定语从句与同位语从句的区别

第一篇：定语从句与同位语从句的区别

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）

二、从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise

三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。同位语从句）

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。

That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which来代替。

The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups

was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。

同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，(that虽不作成份，但不能省略）

The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要

与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。

定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。定语从句中的主谓一致

1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。

e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs

of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数； the(only)one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。

e.g.Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.3、主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am.e.g.I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free

第二篇：定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21

定语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳 大利亚的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科 学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。１.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)这是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系 代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。（将先行词带入试试，可以看出介词是否有问题）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父 母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些 苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总 共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

四、关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

句型 意义 翻译 非限制性定语从句 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句 限制性定语从句 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 逗号 that 限制性定语从句举例： 有 不可用 无 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说 汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很 严格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中国是1949年 成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

（一）只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4．当先行词被the very（恰恰）, the only（唯一）, the sane（同样）, the last（最后）等词修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。7.当先行词是way，manner，measure等表示方法的词和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我们援助他们的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

（二）只能使用关系词which不使用that的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系词which,不能使用关系词that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得它很轻。2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。（该句中的in which=where）

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。注：that引导的从句修饰先行词the novel，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the library。

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于提高你英语的那本英语语法书。注：句中俩逗号夹的那一部分就是插入语，为了不影响对句子结构的理解，看到插入语类似这种的成分可以先划掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行词为that时。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。注：该句也可以换成名词性从句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位语从句详细讲解

一、定义及相关术语

同位语：一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分，对前者进一步说明。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明前面名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。同位语从句的引导词有：关系代词（that,，whether，what，which，who），关系副词（when，where，why，how），通常由that引导。常用于同位语从句的名词有：advice（建议），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答应），request（要求），suggestion（建议），wish（希望），word(话),agreement（一致意见），assumption（假定），awareness（意识），belief（信仰），conclusion（结论），conviction（深信），decision（决定），delusion（错觉），determination（决心），discovery（发现），doubt（怀疑），dream（梦想），evidence（证据），explanation（解释），fact（事实），feeling（感觉），guarantee（保证），guess（猜测）,hope(希望),idea(观点), knowledge(认识),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(观念),objection(反对),opinion(观点),possibility(可能性),prediction(预测),probability(可能性),problem(问题),proof(证据),proposal(建议),proposition(论点、主张),question(问题),realization(认识),rumor(传闻),sign(迹象),truth(事实),theory(理论),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名词。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

二、同位语从句的引导词使用情况

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。同位语从句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽 车。

三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与先行词是同位关系；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它与先行词是修饰关系。We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

二、引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告诉我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

三、被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为 什么这是最好的选择。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以发展成完整句子 同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是students,指人，所以引导定语从句应该用whom，也可以说twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是没有一个的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于两者之间）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为“such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as”引导的定语从句，意为“......像......一样的”。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如填it，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(战友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点，born on 后面往往接具体的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（灵感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（谣言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判断下列句子为定语从句还是同位语从句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第三篇：英语中同位语从句与定语从句的区别

同位语从句与定语从句的区别

一、从句法功能上来看

同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如：

I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way.(that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分)

The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister.(that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)

二、从意义上来看

同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号；而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：

He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day.(that引导的是同位语从句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)

This is the factory that we visited last month.(that引导的是定语从句，其中 the factory≠ we visited last month.)

三、从中心名词上来看

同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。如：

四、从that是否可以省略来看 引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而在定语从句中，that作宾语时，可以省略。另外，引导定语从句的that若指事物，它可以用which来代替，而在同位语从句中，that 永远不能用which替代。

第四篇：高中英语教学论文 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

同位语从句与定语从句的区别

一、意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。如：

We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

二、引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

三、引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

四、被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。如：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I'll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)

The reason why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

用心

爱心

专心 1

第五篇：定语从句与同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别

定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的区别

一、定语从句

1.定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which； 关系副词有：when, where, why。2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

（1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意

思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。例：This is the boy who broke the window.（2）非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主

句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。例：I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.3.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”：（1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。

（2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.（3）由“介词+关系代词”引导时，关系代词不能用as。（4）指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。4.在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which:（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。例：This is the best film that I have ever read.（2）先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。

例：He told me everything that he knows.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

例：He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在定语从句中作表语时。例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时；或者句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时。

例：Which are the books that you bought for me ? 5.其他注意事项

（1）当the way做先行词时，只用that, in which或不用关系词。例：What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.（2）在限制性定语从句中，名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as不能用which。例：Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.（3）在非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，像”的含义，可以 放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。例：They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.6.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，阅读时要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。

（1）在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think,I suppose,I guess,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入 语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。

例：He made another wonderful discovery,which I think isof importance to science.（2）在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。

例：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.（3）在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。

例：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? 你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？

（4）先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语

较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后。例：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.7.几个特殊的定语从句句型

（1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）（2）Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?（句中the one为先行词）Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?（句中 the place为先行词）（3）He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happening.（4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.8.定语从句的做题方法：（1）找出主句，确定先行词；

（2）找出从句，判断从句是否完整（是否符合简单句的基本构成）---否，用关系代词；是，用关系副词。

二、同位语从句

1.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，而且不能省略。例：The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.三、定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1.定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）；而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

2.定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语 从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

例：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分，用于说明news的内容。

【注意】当主句的谓语部分过短时而从句过长时，同位语从句放在谓语动词的后面，避免头重脚轻。例：Word came that our team had won the game.四、定语从句与状语从句的区别

1.定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。

例：This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）Let’s go where we can find a better job.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）

2.定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以 放在主句的前面。

例：Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）

When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）3.When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。例：This is the factory in which(where)his father once worked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）

Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处。（状语从句）

4.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的 连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。例：It is such an interesting book as we all like.as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句。It is such an interesting book that we all like it.that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句。

五、强调句

1.强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状等）+ that/who +句子 的其余部分。

例：It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.（强调时间状语）2.强调句中含有not until的句子

在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即 itis(was)+not until +从句或者短语 +that+其它..例：It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.六、定语从句与强调句的区别

1.定语从句中关系词作从句成分，关系词作宾语时可省略；强调句中that / who没有任何意义且不能省略。

2.强调句中的it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

3.强调句it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。

例：It is the museum that / which we visited last year.（定语从句）It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）

例题赏析：

1.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.what 【解析】此题考查同位语从句that的用法。that引导同位语从句修饰a feeling，只是做补充成分而已。句 意是我内心有种感觉我们永远不会知道UFO是什么—从来也不知道。故此题选A.2.His uncle works in a factorybicycles are made． A.that B.which

C.where

D.there 【解析】此题考查定语从句关系副词的用法。bicycles are made in the factory, 此处缺少介词in,故需用关系

副词来引导，where相当于in which，因此选择C.练习

1.Tom’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.A.what B.which

C.that

D.where 2.Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while

B.that

C.when

D.as 3.He wanted to know the time he needed to know.A.that B.when

C.where

D.what 4.Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where 5.He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.who

C.when

D.that 6.Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.A.which B.that

C.when

D.where 7.There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.A.that B.which

C.where

D.as

8.Do you know the man ? A.whom I spoke

C.I spoke to

B.to who I spoke D.that I spoke 9.It is not who is right but what is right is of importance.A.which B.it C.that

D.this 10.He’s got himself into a dangerous situationhe was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where

B.which

C.what

D.why 11.when was it you called me yesterday? A.until B.that C.then D.so

12.The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.A.with which B.with it

C.with that

D.which 13.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.A.who

B.whose

C.whom

D.which 14.It was he came back from Japan that year he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;then

B.not;until

C.not until;that

D.only;when 15.It was the training he had as a young man made him such a good engineer.A.what;that B.that;what C.that;which D.which;that

参考答案：

1-5 BBACD

6-10 ADCCA

11-15 BABCD