状语从句
状语从句在句中相当于副词做状语,又叫副词性从句。状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句。掌握状语从句应当引导词入手，注意引导词的词义,引导状语从句的引导词都有词思,所以,了解引导词的意思尤为重要。引导词按意义分为九类:
1)时间when , as , while , till , until , before, after , since
2)地点where
3)原因because , as , since , now that
4)条件if , unless , once.so(as)long as.in case
5)让步though , whatever(--ever)as, even though, even if
6)目的so that, in order that
7)结果so...that
8)比较than, as..as
9)方式as , as if
例如:
1．I fell asleep when(as , while)he was doing his exercises.他正作练习时我睡着了。（时间状语从句）
2．When he arrived in Shanghai , his mother met him at the station.他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。（时间状语从句）
3．She always sings as she walks.她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句）
4．I waited until he had finished his work.我等到他做完活。（时间状语从句）
5．It was not long before he told me about this affair.不久，他就告诉我这件事。（时间状语从句）
6．He has worked very hard since he entered the factory.自从他进厂，工作一直很努力。（时间状语从句）
7．After he had finished the work , he went home.他干完活，回家了。（时间状语从句）
8．Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（地点状语从句）
9．She didn't come to school because she was ill.她由于有病没来上学。（原因状语从句）
10．As he did not know much English , he looked up the word in the dictionary.由于他不懂什么英语，所以查字典。（原因状语从句）
11．Now that(Since)I've told you twice , you must know it.既然我告诉你两次了，你必须记住。（原因状语从句）
12．Once he says that , he will do it.一旦他说了，他就会做。（条件状语从句）
13．Unless I receive the letter from him , I won't write to him again.如果我不收到他的信，就不给他写回信。（条件状语从句）
14．So long as you work hard , you are sure to succeed.只要你努力工作，就一定能成功。（条件状语从句）
15．Thoughwewere neither very big nor very strong , we were a good team.虽然我们个儿不大，身体不壮，但是个好队。（让步状语从句）
16．No matter who she is , she'll have to wait.无论她是谁，也得等。（让步状语从句）
17．Poor as he was , he was honest.虽然他很穷，但很诚实。（让步状语从句）
18．It also shows you the caller's telephone numberin order that you can recognize who it is.它能向你显示打电话人的号码以便能够认出是谁。（目的状语从句）19．He was so excited that he could not say a word.他如此激动以至于说不出话来。（结果状语从句）20．He works as hard as he used to.他工作与过去一样努力。（方式状语从句）21．You must do as I told you.你必须按我告诉你的去做。（方式状语从句）
运用状语从句应注意的几个问题:
1)状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时
2)because不与so连用,表示“因为...所以”二者只能选择其一;though(although)不与but连用,表示“虽然...但是” ,二者只能选择其一.3)同一引导词可以引导不同种类的从句.如: where
You'll find itwhere it was.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the addresswhere he lives.(定语从句)
I don't knowwhere he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has goneis not known yet.(主语从句)
This is where they once lived.(表语从句)
since , as, when也分别可以引导不同种类的从句.练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1.I haven't heard from him _____ he went to America.2.He won't be here _____ he is invited.3.He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.4.We found the key _____ she lad left it.5.We found the books two days ____ he had gone away.6.We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.7.He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman.8.He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.9.Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test.10.She sang ______ she went along.答案：1.since 2.unless 3.because 4.where 5.after 6.than 7.as if8.so that9.before 10.as II.改错
1.The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2.Since her husband had died , so she had to supporther family.3.He won't go out until his mother will come.4.He was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam.5.Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6.It was three months since he came to our school.7.The playground of our school is larger than their school.8.The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.9.Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain , the fields are green.10.She singssongsas ifshe is a bird.答案：1.can改为could 2.去掉so 3.will come改为comes 4.very改为so 5.as soon as改为when 6.was改为is 7.than之后加上that of8.than后加those in9.whatever改为wherever 10.is改为were
III.找出从句并指出是那类从句
1.It depends on whether we have enough time.2.The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3.The mountain is no longer what it used to be.4.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5.He wasnotthe man that he was before.6.Nowyou was free , why not go swimming with us ?
7.Where there are schools and colleges , there are examinations.8.Bad habits , once firmed , are difficult to give up.9.She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does..The moment he opened the window , a bird flew in.答案：
1.whether we have enough time介词宾语从句
2.he asked定语从句where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句
3.what it used to be表语从句
4.that she works hard同位语从句
5.that he was before定语从句
6.Nowyou was free让步状语从句now= now that
7.Where there are schools and colleges地点状语从句
8.once firmed时间状语从句
9.as her twin sister does定语从句
10.The moment he opened the window时间状语从句
IV.填入适当的引导词完成句子
1.____ will do the experiment comes to the professor's office.2.___ will do the experiment hasn't been decided.3.The teacher didn't leave ______ twelve o'clock.4.______ the day went on , the weather got worse.5._____ she is young , she knows quite a lot.6.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.7.You will be late ____ you leave immediately.8.Go and get your coat.It's ______ you left it.9.______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.10.____ had I entered the room ____ the phone rang.答案：1.Whoever 2.Who 3.until 4.As 5.Although 6.that 7.unless 8.where 9.As 10 Hardly, when(No sooner , than)V.改错
1.Is this the watch for which he is looking now ?
2.This is all which I can do for you.3.Do you know the old man at the back of the room, whom has been chosen head of the factory.4.I want to know the way which you learn new words.5.Can you tell me that there's a bookstore near here ?
6.Our school quite different from that it was before.7.If she likes the present is not clear to me.8.For she is ill , shehasn't come to school.9.It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.10.He is cleverer than any boy in his class.答案：1.for放在looking之后2.which改为that3.whom改为who 4.which改为how 5.that改为whether 6.that改为what 7.If改为Whether 8.For改为Because 9.so改为such 10.any后加other
第五篇：高中 同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)
同位语从句讲义
1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作 动词的宾语时可省略。意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语 如：
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位语从句，that不可省)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
同位语从句
是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
详细信息 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1.名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4.句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
同位语从句-引导词
同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1.连词that引导同位语从句
（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
其它引导词引导的同位语从句
连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）
3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）
4.连接副词引导同位语从句
连接副词when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
同位语从句-相关语法
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
二、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？
三、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
四、同位语从句的先行词
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。
有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。
You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。
同位语从句-语法区别 与定语从句的的语法区别： 1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2.引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4.被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）
同位语从句-特殊形式
1.间隔同位语从句
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句
2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。
简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。
3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句
I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。
简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。
同位语从句-雅思例句 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.同位语从句练习题
用适当的连接词填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.--Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7.Word came____I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.10.It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.B.单项选择
It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.A.that
B.what
C.that, what
D.what, that 2.Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.A.it, if
B.that, if
C.it, whether
D.this, whether 3.--What are you anxious about?
--____ A.How can we succeed
B.Whether we can succeed
C.When can we succeed
D.That we can succeed 4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.A.why, why
B.why, that
C.that, because
D.for, because 5.____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Who
B.Whoever
C.Anyone
D.The person 6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.A.where it was that
B.it was that
C.where it was
D.it was why 7.? Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can’t remember ____.A.where
B.there
C.which
D.that 8.--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.A.How, what
B.What, what
C.How, that
D.What, that 9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.A.who
B.whom
C.whoever
D.whomever
10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.A.That, that
B.What, what
C.That, what
D.What, that
练习二
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.that
B.what
C.which D.why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which
B.that
C./
D.it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when
B.that
C.what
D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when
B.which
C.what
D.that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which
B.whether
C.that
D.what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
练习一答案A.1.that 2.what 3.what，whether 4.that 5.who 6.why 7.that 8.which 9.where 10.whatever B.1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 练习二答案：1-5 AABBA
6-10 BDCAA
同位语从句
是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
详细信息 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1.名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4.句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
同位语从句-引导词
同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1.连词that引导同位语从句
（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
其它引导词引导的同位语从句
连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）
3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）
4.连接副词引导同位语从句
连接副词when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
同位语从句-相关语法
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
二、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？
三、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
四、同位语从句的先行词
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。
有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。
You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。
同位语从句-语法区别 与定语从句的的语法区别：
1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2.引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4.被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）
同位语从句-特殊形式
1.间隔同位语从句
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句
2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。
简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。
3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句
I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。
简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。
同位语从句-雅思例句 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.
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