浅议同位语从句

第一篇：浅议同位语从句

浅议同位语从句

夏文华（河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码：064400）

摘要：同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象，为了使学生更好地理解并掌握这一语法现象，本文从同位语从句的含义、正确运用同位语从句的引导词以及同位语从句和定语从句的区别等几个方面对同位语从句进行了探讨和分析。

关键词：同位语从句，同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象，由于与定语从句位置相同，且汉语中没有相同的概念，因此很多学生对于这一语法现象理解不够透彻，在学习时总是较难掌握。笔者结合自己多年的教学工作经验对这一语法现象进行一下分析。

一、同位语从句

1.所谓同位语，顾名思义，就是位于名词或代词后，对之起进一步解释说明作用的词，如果起此作用的不是一个词而是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫做同位语从句。

2.常跟有同位语从句的名词：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。

例如：人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 3课文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用连接词：同位语从句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引导。

如人教版高中英语教材第二册Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位语有一个典型句型I have no idea结构，有的人把这个句型列入宾语从句的范畴，因为I have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是严格的从语法角度来看还应该属于同位语从句。

I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有时候主句的谓语比较短，同位语从句比较长，这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位语从句和定语从句的比较

1.从位置上看。同位语从句与定语从句在句中的位置都是在名词后，不同之处在于：定语从句对对它前面的名词起修饰限制的作用，属于形容词性从句；同位语从句主要是对它前面的名词进行解释和说明，属于名词性从句。例如人教版 高中英语教材第二册Unit 14有这样一个同位语从句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、从连接词that上看。在同位语从句中，that是连词，在从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，没有实在意义，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定语从句中，that是关系代词，在从句中起连接作用，并充当从句中的句子成分（主语、宾语、表语等）。that作宾语时可以省略，同时指代先行词。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、从内容上看。对于有些名词后既可以带有定语从句，又可以带有同位语从句的情况，一般是根据从句和名词的关系来进行判断，如果是对名词作进一步的阐明，则是同位语从句，反之则是定语从句，另外还可以从名词本身的意思来进行判断，带有同位语从句的名词一般为抽象名词，而定语从句几乎可以修饰任何名词。

比较：

(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定语从句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位语从句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议，不是别人的建议，也就是限定了the suggestion的范围，但并没有说明建议的内容，从结构上分析，that是give的宾语，所以这个从句是定语从句。

(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容，同时，that只起连词作用，在从句中既不是主语，也不是宾语，但不能省略，所以它是同位语从句。

又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通过同样的办法我们可以判断(1)句中划线部分为定语从句，(2)句中划线部分为同位语从句。

很多学生认为英语中的语法现象有的很相似，不易区分，其实任何一种语言中的语法现象都不是完全相同的，而是有区别的，只要我们在平时的学习中多注意，多观察，认真领会并分析，相信一定能够区分并能很好运用。

参考书目： 外语教学与研究出版社《使用英语语法》张道真编著

高等教育出版社 《高级英语语法》薄冰主编

人民教育出版社

普通高级中学英语教科书

作者姓名：夏文华

联系电话：*** 通讯地址：河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码：064400

第二篇：同位语从句教案[最终版]

必修三unit5.Grammer 同位语从句

一、教学目标：（Teaching aims and demands）: 1)To review the knowledge of the Noun Clause that they’ve learned 2)To master the usage of The Appositive Clause

二、教学重点（Teaching important points）: 1)To understand the concept of The Attributive Clause 2)To mater the usage of the Attributive Clause

三、教学难点（Teaching difficult points）: 1)How to help students to recognize the Appositive Clause correctly 2)How to help them compare the Appositive Clause with the Attributive Clause correctly

四、教学方法（Teaching methods）: 1)Task – based teaching(任务型教学)2)Discovering , discussing and summarizing（发现法、讨论法与归纳法）

五、教学步骤（Teaching steps）Step 1.Revision(复习)同学们，还记得我们学过哪些名词性从句吗？请你们看一下下面的例句，写出它们划线部分的从句类型：①主语从句②表语从句③ 宾语从句

1.She wants to know what kind of films I like.(_________)2.That is what I want to tell you.(_________)3.Whether she will go there is not known(_________)4.It is a pity that he can't attend the party.(_________)5.The teacher suggested that he(should)read the novel.(______)6.I will tell you why I was late for the meeting.(______)Step 2.Discovering useful structures.（判断划线部分成分）

请同学们观察下面的句子中划线的部分，思考它们在句子中所作的成分。1.Mrs.Liu , our English teacher , doesn’t live far from school.2.My friend , Zhanghui , often helps other classmates.3.The news that our class won the basketball match made me very happy.4.They asked me the question whether he came from America.Summary（小结）

一般的，________ 成分是对其前面的名词或代词进行______和 _______。

我们把对前面的_____ 名词进行解 释、_____ 的从句称为______ 从句。

Step3.Discovering useful structures.（读句子，注意划线句子前的名词）

1.The news that he has passed the driving test is true.2.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.3.There is no doubt that he will keep his promise 4.The suggestion that a new bridge(should)be built was accepted.5.We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting be held on time.6.I have no idea when he will be back.7.He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.8.Word came that the pop star would hold a live concert in our city.Summary(小结）

1.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常都是________ 名词，例如有news , suggestion , ____________，__________ , ____________ ___________ 等

2.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡。

3.引导同位语从句的的连词有________，它在句子中没有实际______，在句中不作________。

若同位语从句的意义不完整，需要有“是否”的含义时，应用________ ；如果同位语从句意义不完整，需要有“谁”，“什么时候”，“在哪里”，“为什么”等含义时，分别可以用________，________，________，________ 等连词引导。Step 4.Practice(练习）

请你选择适当的连词引导同位语从句（that , who , where , what ,whether and how)1.The news ________ Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.2.We haven’t yet settled the question ________we are going to spend our summer

vacation this year.3.The question ________ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4.I have no idea ________the boy is doing in the next room now.5.I have no idea ________I can get to the railway station.6.The problem ________we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.Step 5.Discovering grammar useful structure.请同学们观察下面的句子判断哪一句是同位语从句哪一句子是定语从句。1.The news that they won the match is true.2.The news that they told me yesterday is true.Summary(小结)：我们通过观察发现，句1中的that 引导的是__________ 从句，对news 起着_________ , ___________作用, 句2中 的 that 引导的是___________从句，对 news 起着_________ 作用，在从句中做___________成分。

Summary(小结）定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1.定语从句是对先行词进行________，限制作用；同位语从句对前面________名词进行_____、说明作用；

2.定语从句中的连词that在句中充当_______成分而且可以省略,that引导同位语从句，在从句中______句子成分，一般______省略。Step 6.Exercise: 判断下列从句是同位语从句还是定语从句

1.The order when we should return hasn’t been decided.2.The day when new China was founded will never be forgotten.3.I have no idea where she lives.4.I don’t know the place where she lives.5.The fact that the earth turns around the sun is known to all.6.The news that she told me yesterday made me very surprised.Step 7.Homework Review the knowledge of the Noun Clause that they learned.Step 8.The design of writing on the blackboard

1)、引导同位语从句的的连词有________，它在句子中没有实际______，在句中不作________。

若同位语从句的意义不完整，需要有“是否”的含义时，应用________ ；如果同位语从句意义不完整，需要有“谁”，“什么时候”，“在哪里”，“为什么”等含义时，分别可以用________，________，________，________ 等连词引导。

2)、定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1.定语从句是对先行词进行________，限制作用；同位语从句对前面________名词进行_____、说明作用；

2.定语从句中的连词that在句中充当_______成分而且可以省略,that引导同位语从句，在从句中______句子成分，一般______省略。

第三篇：定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21

定语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳 大利亚的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科 学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。１.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)这是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系 代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。（将先行词带入试试，可以看出介词是否有问题）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父 母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些 苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总 共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

四、关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

句型 意义 翻译 非限制性定语从句 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句 限制性定语从句 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 逗号 that 限制性定语从句举例： 有 不可用 无 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说 汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很 严格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中国是1949年 成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

（一）只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4．当先行词被the very（恰恰）, the only（唯一）, the sane（同样）, the last（最后）等词修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。7.当先行词是way，manner，measure等表示方法的词和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我们援助他们的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

（二）只能使用关系词which不使用that的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系词which,不能使用关系词that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得它很轻。2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。（该句中的in which=where）

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。注：that引导的从句修饰先行词the novel，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the library。

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于提高你英语的那本英语语法书。注：句中俩逗号夹的那一部分就是插入语，为了不影响对句子结构的理解，看到插入语类似这种的成分可以先划掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行词为that时。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。注：该句也可以换成名词性从句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

同位语：一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分，对前者进一步说明。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明前面名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。同位语从句的引导词有：关系代词（that,，whether，what，which，who），关系副词（when，where，why，how），通常由that引导。常用于同位语从句的名词有：advice（建议），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答应），request（要求），suggestion（建议），wish（希望），word(话),agreement（一致意见），assumption（假定），awareness（意识），belief（信仰），conclusion（结论），conviction（深信），decision（决定），delusion（错觉），determination（决心），discovery（发现），doubt（怀疑），dream（梦想），evidence（证据），explanation（解释），fact（事实），feeling（感觉），guarantee（保证），guess（猜测）,hope(希望),idea(观点), knowledge(认识),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(观念),objection(反对),opinion(观点),possibility(可能性),prediction(预测),probability(可能性),problem(问题),proof(证据),proposal(建议),proposition(论点、主张),question(问题),realization(认识),rumor(传闻),sign(迹象),truth(事实),theory(理论),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名词。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

二、同位语从句的引导词使用情况

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。同位语从句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽 车。

三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与先行词是同位关系；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它与先行词是修饰关系。We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

二、引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告诉我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

三、被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为 什么这是最好的选择。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以发展成完整句子 同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是students,指人，所以引导定语从句应该用whom，也可以说twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是没有一个的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于两者之间）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为“such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as”引导的定语从句，意为“......像......一样的”。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如填it，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(战友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点，born on 后面往往接具体的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（灵感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（谣言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判断下列句子为定语从句还是同位语从句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第四篇：同位语从句 知识点和习题

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同位语从句讲解

一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的息。I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。1.名词作同位语

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?” 但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4.句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）

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例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。

3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限

同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。

区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。

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因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。

例1：

1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

巩固性练习：

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when

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4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when

Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1.从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)

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Word came that he had been abroad.(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2.从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)

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The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.被修饰词语的区别

A．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。

例如：

①The boy who is playing football is my classmate． ②Those who work hard will succeed．

③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ④The fact that you are talking about is important．

在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。

在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。

B．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如：

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing． ②I have no idea when she will be back．

在①句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词； 在②句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。

3.引导词的不同

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定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A．引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。例如：

①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting． ②We heard the news that our team had won．

在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

B．引导词when，where，why 引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式。例如：

①I will never forget the day when I joined the army． ②We have no idea when she was born．

在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；

在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式。

③This is the house where I lived two years ago．

④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．

在③句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式；

在④句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式。

⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting． ⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．

在⑤句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在⑥句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式

第五篇：同位语从句用法小结

同位语从句用法小结

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：

一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词

advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word

二、同位语从句连接词的选用

在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。

We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题

注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别（1）that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别（2）同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别（3）whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。