定语从句与同位语从句(全)

第一篇：定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21

定语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳 大利亚的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科 学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。１.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)这是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系 代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。（将先行词带入试试，可以看出介词是否有问题）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父 母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些 苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总 共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

四、关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

句型 意义 翻译 非限制性定语从句 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句 限制性定语从句 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 逗号 that 限制性定语从句举例： 有 不可用 无 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说 汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很 严格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中国是1949年 成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

（一）只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4．当先行词被the very（恰恰）, the only（唯一）, the sane（同样）, the last（最后）等词修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。7.当先行词是way，manner，measure等表示方法的词和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我们援助他们的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

（二）只能使用关系词which不使用that的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系词which,不能使用关系词that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得它很轻。2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。（该句中的in which=where）

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。注：that引导的从句修饰先行词the novel，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the library。

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于提高你英语的那本英语语法书。注：句中俩逗号夹的那一部分就是插入语，为了不影响对句子结构的理解，看到插入语类似这种的成分可以先划掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行词为that时。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。注：该句也可以换成名词性从句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

同位语：一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分，对前者进一步说明。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明前面名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。同位语从句的引导词有：关系代词（that,，whether，what，which，who），关系副词（when，where，why，how），通常由that引导。常用于同位语从句的名词有：advice（建议），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答应），request（要求），suggestion（建议），wish（希望），word(话),agreement（一致意见），assumption（假定），awareness（意识），belief（信仰），conclusion（结论），conviction（深信），decision（决定），delusion（错觉），determination（决心），discovery（发现），doubt（怀疑），dream（梦想），evidence（证据），explanation（解释），fact（事实），feeling（感觉），guarantee（保证），guess（猜测）,hope(希望),idea(观点), knowledge(认识),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(观念),objection(反对),opinion(观点),possibility(可能性),prediction(预测),probability(可能性),problem(问题),proof(证据),proposal(建议),proposition(论点、主张),question(问题),realization(认识),rumor(传闻),sign(迹象),truth(事实),theory(理论),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名词。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

二、同位语从句的引导词使用情况

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。同位语从句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽 车。

三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与先行词是同位关系；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它与先行词是修饰关系。We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

二、引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告诉我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

三、被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为 什么这是最好的选择。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以发展成完整句子 同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是students,指人，所以引导定语从句应该用whom，也可以说twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是没有一个的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于两者之间）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为“such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as”引导的定语从句，意为“......像......一样的”。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如填it，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(战友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点，born on 后面往往接具体的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（灵感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（谣言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判断下列句子为定语从句还是同位语从句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第二篇：定语从句与同位语从句的区别

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）

二、从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise

三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。同位语从句）

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。

That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which来代替。

The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups

was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。

同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，(that虽不作成份，但不能省略）

The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要

与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。

定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。定语从句中的主谓一致

1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。

e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs

of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数； the(only)one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。

e.g.Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.3、主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am.e.g.I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free

第三篇：高中语法定语从句与同位语从句（推荐）

同位语从句

1.概念：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句。

2.什么是同位语？

同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。

3.同位语举例

（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”

（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区分。

（1）定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes

The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true

The news that she will go abroad is true

（3）由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但 它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位

如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.

第四篇：定语从句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知识点及课后测试（含答案）

一、非限制性定语从句：

1.让学生在课文中把含有定语从句的句子全部划出来，标上序号。

2.提醒学生从句子的意义和形式方面进行对比，发现两种定语从句的不同点。3.同桌之间交换意见，对两种定语从句的不同点形成初步印象。

4.教师引导学生对这些结论进行归纳分析，结合例句梳理两种定语从句的不同用法。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不与主句语意关系松散，定语从句拿掉其 能删除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开

使用时可以用that引导 使用时不能用that引导 形式 关系词做宾语可省 关系词做宾语不可省

as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有实际意义，可翻译成“正如，正像”而which并无实际意义。常见的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知

as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）当定于从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引导限制性定语从句（1）常用于下列句式

such+名词+as… 像……一样,像……之类 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里一样的工具。注意：下面两句意思的差别

这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。（不是同一本）这就是我上周读的那本书。（同一本）

二、课文知识点

1.cultural relics 文化遗产

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍贵稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。

3.in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。

This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

decorate with 以...装饰

7.be designed for …为……而设计 by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。

This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。8.belong to 属于

We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。9.in return 作为回报/报答/交换

in turn 依次地，轮流的；转而，反过来

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。11.become part of… 变成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为表现的一部分。12.serve as 作为，用作，充当，起作用

The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。have sth done 请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失 We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。

We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我们认为这是真实的。a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字 There is a page missing.缺少一页。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.17.be at war 处于战争状态,交战

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

it remains to be seen 尚待分晓

The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。

24.without doubt 无疑地，确实地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆开

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than胜于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们的目的是重质不重量。第4/8页

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 亲自，独自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自已活着。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。34.do with 处理，忍受，对付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度 What do they do with the coin? 他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的? 35.take notes of 记录，把……记下来

Please take notes of the important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情记下来。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。38.for fun 为了消遣，为了开心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。【练习】 一）填写单词

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8页

二）请根据中文意思完成下列句子。1.长城是世界一大奇迹。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.请考虑一下我的建议。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．仅几名士兵没有战死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍贵的书。

5．他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了这次会议，其中三分之二都是同一个学校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我们认为他说的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。________ 10． 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。三）单项选择

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8页

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定语从句专项 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8页

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC

第五篇：定语从句

2

定语从句

（重庆）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can

be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where

________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新课标II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

（江苏）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陕西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山东）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山东）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（辽宁）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom

19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which

20.【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重庆卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them

23.【2012陕西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全国II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB