高中同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)

第一篇：高中同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)

同位语从句讲义

1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句句法功能上

that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上

从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：

The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位语从句，that不可省)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。

同位语从句

是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。

详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。

1.名词作同位语

Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。

2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3.直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4.句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

同位语从句用法

同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

同位语从句-引导词

同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1.连词that引导同位语从句

（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

其它引导词引导的同位语从句

连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）

2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）

3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）

4.连接副词引导同位语从句

连接副词when, where, how, why

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

同位语从句-相关语法

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？

三、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

四、同位语从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。

How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?

代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。

有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。

You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。

同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别： 1．意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：

We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

2.引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3.引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4.被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）

同位语从句-特殊形式

1.间隔同位语从句

同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。

A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday

简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句

2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。

简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。

3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句

I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。

简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。

同位语从句-雅思例句 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.同位语从句练习题

用适当的连接词填空：

It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.--Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7.Word came____I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.10.It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.B.单项选择

It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.A.that

B.what

C.that, what

D.what, that 2.Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.A.it, if

B.that, if

C.it, whether

D.this, whether 3.--What are you anxious about?

--____ A.How can we succeed

B.Whether we can succeed

C.When can we succeed

D.That we can succeed 4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.A.why, why

B.why, that

C.that, because

D.for, because 5.____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Who

B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.The person 6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.A.where it was that

B.it was that

C.where it was

D.it was why 7.? Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can’t remember ____.A.where

B.there

C.which

D.that 8.--What do you think of China?

--____different life is today from ____it used to be.A.How, what

B.What, what

C.How, that

D.What, that 9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.A.who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever

10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.A.That, that

B.What, what

C.That, what

D.What, that

练习二

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.which

2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.that

B.what

C.which D.why

3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when

4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it

5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when

B.that

C.what

D./

6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.which

7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when

B.which

C.what

D.that

8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what

9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that

B.as

C.of which

D.which

10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when

练习一答案A.1.that 2.what 3.what，whether 4.that 5.who 6.why 7.that 8.which 9.where 10.whatever B.1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 练习二答案：1-5 AABBA

6-10 BDCAA

同位语从句

1.名词作同位语

Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。

2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3.直接引语作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

同位语从句用法

同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

同位语从句-引导词

同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1.连词that引导同位语从句

（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

其它引导词引导的同位语从句

连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）

2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）

3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）

4.连接副词引导同位语从句

连接副词when, where, how, why

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

同位语从句-相关语法

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？

三、同位语从句的语气

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

四、同位语从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。

How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?

代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。

You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。

同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别：

1．意义的不同

We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

2.引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3.引导词的功能上的不同

4.被修饰词语的区别

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）

同位语从句-特殊形式

1.间隔同位语从句

同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。

A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday

简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句

2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。

3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句

I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。

第二篇：高中宾语从句详细讲解与练习（精选）

宾语从句讲与练

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1．语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋„„）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：

1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？

4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2．连接词

1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if„or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 3．时态

含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：

1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。4．注意：

if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当„„时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：

—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？

—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法

同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：

方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.→We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：

He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win.→The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.→I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.→They found the box very heavy.高中宾语从句练习题及答案详解 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 1.The place _______interested me most was the years old.Children's Palace.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the 2.Do you know the man _______? country?

A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that A.who B.who's C.which D.whose I spoke 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed yesterday.4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese A.which B.who C.what D.as Communist Party was founded? 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.which B.that C.when D.on which A.who B.whom C.that D.as 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when A.that B.as C.whom D.what 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very from here.much.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the D.I went with him factory _______we are working.19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.where B.that C.which D.there A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.8.This is one of the best films _______.same novels

A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown 20.He talked a lot about things and persons C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked ________they remembered in the school.9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.which B.that C.whom D.what A.about which you talked B.which you talked 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in C.about that you talked D.that you talked Beijing.10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.which B.that C.whom D.who A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a ____are women.small boy.A.them B.which C.whom D.who A.whom B.who C.which D.that 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met

______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that

25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D.what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as

39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose

40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.on TV.A.that B.which C.as D.it

27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after

C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which

34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which

A.that B.which C.it D.though

41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that

42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with

the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who B.that;which C.which;that D.when;which

43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are

44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it

46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what B.through which;what C.through that;what D.what;that

47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where

48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as B.that C.what D.who

49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them B.neither of them C.neither of which D.none of which

50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been

参考答案及解析

1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2．C.“和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6．C.解析同第5题。

7.A.解析见第3题。

8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

10.A.with which是”介词+关系代词“结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有”用“的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在从句中作状语.12.D.with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which

25.A.for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for ”以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。

29.D.for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30.B.which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。

32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41.A.what happened是宾语从句.all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。

44.D.that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。

45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。

46.B.through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。

47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。

48.A.解释见35题。

49.C.因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。

50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

第三篇：高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习（共）

高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句讲义及练习

一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）

例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whe】引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）

ther

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。

3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。

区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。

如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。

例1：

1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

巩固性练习：

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why

D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./

D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that

B.as

C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that

D.when

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1.从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad.(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2.从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作

received的宾语,可以省略?)

高二英语短文改错专题复习

知识总结归纳：

短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯，但有九行文字中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。它所涉及的知识面很广，能力要求较高。而且题中所设的错误常常是考生自己在写作中经常出的语法错误，是专门针对考生的弱点而设的。但它又从另一个角度考查了语法知识的运用。因此，做题时，应从以下几个方面着手解题：动词使用错误；名词使用错误；形容词，副词使用错误；连词使用错误；代词使用错误；冠词使用错误；介词使用错误，上下文逻辑错误等。

在研究每一行的句子时，首先把握句子的意思，然后划分句子的成分：主语；谓语部分；宾语；状语：地点，时间，方式等。如果句子是并列句或复合句，先分开各部分小的分句，根据各个分句之间的关系判断使用的连词是否正确。然后再研究各个分句的成分。

（一）名词使用错误：名词一般在句中做主语或宾语，名词的错误主要在于名词单，复数的错误使用。1.They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： 2.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3.We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：4.Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day.：。

5.He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：6.On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：

That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt„.：

（二）动词使用的错误：

<一> 作为谓语动词，注意谓语动词在时态，语态，与主语是否一致以及用词方面的问题。1.My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school team.：

2..Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：

I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.： 4.„the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.Evening came down.： 5.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：6.The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.<二> 作为非谓语动词，现在分词，过去分词，动名词，不定式形式的使用错误，同时注意非谓语动词在平行结构中出现的错误。

1.Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：2.He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：

<三> 形容词，副词使用错误：

注意：① 形容词和副词的比较级，原级，最高级使用方面的问题。② 修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。③ 以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。④ 形容词和副词的混用。1.I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting： 2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.：

3.„his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：

4.4.People will work few hours than they do now.： 5.Computers will be more smaller and useful„.：

6.Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved.<四> 连词使用错误：并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句，状语从句，定语从句中主，从句的连接词的误用根据主从句的关系可以发现。1.My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.： 2.My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.3.It deosn’t matter that I would win or not.4.An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：

5.The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.：解题思路：

首先要理解整个短文的含义，逻辑关系，篇章结构。再仔细研究每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法判断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时一定以整句为单位。【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）

A You can find all kinds information in just

1._____ a few minute on the Internet.It’s like going to a

2._____ huge library without have to walk around to find

3._____ your books.Recently even though, many people

4._____ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet

5._____ They have been reports in America about people

6._______ trying to steal person information for bad purposes.Finding information on the Net is easily.But not all information are good to society.For example, you

can find such information like how to kill people.The problem will become more serious in the future.B This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival.My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.One time, I just couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner.As I was about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me.Shake her hand, she said, ‘It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologizeand controlled me at my best till the dinner started.You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”7._______ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.________ 8

第四篇：高中语法定语从句与同位语从句（推荐）

同位语从句

1.概念：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句。

2.什么是同位语？

同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。

3.同位语举例

（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”

（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区分。

（1）定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes

The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true

The news that she will go abroad is true

（3）由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位

如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.

第五篇：高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习

主语从句

一、概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。

二.主语从句主要有四类：

（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。

注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。

例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句

在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用

whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。

如：

Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）

（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）

Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（让步状语从句）

（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）

（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意点: it构成的主语从句

（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但当what引导的主语从句表示“„的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：

It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构 It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that„ 事实是„„

It is good news that „ „„是好消息 It is a question that „ „„是个问题 It is common knowledge that „ „„是常识

类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容词+从句

It is necessary that „ 有必要„„ It is clear that „ 很清楚„„ It is likely that „ 很可能„„

It is important that „ 重要的是„„

类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。

It is +过去分词+从句 It is said that „ 据说„„

It is reported that „ 据报道„„ It has been proved that „ 已证明„„ It must be proved that„ 必须指出„„

类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. It seems（happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / occurred „）that „ 如：

It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主从练习

1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate